Article(id=1154037273906631461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154037268550509325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.270, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1630598400000, receivedDateStr=2021-09-03, revisedDate=1635264000000, revisedDateStr=2021-10-27, acceptedDate=1638374400000, acceptedDateStr=2021-12-02, onlineDate=1753073527075, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1722268800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753073527075, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753073527075, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753073527075, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154037268550509325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='338', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753073525798, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780979931, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004546338804561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154037268550509325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004546338804562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154037268550509325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=270, endPage=279, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154037274732909351, articleId=1154037273906631461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Efficient Multi-output LED Driver Topology with High Voltage Gain, columnId=1152281493050110079, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Lighting Power Supply, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aimed at the current imbalance problem in parallel connected multiple light-emitting diode (LED) strings, an efficient multi-output LED driver is proposed to achieve current sharing among different LED strings and improve the efficiency of the circuit. A Boost converter and a series-resonant converter are cascaded to achieve current sharing and a high voltage gain. The transformer leakage inductance suppresses the switch's current rising rate in the turn-on period, which provides the zero-current-switch (ZCS) condition. Moreover, a lossless snubber circuit is added to slow down the switch's voltage rising rate in the turn-off period to significantly reduce the switching loss, and a large magnetizing inductance of transformer is selected to reduce the transformer loss. Meanwhile, only one active switch is used, which reduces the circuit cost and simplifies the control. Therefore, current sharing, high efficiency and high voltage gain are obtained, and the cost is low. The circuit operational principle and operating characteristics together with the specific procedure of parameter design are analyzed and presented in detail. Finally, a 7.9 W two-output prototype with 12 V input voltage was built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed LED driver.

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驱动多路并联的发光二极管 LED(light-emitting diode)容易导致各路电流不平衡,为了实现各路 LED 之间的均流并提高电路效率,提出1种具有多路输出能力的高效率LED驱动电源。采用Boost 级联串联谐振变换器的结构实现各路LED 之间的均流,并获得较高的电压增益; 变压器的漏感抑制了开关管导通时的电流上升速度,实现了开关管的ZCS 导通;增加了1个无损缓冲电路减缓开关管关断时的电压上升速度,极大地降低了开关损耗;将变压器的励磁电感设计得足够大,使变压器的损耗降低;在实现软开关的同时,仅需1个开关管,从而降低了电路成本并简化了控制。因此,所提方案在实现均流的同时还能够实现较高的效率和电压增益,且成本较低。详细分析了所提方案电路的工作原理和工作特性,并给出了参数设计的具体流程。最后,搭建了1台输入电压为12V、两路输出功率为7.9W的样机,证明了所提方案的可行性。

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徐石开(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:LED驱动电源。E-mail: 201921014354@mail.scut.edu.cn。

曾君(1979-),女,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源发电技术。E-mail: junzeng@scut.edu.cn。

刘俊峰(1978-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,通信作者,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子及其控制。E-mail: aujfliu@scut.edu.cn。

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徐石开(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:LED驱动电源。E-mail: 201921014354@mail.scut.edu.cn。

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徐石开(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:LED驱动电源。E-mail: 201921014354@mail.scut.edu.cn。

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曾君(1979-),女,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源发电技术。E-mail: junzeng@scut.edu.cn。

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刘俊峰(1978-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,通信作者,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子及其控制。E-mail: aujfliu@scut.edu.cn。

