Article(id=1149844395836572159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828028623066093, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.51, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1646928000000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-11, revisedDate=1653235200000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-23, acceptedDate=1653840000000, acceptedDateStr=2022-05-30, onlineDate=1752073867043, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1738166400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752076373163, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1752073867043, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-07-09, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752073867043, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752073867043, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1146828028623066093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2025', volume='23', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1751354709057, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765499536223, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206155733847044492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828028623066093, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206155733847044493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1146828028623066093, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=58, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149844396402803200, articleId=1149844395836572159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=High-efficient Conversion and Control of Underwater Constant-current to Constant-voltage Based on DCX, columnId=1152281491305755501, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=DC-DC Converters, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The constant-current power supply system is suitable for remote seabed power supply in a harsh environment owing to its strong anti-failure capability. As all the seabed equipment adopts constant-voltage power supply, a constant-current to constant-voltage conversion device is needed to convert constant-current input into constant-voltage output to provide electric energy for the seabed equipment. To solve the problem that an efficient conversion from constant-current to constant-voltage in a wide load range as well as a high-pressure isolation control, a constant-current to constant-voltage converter topology with cascade of a shunt regulator circuit and a DC transformer is proposed to achieve the efficient conversion from constant-current to constant-voltage in a wide range. Aimed at the output control problem under high-pressure isolation, an indirect control strategy for output voltage based on input-side detection is studied to achieve an accurate control of output voltage without the need of high-cost and large-volume output isolation detection devices. Finally, an experimental prototype with input of 1 A and rated power of 500 W was built to verify the feasibility of the power conversion technology of constant-current to constant-voltage converter.

, correspAuthors=Qing LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jinbo ZHAO, Yungeng HU, Xin SHU, Qing LIU, Yuangeng XIA, Zhijian FANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149844478057513208, articleId=1149844395836572159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=基于DCX的水下恒流转恒压高效变换与控制研究, columnId=1149829799759339522, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=DC-DC变换器, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

恒流供电系统因其较强的抗故障能力,适用于环境恶劣的海底远距离供电,但海底设备均采用恒压供电,因此需使用恒流转恒压变换装置将恒流输入转换为恒压输出,然后为该类设备提供电能。为解决宽负载范围下恒流转恒压的高效变换与高压隔离控制的关键问题,首先提出1种分流调节器电路和直流变压器级联的恒流转恒压变换拓扑,实现恒流到恒压的宽范围高效变换;其次,针对高压隔离下的输出控制问题,研究基于输入侧检测的输出电压间接控制策略,无需高成本、大体积的输出隔离检测器件实现对输出电压的精准控制;最后,搭建输入电流为1 A、额定功率为500 W的实验样机,验证恒流转恒压变换器电能变换技术的可行性。

, correspAuthors=刘庆, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘庆(1977— ),男,硕士,研究员。研究方向:大功率电力电子与低频电磁通信。E-mail:
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赵锦波(1988— ),男,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:大功率电磁发射与水下远程供电。E-mail:

胡云耕(1991— ),男,硕士,工程师。研究方向:大功率电磁发射与水下远程供电。E-mail:

舒欣(1994— ),女,硕士,工程师。研究方向:大功率电磁发射与水下远程供电。E-mail:

夏远庚(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子与电能变换。E-mail:

方支剑(1988— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子与电能变换。E-mail:

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赵锦波(1988— ),男,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:大功率电磁发射与水下远程供电。E-mail:

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赵锦波(1988— ),男,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:大功率电磁发射与水下远程供电。E-mail:

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胡云耕(1991— ),男,硕士,工程师。研究方向:大功率电磁发射与水下远程供电。E-mail:

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胡云耕(1991— ),男,硕士,工程师。研究方向:大功率电磁发射与水下远程供电。E-mail:

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舒欣(1994— ),女,硕士,工程师。研究方向:大功率电磁发射与水下远程供电。E-mail:

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舒欣(1994— ),女,硕士,工程师。研究方向:大功率电磁发射与水下远程供电。E-mail:

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夏远庚(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子与电能变换。E-mail:

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夏远庚(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子与电能变换。E-mail:

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方支剑(1988— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子与电能变换。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

方支剑(1988— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子与电能变换。E-mail:

