Article(id=1153695642196107736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153695641046864317, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.213, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1622044800000, receivedDateStr=2021-05-27, revisedDate=1630425600000, revisedDateStr=2021-09-01, acceptedDate=1631203200000, acceptedDateStr=2021-09-10, onlineDate=1752992075727, onlineDateStr=2025-07-20, pubDate=1727625600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752992075727, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752992075727, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752992075727, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153695641046864317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='330', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752992075453, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780969288, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004501661078352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153695641046864317, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004501661078353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1153695641046864317, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=213, endPage=219, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153695642602955227, articleId=1153695642196107736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Multi-dimensional Control of Power Supply Operation Energy in Cophase Power Supply System Based on RPC, columnId=1152281496049037440, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Power System, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To ensure the safe, reliable and economic operation of high-speed railway, a multi-dimensional control method for the power supply operation energy of high-speed railway cophase power supply system is proposed. The composition structure and power supply process of the power supply system are analyzed, and a power flow controller is used to compensate the power of the system, thus ensuring its stable operation. Combined with indicators such as three-phase imbalance degree and distortion of voltage and current waveforms, the optimal load model of operation energy is constructed to minimize the loss of transmission energy. Through the active and reactive power compensation for current in two power supply arms, the negative-sequence current is eliminated. A control strategy for the railway power conditioner is formulated, and the changes in the step-down transformer are obtained to ensure a stable DC-side voltage. Afterwards, a proportional integral controller is used to obtain the ideal value of current and get the control signal, thus realizing the multi-dimensional control of power supply operation energy. Simulation results show that the proposed multi-dimensional control method can improve the three-phase current balance degree and achieve an effect of voltage sharing stability.

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为确保高速铁路安全、可靠、经济运行,提出高速铁路同相供电系统供电运行能量多维控制方法。分析供电系统组成结构与供电过程,利用潮流控制器补偿该系统功率,确保系统稳定运行;结合三相不平衡程度、电压电流波形畸变等指标构建运行能量的最佳负载模型,使传输能量损失降到最低;经过对2个供电臂电流的有功与无功补偿,消除负序电流;制定铁路功率调节器控制策略,获得降压变压器变化情况,保障直流侧电压稳定;再使用比例积分控制器获取电流理想值,得出控制信号,实现供电运行能量多维控制。仿真实验证明,所提多维控制方法能提高三相电流平衡程度,达到均压稳定效果。

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崔晓(1979-),女,硕士,讲师。研究方向:电气安全技术。E-mail: cuixiao0112@163.com。

熊宇(1972-),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail: 87372660@qq.com。

柳贵东(1975-),男,博士。研究方向:图像处理技术。E-mail:2892131817@qq.com。

曾贵娥(1980-),女,通信作者,硕士,讲师。研究方向:工业过程计算机控制。E-mail:34849609@qq.com。

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崔晓(1979-),女,硕士,讲师。研究方向:电气安全技术。E-mail: cuixiao0112@163.com。

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崔晓(1979-),女,硕士,讲师。研究方向:电气安全技术。E-mail: cuixiao0112@163.com。

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熊宇(1972-),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail: 87372660@qq.com。

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柳贵东(1975-),男,博士。研究方向:图像处理技术。E-mail:2892131817@qq.com。

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柳贵东(1975-),男,博士。研究方向:图像处理技术。E-mail:2892131817@qq.com。

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曾贵娥(1980-),女,通信作者,硕士,讲师。研究方向:工业过程计算机控制。E-mail:34849609@qq.com。

