Article(id=1154037281645122369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154037268550509325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.29, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1641916800000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-12, revisedDate=1646323200000, revisedDateStr=2022-03-04, acceptedDate=1649779200000, acceptedDateStr=2022-04-13, onlineDate=1753073528919, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1722268800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753073528919, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753073528919, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753073528919, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154037268550509325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='338', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753073525798, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780979931, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004546338804561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154037268550509325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004546338804562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154037268550509325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=29, endPage=39, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154037282454623044, articleId=1154037281645122369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Dual-switch Quadratic High-gain DC-DC Converter with Coupled Inductor, columnId=1152281491305755501, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=DC-DC Converters, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Under the background of energy crisis and environmental issues, the high-gain DC-DC converter is indispensable in renewable energy applications. A dual-switch quadratic structure is proposed to enhance the voltage gain of the traditional quadratic boost converter while reducing the current stress of switches. On this basis, by combining the switched capacitors and a coupled inductor, a dual-switch quadratic high-gain DC-DC converter with a couple inductor is put forward. This converter has advantages such as a very high voltage gain, a pair of switches with the same phase, low voltage stress of switches and output diode, and zero-current switching off in many diodes. The operating principle and steady-state performance of the converter are analyzed in detail, including the voltage gain derivation and the voltage and current stresses of components. Finally, a 120 W prototype was fabricated to verify the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the converter.

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在能源危机和环境问题的背景下,高电压增益的DC-DC变换器成为利用可再生新能源不可或缺的环节。基于此,提出1种双开关二次型结构,使传统的二次型 Boost 变换器的电压增益得到有效提升,且降低了开关管的电流应力。结合开关电容和耦合电感,提出1种电压增益极高的双开关二次型结构耦合电感高增益DC-DC变换器。该变换器具有电压增益高、2个开关管同相、开关管和输出二极管电压应力低和多个二极管实现零电流关断的优点。详细分析了变换器的运行原理和稳态性能,包括电压增益推导、元器件电压电流应力等。制作了1款120W样机,验证了理论分析的正确性和变换器的可行性。

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程诗伟(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流微电网和高电压增益DC-DC变换器。E-mail: 852157774@qq.com。

赵世伟(1977-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:特种电机的设计及控制、直流微电网。E-mail: epswzhao@scut.edu.cn。

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程诗伟(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流微电网和高电压增益DC-DC变换器。E-mail: 852157774@qq.com。

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程诗伟(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流微电网和高电压增益DC-DC变换器。E-mail: 852157774@qq.com。

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赵世伟(1977-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:特种电机的设计及控制、直流微电网。E-mail: epswzhao@scut.edu.cn。

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赵世伟(1977-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:特种电机的设计及控制、直流微电网。E-mail: epswzhao@scut.edu.cn。

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Journal of Power Supply, 2019. 17(6): 41-49 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=High-gain interleaved coupled-inductor DC/DC converter, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154048242300998171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, awardId=2018A0303130221, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A0303130221), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154048242359718429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, awardId=2018A0303130221, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省自然科学基金资助项目(2018A0303130221), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154048235363619111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048235372007720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, companyId=1154048235363619111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154048236592550194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, companyId=1154048235363619111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=华南理工大学 电力学院 广州 510641)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154048240145125834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Quadratic Boost converter, and dual-switch quadratic Boost converters I and II, figureFileSmall=RRRwRfxPOxq90mw2DTLPfw==, figureFileBig=JI5aXQjc43HOvBguwS6Eog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048240220623309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=CN, label=图1, caption=二次型 Boost 变换器和双开关二次型结构的 Boost 变换器 I & II, figureFileSmall=RRRwRfxPOxq90mw2DTLPfw==, figureFileBig=JI5aXQjc43HOvBguwS6Eog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048240279343568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Dual-switch quadratic high-gain DC-DC converter with coupled inductor, figureFileSmall=ggUP7bbRadWc+vgWA8RKbA==, figureFileBig=MlqN147Un5ki9q8dLX/fiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048240388395474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=CN, label=图2, caption=双开关二次型结构的耦合电感高增益 