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参数 数值(型号)
${L}_{\mathrm{b}}/\mathrm{{\mu H}}$ 300
S IRF540NPBF
${C}_{\mathrm{a}}/\mathrm{{nF}}$ 20
${L}_{\mathrm{a}}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 22
${D}_{\mathrm{s}1}$ CUS10S30, H3F
${\mathrm{D}}_{1},{\mathrm{D}}_{2},{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{s}2}$ MSK340A
${C}_{\mathrm{c}}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 47
${L}_{\mathrm{m}}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 130
${L}_{1k}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 2
${C}_{\mathrm{r}}/\mathrm{{nF}}$ 540
${C}_{\mathrm{o}1},{C}_{\mathrm{o}2}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 10
), ArticleFig(id=1154048229076357239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037273906631461, language=CN, label=表1, caption=驱动电源器件主要参数与型号, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值(型号)
${L}_{\mathrm{b}}/\mathrm{{\mu H}}$ 300
S IRF540NPBF
${C}_{\mathrm{a}}/\mathrm{{nF}}$ 20
${L}_{\mathrm{a}}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 22
${D}_{\mathrm{s}1}$ CUS10S30, H3F
${\mathrm{D}}_{1},{\mathrm{D}}_{2},{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{s}2}$ MSK340A
${C}_{\mathrm{c}}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 47
${L}_{\mathrm{m}}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 130
${L}_{1k}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 2
${C}_{\mathrm{r}}/\mathrm{{nF}}$ 540
${C}_{\mathrm{o}1},{C}_{\mathrm{o}2}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 10
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高增益和多路输出均衡的高效 LED 驱动拓扑研究
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徐石开 1 , 曾君 1 , 刘俊峰 2
电源学报 | 照明电源 2024,22(4): 270-279
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电源学报 | 照明电源 2024, 22(4): 270-279
高增益和多路输出均衡的高效 LED 驱动拓扑研究
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徐石开1 , 曾君1 , 刘俊峰2
作者信息
  • 1 华南理工大学 电力学院 广州 510640
  • 2 华南理工大学 自动化科学与工程学院 广州 510640
  • 徐石开(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:LED驱动电源。E-mail: 201921014354@mail.scut.edu.cn。

    曾君(1979-),女,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源发电技术。E-mail: junzeng@scut.edu.cn。

    刘俊峰(1978-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,通信作者,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子及其控制。E-mail: aujfliu@scut.edu.cn。

Efficient Multi-output LED Driver Topology with High Voltage Gain
Shikai XU1 , Jun ZENG1 , Junfeng LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
  • 2 School of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
出版时间: 2024-07-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.270
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驱动多路并联的发光二极管 LED(light-emitting diode)容易导致各路电流不平衡,为了实现各路 LED 之间的均流并提高电路效率,提出1种具有多路输出能力的高效率LED驱动电源。采用Boost 级联串联谐振变换器的结构实现各路LED 之间的均流,并获得较高的电压增益; 变压器的漏感抑制了开关管导通时的电流上升速度,实现了开关管的ZCS 导通;增加了1个无损缓冲电路减缓开关管关断时的电压上升速度,极大地降低了开关损耗;将变压器的励磁电感设计得足够大,使变压器的损耗降低;在实现软开关的同时,仅需1个开关管,从而降低了电路成本并简化了控制。因此,所提方案在实现均流的同时还能够实现较高的效率和电压增益,且成本较低。详细分析了所提方案电路的工作原理和工作特性,并给出了参数设计的具体流程。最后,搭建了1台输入电压为12V、两路输出功率为7.9W的样机,证明了所提方案的可行性。

LED驱动电源  /  均流  /  软开关  /  电压增益

Aimed at the current imbalance problem in parallel connected multiple light-emitting diode (LED) strings, an efficient multi-output LED driver is proposed to achieve current sharing among different LED strings and improve the efficiency of the circuit. A Boost converter and a series-resonant converter are cascaded to achieve current sharing and a high voltage gain. The transformer leakage inductance suppresses the switch's current rising rate in the turn-on period, which provides the zero-current-switch (ZCS) condition. Moreover, a lossless snubber circuit is added to slow down the switch's voltage rising rate in the turn-off period to significantly reduce the switching loss, and a large magnetizing inductance of transformer is selected to reduce the transformer loss. Meanwhile, only one active switch is used, which reduces the circuit cost and simplifies the control. Therefore, current sharing, high efficiency and high voltage gain are obtained, and the cost is low. The circuit operational principle and operating characteristics together with the specific procedure of parameter design are analyzed and presented in detail. Finally, a 7.9 W two-output prototype with 12 V input voltage was built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed LED driver.