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Key parameters of converter

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数或元件 数值或型号
输入电流Iin/A 1
输出电压Vout/V 375
输出功率Pload/W 0~500
谐振电感Lr/nH 86
谐振电容Cr/nF 22
励磁电感Lm/μH 806
变压器变比 300:375
MOS管
二极管
Infineon-IMW120R220M1
IXYS-DSEP12-12A
), ArticleFig(id=1205931311013884577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1149844395836572159, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变换器关键参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数或元件 数值或型号
输入电流Iin/A 1
输出电压Vout/V 375
输出功率Pload/W 0~500
谐振电感Lr/nH 86
谐振电容Cr/nF 22
励磁电感Lm/μH 806
变压器变比 300:375
MOS管
二极管
Infineon-IMW120R220M1
IXYS-DSEP12-12A
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基于DCX的水下恒流转恒压高效变换与控制研究
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赵锦波 1 , 胡云耕 1 , 舒欣 1 , 刘庆 1 , 夏远庚 2 , 方支剑 2
电源学报 | DC-DC变换器 2025,23(1): 51-58
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电源学报 | DC-DC变换器 2025, 23(1): 51-58
基于DCX的水下恒流转恒压高效变换与控制研究
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赵锦波1 , 胡云耕1 , 舒欣1 , 刘庆1 , 夏远庚2 , 方支剑2
作者信息
  • 1 中国船舶集团有限公司第七二二研究所低频电磁通信技术实验室,武汉 430205
  • 2 中国地质大学(武汉)自动化学院,武汉 430074
  • 赵锦波(1988— ),男,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:大功率电磁发射与水下远程供电。E-mail:

    胡云耕(1991— ),男,硕士,工程师。研究方向:大功率电磁发射与水下远程供电。E-mail:

    舒欣(1994— ),女,硕士,工程师。研究方向:大功率电磁发射与水下远程供电。E-mail:

    夏远庚(1997— ),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子与电能变换。E-mail:

    方支剑(1988— ),男,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子与电能变换。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘庆(1977— ),男,硕士,研究员。研究方向:大功率电力电子与低频电磁通信。E-mail:
High-efficient Conversion and Control of Underwater Constant-current to Constant-voltage Based on DCX
Jinbo ZHAO1 , Yungeng HU1 , Xin SHU1 , Qing LIU1 , Yuangeng XIA2 , Zhijian FANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Laboratory of Low-frequency Electro-magnetic Communication Technology with the 722 Research Institute, CSSC, Wuhan 430205, China
  • 2 School of Automation, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2025-01-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.51
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恒流供电系统因其较强的抗故障能力,适用于环境恶劣的海底远距离供电,但海底设备均采用恒压供电,因此需使用恒流转恒压变换装置将恒流输入转换为恒压输出,然后为该类设备提供电能。为解决宽负载范围下恒流转恒压的高效变换与高压隔离控制的关键问题,首先提出1种分流调节器电路和直流变压器级联的恒流转恒压变换拓扑,实现恒流到恒压的宽范围高效变换;其次,针对高压隔离下的输出控制问题,研究基于输入侧检测的输出电压间接控制策略,无需高成本、大体积的输出隔离检测器件实现对输出电压的精准控制;最后,搭建输入电流为1 A、额定功率为500 W的实验样机,验证恒流转恒压变换器电能变换技术的可行性。

直流变压器  /  恒流转恒压  /  分流调节器  /  间接控制

The constant-current power supply system is suitable for remote seabed power supply in a harsh environment owing to its strong anti-failure capability. As all the seabed equipment adopts constant-voltage power supply, a constant-current to constant-voltage conversion device is needed to convert constant-current input into constant-voltage output to provide electric energy for the seabed equipment. To solve the problem that an efficient conversion from constant-current to constant-voltage in a wide load range as well as a high-pressure isolation control, a constant-current to constant-voltage converter topology with cascade of a shunt regulator circuit and a DC transformer is proposed to achieve the efficient conversion from constant-current to constant-voltage in a wide range. Aimed at the output control problem under high-pressure isolation, an indirect control strategy for output voltage based on input-side detection is studied to achieve an accurate control of output voltage without the need of high-cost and large-volume output isolation detection devices. Finally, an experimental prototype with input of 1 A and rated power of 500 W was built to verify the feasibility of the power conversion technology of constant-current to constant-voltage converter.

