Article(id=1153695642263216601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153695641046864317, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.28, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711296000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-25, revisedDate=1722182400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-29, acceptedDate=1723305600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-08-11, onlineDate=1752992075744, onlineDateStr=2025-07-20, pubDate=1727625600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752992075744, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752992075744, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752992075744, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153695641046864317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='330', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752992075453, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780969288, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004501661078352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153695641046864317, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004501661078353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153695641046864317, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=28, endPage=36, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153695644846907876, articleId=1153695642263216601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Wide-band Impedance Modeling Method for Common-mode Inductor Considering Frequency-dependent Characteristics, columnId=1153695644242923977, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Special Issue on Electromagnetic Compatibility in Power Electronic Systems, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The common-mode(CM) inductor is composed of windings and a magnetic core. Mn-Zn ferrite can be used as the magnetic core of CM inductor, and the frequency-dependent characteristics of its high-frequency parameters make the CM inductor exhibit non-linearity within a range of 150 kHz-30 MHz. It is difficult to accurately predict the impedance characteristics of the CM inductor in a high-frequency band due to the large deviation between the traditional lumped circuit model of CM inductor and the measured impedance characteristics. The effects of material parameters of the magnetic core and the winding scheme on the high-frequency impedance characteristics of CM inductor are analyzed, and the mechanism of magnetic material parameters and the winding structure affecting the distributed capacitance is described from the perspective of the distributed capacitance characteristics of CM inductor. A wide-band impedance simulation modeling method for CM inductor with the consideration of related frequency-dependent parameters of magnetic core was proposed, and its validity was verified by combining with the impedance test result.

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共模电感由绕组和磁芯组成,锰锌铁氧体可以作为共模电感的磁芯,其高频参数的频变特性使共模电感的阻抗特性在150 kHz~30 MHz内呈非线性。针对传统共模电感集总电路模型与实测阻抗特性存在较大偏差,难以准确预测共模电感在高频段阻抗特性的问题,分析磁芯材料参数与绕组绕制方式对共模电感高频阻抗特性的影响;从共模电感分布电容特性的角度阐述磁性材料参数与绕组结构对分布电容大小的作用机理;提出考虑磁芯相关频变参数的共模电感宽频段阻抗仿真建模方法,结合阻抗测试验证所提方法的有效性。

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连振珠(2000-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:EMI滤波器电磁特性。E-mail:2323542595@qq.com。

傅恺宁(1993-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士,讲师。研究方向:高频磁性元件电磁兼容与诊断。E-mail:fkn@xmut.edu.cn。

陈为(1958-),男,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子功率变换、高频磁技术、电磁兼容诊断与滤波器、电磁场分析与应用、电磁检测。E-mail:chw@fzu.edu.cn。

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连振珠(2000-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:EMI滤波器电磁特性。E-mail:2323542595@qq.com。

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连振珠(2000-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:EMI滤波器电磁特性。E-mail:2323542595@qq.com。

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傅恺宁(1993-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士,讲师。研究方向:高频磁性元件电磁兼容与诊断。E-mail:fkn@xmut.edu.cn。

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傅恺宁(1993-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士,讲师。研究方向:高频磁性元件电磁兼容与诊断。E-mail:fkn@xmut.edu.cn。

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陈为(1958-),男,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子功率变换、高频磁技术、电磁兼容诊断与滤波器、电磁场分析与应用、电磁检测。E-mail:chw@fzu.edu.cn。

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陈为(1958-),男,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子功率变换、高频磁技术、电磁兼容诊断与滤波器、电磁场分析与应用、电磁检测。E-mail:chw@fzu.edu.cn。

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考虑频变特性的共模电感宽频段阻抗建模方法
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连振珠 1 , 傅恺宁 1, 2 , 陈为 3
电源学报 | 电力电子系统中的电磁兼容专辑 2024,22(5): 28-36
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电源学报 | 电力电子系统中的电磁兼容专辑 2024, 22(5): 28-36
考虑频变特性的共模电感宽频段阻抗建模方法
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连振珠1 , 傅恺宁1, 2 , 陈为3
作者信息
  • 1 厦门理工学院 电气工程与自动化学院 厦门 361024
  • 2 厦门市高端电力装备及智能控制重点实验室 厦门 361024
  • 3 福州大学 电气工程与自动化学院 福州 350108
  • 连振珠(2000-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:EMI滤波器电磁特性。E-mail:2323542595@qq.com。