DC-DC 变换器, figureFileSmall=ggUP7bbRadWc+vgWA8RKbA==, figureFileBig=MlqN147Un5ki9q8dLX/fiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048240497447384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Operation waveforms of main components in the proposed converter, figureFileSmall=MisWSPij1ytvNnxYVfurUg==, figureFileBig=95HDd7HGvVJ1CGvEiBaFKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048240560361949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=CN, label=图3, caption=变换器主要元器件工作波形, figureFileSmall=MisWSPij1ytvNnxYVfurUg==, figureFileBig=95HDd7HGvVJ1CGvEiBaFKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048240635859425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Equivalent circuits of the proposed converter in 8 modes, figureFileSmall=hCsMmxebrjgoaqBEcFgVZg==, figureFileBig=fkp7K8njdai0Z7K7eQZPxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048240744911338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=CN, label=图4, caption=变换器 8 个模态的等效电路, figureFileSmall=hCsMmxebrjgoaqBEcFgVZg==, figureFileBig=fkp7K8njdai0Z7K7eQZPxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048240824603118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Theoretical voltage gain curves of the proposed converter at different turns ratios, figureFileSmall=mw5hcpo7hWwnIKPFFHS0uw==, figureFileBig=O94m/pV6P2ZEMQzl2JvKyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048240971403765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=CN, label=图5, caption=变换器在不同匝比下的理论电压增益曲线, figureFileSmall=mw5hcpo7hWwnIKPFFHS0uw==, figureFileBig=O94m/pV6P2ZEMQzl2JvKyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048241134981624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Theoretical voltage gain curves at different turns ratios for the proposed converter and similar converters, figureFileSmall=NB6dOSs2x5OKWBdnhuS6BQ==, figureFileBig=nJ5RjKR2Jccca9mCWDhjuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048241189507580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=CN, label=图6, caption=同类型变换器与所提变换器在不同匝比下的理论电压增益曲线, figureFileSmall=NB6dOSs2x5OKWBdnhuS6BQ==, figureFileBig=nJ5RjKR2Jccca9mCWDhjuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048241244033537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Prototype of the proposed converter, figureFileSmall=Zf1hipFuWYHLclELuAr8XQ==, figureFileBig=TgVq9mnipeXzzEAF9TQa2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048241302753795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=CN, label=图7, caption=所提变换器实验样机, figureFileSmall=Zf1hipFuWYHLclELuAr8XQ==, figureFileBig=TgVq9mnipeXzzEAF9TQa2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048241357279749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Experimental waveforms of fundamental devices, figureFileSmall=Oqh0pyMHFHfdcwz1ZNqmrA==, figureFileBig=NnzW+wG2jnOBj0caMmvLVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048241428582920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=CN, label=图8, caption=基本元器件的实验波形, figureFileSmall=Oqh0pyMHFHfdcwz1ZNqmrA==, figureFileBig=NnzW+wG2jnOBj0caMmvLVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048241592160780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Voltage and current waveforms of ${\mathbf{D}}_{1}$ and ${\mathbf{D}}_{2}$ under different values of ${C}_{1}$ and ${C}_{2}$, figureFileSmall=JYQB/Wrw/fJxTIoJyWaS3Q==, figureFileBig=T9lVZvMuVH3nJcCD+sCzgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048241713795598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同 ${C}_{1},{C}_{2}$ 电容值条件下二极管 ${\mathbf{D}}_{1}$ 和 ${\mathbf{D}}_{2}$ 的电压、 电流波形, figureFileSmall=JYQB/Wrw/fJxTIoJyWaS3Q==, figureFileBig=T9lVZvMuVH3nJcCD+sCzgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048241789293072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Comparation of the proposed converter with similar converters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文献 电压增益$M$ ${M}_{\max }$ 开关管 数量/个 二级管 数量/个 电容 数量/个 电感 数量/个 ${V}_{\mathrm{{Sw}}}/{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{{Do}}}/{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\text{D-av }}/{V}_{\text{in }}$
本文 $\frac{{2n}+ 3 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ 30 2 5 5 2 $\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ $\frac{2}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ $\frac{{4n}+ 8 -{2D}}{5{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$
文献[3] $\frac{{2n}+ {3nD}+ 2 - D}{2{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ 17 1 6 5 2 $\frac{2 + D\left({n - 1}\right)}{2{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ $\frac{n}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ $\frac{\left({3 + D}\right) n + 2 - D}{6{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$
文献[22] $\frac{{2n}+ 1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ 22 2 5 5 2 $\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ $\frac{2n}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ $\frac{{4n}+ 4 -{2D}}{5{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$
文献[23] $\frac{{2n}+ 4 - D\left({1 + n}\right)}{1 - D}$ 13 1 8 8 1 $\frac{1}{1 - D}$ $\frac{{2n}- D\left({1 + n}\right)}{1 - D}$ $\frac{{4n}+ 5 -{nD}- D}{8\left({1 - D}\right)}$
文献[24] $\frac{n + 2 + D\left({1 + n}\right)}{1 - D}$ 11 1 4 5 2 $\frac{1}{1 - D}$ $\frac{1 + n}{1 - D}$ $\frac{{3n}+ 4}{4\left({1 - D}\right)}$
文献[25] $\frac{2 +{3n}}{1 - D}$ 16 2 5 5 2 $\frac{1}{1 - D}$ $\frac{2n}{1 - D}$ $\frac{{6n}+ 3}{5\left({1 - D}\right)}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154048241898344977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=CN, label=表1, caption=所提变换器与同类型变换器的对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文献 电压增益$M$ ${M}_{\max }$ 开关管 数量/个 二级管 数量/个 电容 数量/个 电感 数量/个 ${V}_{\mathrm{{Sw}}}/{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{{Do}}}/{V}_{\text{in }}$ ${V}_{\text{D-av }}/{V}_{\text{in }}$
