Article(id=1154037270135956244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154037268550509325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.83, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1636819200000, receivedDateStr=2021-11-14, revisedDate=1650297600000, revisedDateStr=2022-04-19, acceptedDate=1653321600000, acceptedDateStr=2022-05-24, onlineDate=1753073526175, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1722268800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753073526175, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753073526175, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753073526175, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154037268550509325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='338', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753073525798, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780979931, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004546338804561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154037268550509325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004546338804562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154037268550509325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=83, endPage=91, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154037270551192343, articleId=1154037270135956244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Single Supply Nine-switch Double Boost Nine-level Inverter, columnId=1152281492488549232, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=DC-AC Inverters, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aimed at the problems in the existing nine-level inverter such as many devices and a complex modulation strategy, a novel switched capacitor nine-level inverter is proposed. The topology of this inverter is composed of only one single DC power supply, nine switches, two capacitors and two diodes, and it can output nine levels and double the boost at the same time. The voltages of capacitors are self-balancing, and the complex control algorithm and external voltage sharing circuit are not required. The phase disposition PWM strategy is adopted to modulate the inverter. The working states of four pairs of switches in the inverter are complementary, and the NOT gate logic circuit can be used to reduce the complexity of the modulation strategy. First, the topology and working principle of the inverter are analysed theoretically. Second, the modulation strategy is introduced in detail, and the advantages of this topology are introduced by comparing it with other nine-level inverters. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed topology and modulation strategy were verified based on the established simulation circuit and experimental platform.

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针对现有九电平逆变器存在使用器件较多且调制策略复杂的问题,提出1种新型的开关电容九电平逆变器,其拓扑仅需1个直流电源、9个开关、2个电容和2个二极管即可输出九电平,同时实现二倍升压。该逆变器具有电容电压自平衡的能力,无需复杂的控制算法和外部均压电路来维持电容电压平衡。采用多载波层叠调制策略对该逆变器进行调制,逆变器中4对开关的工作状态互补,可以使用非门逻辑电路来降低调制策略的复杂度。首先对该逆变器的拓扑结构和工作原理进行理论分析;其次,对调制策略进行了详细介绍,并将所提拓扑与其他九电平拓扑进行比较,介绍了该拓扑的优点;最后,搭建的仿真电路和实验平台验证了所提拓扑及调制策略的可行性和有效性。

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潘健(1962-),男,本科,教授。研究方向:控制理论与控制工程、计算机应用技术、电力电子与电力传动等。E-mail: 86146969@qq.com。

陈光义(1996-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:多电平逆变器。E-mail: chenguangyi1996@163.com。

熊嘉鑫(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:控制理论。E-mail: xiongjiaxin53@163.com。

刘雨晴(1997-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:系统辨识。E-mail: 931349230@qq.com。

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潘健(1962-),男,本科,教授。研究方向:控制理论与控制工程、计算机应用技术、电力电子与电力传动等。E-mail: 86146969@qq.com。

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潘健(1962-),男,本科,教授。研究方向:控制理论与控制工程、计算机应用技术、电力电子与电力传动等。E-mail: 86146969@qq.com。

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陈光义(1996-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:多电平逆变器。E-mail: chenguangyi1996@163.com。

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陈光义(1996-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:多电平逆变器。E-mail: chenguangyi1996@163.com。

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熊嘉鑫(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:控制理论。E-mail: xiongjiaxin53@163.com。

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熊嘉鑫(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:控制理论。E-mail: xiongjiaxin53@163.com。

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刘雨晴(1997-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:系统辨识。E-mail: 931349230@qq.com。

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刘雨晴(1997-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:系统辨识。E-mail: 931349230@qq.com。