Light-emitting diode (LED) driver  /  current sharing  /  soft switching  /  voltage gain
徐石开, 曾君, 刘俊峰. 高增益和多路输出均衡的高效 LED 驱动拓扑研究. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (4) : 270 -279 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.270
Shikai XU, Jun ZENG, Junfeng LIU. Efficient Multi-output LED Driver Topology with High Voltage Gain[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (4) : 270 -279 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.270
发光二极管 LED(light-emitting diode)作为一种绿色光源, 能够将电能直接转换为光能, 具有效率高、寿命长和无污染等优势[1-3]。近年来, LED 正在逐步取代传统照明设备,具有较好的发展前景。通常情况下, 多个 LED 串联以提高照明的亮度, 但是串联会导致驱动电源电路中半导体器件的电压应力增大, 使电路成本上升, 同时也会导致效率降低。考虑到并联结构的 LED 驱动, 由于 LED 非线性的伏安特性曲线, 会导致各路 LED 电流不均。除此之外, LED 正向导通电压的负温度系数进一步加剧了电流的不均衡程度[4],为此引入均流策略, 包括有源均流和无源均流这 2 种策略。
有源均流通过在每串 LED 串联 1 个电流调节器控制每串 LED 电流相等。电流调节器可以工作在线性模式或开关模式。线性模式的电流调节器效率较低, 开关模式的电流调节器效率较高,但控制复杂,且需要大量的开关器件[5-8]。无源均流使用电感、变压器, 以及电容实现各路 LED 之间的电流均衡。采用电感和变压器进行均流会导致均流精度和功率密度低, 且电路结构复杂[9-11]。电容均流由于结构简单、成本低及功率密度高等优点得到了广泛的关注。文献[12-14]提出了利用电容容抗均流的方案, 但均流精度不高;文献[15-19]利用电容充、放电平衡原理进行均流, 其中大部分采用了半桥结构, 能够自然实现开关管的零电压开通 (ZVS), 因此开关损耗得到了降低, 但需要 2 个开关管, 提高了电路成本和复杂度; 文献[20]利用对称跨接电容型结构进行均流, 但每路 LED 需要串联 1 个开关管, 结构同样较为复杂。因此, 文献[15-20]所提的拓扑更适合较大功率和较高输入电压的应用场合。此外, 文献[21-23]利用 LCL-T 结构的恒流特性实现 LED 均流, 但对于每路 LED, 需要 2 个电感和 1 个桥式整流电路, 极大地增加了电路的复杂度和成本。
对于低功率和较低输入电压的应用场合, 驱动电源通常需要较高的电压增益。文献[24-25]提出了 1 种基于 Boost 变换器的多路输出驱动电源, Boost 变换器结构简单且成本低, 但是其电压增益很难达到较高水平;文献[26-27]在 Boost 电路的基础上使用了耦合电感以提高电压增益, 且耦合电感的漏感能量得以回收, 但其电路结构也变得更加复杂, 且由于未实现软开关, 开关损耗较高。
综上分析, 本文提出 1 种高效率的新型多路输出 LED 驱动电源, 仅需要 1 个开关管即能实现软开关, 大多数二极管能够实现 ZCS 关断。其中, 输入电感工作在 CCM 模式, 减小了输入电流的纹波。变压器的励磁电感无需储存能量, 因此能够使用较大的励磁电感, 从而减小变压器的损耗, 并具备较高电压增益的特点。
本文所提多路输出的 LED 驱动拓扑如图1所示,其中多路输出 LED 驱动电源由开关管$\mathrm{S}$、 Boost 电感${L}_{\mathrm{b}}$、钳位电容${C}_{\mathrm{c}}$$m$ 个变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{T}}_{m}\left({{\mathrm{T}}_{1}\sim }\right.$ ${\mathrm{T}}_{m}$ 的漏感分别为$\left.{{L}_{\mathrm{l}{k1}}\sim {L}_{\mathrm{l}{km}}}\right)\text{、}m + 1$ 个谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}1}\sim$ ${C}_{\mathrm{r}m}$${C}_{\mathrm{a}}$、谐振电感${L}_{\mathrm{a}}$${2m}+ 2$ 个二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{D}}_{2m}$${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}1}\sim {\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}2}$,以及${2m}$ 个滤波电容${C}_{\mathrm{o}1}\sim {C}_{\mathrm{o}\left({2m}\right)}$ 组成。变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{T}}_{m}$ 串联连接,忽略励磁电流,可认为$m$ 台变压器的电流相等。为了简便, 本文以两路输出为例进行分析。
Boost 电感工作在 CCM 模式, 且电流纹波较小,因此将输入电流视为恒定值${I}_{\text{in }}$,并且由于励磁电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 较大,电容${C}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 和电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 电流均值为 0,因此计算时忽略励磁电流${i}_{\mathrm{m}}$。在 1 个开关周期内,该驱动电源共有 9 个模态, 每个工作模态的等效电路和主要参数的波形分别如图2图3所示。
模态$1\left\lbrack {{t}_{0},{t}_{1}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图2(a)所示,${t}_{0}$ 时刻开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 导通,谐振电感${L}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 和谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 开始谐振。谐振电流${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}$ 和谐振电容${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}$ 分别为
${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left( t\right)= {v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left({t}_{0}\right)\sqrt{\frac{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}}\sin \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}1}\left({t -{t}_{0}}\right)}\right\rbrack \;{t}_{0}< t <{t}_{2}$
${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left( t\right)= {v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left({t}_{0}\right)\cos \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}1}\left({t -{t}_{0}}\right)}\right\rbrack \;{t}_{0}< t <{t}_{2}$
式中,${\omega }_{\mathrm{r}1}= 1/\sqrt{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}$
二极管${D}_{\mathrm{a}1}$ 导通,由于模态 1 持续时间较短,谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 电压${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$ 在该模态可视作恒定。根据电感${L}_{\mathrm{b}}$ 和变压器励磁电感的伏秒平衡,电容${C}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 和电压${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{c}}}$ 与输入电压${V}_{\text{in }}$ 相等。因此谐振电流${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 的表达式为
${i}_{\mathrm{r}}\left( t\right)= {i}_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t}_{0}\right)+ \frac{{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}1}- n{V}_{\text{in }}}{{L}_{\mathrm{l}k}}\left({t -{t}_{0}}\right)$