    傅恺宁(1993-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士,讲师。研究方向:高频磁性元件电磁兼容与诊断。E-mail:fkn@xmut.edu.cn。

    陈为(1958-),男,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子功率变换、高频磁技术、电磁兼容诊断与滤波器、电磁场分析与应用、电磁检测。E-mail:chw@fzu.edu.cn。

Wide-band Impedance Modeling Method for Common-mode Inductor Considering Frequency-dependent Characteristics
Zhenzhu LIAN1 , Kaining FU1, 2 , Wei CHEN3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen 361024 China
  • 2 Xiamen Key Laboratory of High-end Power Equipment and Intelligent Control Xiamen 361024 China
  • 3 College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
出版时间: 2024-09-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.28
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共模电感由绕组和磁芯组成,锰锌铁氧体可以作为共模电感的磁芯,其高频参数的频变特性使共模电感的阻抗特性在150 kHz~30 MHz内呈非线性。针对传统共模电感集总电路模型与实测阻抗特性存在较大偏差,难以准确预测共模电感在高频段阻抗特性的问题,分析磁芯材料参数与绕组绕制方式对共模电感高频阻抗特性的影响;从共模电感分布电容特性的角度阐述磁性材料参数与绕组结构对分布电容大小的作用机理;提出考虑磁芯相关频变参数的共模电感宽频段阻抗仿真建模方法,结合阻抗测试验证所提方法的有效性。

共模电感  /  分布电容  /  阻抗特性  /  仿真建模

The common-mode(CM) inductor is composed of windings and a magnetic core. Mn-Zn ferrite can be used as the magnetic core of CM inductor, and the frequency-dependent characteristics of its high-frequency parameters make the CM inductor exhibit non-linearity within a range of 150 kHz-30 MHz. It is difficult to accurately predict the impedance characteristics of the CM inductor in a high-frequency band due to the large deviation between the traditional lumped circuit model of CM inductor and the measured impedance characteristics. The effects of material parameters of the magnetic core and the winding scheme on the high-frequency impedance characteristics of CM inductor are analyzed, and the mechanism of magnetic material parameters and the winding structure affecting the distributed capacitance is described from the perspective of the distributed capacitance characteristics of CM inductor. A wide-band impedance simulation modeling method for CM inductor with the consideration of related frequency-dependent parameters of magnetic core was proposed, and its validity was verified by combining with the impedance test result.