本文 $\frac{{2n}+ 3 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ 30 2 5 5 2 $\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ $\frac{2}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ $\frac{{4n}+ 8 -{2D}}{5{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$
文献[3] $\frac{{2n}+ {3nD}+ 2 - D}{2{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ 17 1 6 5 2 $\frac{2 + D\left({n - 1}\right)}{2{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ $\frac{n}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ $\frac{\left({3 + D}\right) n + 2 - D}{6{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$
文献[22] $\frac{{2n}+ 1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ 22 2 5 5 2 $\frac{1 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ $\frac{2n}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$ $\frac{{4n}+ 4 -{2D}}{5{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}$
文献[23] $\frac{{2n}+ 4 - D\left({1 + n}\right)}{1 - D}$ 13 1 8 8 1 $\frac{1}{1 - D}$ $\frac{{2n}- D\left({1 + n}\right)}{1 - D}$ $\frac{{4n}+ 5 -{nD}- D}{8\left({1 - D}\right)}$
文献[24] $\frac{n + 2 + D\left({1 + n}\right)}{1 - D}$ 11 1 4 5 2 $\frac{1}{1 - D}$ $\frac{1 + n}{1 - D}$ $\frac{{3n}+ 4}{4\left({1 - D}\right)}$
文献[25] $\frac{2 +{3n}}{1 - D}$ 16 2 5 5 2 $\frac{1}{1 - D}$ $\frac{2n}{1 - D}$ $\frac{{6n}+ 3}{5\left({1 - D}\right)}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154048241994813971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Main parameters of prototype, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
输出/输入电压(${V}_{\mathrm{o}}/{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}$ )/V 371/24
额定功率$P/\mathrm{W}$ 120
开关频率${f}_{\mathrm{{sw}}}/\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 100
输入电感${L}_{\mathrm{{in}}}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 25.139
原边耦合电感${L}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 78.17
副边耦合电感${L}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 252.22
原边等效漏感${L}_{\mathrm{{k1}}}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 1.130
副边等效漏感${L}_{\mathrm{k}2}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 4.190
耦合电感匝比$n$ 1.796
电容${C}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 47 或 220
电容${C}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 220 或 47
电容${C}_{3}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 22
电容${C}_{4}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 10
电容${C}_{0}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 220
), ArticleFig(id=1154048242070311445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037281645122369, language=CN, label=表2, caption=实验样机的主要参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
输出/输入电压(${V}_{\mathrm{o}}/{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}$ )/V 371/24
额定功率$P/\mathrm{W}$ 120
开关频率${f}_{\mathrm{{sw}}}/\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 100
输入电感${L}_{\mathrm{{in}}}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 25.139
原边耦合电感${L}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 78.17
副边耦合电感${L}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 252.22
原边等效漏感${L}_{\mathrm{{k1}}}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 1.130
副边等效漏感${L}_{\mathrm{k}2}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 4.190
耦合电感匝比$n$ 1.796
电容${C}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 47 或 220
电容${C}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 220 或 47
电容${C}_{3}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 22
电容${C}_{4}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 10
电容${C}_{0}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 220
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双开关二次型结构的耦合电感高增益DC-DC 变换器
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程诗伟 , 赵世伟
电源学报 | DC-DC 变换器 2024,22(4): 29-39
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电源学报 | DC-DC 变换器 2024, 22(4): 29-39
双开关二次型结构的耦合电感高增益DC-DC 变换器
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程诗伟 , 赵世伟
作者信息
  • 华南理工大学 电力学院 广州 510641
  • 程诗伟(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流微电网和高电压增益DC-DC变换器。E-mail: 852157774@qq.com。

    赵世伟(1977-),男,通信作者,博士,副教授。研究方向:特种电机的设计及控制、直流微电网。E-mail: epswzhao@scut.edu.cn。

Dual-switch Quadratic High-gain DC-DC Converter with Coupled Inductor
Shiwei CHENG , Shiwei ZHAO
Affiliations
  • School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
出版时间: 2024-07-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.29
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在能源危机和环境问题的背景下,高电压增益的DC-DC变换器成为利用可再生新能源不可或缺的环节。基于此,提出1种双开关二次型结构,使传统的二次型 Boost 变换器的电压增益得到有效提升,且降低了开关管的电流应力。结合开关电容和耦合电感,提出1种电压增益极高的双开关二次型结构耦合电感高增益DC-DC变换器。该变换器具有电压增益高、2个开关管同相、开关管和输出二极管电压应力低和多个二极管实现零电流关断的优点。详细分析了变换器的运行原理和稳态性能,包括电压增益推导、元器件电压电流应力等。制作了1款120W样机,验证了理论分析的正确性和变换器的可行性。

高增益变换器  /  耦合电感  /  二次型Boost  /  开关电容

Under the background of energy crisis and environmental issues, the high-gain DC-DC converter is indispensable in renewable energy applications. A dual-switch quadratic structure is proposed to enhance the voltage gain of the traditional quadratic boost converter while reducing the current stress of switches. On this basis, by combining the switched capacitors and a coupled inductor, a dual-switch quadratic high-gain DC-DC converter with a couple inductor is put forward. This converter has advantages such as a very high voltage gain, a pair of switches with the same phase, low voltage stress of switches and output diode, and zero-current switching off in many diodes. The operating principle and steady-state performance of the converter are analyzed in detail, including the voltage gain derivation and the voltage and current stresses of components. Finally, a 120 W prototype was fabricated to verify the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the converter.