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IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014. 61(12): 6672-6680., articleTitle=A step-up switched-capacitor multilevel inverter with self-voltage balancing, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154048199623958901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037270135956244, awardId=HBSEES201902, language=EN, fundingSource=Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System(HBSEES201902), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154048199686873465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037270135956244, awardId=HBSEES201902, language=CN, fundingSource=太阳能高效利用及储能运行控制湖北省重点实验室开放基金资助项目(HBSEES201902), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154048190975303843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037270135956244, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048190979498148, 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figureFileSmall=xBxb3LzGHIfy88zTVC1ioA==, figureFileBig=TnDvoejveX/VsfyH/yRAKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048198906732878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037270135956244, language=CN, label=图8, caption=动态实验波形, figureFileSmall=xBxb3LzGHIfy88zTVC1ioA==, figureFileBig=TnDvoejveX/VsfyH/yRAKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048198965453141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037270135956244, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Working states of nine-level inverter, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态 母线电压${v}_{\text{bus }}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ ${C}_{1}$ ${C}_{2}$
${\mathrm{E}}_{1}$ $+ 2{V}_{\text{in }}$ 1 0 0 1 0 放电 放电
${\mathrm{E}}_{2}$ $+ 3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 1 0 0 0 0 放电 放电
${\mathrm{E}}_{3}$ $+{V}_{\text{in }}$ 1 0 1 1 1 充电 充电
${\mathrm{E}}_{4}$ $+{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 1 0 1 0 0 放电 放电
${\mathrm{E}}_{5}$ 0 1 1 1 1 1 充电 充电
${\mathrm{E}}_{6}$ 0 0 0 1 1 1 充电 充电
${\mathrm{E}}_{7}$ $-{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 1 1 0 0 放电 放电
${\mathrm{E}}_{8}$ $-{V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 1 1 1 1 充电 充电
${\mathrm{E}}_{9}$ $- 3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 1 0 0 0 放电 放电
${\mathrm{E}}_{10}$ $- 2{V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 1 0 1 0 放电 放电
), ArticleFig(id=1154048199024173401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037270135956244, language=CN, label=表1, caption=九电平逆变器的工作状态, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态 母线电压${v}_{\text{bus }}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ ${C}_{1}$ ${C}_{2}$
${\mathrm{E}}_{1}$ $+ 2{V}_{\text{in }}$ 1 0 0 1 0 放电 放电
${\mathrm{E}}_{2}$ $+ 3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 1 0 0 0 0 放电 放电
${\mathrm{E}}_{3}$ $+{V}_{\text{in }}$ 1 0 1 1 1 充电 充电
${\mathrm{E}}_{4}$ $+{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 1 0 1 0 0 放电 放电
${\mathrm{E}}_{5}$ 0 1 1 1 1 1 充电 充电
${\mathrm{E}}_{6}$ 0 0 0 1 1 1 充电 充电
${\mathrm{E}}_{7}$ $-{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 1 1 0 0 放电 放电
${\mathrm{E}}_{8}$ $-{V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 1 1 1 1 充电 充电
${\mathrm{E}}_{9}$ $- 3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 1 0 0 0 放电 放电
${\mathrm{E}}_{10}$ $- 2{V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 1 0 1 0 放电 放电
), ArticleFig(id=1154048199082893661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037270135956244, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Voltage stress of switches, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${V}_{\text{bus }}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{1}}$ ${V}_{{\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{1}}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{2}}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{2}}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{3}}$ ${V}_{{\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{3}}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{4}}$ ${V}_{{\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{4}}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{5}}$
$+ 2{V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 $2{V}_{\text{in }}$ $2{V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0
$+ 3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 $3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ $3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$
$+{V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0
$+{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$
0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0
0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0
$-{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$
$-{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0
$- 3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ $3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 0 $3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$
$- 2{V}_{\text{in }}$ $2{\mathrm{\;V}}_{\text{in }}$ 0 0 $2{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0
), ArticleFig(id=1154048199162585443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037270135956244, language=CN, label=表2, caption=开关管承受电压应力, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${V}_{\text{bus }}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{1}}$ ${V}_{{\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{1}}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{2}}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{2}}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{3}}$ ${V}_{{\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{3}}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{4}}$ ${V}_{{\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{4}}$ ${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{5}}$
$+ 2{V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 $2{V}_{\text{in }}$ $2{V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0
$+ 3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 $3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ $3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$
$+{V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0
$+{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$
0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0
0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0
$-{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$
$-{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0
$- 3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ $3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 0 $3{V}_{\text{in }}/2$ ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$
$- 2{V}_{\text{in }}$ $2{\mathrm{\;V}}_{\text{in }}$ 0 0 $2{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\text{in }}$ 0 0 ${V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 0
), ArticleFig(id=1154048199233888613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037270135956244, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=Current stress of switches and diodes, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${i}_{\text{busm }}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ ${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{1}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ ${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{2}$ ${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{3}$
${i}_{\mathrm{{cm}}}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$
${i}_{\mathrm{d}1\mathrm{\;m}}$ ${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{4}$
${i}_{\mathrm{d}2\mathrm{\;m}}$ ${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154048199321968999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037270135956244, language=CN, label=表3, caption=开关和二极管承受电流应力, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${i}_{\text{busm }}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ ${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{1}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ ${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{2}$ ${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{3}$
${i}_{\mathrm{{cm}}}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$
${i}_{\mathrm{d}1\mathrm{\;m}}$ ${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{4}$
${i}_{\mathrm{d}2\mathrm{\;m}}$ ${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154048199384883563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037270135956244, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=Comparison of proposed topology with other nine-level inverters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项 电源 开关管 二极管 电容 工作状态 互补开关 对数 TSV
文献[12] 1 12 0 2 3 5.25
文献[15] 1 12 0 3 2 6.00
文献[16] 2 8 3 1 1 7.00
文献[21] 1 8 6 3 2 7.00
本文 1 9 2 2 4 5.75
), ArticleFig(id=1154048199447798125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037270135956244, language=CN, label=表4, caption=与其他文献所提九电平逆变器的比较分析, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项 电源 开关管 二极管 电容 工作状态 互补开关 对数 TSV
文献[12] 1 12 0 2 3 5.25
文献[15] 1 12 0 3 2 6.00
文献[16] 2 8 3 1 1 7.00
文献[21] 1 8 6 3 2 7.00
本文 1 9 2 2 4 5.75
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一种单电源九开关二倍升压九电平逆变器
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潘健 , 陈光义 , 熊嘉鑫 , 刘雨晴
电源学报 | DC-AC 变换器 2024,22(4): 83-91
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电源学报 | DC-AC 变换器 2024, 22(4): 83-91
一种单电源九开关二倍升压九电平逆变器
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潘健 , 陈光义 , 熊嘉鑫 , 刘雨晴
作者信息
  • 湖北工业大学 电气与电子工程学院 武汉 430068
  • 潘健(1962-),男,本科,教授。研究方向:控制理论与控制工程、计算机应用技术、电力电子与电力传动等。E-mail: 86146969@qq.com。