Common-mode(CM) inductor  /  distributed capacitance  /  impedance characteristic  /  simulation modeling
连振珠, 傅恺宁, 陈为. 考虑频变特性的共模电感宽频段阻抗建模方法. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (5) : 28 -36 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.28
Zhenzhu LIAN, Kaining FU, Wei CHEN. Wide-band Impedance Modeling Method for Common-mode Inductor Considering Frequency-dependent Characteristics[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (5) : 28 -36 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.28
随着宽禁带半导体开关管的广泛应用, 功率变换器的开关频率、功率密度不断提高, 使开关过程产生严重的电磁干扰 EMI(electromagnetic interference),不仅影响自身电路的安全稳定运行[1-2],还可能以传导或辐射的形式影响周围电源设备的正常运行[3]
传导电磁干扰根据噪声传输路径可以进一步划分为共模 CM(common-mode)干扰和差模 DM(differential-mode)干扰。差模干扰主要由电路中的电流纹波引起, 其噪声路径相对简单明了, 且主导作用频率范围通常在$1\mathrm{{MHz}}$ 范围内,在实际工程应用中容易通过磁集成、多路交错并联等方式解决[4-5]。 共模噪声是经开关电位跳变对地的分布电容形成的位移电流, 由于噪声路径复杂多样, 作用频率范围$\left({1 \sim {30}\mathrm{{MHz}}}\right)$ 较广,是较难解决的问题,目前备受国内外学者的关注${}^{\left\lbrack 6\text{-}7\right\rbrack }$
共模电感由绕组和高磁导率的磁芯组成[8],本文以高磁导率锰锌铁氧体绕制的共模电感为例展开研究。由于锰锌铁氧体的相关参数 (如复数磁导率、复数介电常数等) 在${150}\mathrm{{kHz}}\sim {30}\mathrm{{MHz}}$ 范围内随频率变化较大,使得共模电感的阻抗特性在此频率范围内呈现非线性特性[9-10],造成共模电感的阻抗特性难以准确预测。因此,开展共模电感的宽频段阻抗仿真建模, 需找出高频段阻抗非线性特性的关键影响因素。针对共模电感阻抗特性的研究, 文献[11]提出采用部分元等效电路 PEEC (partial element equivalent circuit)的建模方法来分析共模电感在${150}\mathrm{{kHz}}\sim {30}\mathrm{{MHz}}$ 范围内的阻抗特性,并指明复数磁导率是影响共模电感高频阻抗特性的关键因素。由于复数磁导率在${150}\mathrm{{kHz}}\sim {30}\mathrm{{MHz}}$ 范围内存在较大变化, 使得共模电感量在此频率范围内也相应地存在较大变化[12-14]。此时,采用传统并联组合的集总电路高频模型难以准确表征共模电感的阻抗特性。文献[15]指出锰锌铁氧体磁芯的高介电常数会影响绕组和磁芯之间分布电容的大小, 进而影响共模电感等效并联电容的大小。综上分析,本文考虑磁性材料高频特性对共模电感阻抗的影响, 基于有限元仿真软件进行共模电感宽频段阻抗特性建模研究, 通过分析不同参数对共模电感阻抗特性的影响, 旨在精确预测共模电感在传导电磁干扰频段范围内的阻抗特性变化。
环形共模电感的绕组绕制方式可以分为两线分绕与两线并绕,本节对共模电感在这 2 种绕组绕制方式下的电磁特性进行分析。
两线分绕的共模电感是将$\mathrm{L}$ 线与$\mathrm{N}$ 线分别绕在磁芯两侧,要求两侧绕组的匝数相等、绕向相同。 此绕组绕制方式可以利用共模电感的漏感作为差模电感,实现差共模电感的集成。
图1为集成电感在共模与差模噪声激励下产生的磁力线分布,可见:共模激励下,两侧绕组产生的共模磁通在环形磁芯内部方向相同且相互叠加; 差模激励下,两侧绕组产生的差模磁通在环形磁芯内方向相反且相互抵消, 使得差模磁通需通过外部空气形成闭合回路。