High-gain converter  /  coupled inductor  /  quadratic boost  /  switched capacitor
程诗伟, 赵世伟. 双开关二次型结构的耦合电感高增益DC-DC 变换器. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (4) : 29 -39 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.29
Shiwei CHENG, Shiwei ZHAO. Dual-switch Quadratic High-gain DC-DC Converter with Coupled Inductor[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (4) : 29 -39 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.29
随着人类社会的高速发展和人口的不断增多, 人类对能源的需求逐渐增大。属于不可再生能源的煤、石油、天然气等传统的化石能源, 其大量的消耗会带来不同程度的环境污染和温室效应, 使得能源短缺问题和环境污染问题日益突出。近年来, 人们将目光转向风力发电、光伏发电等新型可再生清洁能源, 这些新能源的发展和使用使上述问题得到了一定程度的缓解。
新能源发电具有随机性、间歇性及输出低压性, 一定程度上限制了其发展。例如单个光伏电池模块正常工作时输出电压一般为${80}\mathrm{\;V}$ 以下,使之难以接入电压相对较高的交流大电网或直流系统中。因此, 需要 1 种高电压增益、高效率的 DC-DC 变换器将新能源的低输出电压转换为能够接入电网的电压。
通过学者大量的研究和实践, 现阶段实现高电压增益的方法和技术主要有变换器级联[1-3] 、高频隔离变压器[4-6] 、开关电容[7-9] 、开关电感[10-12]$\mathrm{Z}-$ 源结构[13-15] 和耦合电感[16-21] 等。对比单个 Boost 斩波电路, 变换器级联可以有效提升整体增益, 并且可以根据前后占空比分配 2 个开关管的平均电流, 但直接级联效率较低; 引入高频隔离变压器后, 可通过改变匝比提升增益并提供电气隔离, 但变压器磁性元件体积较大, 不利于功率密度的提升; 开关电容变换器省去了体积庞大的磁性元件, 通过电容并联充电、串联放电的原理使增益提升,但开关较多, 驱动设计复杂, 另外在电路变换的过程中电容之间会产生严重的电流尖峰, 增加器件损耗, 并引起严重的电磁干扰; 开关电感变换器具有很好的可靠性, 但功率密度较低, 使得变换器的体积庞大; Z-源结构具有灵活的电压转换特性和一定的升压能力, 但其存在右半平面零点, 动态响应较差; 耦合电感是提高增益常用的技术, 与变压器类似, 可通过调节匝比使增益提升, 然而由于耦合电感的漏感不可忽略, 因此也带来了其他问题, 并随着匝数的增大, 漏感也逐渐增大。上述技术各有优劣, 一般不会单独使用, 而是相互结合使用。文献[1-3] 在传统二次型 Boost 变换器的基础上结合耦合电感和开关电容进行变换, 形成具有更优性能的高增益拓扑; 文献[4-5]提出的变换器采用了高频变压器技术, 可有效提升电压增益并提供电气隔离; 文献[7] 提出的拓扑为典型的二极管-开关电容型变换器, 文献[8]提出的拓扑为开关管-开关电容型变换器; 而文献[10-11]提出的拓扑均为开关电感型变换器, 具有优良的可拓展性; 文献[13-15]提出了基于$\mathrm{Z}$ 源网络的变换器, 器件应力较高, 且具有逆变的性质; 文献[16-21]均为基于耦合电感的高增益变换器,其中文献[16-19]均结合了开关电容技术,文献[20-21]为交错并联结构, 有效降低了输入电流纹波。本文在传统二次型 Boost 变换器的基础上, 提出 1 种双开关二次型 Boost 变换器, 并在变换器后级结合了开关电容和耦合电感, 最终提出了 1 种电压增益极高的双开关二次型结构的耦合电感高增益 DC-DC 变换器。
图1(a)为传统二次型 Boost 变换器, 可通过 1 个开关管实现 2 个传统 Boost 变换器的级联, 电压增益为$1/{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}$,其中$D$ 为开关管的导通占空比。二次型结构使得占空比$D$ 对变换器整体电压增益的影响显著提升。图1(b)和(c)为双开关二次型 Boost 变换器的 2 种实现形式, 相比图1(a)增加了 1 组输入电感${L}_{\text{in }}$ 的续流回路$\left({{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\text{、}{C}_{2}}\right)$ 及 1 个开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$,其中${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 为同步导通,使得后级电感${L}_{1}$ 的正向压降得以提升,而变换器的电压增益则提升为$\left({1 + D}\right)/{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}$,同时开关管的平均电流应力降低, 可根据占空比进行分配, 增加了变换器的可靠性。
本文所提变换器为双开关二次型结构的耦合电感高增益 DC-DC 变换器, 在图1(b)变换器的基础上增加了开关电容结构和耦合电感, 使得增益显著提升,如图2(a)所示。所提变换器由开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$、二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{D}}_{4}$${\mathrm{D}}_{0}$、电容${C}_{1}\sim {C}_{4}$${C}_{0}$、输入电感${L}_{\text{in }}$ 及 1 个双绕组耦合电感${L}_{1}/{L}_{2}$ 组成。
值得注意的是,在本文所提变换器中,${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 为交替导通关系: 当${L}_{2}$ 电流方向为流出同名端时,电流流经${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$; 当${L}_{2}$ 电流方向为流入同名端时, 电流流经${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$。由于${L}_{2}$ 与电容${C}_{3}$ 串联,因此在 1 个周期内,${C}_{3}$${L}_{2}$ 的电流平均值必为 0。考虑漏感${L}_{\mathrm{k}2}$ 的存在,${L}_{2}$ 电流不能突变,在${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 换流过程中电流必然过 0 点,因此${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 理论上能实现 ZCS 导通和关断。另外,${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 在耦合电感原边${L}_{1}$ 的导通回路中,漏感${L}_{\mathrm{k}1}$ 的存在虽然降低了${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 开关时的电流变化率,但容易引起电压尖峰。