    陈光义(1996-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:多电平逆变器。E-mail: chenguangyi1996@163.com。

    熊嘉鑫(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:控制理论。E-mail: xiongjiaxin53@163.com。

    刘雨晴(1997-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:系统辨识。E-mail: 931349230@qq.com。

Single Supply Nine-switch Double Boost Nine-level Inverter
Jian PAN , Guangyi CHEN , Jiaxin XIONG , Yuqing LIU
Affiliations
  • School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
出版时间: 2024-07-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.83
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针对现有九电平逆变器存在使用器件较多且调制策略复杂的问题,提出1种新型的开关电容九电平逆变器,其拓扑仅需1个直流电源、9个开关、2个电容和2个二极管即可输出九电平,同时实现二倍升压。该逆变器具有电容电压自平衡的能力,无需复杂的控制算法和外部均压电路来维持电容电压平衡。采用多载波层叠调制策略对该逆变器进行调制,逆变器中4对开关的工作状态互补,可以使用非门逻辑电路来降低调制策略的复杂度。首先对该逆变器的拓扑结构和工作原理进行理论分析;其次,对调制策略进行了详细介绍,并将所提拓扑与其他九电平拓扑进行比较,介绍了该拓扑的优点;最后,搭建的仿真电路和实验平台验证了所提拓扑及调制策略的可行性和有效性。

单电源  /  开关电容  /  九电平逆变器  /  二倍升压  /  载波层叠调制

Aimed at the problems in the existing nine-level inverter such as many devices and a complex modulation strategy, a novel switched capacitor nine-level inverter is proposed. The topology of this inverter is composed of only one single DC power supply, nine switches, two capacitors and two diodes, and it can output nine levels and double the boost at the same time. The voltages of capacitors are self-balancing, and the complex control algorithm and external voltage sharing circuit are not required. The phase disposition PWM strategy is adopted to modulate the inverter. The working states of four pairs of switches in the inverter are complementary, and the NOT gate logic circuit can be used to reduce the complexity of the modulation strategy. First, the topology and working principle of the inverter are analysed theoretically. Second, the modulation strategy is introduced in detail, and the advantages of this topology are introduced by comparing it with other nine-level inverters. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed topology and modulation strategy were verified based on the established simulation circuit and experimental platform.