式中:${V}_{\mathrm{o}1}$ 为 LED1 两端电压;${L}_{1k}$ 为变压器漏感;$n$ 为变压器副边与原边的匝数比。
${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 降至$0,{\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 关断,模态 1 结束。根据基尔霍夫节点电流定律及变压器漏感${L}_{\mathrm{l}k}$ 电流不能突变的特性,开关管电流以$- n\mathrm{\;d}{i}_{\mathrm{r}}/\mathrm{d}t$ 的斜率从 0 开始上升, 开关管能够实现 ZCS 导通。
模态$2\left\lbrack {{t}_{1},{t}_{2}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图2(b)所示,二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 导通,${t}_{1}$ 时刻${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$ 为最小值${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\min }},{L}_{\mathrm{l}k}$${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 开始谐振,${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 进行充电,${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$ 的表达式分别为
${i}_{\mathrm{r}}\left( t\right)= \sqrt{\frac{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}{{L}_{1k}}}\left({{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\min }}+ {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- n{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right)\sin {\omega }_{\mathrm{r}2}\left({t -{t}_{1}}\right)$
${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}\left( t\right)= \left({{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\min }}+ {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- n{V}_{\text{in }}}\right)\cos {\omega }_{\mathrm{r}2}\left({t -{t}_{1}}\right)+ $
$ n{V}_{\text{in }}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}$
式中:${\omega }_{\mathrm{r}2}= 1/\sqrt{{L}_{1k}{C}_{\mathrm{r}}};{V}_{\mathrm{o}2}$ 为 LED2 两端的电压。
${L}_{\mathrm{a}}$${C}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 继续谐振,当${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}= {V}_{\text{in }}$ 时,${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}2}$ 导通, 模态 2 结束。
模态$3\left\lbrack {{t}_{2},{t}_{3}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图2 $\left(\mathrm{c}\right)$ 所示,${L}_{\mathrm{l}k}$${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 继续谐振,${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 继续充电,${L}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 两端电压为${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}},{i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}$ 线性减小, 其表达式为
${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left( t\right)= {i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left({t}_{2}\right)- \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left({t -{t}_{2}}\right)$
${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}$ 降至$0,{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}2}\mathrm{{ZCS}}$ 关断,模态 3 结束。
模态$4\left\lbrack {{t}_{3},{t}_{4}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图2 $\left(\mathrm{\;d}\right)$ 所示,${L}_{\mathrm{l}k}$${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 继续谐振,${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 继续充电。当${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{r}}}$ 降低至$0,{L}_{\mathrm{l}k}$${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 的谐振结束,${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$ 达到其最大值${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }},{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{{ZCS}}$ 关断,模态 4 结束。
模态$5\left\lbrack {{t}_{4},{t}_{5}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图2 $\left(\mathrm{e}\right)$ 所示,该模态下${I}_{\text{in }}$ 和励磁电流同时流经开关管$\mathrm{S}$。当$\mathrm{S}$ 关断时,模态 5 结束。
模态$6\left\lbrack {{t}_{5},{t}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图2(f)所示,${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}2}$ 导通,${I}_{\text{in }}$ 通过${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}2}$${C}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 充电,由于此前${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}$ 已被钳位至${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{c}}}$,因此当$\mathrm{S}$ 关断时,$\mathrm{S}$ 两端电压为 0,因此$\mathrm{S}$ 能够实现$\mathrm{{ZVS}}$ 关断。${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}$ 反向充电,其表达式为
${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left( t\right)= {V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{c}}}+ \frac{{I}_{\text{in }}}{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left({t -{t}_{5}}\right)$
${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}= \left({{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}1}}\right)/n,{\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 导通,模态 6 结束。