两线并绕的共模电感是将$\mathrm{L}$ 线与$\mathrm{N}$ 线均匀并绕在环形磁芯上。如图2所示,由于共模噪声在$\mathrm{L}$ 线和$\mathrm{N}$ 线上的方向相同,使得磁芯内产生方向相同、相互叠加的共模磁通;由于差模噪声在$\mathrm{L}$ 线和$\mathrm{N}$ 线上的方向相反,使得差模磁通在磁芯内完全抵消。因此这种绕制方案仅产生共模电感分量,不存在差模电感分量。
综上分析, 两线分绕的共模电感不仅可以抑制共模噪声,还可以利用漏感来抑制差模噪声。为了减少分立差模电感的使用, 提高功率变换器的功率密度, 在实际工程应用中通常采用两线分绕的共模电感。本文主要针对两线分绕共模电感的阻抗特性宽频段建模展开研究。
图3为采用集总电路建模的共模电感高频等效电路模型,其中$L$ 为电感量, EPC 为等效并联电容, EPR 为等效并联电阻。如图4所示, EPC 是由磁芯的材料电容${C}_{\mathrm{M}}$ 、绕组匝间电容${C}_{\left({N - 1}\right)- N}$ 、绕组与磁芯之间的电容${C}_{N\mathrm{C}}$ 共同组成的 1 个复杂电容网络简化而成, 且三者中任意 1 项大小发生改变, 均会影响 EPC 的大小。
图5为共模电感的共模阻抗与差模阻抗实测曲线, 对比理想状态下的电感阻抗, 可以发现: 随着工作频率的增加,共模电感的阻抗特性在${300}\mathrm{{kHz}}\sim$ ${100}\mathrm{{MHz}}$ 范围内呈现非线性特性。这是因为共模电感绕组匝间、层间、绕组与磁芯之间均存在分布电容, 使得共模电感存在较大的等效并联电容, 从而影响共模电感高频阻抗的大小。此外,对比实测差、 共模阻抗曲线与采用高频等效电路模型拟合的差、 共模阻抗曲线可知: 集总电路建模可以较好地表征差模阻抗随频率变化的特性, 但对于共模阻抗特性表征却存在较大差异。这是因为共模磁通主要经过环形磁芯形成闭合回路, 使得磁路的磁阻大小受磁芯磁导率随频率变化的影响, 造成共模感量也随频率变化。因此,采用固定电感量的集总电路高频模型难以表征共模电感的宽频段阻抗特性。
研究影响共模电感高频阻抗特性的关键因素, 可以准确预测共模电感在宽频段范围内的阻抗特性, 节省仿真过程时间, 为仿真建模提供有力依据。 从磁芯参数及绕组绕制方式这两大因素对共模电感阻抗特性的影响进行分析。
锰锌铁氧体材料的初始磁导率较高且会随频率发生非线性变化, 磁导率频变特性会影响电感量, 从而使电感量也随频率变化, 因此需要测量锰锌铁氧体材料的磁导率随频率变化的特性。选用线圈阻抗测量法来提取环形磁芯的复数磁导率, 此方法对应的等效电路模型如图6(a)所示, 可见: 磁芯的磁导率随频率变化的特性间接体现在电感${L}_{\mathrm{S}}$ 随频率变化的特性上,${R}_{\mathrm{S}}$ 为磁芯与绕组的等效串联电阻。
锰锌铁氧体材料的磁导率可以用复数磁导率表示,即
$\mu ={\mu }^{\prime }- j{\mu }^{\prime \prime }$
式中,${\mu }^{\prime }$$\mu$ “分别为复数磁导率的实部与虚部,其分别代表磁能的储存与损耗。
根据复数磁导率与等效电路模型的阻抗关系, 串联等效电路阻抗$Z$ 与复数磁导率的实部、虚部可分别表示为
$ Z ={R}_{\mathrm{S}}+ \mathrm{j}\omega {L}_{\mathrm{S}}= \mathrm{j}\omega \frac{\mu {N}^{2}{A}_{\mathrm{e}}}{{l}_{\mathrm{e}}}$
${\mu }^{\prime }= \frac{{l}_{\mathrm{e}}{L}_{\mathrm{S}}}{{\mu }_{0}{A}_{\mathrm{e}}{N}^{2}}$
${\mu }^{\prime \prime }= \frac{{l}_{\mathrm{e}}{R}_{\mathrm{S}}}{{\mu }_{0}{A}_{\mathrm{e}}{N}^{2}\omega }$
式中:${R}_{\mathrm{S}}$${L}_{\mathrm{S}}$ 分别为串联等效电路的电阻与电感;$\omega$ 为角频率;$N$ 为线圈绕制匝数;${A}_{\mathrm{e}}$ 为磁芯有效截面积;${l}_{\mathrm{e}}$ 为磁路长度;${\mu }_{0}$ 为真空磁导率。
采用线圈阻抗测量法虽然可以有效提取铁氧体磁芯材料的复数磁导率, 然而当测量频率足够高时, 提取得到的复数磁导率信息可能存在误差。这是因为绕组匝间、绕组与磁芯之间存在等效并联电容${C}_{\mathrm{S}}$,如图6(b)所示,影响阻抗$Z$ 提取的有效性, 进而影响复数磁导率提取结果的正确性。
根据图3所示共模电感等效电路模型,可得共模电感阻抗谐振点对应的频率为