Single power supply  /  switched capacitor  /  nine-level inverter  /  double boost  /  phase disposition PWM
潘健, 陈光义, 熊嘉鑫, 刘雨晴. 一种单电源九开关二倍升压九电平逆变器. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (4) : 83 -91 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.83
Jian PAN, Guangyi CHEN, Jiaxin XIONG, Yuqing LIU. Single Supply Nine-switch Double Boost Nine-level Inverter[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (4) : 83 -91 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.83
多电平逆变器 MLI(multilevel inverter)与传统两电平逆变器相比, 其输出电压波形更接近正弦波, 可以减小输出总谐波畸变率$\mathrm{{THD}}$ (total harmonic distortion)[1-2],提升输出电能质量,降低对滤波器的要求, 且 MLI 还具有开关损耗少和电磁干扰低等优势, 被广泛应用于可再生分布式能源系统、电机驱动和分布式发电等领域[3-4]。传统 MLI 拓扑结构包括级联$\mathrm{H}$ 桥型$\mathrm{{CHB}}{\left(\text{ cascaded }\mathrm{H}\text{-bridge }\right)}^{\left\lbrack 5\right\rbrack }$、中性点钳位型 NPC(neutral point clamped)[6] 和飞跨电容型 FC(flying capacitance)[7]。在光伏和风力发电等新能源并网系统的应用场合, 传统 MLI 均不具备自主升压能力, 因此需要在前级增加升压电路, 这会使逆变器的体积增大, 成本增高。同时, 传统 MLI 所使用器件的数量会随着电平数量的增加而大大增加, 且调制策略也变得更加复杂。此外, CHB 输出电平数量由隔离直流电压源的数量决定, 这会限制其应用场合。$\mathrm{{FC}}$$\mathrm{{NPC}}$ 拓扑需要外部电路和复杂的控制算法来维持电容器的电压平衡[8-9]。针对传统 MLI 存在的不足, 国内外研究人员进行了一系列改进。为了减少传统九电平逆变器的器件数量,文献$\left\lbrack {{10}- {12}}\right\rbrack$$\mathrm{{NPC}}$ 拓扑的基础上提出了 3 种改进九电平拓扑, 减少了元件总数, 但这 3 种逆变器并未解决传统 MLI 不具备升压能力的问题, 且文献[10]中的逆变器为降压逆变器, 不适合前级需要升压电路的光伏、风能等新能源并网系统的应用。
开关电容型多电平逆变器 SCMLI(switched capacitor multilevel inverter)[13-16] 因具备升压、减少元器件的突出特性而备受关注, 其基本工作原理是利用开关电容 SC(switched capacitor)与输入电源进行串联放电或并联充电的形式来实现逆变器的升压及多电平的输出。基于 SCMLI 的工作原理,文献[13]提出 1 种使用器件较少的五电平逆变器, 同时电容电压自平衡, 然而其有限的五电平输出仍将产生较多的输出谐波; 文献[14]提出 1 种开关电容九电平拓扑, 进一步降低了输出谐波含量, 但使用了较多的开关和 SC 等组件; 文献[15]提出 1 种具备升压能力的开关电容九电平拓扑, 同时降低了控制方法的复杂度, 但同样使用了较多的开关和 SC 等组件; 为了减少开关电容九电平逆变器的器件数量, 文献[16]提出 1 种元器件总数更少的双输入源九电平开关电容逆变器, 实现了电容电压自平衡, 然而这种拓扑结构与传统$\mathrm{{CHB}}$ 拓扑存在同样的不足, 即需要 2 个直流输入源, 且该拓扑的调制策略较为复杂。
为了在使用单输入源的前提下进一步减少九电平拓扑的器件总数, 并降低调制策略的复杂度, 本文提出了一种单电源九开关二倍升压九电平逆变器。该拓扑结构仅使用 9 个开关管、 2 个二极管和 2 个开关电容即可实现二倍升压九电平输出。其中, 4 对开关工作状态互补, 调制简单, 降低了控制的复杂程度, 同时可实现开关电容电压自平衡。
本文所提单电源九开关二倍升压九电平逆变器拓扑结构如图1所示,其由直流输入电压源${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}$、 开关电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$、二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$、开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{i}$${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{i}\left({i = 1,2,3,4}\right)$${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ 组成。