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参数 数值
三相电压$/\mathrm{{kV}}$ 220
变压器变比 220:15
系统侧电压/kV 110
高压侧电感/mH 3
直流侧电容/mF 3
牵引网额定电压/kV 28.5
直流侧电压/V 1500
列车有功功率/MW 5.5
直流侧 PI 参数 0.1/10
超级电容电压最大值/V 2500
超级电容电压最小值/V 1900
), ArticleFig(id=1154032970890466245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642196107736, language=CN, label=表1, caption=仿真实验参数设置, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
三相电压$/\mathrm{{kV}}$ 220
变压器变比 220:15
系统侧电压/kV 110
高压侧电感/mH 3
直流侧电容/mF 3
牵引网额定电压/kV 28.5
直流侧电压/V 1500
列车有功功率/MW 5.5
直流侧 PI 参数 0.1/10
超级电容电压最大值/V 2500
超级电容电压最小值/V 1900
), ArticleFig(id=1154032970961769414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642196107736, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Statistics of train energy consumption obtained using different methods, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行驶路程/km 消耗能量/kWh
本文方法 文献[1]方法 文献[2]方法
20 12.1 13.4 15.1
40 24.2 28.9 29.4
60 36.5 38.2 44.8
), ArticleFig(id=1154032971037266887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1153695642196107736, language=CN, label=表2, caption=不同方法下列车能量消耗统计结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行驶路程/km 消耗能量/kWh
本文方法 文献[1]方法 文献[2]方法
20 12.1 13.4 15.1
40 24.2 28.9 29.4
60 36.5 38.2 44.8
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基于RPC 的同相供电系统供电运行能量多维控制研究
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崔晓 , 熊宇 , 柳贵东 , 曾贵娥
电源学报 | 电力系统 2024,22(5): 213-219
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电源学报 | 电力系统 2024, 22(5): 213-219
基于RPC 的同相供电系统供电运行能量多维控制研究
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崔晓 , 熊宇 , 柳贵东 , 曾贵娥
作者信息
  • 广东白云学院 电气与信息工程学院 广州 510450
  • 崔晓(1979-),女,硕士,讲师。研究方向:电气安全技术。E-mail: cuixiao0112@163.com。

    熊宇(1972-),男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail: 87372660@qq.com。

    柳贵东(1975-),男,博士。研究方向:图像处理技术。E-mail:2892131817@qq.com。

    曾贵娥(1980-),女,通信作者,硕士,讲师。研究方向:工业过程计算机控制。E-mail:34849609@qq.com。

Multi-dimensional Control of Power Supply Operation Energy in Cophase Power Supply System Based on RPC
Xiao CUI , Yu XIONG , Guidong LIU , Gui'e ZENG
Affiliations
  • Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Guangdong Baiyun University Guangzhou 510450 China
出版时间: 2024-09-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.213
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为确保高速铁路安全、可靠、经济运行,提出高速铁路同相供电系统供电运行能量多维控制方法。分析供电系统组成结构与供电过程,利用潮流控制器补偿该系统功率,确保系统稳定运行;结合三相不平衡程度、电压电流波形畸变等指标构建运行能量的最佳负载模型,使传输能量损失降到最低;经过对2个供电臂电流的有功与无功补偿,消除负序电流;制定铁路功率调节器控制策略,获得降压变压器变化情况,保障直流侧电压稳定;再使用比例积分控制器获取电流理想值,得出控制信号,实现供电运行能量多维控制。仿真实验证明,所提多维控制方法能提高三相电流平衡程度,达到均压稳定效果。

高速铁路  /  同相供电系统  /  运行能量  /  多维控制  /  铁路功率调节器

To ensure the safe, reliable and economic operation of high-speed railway, a multi-dimensional control method for the power supply operation energy of high-speed railway cophase power supply system is proposed. The composition structure and power supply process of the power supply system are analyzed, and a power flow controller is used to compensate the power of the system, thus ensuring its stable operation. Combined with indicators such as three-phase imbalance degree and distortion of voltage and current waveforms, the optimal load model of operation energy is constructed to minimize the loss of transmission energy. Through the active and reactive power compensation for current in two power supply arms, the negative-sequence current is eliminated. A control strategy for the railway power conditioner is formulated, and the changes in the step-down transformer are obtained to ensure a stable DC-side voltage. Afterwards, a proportional integral controller is used to obtain the ideal value of current and get the control signal, thus realizing the multi-dimensional control of power supply operation energy. Simulation results show that the proposed multi-dimensional control method can improve the three-phase current balance degree and achieve an effect of voltage sharing stability.