$ f =\frac{1}{{2\pi }\sqrt{L \cdot \mathrm{{EPC}}}}$
可知,谐振点频率$f$ 是由共模电感自身的感量与等效并联电容 EPC 共同决定的。
由于锰锌铁氧体磁芯的相对介电常数在${150}\mathrm{{kHz}}\sim$ ${30}\mathrm{{MHz}}$ 范围内均远大于20000,使得绕组与磁芯之间存在较大的分布电容。根据电容的决定式可知, 磁芯的介电常数越大, 绕组与磁芯之间的分布电容越大, 使得共模电感的等效并联电容 EPC 越大,造成共模电感的谐振点频率$f$ 减小,因此磁芯相对介电常数大小与$f$ 成反比。
图3共模电感高频等效电路可知, 发生谐振时共模电感的阻抗为 EPR,主要由绕组铜耗、磁芯损耗共同决定。由于铁氧体磁芯具有良好的导电性能, 使得锰锌铁氧体磁芯产生较大的涡流损耗, 电导率越高, 则涡流损耗越大。因此, 在仿真中增加铁氧体磁芯的体电导率, 则涡流损耗增大, 使得等效电阻 EPR 减小。
共模电感的绕组采用不同绕组绕制方式会影响分布电容与自身电感量的大小, 进而改变共模电感阻抗特性。本文重点关注绕组开口角度、绕组与磁芯间的距离这 2 个因素对阻抗特性的影响。
图7所示, 在相同条件下改变绕组的开口角度$\beta$ 可以发现:$\beta$ 越大,差模磁通越容易泄漏到空气,产生的漏感越大,即产生的差模电感量越大。由于共模磁通的路径在磁芯内部, 因此开口角度对共模电感量几乎无影响。同时,在绕组匝数固定的前提下,绕组开口角度的增大使绕组匝间的距离减小,则绕组匝间分布电容增大。针对差模阻抗,绕组开口角度的增大会影响等效并联电容 EPC 与其自身感量,造成差模阻抗谐振点频率$f$ 的改变。综上分析可得, 绕组开口角度的大小会影响差模分量全频段的阻抗值。
同理, 在保证共模电感绕组开口角度不变的前提下, 仅改变绕组与磁芯间的距离, 使各匝绕组与磁芯之间的分布电容值改变。根据分布电容的定义可知, 若绕组与磁芯之间的距离减小, 则绕组的分布电容增大,差模阻抗与磁通路径在磁芯内部的共模阻抗的谐振点频率$f$ 将减小。
基于第 3 节的分析, 磁芯的材料参数 (复数磁导率、复数介电常数及电导率等)会影响共模电感的电感分量$L$ 、等效并联电容 EPC 及等效并联电阻 EPR 的大小,进而影响共模电感的高频阻抗特性。
提取正确的复数磁导率对共模电感高频建模的准确性起关键性作用。基于 3.1.1 节的分析可知, 在采用线圈法提取磁芯复数磁导率的过程中, 会引入绕组与磁芯之间分布电容的影响, 从而影响复数磁导率提取的准确性。
测量采用的电感磁芯材料是由美国 Ferroxube 公司提供的 TX 系列环氧树脂涂层磁环, 其相对磁导率为 10000,产品编号为 TX32/19/13-3E10-M, 其中环形磁芯的外径为${32}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,内径为${19}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$,高度为${13}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$。测试的共模电感实物如图8所示,为了降低分布电容对磁导率提取结果的影响, 采用 1 匝的穿心磁环来进行复数磁导率的提取,${\mu }^{\prime }$${\mu }^{\prime \prime }$ 分别为测量所得复数磁导率实部与虚部, 可以发现二者在${100}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 以下基本保持恒定,而在${100}\mathrm{{kHz}}\sim$ ${100}\mathrm{{MHz}}$ 范围内存在较大幅度的变化。
采用 Maxwell 仅能进行准静态场仿真,即仅能考虑单一电场或磁场的作用。实际上, 共模电感不仅在绕组层间、绕组与磁芯之间因存在高频电场形成位移电流, 同时共模电感还因存在高频磁场而在各个导体上产生感应电动势。因此, 共模电感上的高频电场与高频磁场是相互作用的, 共同影响其自身的阻抗特性。基于此,本文采用 HFSS 射频仿真软件(仿真求解器能兼顾电场与磁场耦合的影响) 来分析不同因素对共模电感自身阻抗特性随频率变化的影响。为了验证本文所提共模电感宽频段阻抗特性建模方法的有效性,绕制如图9(a)所示的共模电感,并建立图9(b)相应 1:1 有限元仿真模型进行仿真验证, 其中实物与仿真模型均采用 4.1 节中的磁环尺寸参数,绕组采用直径为${0.4}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的漆包线绕制。