DC transformer  /  constant-current to constant-voltage  /  shunt regulator  /  indirect control
赵锦波, 胡云耕, 舒欣, 刘庆, 夏远庚, 方支剑. 基于DCX的水下恒流转恒压高效变换与控制研究. 电源学报, 2025 , 23 (1) : 51 -58 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.51
Jinbo ZHAO, Yungeng HU, Xin SHU, Qing LIU, Yuangeng XIA, Zhijian FANG. High-efficient Conversion and Control of Underwater Constant-current to Constant-voltage Based on DCX[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025 , 23 (1) : 51 -58 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.51
海底观测网络主要用于探寻海洋资源、确保海洋安全。海底复杂环境下如何保证传输系统与观测网络的安全可靠运行是目前需要研究的关键问题[1]。当前,水下供电主要由光电复合缆将电能从岸基传输到海底[2-3],传输距离远、可靠性高的优点使该技术得到广泛应用,其供电方式主要有交流供电和直流供电。由于交流供电远距离传输会导致输送容量受限,而直流恒压供电难以抵抗海底供电中频发的短路故障,使得该技术的可靠性受到影响[4]。直流恒流供电具有较高的传输效率、良好的抗海水短路故障能力,非常适合海底观测网的供电应用,是未来的发展方向[5-6]。然而,电子设备一般采用恒压供电方式,在水下恒流供电系统中需要通过恒流转恒压变换装置将电缆输入的恒定电流转换为设备所需的恒定电压。
针对直流恒流型供电系统所需的恒流转恒压变换问题,文献[7-8]提出基于分流调节器SR(shunt regulator)结构的恒流转恒压变换器,该拓扑可实现恒流向恒压变换,然而海底恒流供电系统中各用电单元串联组网,随着海底设备功率增加至千瓦级以上,输入侧与输出侧存在几千伏的电位差,为确保系统的安全可靠性,变换器需要具有更高电压的电气隔离能力;文献[9]提出1种基于双路推挽谐振变换器的恒流转恒压电源,该拓扑采用推挽变压器实现负载侧与电源侧的电气隔离,但是开关管无法实现软开关,损耗较大,效率较低;文献[10-11]提出1种恒流输入的并联谐振型变换器实现恒流转恒压变换,该电路利用谐振特性实现开关管的软开关,提高了系统变换效率,然而该拓扑增益特性对开关频率变化不敏感,在宽范围负载变化过程中无法保持高效率运行,且较难适用于轻载环境。综上所述,当前恒流转恒压变换拓扑虽然可以实现恒流到恒压的转换,但难以兼顾变换器的输出与效率特性。同时,上述电路均直接采集输出侧信息进行电路控制,未考虑大功率下输入侧与输出侧较大电压差带来的输出检测与控制难题[12],当输入侧与输出侧存在较高电位差时,需要采用高成本的隔离检测设备实现输入侧与输出侧的信息交互。
本文针对当前恒流转恒压装置面临的高效变换问题,提出1种采用分流调节器电路和直流变压器DCX(DC transformer)相级联的恒流转恒压变换器,同时针对高电压差下的隔离检测问题提出基于输入信息的输出电压间接控制策略。
图1为本文所提恒流转恒压CC/CV(constant-current to constant-voltage)变换器拓扑。该拓扑可分为分流调节器电路和DCX电路2个部分,其中分流调节器电路由开关管Q1、二极管D0和母线滤波电容C0组成;DCX电路由开关管S1和S2、谐振电感Lm、变压器T1、励磁电感Ls、谐振电容Cr、输出整流二极管D1和D2、输出滤波电容C1组成。
分流调节器电路将输入的恒定电流转换为稳定的电压,然后通过DCX中的逆变电路逆变为高频交流,再通过变压器整流后为负载供电。其中DCX电路采用定频运行,负载电压由分流调节器电路控制并维持稳定。该变换器在负载变化的条件下,原边开关管实现零电压开关ZVS(zero voltage switching)、副边整流二极管实现零电流开关ZCS (zero current switching)工作时可实现系统的高效率运行[12]
图2为分流调节器电路工作波形。
在阶段1(t0<t<t1),开关管断开,电流源对电容C0充电,此时电容储存能量。负载电流I0可表示为