High-speed railway  /  cophase power supply system  /  operation energy  /  multi-dimensional control  /  railway power conditioner(RPC)
崔晓, 熊宇, 柳贵东, 曾贵娥. 基于RPC 的同相供电系统供电运行能量多维控制研究. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (5) : 213 -219 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.213
Xiao CUI, Yu XIONG, Guidong LIU, Gui'e ZENG. Multi-dimensional Control of Power Supply Operation Energy in Cophase Power Supply System Based on RPC[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (5) : 213 -219 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.213
高速铁路凭借节能、环保、高效、舒适和快捷等特征在运输行业的竞争中脱颖而出[1],缓解了我国因幅员辽阔、人口众多导致的运输需求与能力之间的矛盾,使我国高速铁路迈入令世界瞩目的大发展阶段。同时, 供电系统是高速铁路的关键构成部分, 其供电运行质量好坏对铁路安全与经济运行产生较大影响[2-3]
相关学者针对铁路建设进行研究,袁佳歆等。[4] 提出协同不平衡补偿方式 CUCM(collaborative unbalance compensation method)来降低补偿装置容量和成本, 结合 Steinmetz 原理确保 CUCM 可以稳定运行, 并根据列车实际运行状况对 CUCM 容量进行分析, 该方法实现了电流补偿, 降低了装置成本; 郑政等[5] 设计了 1 种多级协调式高速铁路能量管理系统 EMS(energy management system), 将整条线路牵引作为计算单元建立多协调 EMS,再构建中央 EMS、变电所 EMS 与车载 EMS,对系统功率与能耗进行控制; 叶宏等[6] 根据列车制动能量与牵引质量, 采用桥臂并联和单元并联的方式, 从能量调度、环流抑制 2 个方面实现列车供电系统运行能量的控制, 但是三相电的控制效果不佳。
因此, 本文在铁路功率调节器 RPC (railway power conditioner)基础上实现同相供电系统供电运行能量多维控制, 其关键在于应用此种调节器能够动态补偿供电系统的谐负序电流。谐负序电流是指当电网系统处于不对称运行状况时, 导致负载运行时的电流不对称, 此时, 系统电流不仅含有正序电流分量,还包含有负序电流分量和零序电流分量。使用本文方法以期提供较为稳定的直流电压, 在保证电压相位相同的情况下,使供电运行能量更加平稳。
同相供电具有供电线路简单方便、负载变化不影响三相供电的平衡及易于控制的特点, 因此高速铁路供电系统的外部电源通过沿线电力系统接入, 通常利用外部引进的独立电源对其供电, 以此确保运输可靠。同相供电系统基本构成如图1所示。
我国现有的铁路变电所供电方式通常为三相- 两相式, 包括 2 台牵引变压器。外部电源经过降压处理后供给牵引网, 牵引网直接对列车进行供电, 其由馈电线、接触网以及轨道回路构成。牵引网供电原理如图2所示。
在高速铁路同相供电系统中,其中一相电压${u}_{\alpha }$ 对列车进行供电,${u}_{\beta }$ 相电压则利用功率因数校正 PFC(power factor correction)[7],并将负载功率传输到${u}_{\alpha }$ 端,同时在${u}_{\alpha }$ 端对无功与谐波进行补偿,确保变压器功率平衡,使三相系统对称。
综合分析变流器容量与开关损耗等因素, PFC 一般在传递有功功率与补偿无功情况下工作。设 PFC 2 个端口的电压为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{u}_{\alpha }\left( t\right)= \sqrt{2}{U}_{1}\sin \left({\omega t}\right)\\{u}_{\beta }\left( t\right)= \sqrt{2}{U}_{1}\sin \left({{\omega t}- {90}^{\circ }}\right)\end{array}\right.$
式中:${U}_{1}$ 为电压基波有效值;$\omega$ 为角频率。此时馈线负荷电流可表示为
${i}_{\mathrm{L}}\left( t\right)= \sqrt{2}{I}_{1}\sin \left({{\omega t}- {\varphi }_{1}}\right)+ {i}_{h}\left( t\right)$
式中:${I}_{1}$ 为电流基波有效值;${\varphi }_{1}$ 为电流基波频率;${i}_{h}\left( t\right)$ 为谐波分量,其计算公式为
${i}_{h}\left( t\right)= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{n = 2}}^{{+\infty }}\sqrt{2}{I}_{n}\sin \left({{n\omega t}- {\varphi }_{n}}\right)$
式中,$n$ 为电流相位。
因此负荷侧所用的瞬时功率表示为