当${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 串联后与${V}_{\text{in }}$ 并联时,电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 均被充电至${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}/2$。通过${V}_{\text{in }}$ 与电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 串、并联组合及$\mathrm{H}$ 桥的导通方式, 所提逆变器可以输出$\pm 2{V}_{\text{in }}\text{、}\pm 3{V}_{\text{in }}/2\text{、}\pm {V}_{\text{in }}\text{、}\pm {V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 和 0 这 9 个电平。拓扑的 9 个开关中,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{i}$${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{i}$ 的工作状态互补, 简化了开关控制。
逆变器中各种功率器件的工作状态如表1所示, 其中包括开关的通、断状态及电容的充、放电状态。
本文所提九电平逆变器按照输出电平可以划分为 10 种工作状态,其正半周期的工作模态如图2(a)~(e)所示, 其中实线表示对输出负载供电的回路, 虚线表示输入直流源对电容器的充电回路。为了方便分析, 做出如下假设: 电路中功率器件均为理想器件, 不考虑通态电阻和正向导通压降; 开关电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 的容量足够大,工作过程中电容电压纹波为 0,电容器电压恒定为${V}_{{C}_{1}}= {V}_{{C}_{2}}= {V}_{\text{in }}/2$; 电路已经进入稳定状态。具体工作原理分析如下。
模态${\mathrm{E}}_{1}$ : 如图2(a)所示,开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{2}\text{、}{\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{3}$${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$ 导通,其余开关管处于关断状态。直流电源${V}_{\text{in }}$ 串联电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 对负载供电。此时输出电平${v}_{\text{bus }}$
${v}_{\text{bus }}= {V}_{{C}_{1}}+ {V}_{\text{in }}+ {V}_{{C}_{2}}= 2{V}_{\text{in }}$
模态${\mathrm{E}}_{2}$ : 如图2(b)所示,开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{2}\text{、}{\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{3}$${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{4}$ 导通,其余开关管处于关断状态。电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 并联同时与直流电源${V}_{\text{in }}$ 串联对负载供电。此时输出电平${v}_{\text{bus }}$
${v}_{\text{bus }}= {V}_{\text{in }}+ {V}_{{C}_{1}}= {V}_{\text{in }}+ {V}_{{C}_{2}}= \frac{3}{2}{V}_{\text{in }}$
模态${\mathrm{E}}_{3}$ : 如图2(c)所示,开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ 导通,其余开关管处于关断状态。直流电源${V}_{\text{in }}$ 对负载供电并与电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 并联,对电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 充电。此时输出电平${v}_{\text{bus }}$
${v}_{\text{bus }}= {V}_{\text{in }}$
模态${\mathrm{E}}_{4}$ : 如图2(d)所示,开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{4}$ 导通,其余开关管处于关断状态。电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 并联对负载供电。此时输出电平${v}_{\text{bus }}$
${v}_{\text{bus }}= {V}_{{C}_{1}}= {V}_{{C}_{2}}= \frac{1}{2}{V}_{\text{in }}$