图2(b)为本文所提变换器的等效电路, 原边耦合电感${L}_{1}$ 等效为原边漏感${L}_{\mathrm{k}1}$、励磁电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 和原边绕组${L}_{\mathrm{p}}$,副边耦合电感${L}_{2}$ 等效为副边漏感${L}_{\mathrm{k}2}$ 和副边绕组${L}_{\mathrm{s}}$。另外,二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 考虑其并联寄生电容${C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}$${C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{4}}$
为方便分析,作出如下假设: ①将开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{2}$ 及二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\text{、}{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 均视为理想器件; ②所有电容器容值足够大, 使得电容两端电压维持不变; ③电感${L}_{\text{in }}$ 和耦合励磁电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 足够大,使得其电流维持不变。
本文所提变换器在 1 个周期中最多可有 8 种模态,分别为模态$\mathrm{I}\sim$ 模态$\mathrm{{VII}}$,其中模态$\mathrm{{VII}}$ 和模态$\mathrm{{VII}}$ 有可能不存在。变换器主要元器件工作波形如图3所示。各个开关模态的等效电路如图4(a)~(i)所示。
模态$\mathrm{I}\left\lbrack {{t}_{0},{t}_{1}}\right\rbrack$ : 等效电路如图4(a)所示。${t}_{0}$ 时刻, 开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 的驱动信号出现,${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 导通,输入电感${L}_{\text{in }}$ 充磁,其电流线性上升,因此${L}_{\text{in }}$ 续流二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 均截止。电容${C}_{1}\text{、}{C}_{2}$ 通过${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{2}$ 放电,为原边耦合电感${L}_{1}$ 充磁,其电流线性上升, 副边耦合电感${L}_{2}$ 由于存在漏感,电流无法突变, 仍通过同名端流入,因此二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$ 导通,电容${C}_{3}$ 充电。该模态中,${\mathrm{D}}_{4}\text{、}{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 截止。直至${t}_{1}$ 时刻,${L}_{2}$ 电流反向, 模态 I 结束, 进入模态 II。
模态${II}\left\lbrack {{t}_{1},{t}_{2}}\right\rbrack$ : 等效电路如图4(b)所示。模态 II 为谐振模态,由于${L}_{2}$ 电流反向,${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 进行换流,其并联寄生电容${C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}\text{、}{C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{4}}$ 与副边耦合电感的漏感${L}_{\mathrm{k}2}$ 发生频率较高的谐振,${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{k}2}}$${C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}$ 充电、${C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{4}}$ 放电。此阶段,${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{D}3}}+ {v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{D}4}}= {V}_{{C}_{4}}$,且$\mathrm{d}{i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{k}2}}/\mathrm{d}t$ 比非谐振模态高, 其余元器件的工作状态与模态 I 一致。 在${t}_{2}$ 时刻,模态 II 结束,${C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}\text{、}{C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{4}}$${L}_{\mathrm{k}2}$ 的谐振结束。
模态$\mathbb{{II}}\left\lbrack {{t}_{2},{t}_{3}}\right\rbrack$ : 等效电路如图4(c)所示。${t}_{2}$ 时刻,${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 已完全导通,${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$ 完全截止。$\mathrm{d}{i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{k}2}}/\mathrm{d}t$ 较之前有明显下降,电容${C}_{3}$${L}_{2}$ 为电容${C}_{4}$ 充电,其余元器件的工作状态与模态 I 一致。