${s}_{\mathrm{L}}\left( t\right){u}_{\alpha }\left( t\right){i}_{\mathrm{L}}\left( t\right)= {U}_{1}{I}_{1\mathrm{p}}\left({1 -\cos \left({2\omega t}\right)}\right)- \\{U}_{1}{I}_{1\mathrm{q}}\sin \left({2\omega t}\right)+ {u}_{\alpha }\left( t\right){i}_{h}\left( t\right)$
式中:${s}_{\mathrm{L}}\left( t\right)$ 为馈线功率分量;${I}_{1\mathrm{p}}$${I}_{1\mathrm{q}}$ 分别为电流基波的有功分量和无功分量,${I}_{1\mathrm{p}}= {I}_{1}\cos {\varphi }_{1},{I}_{1\mathrm{q}}= {I}_{1}\sin {\varphi }_{1}$
利用 PFC 传输有功, 并在负载端对无功进行补偿, 则当变压器两侧端口电流仅含有有功分量时
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{i}_{\alpha }\left( t\right)= \sqrt{2}{I}_{\mathrm{{sr}}}\sin \left({\omega t}\right)\\{i}_{\beta }\left( t\right)= \sqrt{2}{I}_{\mathrm{{sr}}}\sin \left({{\omega t}- {90}^{\circ }}\right)\end{array}\right.$
式中,${I}_{\mathrm{{sr}}}$ 为负载端无功电流。
此时变压器 2 个端口输出的瞬时有功功率可表示为
${p}_{\mathrm{s}}\left( t\right)= {u}_{\alpha }\left( t\right){i}_{\alpha }\left( t\right)+ {u}_{\beta }\left( t\right){i}_{\beta }\left( t\right)- 2{U}_{1}{I}_{\mathrm{{sr}}}$
对系统损耗忽略不计,结合功率平衡理论,在某个电源周期$T$ 内,电源输出能量必须和负荷能量相同,即
${\int }_{0}^{T}{p}_{\mathrm{s}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t ={\int }_{0}^{T}{s}_{\mathrm{L}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t $
根据式(4)与式(7)可以得出
${U}_{1}{I}_{\mathrm{s}T}= \frac{1}{2}{U}_{1}{I}_{1\mathrm{p}}$
式中,${I}_{\mathrm{s}T}$ 为电源周期$T$ 内输出电流。因此有
${p}_{\alpha }= {p}_{\beta }= \frac{1}{2}{p}_{\mathrm{L}}$
式中,${p}_{\mathrm{L}}$ 为馈线负荷。
综上能够看出, 为确保供电系统稳定运行, 需通过潮流控制器对功率进行补偿, 确保变压器两端口输出负荷一半的有功功率。
在已知上述同相供电系统功率平衡条件状况下,构建最佳负载模型。该模型通过补偿使同相供电系统电压与电流满足目标函数与约束条件。其中性能指标包含一次系统三相不平衡程度、电压与电流波形畸变情况、电容利用率等。
负载包括感性、容性与阻性 3 种,其中阻性负载仅消耗有功功率[8],因此最佳负载模型通过补偿,使负载对于电源来讲仅相当于 1 个纯阻性负载, 这意味着电源仅提供有功功率, 而负载所需的无功功率均由补偿装置提供。一般情况下,电源向负载提供的能量分为 2 个部分,其中一部分被负载消耗,其余部分则在负载和电源之间来回交换。假设单位时间内负载消耗的能量属于有功功率,交换的能量属于无功功率, 交换的能量会增加电源负担, 此部分能量越大,传输损耗越高。因此在最佳负载模型中能量损失必定为最小值, 则最佳负载模型表示为
$\min ={\int }_{0}^{T}{i}_{\mathrm{p}}^{2}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t $
$\text{s.t}{\int }_{0}^{T}{u}_{\mathrm{f}}\left( t\right){i}_{\mathrm{p}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t ={\int }_{0}^{T}{u}_{\mathrm{f}}\left( t\right){i}_{\mathrm{f}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t $
式中:${i}_{\mathrm{p}}\left( t\right)$ 为广义瞬时有功电流;${u}_{\mathrm{f}}\left( t\right)$ 为牵引网电压;${i}_{\mathrm{f}}\left( t\right)$ 为牵引负载电流。
因为电能传输损失和电流的平方呈正比关系, 故式(10)目标函数表示传输损失最小,式(11)约束条件说明电源需要承担全部负载所消耗的有功功率。联立式 (10) 与式 (11) 求解可得
${i}_{\mathrm{p}}\left( t\right)= \frac{{\int }_{0}^{T}{u}_{\mathrm{f}}\left( t\right){i}_{\mathrm{f}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t}{{\int }_{0}^{T}{u}_{\mathrm{f}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t}u\left( t\right)= {Gu}\left( t\right)$