模态${\mathrm{E}}_{5}$ : 如图2(e)所示,开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{2}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{3}$${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ 导通,其余开关管处于关断状态。直流电源${V}_{\text{in }}$ 与电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 并联,对电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 充电。此时输出电平${v}_{\text{bus }}$
${v}_{\text{bus }}= 0 $
由于所提逆变器负半周期的工作模态与正半周期的工作模态对称, 因此不再赘述。
由第 1.2 节对所提逆变器的分析和表1所示的开关管和电容状态可知,电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 在输出电压的 1 个周期内均交替工作在充电和放电状态。在输出$\pm 2{V}_{\text{in }}\text{、}\pm 3{V}_{\text{in }}/2\text{、}\pm {V}_{\text{in }}/2$ 时,电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 均与电源串联对负载放电; 在输出$\pm {V}_{\text{in }}$、 0 时,电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 串联后与电源并联,电源对电容进行充电。在输出电压的 1 个周期内,电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 放电量与充电量相等,电容电压均能动态保持在${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}/2$,并自动实现平衡。
表2为各个输出电平对应的开关管电压, 其中${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{i}}$${\bar{V}}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{i}}$ 分别为开关${\mathrm{S}}_{i}$${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{i}$ 两端的电压$(i = 1$,$2,3,4,5)$。例如,当输出母线电压${v}_{\text{bus }}= 2{V}_{\text{in }}$ 时,开关${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 的电压为$2{V}_{\text{in }}$,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ 的电压为${V}_{\text{in }}$, 开关${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{4}$ 的电压为${V}_{\text{in }}/2$,所有开关管电压之和为${5.5V}_{\mathrm{{in}}\circ }$
表3为开关和二极管的电流应力,其中${i}_{\text{busm }}$ 为输出母线电流的最大电流,${i}_{\mathrm{{cm}}}$ 为电容器的最大充电电流,${i}_{\mathrm{d}1\mathrm{\;m}}$${i}_{\mathrm{d}2\mathrm{\;m}}$ 分别为${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 的最大放电电流。例如,承受电流应力为${i}_{\text{busm }}$ 的开关为${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{2}$${\overline{\mathrm{S}}}_{3}$
多载波 PWM 有许多调制方法, 如电平移位脉宽调制 LS-PWM(level shift-PWM)[17] 和移相脉宽调制 PS-PWM(phase shift-PWM)[18]。然而,对于具有$N$ 个电平的 MLI, LS-PWM 和 PS-PWM 均需要$N - 1$ 个载波, 且需要更复杂的逻辑控制策略。为了简化调制策略,本文采用载波层叠法 PD-PWM(phase disposition PWM)[19-20] 来生成九电平逆变器开关的触发脉冲。
图3(a)所示,载波${e}_{1}\text{、}{e}_{2}\text{、}{e}_{3}\text{、}{e}_{4}$ 上下依次层叠,其具有相同的频率和幅值。正弦调制信号波形${e}_{\mathrm{s}}= {A}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}\sin \left({2\pi }\right){f}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}t$ 与这些载波共享同一时间轴。其中,${A}_{\text{ref }}$ 为正弦信号波形的幅值,$\left|{A}_{\text{ref }}\right|< 4\left|{A}_{\mathrm{c}}\right|,{A}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 为载波辐值,${f}_{\text{ref }}$ 为正弦信号调制波的频率。