模态IV$\left\lbrack {{t}_{3},{t}_{4}}\right\rbrack$ : 等效电路如图4(d)所示。${t}_{3}$ 时刻, 开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 驱动信号终止,${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 关断。${L}_{\text{in }}$ 电流线性下降,通过${\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 续流,分别为${C}_{1}\text{、}{C}_{2}$ 充电。由于${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 同时充电,导致等效电容较小, 与输入电感发生谐振,因此${\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 电流波形呈频率较高的谐振状态。${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 关断是${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 导通的必要条件,前级电路通过${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{o}}$${C}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 充电。耦合电感的原边和副边电流在${t}_{3}$ 时刻开始下降,直至副边电流下降至 0,该模态结束。
模态$\mathrm{V}\left\lbrack {{t}_{4},{t}_{5}}\right\rbrack$ : 等效电路如图4(e)所示。${t}_{4}$ 时刻, 副边电流过 0 反向,流入同名端。由于${L}_{2}$ 电流反向,${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 进行换流,其并联寄生电容${C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}\text{、}{C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{4}}$ 与副边耦合电感的漏感${L}_{\mathrm{k}2}$ 发生频率较高的谐振,${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{k}2}}$${C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}$ 放电、${C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{4}}$ 充电。此阶段,${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{D}3}}+ {v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{D}4}}= {V}_{{C}_{4}}$, 且$\mathrm{d}{i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{k}2}}/\mathrm{d}t$ 比非谐振模态高,其余元器件的工作状态与模态IV一致。在${t}_{5}$ 时刻,模态$\mathrm{V}$ 结束,${C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}\text{、}{C}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{4}}$${L}_{\mathrm{k}2}$ 的谐振结束。
模态$\mathrm{{VI}}\left\lbrack {{t}_{5},{t}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ : 等效电路如图4(f)所示。${t}_{5}$ 时刻,${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$ 已完全导通,${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 完全截止。$\mathrm{d}{i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{k}2}}/\mathrm{d}t$ 较之前有明显下降,电容${C}_{3}$ 进入充电状态。
模态$\mathrm{{VII}}\left\lbrack {{t}_{6},{t}_{7}}\right\rbrack$ : 该模态产生的原因为${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 的电容值不同: 若${C}_{1}> {C}_{2}$,则${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 将提前关断,${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 继续导通,如图4(g)所示; 若${C}_{2}> {C}_{1}$,则${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 将提前关断,${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 继续导通,如图4(h)所示; 若${C}_{2}= {C}_{1}$,则模态VII将不存在。若某个二极管在该模态下继续导通,则该二极管电流波形呈线性波动。
模态$\mathrm{{VII}}\left\lbrack {{t}_{7},{t}_{8}}\right\rbrack$ : 等效电路如图4(i)所示。${t}_{7}$ 时刻,二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 输出电流下降至 0,实现$\mathrm{{ZCS}}$ 关断。 在某些参数条件下,${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 无法在${t}_{8}$ 时刻前实现电流为 0,则模态Ⅷ不存在。
忽略由寄生参数产生的短暂模态(模态 I 、II 、 Ⅳ、V),仅考虑模态III、VI、VII、VIII,可求得变换器在 CCM 下的电压增益公式。
在模态$\mathrm{{III}}$ 中,根据$\mathrm{{KVL}}$ 可得输入电感${L}_{\text{in }}$ 和原边耦合电感${L}_{1}$ 的电压为
${v}_{{L}_{\text{in }}}^{\mathrm{{III}}}= {V}_{\text{in }}$
${v}_{{L}_{1}}^{\mathrm{{III}}}= {V}_{{C}_{1}}+ {V}_{{C}_{2}}$
$ n{v}_{{L}_{1}}^{\mathrm{{III}}}= {v}_{{L}_{2}}^{\mathrm{{III}}}= {V}_{{C}_{4}}- {V}_{{C}_{3}}- {V}_{{C}_{1}}$
式中:${V}_{\text{in }}$ 为输入电压;$n$ 为变压器的匝比。
在模态$\mathrm{{VI}}$$\mathrm{{VII}}$$\mathrm{{VII}}$ 中,根据$\mathrm{{KVL}}$ 可得