式中:$u\left( t\right)$ 为电源电压;$G$ 为比例常数,$G ={P}_{1}/{U}^{2}$,其中${P}_{\mathrm{L}}$$U$ 分别为有功功率与牵引网电压有效值。 则广义瞬时无功电流可表示为
${i}_{\mathrm{q}}\left( t\right)= {i}_{\mathrm{f}}\left( t\right)- {i}_{\mathrm{p}}\left( t\right)$
当补偿装置提供的电流为广义无功电流时, 电源供给的电流正好为广义有功电流, 补偿后的负载为纯阻性负载,这时传输能量损失降到最低。
在满足上述最佳负载模型的基础上, 从电流补偿、RPC 控制与储能装置控制 3 个维度对供电运行能量进行控制[9]
假设$\mathrm{C}$ 相是公共相,$\mathrm{A}$ 相电压表示相交基准, 则${\alpha }^{\prime }$ 供电臂与${\beta }^{\prime }$ 供电臂的电流计算公式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\dot{I}}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}= {I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-j\frac{\pi }{6}}\\{\dot{I}}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}= {I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-j\frac{\pi }{2}}\end{array}\right.$
式中:${I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}$${I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}$ 分别为${\alpha }^{\prime }$ 供电臂与${\beta }^{\prime }$ 供电臂基波电流有效值。
假设$V/x$ 牵引变压器变化比为${K}_{V/x}$,则电网侧的三相电流表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\dot{I}}_{\mathrm{A}}= \frac{{I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}}{{K}_{V/x}}{\mathrm{e}}^{-j\frac{x}{6}}\\{\dot{I}}_{\mathrm{B}}= \frac{{I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}}{{K}_{V/x}}{\mathrm{e}}^{-j\frac{x}{2}}\\{\dot{I}}_{\mathrm{C}}= -\left({{\dot{I}}_{\mathrm{A}}+ {\dot{I}}_{\mathrm{B}}}\right)\end{array}\right.$
通过式(15)可以计算出补偿前供电系统三相电压、电流,经计算发现补偿前会出现明显的负序分量。为提高控制效果, 必须对负序分量进行消除, 对两供电臂电流进行有功与无功补偿[10-11]
假设${\alpha }^{\prime }$${\beta }^{\prime }$ 供电臂分别为轻载侧与重载侧, 当供电系统装入铁路功率调节器后,轻载侧将对有功电流$\Delta {I}_{\alpha }= \left({{I}_{\alpha }- {I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}}\right)/2 -{I}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}$ 进行补偿,重侧载将获得有功电流$\Delta {I}_{\beta }= \left({{I}_{\alpha }- {I}_{\beta }- }\right)/2 -{I}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}$,经过补偿后,2个供电臂电流可表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\dot{I}}_{\mathrm{A}}= {\dot{I}}_{\mathrm{A}}- \frac{\Delta {I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}}{{K}_{V/x}}{\mathrm{e}}^{-j\frac{\pi }{6}}= \frac{1}{2{K}_{V/x}}\left({{I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}+ {I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}+ 2{I}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}}\right){\mathrm{e}}^{-j\frac{\pi }{6}}\\{\dot{I}}_{\mathrm{B}}= {\dot{I}}_{\mathrm{B}}- \frac{\Delta {I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}}{{K}_{V/x}}{\mathrm{e}}^{-j\frac{\pi }{6}}= \frac{1}{2{K}_{V/x}}\left({{I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}+ {I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}+ 2{I}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}}\right){\mathrm{e}}^{-j\frac{\pi }{2}}\end{array}\right.$