图10为不同相对介电常数对差模阻抗与共模阻抗的影响, 可见: 改变相对介电常数并不会影响共模感量和差模感量的大小; 差模阻抗与共模阻抗的谐振点频率$f$ 均随相对介电常数的增大而左移减小,这是因为增加相对介电常数会增加绕组与磁芯之间的分布电容, 进而增加整个共模电感的等效并联电容 EPC,使阻抗的谐振频率点左移。
图11为磁芯体电导率变化对共模电感阻抗特性的影响, 可见: 随着体电导率的增大, 铁氧体磁芯的电阻减小, 导致共模电感的等效并联电阻 EPR 减小,因此差模阻抗与共模阻抗在谐振点处的峰值均相应减小。
图12为不同开口角度下的阻抗特性仿真, 可见,在${150}\mathrm{{kHz}}\sim {10}\mathrm{{MHz}}$ 范围内,随着开口角度的增大,差模阻抗也相应增加,而共模阻抗并未改变。 这是因为开口角度的增大会增加共模电感的差模泄漏磁通,进而增加差模电感量,而共模磁通仅在环形磁芯内形成闭合回路,因此开口角度并不会影响共模阻抗的大小。同时,在固定匝数的前提下,增加绕组的开口角度, 会减少绕组的匝间距离, 进而增加差模电感的等效并联电容, 使得差模阻抗的谐振点频率$f$ 均随开口角度的增大而减小。
图13为绕组与磁芯间距离对共模电感阻抗的影响, 可见: 随着距离的增加, 绕组与磁芯之间的分布电容会相应减小,共模电感的等效并联电容 EPC 也相应减小,使共模阻抗与差模阻抗的谐振点频率$f$ 均右移增大。
由于共模磁通仅在环形磁芯内部形成闭合回路, 使得共模磁通分量受磁芯磁导率的高频特性影响较大,同时也使共模阻抗受磁芯高频特性的影响较大。而差模磁通主要经空气形成闭合回路,使得差模阻抗受磁芯的磁导率特性影响较小。基于以上影响因素分析, 结合提取的磁芯高频参数进行共模电感的差、共模阻抗仿真, 结果如图14所示。对比实测差模阻抗可见, 差模阻抗仿真的有效频率范围为${10}\mathrm{{kHz}}\sim {30}\mathrm{{MHz}}$;对于共模阻抗仿真,可以发现共模阻抗仿真的有效频率范围为${10}\mathrm{{kHz}}\sim {50}{\mathrm{{MHz}}}_{\circ }$
综上, 无论是共模阻抗还是差模阻抗, 其有效的预测频率范围均可完全覆盖整个传导电磁干扰关注的频率范围$\left({{150}\mathrm{{kHz}}\sim {30}\mathrm{{MHz}}}\right)$
本文研究了共模电感在高频段阻抗呈现非线性特性的影响因素, 明确各项因素对共模阻抗的作用方式, 通过仿真实现了共模电感阻抗特性的宽频段预测,具体结论如下。
(1)锰锌铁氧体材料的磁导率、介电常数及体电导率是使共模阻抗特性在高频段呈现非线性特性的关键影响因素。
(2)共模电感采用不同绕组绕制方式改变绕组等效并联电容 EPC, 进而影响共模电感的阻抗特性; 绕组与磁芯的距离会影响 EPC 的大小, 从而改变谐振频率点的位置。
(3)差模阻抗受磁芯材料高频参数的影响较小, 而共模阻抗受磁芯材料高频参数的影响较大。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51777036)
  • 厦门市自然科学基金资助项目(3502Z202372043)
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2024年第22卷第5期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.28
  • 接收时间:2024-03-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-25
  • 修回日期:2024-07-29
  • 录用日期:2024-08-11
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51777036)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51777036)
Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen, China(3502Z202372043)
厦门市自然科学基金资助项目(3502Z202372043)
作者信息
    1 厦门理工学院 电气工程与自动化学院 厦门 361024
    2 厦门市高端电力装备及智能控制重点实验室 厦门 361024
    3 福州大学 电气工程与自动化学院 福州 350108
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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