图3(b)所示,将调制波${e}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 与载波${e}_{k}(k = 1,2,3$, 4)进行比较,可以得到 5 个原始脉冲波形${P}_{0}\sim {P}_{5}$,再根据表1中开关状态设计${P}_{0}\sim {P}_{5}$ 的控制逻辑电路, 即可得到开关${\mathrm{S}}_{i}\left({i = 1,2,3,4,5}\right)$ 的驱动信号${V}_{\mathrm{{GSl}}}\sim$ ${V}_{\mathrm{{GS}}5}$。该九电平逆变器有 4 对开关工作状态互补, 因此可以使用非门简化控制逻辑电路。最后, 调制比$M$ 由参考正弦信号波形${e}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 的幅值与载波的幅值之比决定,即
$ M =\frac{\left|{A}_{\text{ref }}\right|}{4\left|{A}_{\mathrm{c}}\right|} $
为了验证所提拓扑使用器件较少及调制策略简单的特点, 将其与近年来提出的九电平逆变器进行了比较。根据直流源数量、开关管数量、离散二极管数量、开关电容数量、工作状态互补开关对数和总驻电压应力 TSV(total standing voltage)进行比较。其中, TSV 可表示为
$\mathrm{{TSV}}= \frac{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{n}{V}_{\mathrm{b}\_ \mathrm{{sw}}, i}+ \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{j = 1}}^{m}{V}_{\mathrm{b}\_ \mathrm{d}, j}}{{V}_{\mathrm{o}\_ \max }}$
式中,${V}_{\mathrm{b}\_ \mathrm{{sw}}, i}$${V}_{\mathrm{b}\_ \mathrm{d}, j}$ 分别为拓扑中每个开关和二极管的最大阻断电压;${V}_{\mathrm{o}\_ \max }$ 为最大输出峰值电压。表4为所提九电平拓扑与其他文献所提九电平拓扑的比较。
表4可以看出, 文献[12]和文献[15]中提出的拓扑在实现九电平输出时, 使用的开关管数量均比本文拓扑多 3 个,且文献[15]拓扑的电容器数量比本文多 1 个;文献[16]拓扑的器件总数与本文相同, 然而其九电平逆变器需要 2 个输入直流源, 这限制了其应用场合; 文献[21]中拓扑的开关管数量比本文拓扑少 1 个, 但该拓扑的二极管数量比本文多 4 个, 且电容比本文多 1 个。根据 TSV 对比结果可知, 本文所设计拓扑 TSV 较低。此外, 由表1表4可知, 本文拓扑的 9 个开关中, 有 4 对开关工作状态互补, 与对比文献相比, 调制策略更加简单。
为了验证单电源九开关二倍升压九电平逆变器及其 PD-PWM 调制策略的有效性, 在 Simulink 仿真平台搭建仿真电路, 主要仿真参数: 输入电压${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {50}\mathrm{\;V}$,调制比$M ={0.9}$,负载${Z}_{1}= {40\Omega }$,负载${Z}_{2}= {40\Omega }+ {40}\mathrm{{mH}}$,开关电容${C}_{1}= {C}_{2}= 2\mathrm{{mF}}$,滤波电容${C}_{\mathrm{f}}= {10\mu }\mathrm{F}$,滤波电感${L}_{\mathrm{f}}= {1.1}\mathrm{{mH}}$,开关频率${f}_{\mathrm{s}}= {10}\mathrm{{kHz}}$,正弦调制波频率${f}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}= {50}\mathrm{{Hz}}$
图4图5分别为所提逆变器的稳态和动态仿真结果。如图4(a)所示, 当逆变器负载为纯阻性时, 输出母线电压${v}_{\text{bus }}$ 波形为九电平阶梯波,且输出电流${i}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 与输出电压${v}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 的相位相同,同时,输出电压的幅值约等于直流输入电压幅值的 2 倍。如图4(b)所示,当逆变器负载为阻感性时,输出电压${v}_{0}$ 波形与输出电流${i}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 波形之间存在明显的相位差,这说明该逆变器具备带感性负载的能力。由图4(c)可以看出,当逆变器进入稳态后,电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 两端的电压在每个周期内自平衡, 因此该逆变器不需要额外的均衡电路和复杂调制算法来平衡电容电压。
图5证明了该拓扑动态性能良好。图5(a)为在阻性负载${Z}_{1}$ 下,当调制比$M$ 变化时,所提拓扑的输出动态变化波形。随着调制比从 0.2 逐渐增加到 1.0,母线电压${v}_{\text{bus }}$ 从三电平变为五电平、七电平、 九电平。图5(b)为当负载由空载突变到阻性负载${Z}_{1}$ 时,母线电压${v}_{\text{bus }}$、输出电压${v}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 和输出电流${i}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 的波形, 可以看出在突加负载的情况下, 输出电压保持稳定, 输出电流能够平滑过渡。