式中,${I}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}$ 为补偿的有功电流。
完成有功电流补偿后,$\mathrm{A}$$\mathrm{\;B}$ 两相电流的有效值相等,但电流仍然不能平衡。为此,在${\alpha }^{\prime }$ 供电臂补偿 1 个$\mathrm{A}$ 相电流${90}^{\circ }$ 的无功电流,在${\beta }^{\prime }$ 供电臂补偿滞后 B 相无功电流。补偿的无功电流计算公式为
${I}_{\mathrm{{Ar}}}= {I}_{\mathrm{{Br}}}= {I}_{\mathrm{A}}\tan {30}^{\circ }$
式中:${I}_{\mathrm{{Ar}}}$$\mathrm{A}$ 相补偿无功电流;${I}_{\mathrm{{Br}}}$$\mathrm{B}$ 相补偿无功电流;${I}_{\mathrm{A}}$$\mathrm{A}$ 相电流。
假设两供电臂瞬时电流分别表示为${i}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}$${i}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}$,有
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{i}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}= \sqrt{2}{I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}\sin \left({{\omega t}- \frac{\pi }{6}}\right)+ \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{h = 2}}^{\infty }\sqrt{2}{I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }h}\sin \left({{h\omega t}+ {\varphi }_{{\alpha }^{\prime }h}}\right)\\{i}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}= \sqrt{2}{I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}\sin \left({{\omega t}- \frac{\pi }{6}}\right)+ \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{h = 2}}^{\infty }\sqrt{2}{I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }h}\sin \left({{h\omega t}+ {\varphi }_{{\beta }^{\prime }h}}\right)\end{array}\right.$
(18)式中:${I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }h}$${I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }h}$ 分别为 2 个供电臂$h$ 次谐波电流有效值;${\varphi }_{{\alpha }^{\prime }h}$${\varphi }_{{\beta }^{\prime }h}$ 分别为 2 个供电臂$h$ 次谐波电流相位。
${\alpha }^{\prime }$ 的负载电流乘以电压同步信号,则存在
${i}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}\sin \left({{\omega t}- \frac{\pi }{6}}\right)= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}{I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}- \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}{I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}\cos \left({{2\omega t}- \frac{\pi }{3}}\right)+ \\\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{h = 2}}^{\infty }\sqrt{2}{I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }h}\sin \left({{h\omega t}+ {\varphi }_{{\alpha }^{\prime }h}}\right)\sin \left({{\omega t}- \frac{\pi }{6}}\right)$
根据式 (19) 得出, 其中分为直流与交流分量 2 个部分,同理获得${\beta }^{\prime }$ 供电臂负载电流乘以电压同步信号的结果。利用低通滤波器采集 2 个供电臂直流分量, 再加上储能系统补偿的有功电流, 获得补偿的整体有功电流