${v}_{{L}_{\text{in }}}^{\mathrm{{VI}}}= {V}_{\text{in }}- {V}_{{C}_{1}}= {V}_{\text{in }}- {V}_{{C}_{2}}$
$ n{v}_{{L}_{1}}^{\mathrm{{VI}}}= {v}_{{L}_{2}}^{\mathrm{{VI}}}= n\left({{V}_{{C}_{4}}+ {V}_{{C}_{2}}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}}}\right)$
${V}_{{C}_{2}}- {V}_{{C}_{3}}= {v}_{{L}_{1}}^{\mathrm{{VI}}}+ {v}_{{L}_{2}}^{\mathrm{{VI}}}= \left({1 + n}\right){v}_{{L}_{1}}^{\mathrm{{VI}}}$
式中,${V}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 为输出电压。
由电感伏秒平衡原理可得
$ D{v}_{L}^{\mathrm{{III}}}+ \left({1 - D}\right){v}_{L}^{\mathrm{{VI}}}= 0 $
联立式(1)、式(4)和式(7),可得
${V}_{{C}_{1}}= {V}_{{C}_{2}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{1 - D}$
联立式(3)、式(6)和式(7),可得
$ D\frac{{V}_{{C}_{4}}- {V}_{{C}_{3}}- {V}_{{C}_{1}}}{n}+ \frac{1 - D}{1 + n}\left({{V}_{{C}_{2}}- {V}_{{C}_{3}}}\right)= 0 $
联立式(2)、式(3)、式(8)和式(9),可得
${V}_{{C}_{3}}= \frac{1 +{2nD}+ D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}{V}_{\text{in }}$
${V}_{{C}_{4}}= \frac{2\left({n + 1}\right)}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}{V}_{\text{in }}$
联立式(3)、式(5)、式(7)、式(8)、式(10)和式(11), 可得
${V}_{\mathrm{o}}= \frac{{2n}+ 3 + D}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}{V}_{\text{in }}= M{V}_{\text{in }}$
式中,$M$ 为电压增益。
根据电压增益公式(12), 可得到变换器的电压增益曲线。图5所示为变换器在匝比$n$ 分别为 1.0 、 1.5 和 2.0 的条件下,不同占空比$D$ 下的电压增益$M - D$ 曲线。
在电压增益公式推导过程中已得电容电压应力, 结合式(12)可得
${V}_{{C}_{1}}= {V}_{{C}_{2}}= \frac{1 - D}{{2n}+ 3 + D}{V}_{0}$
${V}_{{C}_{3}}= \frac{{2nD}+ 1 + D}{{2n}+ 3 + D}{V}_{\mathrm{o}}$
${V}_{{C}_{4}}= \frac{2\left({n + 1}\right)}{{2n}+ 3 + D}{V}_{\mathrm{o}}$
半导体器件在变换器运行过程中存在导通和截止 2 种状态, 其截止时将受到反向截止电压, 在 1 个开关周期内器件受到的最大反向截止电压即为该器件的电压应力。其中,开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$、二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 的电压应力均为电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 的电压; 开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 的电压应力为${V}_{\mathrm{o}}- {V}_{{C}_{4}}$ ; 二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 的电压应力均为电容${C}_{4}$ 的电压; 二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 的电压应力${V}_{\mathrm{o}}+ {V}_{{C}_{1}}- {V}_{{C}_{4}}$。所提变换器的半导体器件电压应力为
${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{1}}= {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}= {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}= {V}_{{C}_{1}}= \frac{1 - D}{{2n}+ 3 + D}{V}_{\mathrm{o}}$
${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{2}}= {V}_{\mathrm{o}}- {V}_{{C}_{4}}= \frac{1 + D}{{2n}+ 3 + D}{V}_{\mathrm{o}}$
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}= {V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{4}}= {V}_{{C}_{4}}= \frac{2\left({n + 1}\right)}{{2n}+ 3 + D}{V}_{\mathrm{o}}$
${V}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{o}}}= {V}_{\mathrm{o}}+ {V}_{{C}_{1}}- {V}_{{C}_{4}}= \frac{2}{{2n}+ 3 + D}{V}_{\mathrm{o}}$
器件平均电流应力即在 1 个开关周期内电流的平均值。根据电容的安秒平衡原理,变换器中的电容的平均电流应力为 0。据此, 可推导半导体器件的平均电流应力为
${I}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{1}}= \frac{n + 1 + D\left({3 + n}\right)}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$
${I}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{2}}= {I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}= \frac{n + 1 + D}{1 - D}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$