值得注意的是, 本文所设计九电平拓扑的输出功率受到开关电容的最大充电电流限制。其根本原因在于, 开关电容串联于电路时放电, 放电量取决于放电时间及为负载提供的功率;当在下一个状态进行充电时,由于${i}_{\mathrm{c}}= C\mathrm{\;d}u/\mathrm{d}t$ (其中${i}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 为电容充电电流,$C$ 为电容容量,$u$ 为电容两端电压),前一个状态的放电量越多, 此时的充电电流越大, 为了避免较大的充电电流危害设备安全,必须将充电电流维持在安全范围内。由此可见, 本文拓扑输出功率的大小受限于开关电容的充电电流, 这也是所有基于开关电容型逆变器功率提升的重要限制。具体而言, 本文所设计的拓扑的功率工作允许范围确定步骤: 首先利用仿真测算确定开关电容充电电流最大值${i}_{\mathrm{{cm}}}$ 与输出功率${P}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 间的正相关曲线,如图6所示。
在进行实物设计时通常会保留一定的安全裕度, 使流过开关管的电流在安全范围内, 其中电容充电电流最大值${i}_{\mathrm{{cm}}}$ 与开关管所能承受最大电流${I}_{\mathrm{{sm}}}$ 满足
${i}_{\mathrm{{cm}}}\leq \alpha {I}_{\mathrm{{sm}}}$
式中,$\alpha$ 为裕度系数,$0 \leq \alpha \leq 1$。在实验验证中, 选用型号为 IXFH80N65X2 的开关管, 可以根据其数据手册找到该型号开关所能承受最大电流${I}_{\mathrm{{sm}}}$。 取裕度系数$\alpha ={0.5}$,得到允许的最大充电电流,根据${i}_{\mathrm{{cm}}}$${P}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 间的正相关曲线得到输出功率。
为进一步验证所提拓扑的可行性, 搭建九电平逆变器实验原型。实验参数:${C}_{1}= {C}_{2}= 2\mathrm{{mF}}$,滤波电容${C}_{\mathrm{f}}= {10\mu }\mathrm{F}$,滤波电感${L}_{\mathrm{f}}= {1.1}\mathrm{{mH}}$,系统直流侧电压为${50}\mathrm{\;V}$,调制比$M ={0.9}$,负载为${40\Omega }$,开关频率${f}_{\mathrm{s}}= {10}\mathrm{{kHz}}$。稳态和动态实验波形,分别如图7图8所示。
图7(a)所示, 在纯阻性负载下, 所提九电平逆变器拓扑的输出电压和输出电流相位相同。图7(b)为主电路中 2 个 SC 两端的直流电压波形, 实验情况与仿真类似, 电压波动较小, 且电容电压在每个周期内充、放电平衡。
当调制比动态变化时, 在图8(a)中, 当调制比从 0.1 增加到 0.7 时, 输出母线电压由三电平输出过渡到七电平输出, 输出电平增加时, 输出波形保持稳定;图8(b)为调制比从 0.9 减少到 0.3 的动态变化情况, 此时输出母线电压对应电平从九电平输出过渡到五电平输出, 当输出电平减少时, 输出波形依旧稳定;图8(c)为所提九电平$\mathrm{{SC}}$ 逆变器负载突然变化下的实验结果, 当突减负载时, 输出母线电压稳定不变,输出电流过渡平滑。
本文提出 1 种使用器件较少的二倍升压开关电容九电平逆变器, 该逆变器中的 4 对开关工作状态互补, 可以简化调制策略。首先, 对该逆变器的拓扑结构、工作原理、电容电压自平衡和开关电压应力进行了理论分析; 其次, 对调制策略进行了详细介绍, 并将所提拓扑与部分其他开关电容九电平拓扑进行比较, 验证了该逆变器使用器件较少和调制策略简单的特点; 最后, 搭建单电源九开关二倍升压九电平逆变器的仿真模型和实验模型, 验证了理论分析的正确性, 仿真和实验结果表明, 所提逆变器的稳态性能与动态性能良好。
需要说明的是, 本文重点为简化拓扑结构和调制策略, 但尚未对所提拓扑进行对 EMC 影响的仿真分析与实验验证。
  • 太阳能高效利用及储能运行控制湖北省重点实验室开放基金资助项目(HBSEES201902)
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2024年第22卷第4期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.83
  • 接收时间:2021-11-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-14
  • 修回日期:2022-04-19
  • 录用日期:2022-05-24
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Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System(HBSEES201902)
太阳能高效利用及储能运行控制湖北省重点实验室开放基金资助项目(HBSEES201902)
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    湖北工业大学 电气与电子工程学院 武汉 430068
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