${I}_{\mathrm{A}}= {I}_{\mathrm{B}}= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\left({{I}_{\alpha }- {I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}}\right)+ \sqrt{2}{I}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}$
结合式(20),获得总补偿后的 2 个供电臂电流幅值表达式为
${I}_{\mathrm{A}}^{\prime \prime }= {I}_{\mathrm{B}}^{\prime \prime }= \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}{I}_{\mathrm{A}}^{\prime \prime }= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{3}}\left({{I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}+ {I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}+ 2{I}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}}\right)$
${I}_{\mathrm{A}}^{\prime \prime }\text{、}{I}_{\mathrm{B}}^{\prime \prime }$ 和三相电压中${\dot{U}}_{\mathrm{A}}\text{、}{\dot{U}}_{\mathrm{B}}$ 与锁相环生成的同步信号$\sin \left({\omega t}\right)\text{、}\sin \left({{\omega t}- {120}^{\circ }}\right)$ 相乘,获得完全补偿后的供电臂电流理论值${i}_{\alpha }$ . 及${i}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}$,即
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{i}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{3}}\left({{I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}+ {I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}+ 2{I}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}}\right)\sin \left({\omega t}\right)\\{i}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{3}}\left({{I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}+ {I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}+ 2{I}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}}\right)\sin \left({{\omega t}- \frac{2\pi }{3}}\right)\end{array}\right.$
则 RPC 2 个供电臂补偿电流参考值${i}_{r{\alpha }^{\prime }}$${i}_{r{\beta }^{\prime }}$ 的计算公式可表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{i}_{\mathrm{r}{\alpha }^{\prime }}= {K}_{\mathrm{{RPC}}}\left({{I}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}- {i}_{{\alpha }^{\prime }}}\right)\\{i}_{\mathrm{r}{\beta }^{\prime }}= {K}_{\mathrm{{RPC}}}\left({{I}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}- {i}_{{\beta }^{\prime }}}\right)\end{array}\right.$
式中,${K}_{\mathrm{{RPC}}}$$\mathrm{{RPC}}$ 降压变压器的变化情况。
通过铁路功率调节器对供电运行能量进行控制,保持了直流侧电压的稳定。为提高 RPC 变流器的响应速度,在原始电流基础上添加 1 个电压外环控制, 从 3 个维度进一步提高多维控制效果。
储能装置包括双向$\mathrm{{DC}}/\mathrm{{DC}}$ 变换器与超级电容,其中变换器为核心部分,电容利用变换器和 RPC 直流侧进行连接。通过对变换器的控制能够达到控制电能储存和释放的目的。对储能过程进行分析,具有良好的负荷调节性能。
为提高电能利用效率, 利用电流闭环控制方法对变换器进行控制。结合电容充放电功率的理想值${P}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}^{* }$ 获取电流期望值${I}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}^{* }$,将真实电流${I}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}$ 和理想电流${I}_{\mathrm{{ES}}}^{* }$ 进行对比,再将误差经过比例积分$\mathrm{{PI}}$ (proportional integral)控制器后获得控制信号。