${I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}= \frac{n + 2}{1 - D}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}$
${I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{3}}= {I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{4}}= {I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{o}}}= {I}_{\mathrm{o}}$
表1为所提变换器与同类型变换器[3,22-25] 的对比, 所引用文献中的变换器均使用了数量相当的储能元件以及半导体器件。对比了在占空比$D ={0.5}$、 匝比$n = 2$ 时的电压增益${M}_{\max }$,列出了开关管的电压应力${V}_{\mathrm{{Sw}}}$、输出二极管的电压应力${V}_{\mathrm{{Do}}}$ 以及所有二极管的平均电压应力${V}_{\mathrm{D}\text{-av }}$。从表1可以看出,在储能元件数量相当的情况下, 所提变换器的电压增益最大, 并且开关管和输出二极管电压应力仍处于较低的水平。
图6为同类型变换器与所提变换器在不同匝比下的理论电压增益曲线, 可见在全占空比范围内所提变换器的电压增益有明显优势。由于所提变换器的 2 个开关管为同相,因此无需考虑开关管相位重叠、死区时间等问题,简化了驱动电路。
为了验证理论分析的正确性及所提变换器的可行性,制作 1 台功率为${120}\mathrm{\;W}$ 的样机,如图7所示。输入电压源采用艾德泰克可编程直流电源 IT6512C, 负载采用功率型滑动变阻器, 控制芯片采用 STM32F103RCT6, 驱动芯片采用 TLP155E 光耦输出。样机主要设计指标和电气参数如表2所示。
实验样机在输入电压为${24}\mathrm{\;V}$ (实测${23.3}\mathrm{\;V}$ )、占空比为0.35、匝比为1.796、开关频率为${100}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 情况下,理论输出电压为${391}\mathrm{\;V}$,实际输出电压达到${370}\mathrm{\;V}$ (理论增益为 16.43,实际增益为 15.88),效率达到 93.24%。图8为基本元器件的实验波形, 其中图8(h)显示的输出、输入电压比为 370/23.3。
图8(a)可以看出, 2 个开关管的栅极驱动信号是同步的;由图8(b)和(c)可以看出,开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$
${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 电压应力均较低,且漏感${L}_{\mathrm{k}1}$ 的存在降低了${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 导通和关断时的电流变化率,但引起了一定的电压尖峰, 可通过改良耦合电感的绕制方法进行优化; 观察图8(d)和(e)可见,${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 的电流随着耦合电感副边电流变化, 由于耦合电感与电容串联,副边电流平均值为 0,且由于${L}_{\mathrm{k}2}$ 的存在,在换流阶段$\mathrm{d}i/\mathrm{d}t$ 明显较小,实现了二极管的 ZCS 导通和关断;观察图8 $\left(\mathrm{f}\right)$ 可见,输出二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 的电压应力很低, 且在下一个开关周期前提前截止, 实现了 ZCS 关断。
为了验证电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 之间的关系对二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 实现$\mathrm{{ZCS}}$ 关断的影响,在与上述实验条件相同的情况下,调整了电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 的值,分别对二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 的电压、电流波形进行测量,如图9所示。可见: 当${C}_{1}= {C}_{2}$,则${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 均无法实现$\mathrm{{ZCS}}$ 关断; 当${C}_{1}> {C}_{2}$,则${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 可实现$\mathrm{{ZCS}}$ 关断; 当${C}_{2}> {C}_{1}$,则${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 可实现$\mathrm{{ZCS}}$ 关断。
本文提出了双开关二次型结构的耦合电感高增益 DC-DC 变换器, 分析了变换器的基本工作原理, 推导了变换器的相关稳态性能, 包括电压增益、 元器件电压、电流应力等。制作了 1 台 120 W 的实验样机进行实验, 实验结果表明; 在占空比和匝比较小的情况下,变换器实现了较高的 DC-DC 电压转换比, 并且开关管和输出二极管的电压应力极低; 利用了 2 个同相的开关管, 在不增加控制复杂度的情况下, 实现了开关管平均电流的分配, 使得单个开关管平均电流应力降低, 提高了变换器的可靠性; 所提变换器实现了多个二极管的 ZCS, 缓解了二极管反向恢复带来的问题。实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和变换器的可行性。所提变换器适用于光伏发电、航空航天等高直流电压转换的场景。
  • 广东省自然科学基金资助项目(2018A0303130221)
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2024年第22卷第4期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.29
  • 接收时间:2022-01-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-12
  • 修回日期:2022-03-04
  • 录用日期:2022-04-13
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A0303130221)
广东省自然科学基金资助项目(2018A0303130221)
作者信息
    华南理工大学 电力学院 广州 510641
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