${I}_{0}={I}_{\text{S}}-{i}_{\text{C}}$
式中,${I}_{\text{S}}$${i}_{\text{C}}$分别为输入电流、电容电流。
在阶段2(t1<t<t2),开关管导通,此时电容释放能量对负载进行供电,有
$\frac{{i}_{\text{C}}}{{C}_{0}}=\frac{\text{d}u}{\text{d}t}$
在1个周期内,电容储存的能量等于释放的能量,因此有
$\frac{{I}_{0}}{{C}_{0}}{T}_{\text{on}}=\frac{{I}_{\text{S}}-{I}_{0}}{{C}_{0}}{T}_{\text{off}}$
式中,${T}_{\text{on}}$${T}_{\text{off}}$分别为周期内通态、断态时间。
整理得到分流调节器输入电流与输出电压的关系为
${V}_{\text{o}}={I}_{\text{s}}(1-D){R}_{\text{L}}$
式中:D为开关管Q1的占空比;RL为等效负载。通过调节分流调节器占空比D的大小来调节输出电压,以实现对输出电压的稳定调控,为后级直流变压器电路提供稳定的输入电压。
DCX因其高频特性能够实现高效率转换,其工作原理是通过改变开关管开关频率fs控制变换器能量传输。当fs略小于谐振频率fr时,直流变压器电路增益约为1,负载变化引起的输入电压调节非常小。此特性为分流调节器电路稳定工作提供了必要条件,电路原边可实现ZVS,副边整流电路可实现ZCS。因此当fs< fr时,变换器能够实现高效率DC-DC变换。图3fs< fr时DCX工作波形。
阶段1(t0<t<t1):t0时刻,开关管S2关闭,此时由于电路呈感性,谐振电流方向不变,对开关管S2寄生电容充电,同时开关管S1寄生电容放电,当放电完成时,其两端电压Uds1变为0。励磁电感为负载提供能量,其两端电压被钳位至-nVout
阶段2(t1<t<t2):t1时刻,开关管S1开通,由于此时其两端电压Uds1=0,因此电路实现ZVS,同时由于此时谐振电流仍小于励磁电流,因此负载仍由励磁电感提供能量。
阶段3(t2<t<t3):t2时刻,谐振电流减小至0并换向,开关管S1为正向导通状态,励磁电感被钳位,不参与谐振,副边整流管D1导通。
阶段4(t3<t<t4):t3时刻,励磁电流im换向,其电流线性上升,变压器流过的电流大小为谐振电流与励磁电流的差值,原边向副边传输能量。
阶段5(t4<t<t5):t4时刻,谐振电流大小等于励磁电流,因此无能量传输至副边,流过副边整流二极管D1的电流为0,实现ZCS,负载端由输出滤波电容提供能量。
t5时刻之后为电路后1/2周期,其工作原理与前1/2周期相同。
由于DCX采用定频设计,因此不需要进行电压调节。当其工作于谐振频率处,电路可实现软开关,最高效率可达95%。而当前级分流调节器电路运行时,开关管与二极管为硬开关,存在一定损耗。通过分流调节器电路和直流电压器电路级联,后级电路无需进行电压调节,因此可减小损耗。当负载变化时,由于分流调节器电路为高压小电流,输出电压小范围变化,后级电路仍处于最高效率点运行,因此变换器在宽范围负载变化下可始终保持高效率运行。
整个系统损耗可分为分流调节器电路损耗和直流变压器电路损耗。分流调节器电路损耗主要为开关管开关损耗和二极管损耗,后级直流变压器电路损耗以器件通态损耗为主。
分流调节器电路主要损耗:开关管通态损耗Pcon_Q1、开关管开通损耗Pon_Q1和开关管关断损耗Poff_Q1。本文由于输入电流额定值为1 A,满载时导通占空比约为0.1,通态损耗较小,因此分流调节器电路主要损耗为开关损耗。
开关管开通损耗Pon_Q1
$\begin{array}{l}{P}_{\text{on_Q1}}={f}_{\text{s}}{}_{\text{r}}{\int }_{0}^{{t}_{\text{ri}}+{t}_{\text{fu}}}{V}_{\text{ds}}(t){i}_{\text{s}}(t)\text{d}t=\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\left({V}_{\text{bus}}{I}_{\text{mos}}\frac{{t}_{\text{ri}}+{t}_{\text{fu}}}{2}+{Q}_{\text{rr}}{V}_{\text{bus}}\right){f}_{\text{s}}{}_{\text{r}}\end{array}$