经过$\mathrm{{PI}}$ 调整后的控制信号可形成双向变换器工作模式的脉冲信号, 如果电容需要吸收能量, 变换器会切换到降压模式,即 Buck 状态;若电容释放能量,变换器又会切换到升压模式。
为验证基于铁路功率调节器多维控制方法的有效性,在 MATLAB/Simulink 平台上进行验证。以北京一上海某高铁线路为研究数据, 该线路全长 1318 km,运行速度是${300}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$,历经 24 个车站。 为降低计算复杂度, 本文选取其中 2 站之间的线路数据,该段长${65}\mathrm{\;{km}}$,限速区间为${200}\sim {350}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$,运行时间为${20}\mathrm{\;{min}}$,允许时间误差是${39}\mathrm{\;s}$。实验中, 潮流控制器利用单相背靠背结构,列车使用恒电流源。潮流控制器的单相背靠背结构及仿真参数分别如图3表1所示。
首先本文方法对负序电流的消除效果进行实验, 利用式(15)计算得出补偿前的三相电流, 再利用负序电流补偿对两供电臂电流进行有功与无功补偿, 完成负序电流的消除, 补偿前与补偿后的电流分别如图4图5所示。
图4图5可以看出, 补偿前三相电流较混乱,不够稳定,经过对电臂电流的有功与无功补偿后,三相电流全部稳定在$\pm {50}\mathrm{\;A}$ 之间,并且波形稳定, 因此提高了三相电流的稳定性, 有效消除了负序。
在完成负序电流补偿后, 为进一步确定本文方法的可行性, 利用制定铁路功率调节器控制策略, 获得降压变压器变化情况, 检测直流侧电压是否稳定, 此外, 设置文献[1]、文献[2]方法为对照组, 进行直流侧电压对比分析,结果如图6所示。
图6可以看出, 本文方法获得直流侧电压始终保持在${1500}\mathrm{\;V}$,满足表1中的参数要求;文献[1]方法和文献[2]方法的直流侧电压分别保持在 1300~${1400}\mathrm{\;V}$${1150}\sim {1250}\mathrm{\;V}$,波动范围较大且不满足参数设置。因此, 本文方法控制性能较好, 从多个维度对能耗进行控制,能够达到均压稳定效果。
为验证本文构建的最佳负载模型是否能有效降低能量损失, 为能量控制提供依据, 分析列车消耗能量并进行对比, 使供电运行能量更加平稳, 能量消耗统计结果见表2
表2可知, 不同控制方法在行驶路程相同的情况下,本文方法列车能量总消耗为${36.5}\mathrm{{kWh}}$, 其他 2 种方法分别超出本文方法 1.7 和${8.3}\mathrm{{kWh}}$, 能量消耗均比本文高。并且本文方法在同样路程能量消耗较为固定,即每${20}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ 路程的能量消耗量基本为${12}\mathrm{{kWh}}$,而其他 2 种方法运行能量不够平稳,无固定规律。本文构建的最佳负载模型可使能量损失降至最低,为能量控制提供了依据。
在 3 种不同控制方法下, 根据列车消耗能量, 对供电运行能量误差进行具体分析, 对比结果如图7所示。可以看出, 相比文献[1]方法和文献[2]方法, 本文方法能在保证均压稳定的基础上, 使供电运行能量误差稳定在${0.13}\%$,误差低,是其他 2 种方法的 1/3。因此,本文方法减少了供电运行能量误差, 有效实现了供电系统供电运行能量的稳定控制。
本文提出了基于铁路功率调节器的供电运行能量多维控制方法。分别分析了负载电流补偿、变流器与储能装置 3 个维度的控制策略, 实现供电系统供电运行能量的稳定控制, 在确保列车稳定运行的同时, 还能提高经济效益。本文设计的控制方法不仅可以满足同相供电系统, 还适用于并网型逆变器与其他需要进行无功补偿的场合, 应用前景较为广泛。
  • 广州市科创委资助项目(201804010134)
  • 广东省教育厅特色专业资助项目(CXQX-ZL201901)
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2024年第22卷第5期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.5.213
  • 接收时间:2021-05-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-20
  • 出版时间:2024-09-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-27
  • 修回日期:2021-09-01
  • 录用日期:2021-09-10
基金
Guangzhou Science and Technology Innovation Commission Project(201804010134)
广州市科创委资助项目(201804010134)
Characteristic Specialty of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education(CXQX-ZL201901)
广东省教育厅特色专业资助项目(CXQX-ZL201901)
作者信息
    广东白云学院 电气与信息工程学院 广州 510450
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