式中:${f}_{\text{s}}{}_{\text{r}}$为分流调节器电路开关频率;tri为开关管电流上升时间;tfu为开关管电压Vds下降时间;Vbus为分流调节器输出电压;Imos为开关管导通时的电流;Qrr为二极管反向恢复电荷。
开关管关断损耗Poff_Q1
$P_{\mathrm{off} \_\mathrm{Ql}}=f_{\mathrm{sr}} \int_{0}^{t_{\mathrm{ru}}+t_{\mathrm{fi}}} V_{\mathrm{ds}}(t) i_{\mathrm{s}}(t) \mathrm{d} t=V_{\mathrm{bus}} I_{\mathrm{mos}} \frac{t_{\mathrm{ru}}+t_{\mathrm{fi}}}{2} f_{\mathrm{sr}}$
式中:tru为开关管电压Vds上升时间;tfi为开关管电流下降时间。
二极管通态损耗Pcon_D1
${P}_{\text{con_D1}}=(1-D){V}_{\text{F_D}}{I}_{\text{D_ave}}+{I}_{\text{D_rms}}^{2}(1-D){R}_{\text{D_on}}$
式中:VF_D为二极管导通压降;ID_ave为二极管平均电流;ID_rms为二极管有效值;RD_on为二极管导通电阻。
二极管反向恢复损耗Poff_D1
${P}_{\text{off_D1}}=\frac{1}{2}{K}_{\text{f}}{V}_{\text{R}}{I}_{\text{RM}}\frac{{t}_{\text{rr}}}{2}{f}_{\text{s}}{}_{\text{r}}$
式中:Kf为手册中给定的温度系数;VR为二极管承受的反向电压;IRM为二极管最大反向恢复电流;trr为二极管反向恢复时间。
直流变压器电路主要损耗:开关管关断损耗Poff_mos、开关管通态损耗Pcon_mos、变压器铜损PCu、变压器铁损PFe和其他器件损耗Pother。由于DCX电路原边可实现ZVS,副边整流电路可实现ZCS,因此该部分电路损耗主要为通态损耗。
由于半桥电路上、下桥开关管交替导通,每个开关管导通时间为1/2个周期,因此其通态损耗Pcon_mos
${P}_{\text{con_mos}}=\frac{1}{2}{R}_{\text{ds(on)}}{I}_{\text{rms}}^{2}$
式中:Rds(on)为开关管导通电阻;Irms为谐振电流,其大小与输出负载、谐振频率和励磁电感有关。
变压器损耗由铜损和铁损构成,其中铁损由其材料特性决定,与流经的电流有关。铜损的大小可计算为
${P}_{\text{Cu}}={I}_{\text{Prms}}^{2}{R}_{\text{p}}+{I}_{\text{Srms}}^{2}{R}_{\text{s}}$
式中:RpRs分别为变压器原、副边线路电阻;IPrmsISrms分别为变压器原、副边电流有效值。
当前海底恒流供电系统供电一端通常与大地相连,其末端与海水相连,以减少回流电缆的铺设成本,其原理如图4所示。
海底观测设备的恒压供电电源需要与海底恒流供电系统电气隔离,以保证海底供电系统与观测设备安全可靠运行。然而上述高电位差的隔离,导致输出侧电压、电流信息必须使用高压隔离检测装置才能传输至控制电路[13],而隔离检测装置成本高、体积大,因此使用范围有限。采用无线通讯方式虽然能准确采集到输出信息,但是较大的通信延时影响了系统控制的快速性。因此,必须研究高电位差隔离下恒流转恒压变换器输出电压的快速精准控制方法,以解决无线通信传输延时影响输出电压控制快速性的问题,实现对输出电压的快速精准控制。
针对上述高压隔离下的输出控制问题,本文提出1种基于输入侧检测的输出电压间接控制策略,并结合无线通信实现对输出电压的快速精准检测。该方法首先采集输出电压,通过无线通信技术传输至控制系统中;由于海底环境特殊,其信息存在一定延时,同时选择变换器中输入侧母线电压和谐振电流来计算输出电压;最后将无线通信和间接控制策略进行结合,搭建间接控制器,从而实现对输出电压的快速精准检测,为变换器的设计减小体积和节约成本。其控制框图如图5所示。
首先,针对直流变压器电路采集输入电压Vbus和谐振电流ir送入F(Vbus,ir)中,通过该数值计算出当前输出电压(参考值)${V}_{\text{out}}^{*}$,即
${V}_{\text{out}}^{*}=F({V}_{\text{bus}},{i}_{\text{r}})$
同时考虑通过计算得到的输出电压存在一定误差,将无线通信技术采集的、具有一定延时的输出电压Vout_delay与输出电压计算参考值${V}_{\text{out}}^{*}$作差,生成ΔV,然后通过PI控制器生成ΔV*,对计算的输出电压${V}_{\text{out}}^{*}$进行矫正,最终得出输出电压Vout。 通过Vout与给定值作差进行PI计算后,得出分流调节器占空比D,以此调节输出电压至额定输出电压。其控制策略如图6所示。
为验证本文所提恒流转恒压变换拓扑的可行性,在实验室制作了1台额定功率为500 W的样机,如图7所示,变换器关键参数见表1
图8(a)(b)分别为变换器输出功率半载和满载时分流调节器电路输出波形,图中Is为输入电流,Vgs为分流调节器开关管Q1驱动电压,Vds为开关管漏源电压,Vbus为分流调节器电路输出母线电压。可以看出,分流调节器电路可实现恒流源转恒压源稳定变换,输出功率为半载(250 W)时分流调节器占空比D约为0.45,输出功率为满载(500 W)时分流调节器占空比D约为0.10。实验结果表明,分流调节器电路在不同负载下均可实现恒流源向恒压源的稳定变换。
值得注意的是,由于当前直流稳压电源本质上为电压源特性,因此无法真正实现恒流输出特性,仅在1个开关周期内实现其平均值为1 A。但由图8可以看出,在当前恒流源特性下,变换器仍可实现恒流转恒压稳定变换。
图9图10分别为直接控制方法和间接控制策略下系统突加、突减负载时的输出波形,图中Vout为输出电压,Iout为输出电流。突加负载时输出功率由350 W切换至500 W,突减负载时输出功率由500 W切换至350 W。对比直接控制方法和间接控制策略下系统突加、突减负载实验结果可见,采用间接控制策略对系统进行调节时动态响应时间略长于直接控制方法,但最终可实现输出电压的精准调控,验证了本文所提间接控制策略的有效性。
图11图12分别为变换器输出功率半载 (250 W)和变换器输出功率满载(500 W)时谐振网络和全波整流电路输出波形。图中Vds1Vds2分别为开关管S1、S2漏源电压,Ir为谐振电流,Id1Id2分别为副边整流二极管D1、D2的电流,Vd1Vd2分别为副边整流二极管D1、D2的电压。可以看出,当变换器半载或满载运行时,开关管S1、S2开通过程中开关管两端电压已降为0,副边整流二极管D1、D2关断时电流已降为0。
当变换器半载或满载运行时,后级直流变压器电路开关管可实现ZVS开通,副边整流二极管也为ZCS开关,因此可实现高效率运行。
通过对变换器输出功率从50 W到满载500 W进行测试,得出其效率变化如图13所示。可以看出,当系统处于满载(500 W)时的效率为94.1%,系统处于半载(250 W)时的效率为92.6%,整体上效率均在90%以上。
本文分析了当前海底观测网远程供电系统线路结构及恒流供电方式的优点,针对当前恒流转恒压装置面临的高效变换问题,提出1种采用分流调节器电路和DCX相级联的恒流转恒压变换器;同时,针对高电压差下的隔离检测问题,提出了基于该拓扑的间接控制策略。通过对该拓扑结构进行理论分析并对间接控制策略进行研究,搭建输入电流源为1 A、输出为375 V/500 W的恒流转恒压变换器进行实验验证。实验结果表明,该拓扑在间接控制策略下能够实现恒流源向恒压源稳定变换,同时在宽范围负载变换下能高效率运行。
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2025年第23卷第1期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.1.51
  • 接收时间:2022-03-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-01-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-11
  • 修回日期:2022-05-23
  • 录用日期:2022-05-30
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    1 中国船舶集团有限公司第七二二研究所低频电磁通信技术实验室,武汉 430205
    2 中国地质大学(武汉)自动化学院,武汉 430074

通讯作者:

刘庆(1977— ),男,硕士,研究员。研究方向:大功率电力电子与低频电磁通信。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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