模态$7\left\lbrack {{t}_{6},{t}_{7}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图2 $\left(\mathrm{\;g}\right)$ 所示,${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 导通,${L}_{\mathrm{l}k}$${C}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 开始谐振。同时,${I}_{\text{in }}$ 继续给${C}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 充电。如果${n}^{2}{C}_{\mathrm{r}}> >{C}_{\mathrm{a}}$,则${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$ 在该模态下可视为恒定。${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}$ 的表达式分别为
${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left( t\right)= \frac{{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}1}}{n}- \frac{{I}_{\text{in }}}{n}\sqrt{\frac{{L}_{\mathrm{l}k}}{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}}\sin \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}3}t}\right)$
${i}_{\mathrm{r}}\left( t\right)= \frac{{I}_{\text{in }}}{n}\left\lbrack {1 -\cos \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}3}t}\right)}\right\rbrack $
其中${\omega }_{\mathrm{r}3}= n/\sqrt{{L}_{1k}{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}$
${i}_{\mathrm{r}}= {I}_{\mathrm{{in}}}/n,{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}1}$ 导通,${D}_{\mathrm{a}2}\mathrm{{ZCS}}$ 关断,${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}$ 达到其最大值${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a},\max }}$,模态 7 结束。
模态$8\left\lbrack {{t}_{7},{t}_{8}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图2(h)所示,${C}_{\mathrm{a}}\text{、}{L}_{\mathrm{a}}\text{、}{L}_{\mathrm{l}k}\text{、}{C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 开始谐振,如果${n}^{2}{C}_{\mathrm{r}}> >{C}_{\mathrm{a}}$${L}_{1k}/{n}^{2}< <{L}_{\mathrm{a}}$,那么${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}$${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}$ 的表达式分别为
${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}\left( t\right)= {V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}- \frac{{I}_{\text{in }}}{n{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}\left({t -{t}_{7}}\right)$
${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left( t\right)= \frac{{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}1}}{n}- {V}_{\text{in }}+ \\\left({{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a},\max }}- \frac{{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}}{n}}\right)\cos \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}1}\left({t -{t}_{7}}\right)}\right\rbrack +\\\left({{V}_{\text{in }}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}}{n}}\right)\cos \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}1}\left({t -{t}_{7}}\right)}\right\rbrack \\{i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left( t\right)= \left({{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a},\max }}- \frac{{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}}{n}}\right)\sqrt{\frac{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}}\sin \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}1}\left({t -{t}_{7}}\right)}\right\rbrack +\\\left({{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}}{n}}\right)\sqrt{\frac{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}}\sin \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}1}\left({t -{t}_{7}}\right)}\right\rbrack $
${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}$ 降至$0,{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}1}\mathrm{{ZCS}}$ 关断。
模态$9\left\lbrack {{t}_{8},{t}_{9}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图2(i)所示,${I}_{\text{in }}$ 通过变压器对${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 进行放电,使${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$ 降低。当$\mathrm{S}$ 导通,${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$ 达到其最小值${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\min }}$,模态 9 结束。
图4(a)为变压器$\mathrm{T}$ 副边在模态 1 和模态$7 \sim$ 模态 9 的等效电路,在 1 个开关周期${T}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 内流经二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 的平均电流${I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1\_ \text{ave }}}$ 的表达式为
${I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1\text{ _ave }}}= {\int }_{{t}_{6}}^{{t}_{9}}{i}_{\text{sec }}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t +{\int }_{{t}_{0}}^{{t}_{1}}{i}_{\text{sec }}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t $
式中,${i}_{\text{sec }}$ 为变压器$\mathrm{T}$ 副边电流。
图4(b)为变压器$\mathrm{T}$ 副边在模态 2~模态 4 的等效电路,在 1 个开关周期${T}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 内流经二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 的平均电流${I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2\_ \text{ave }}}$ 的表达式为
${I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2\_ \text{ave }}}= {\int }_{{t}_{1}}^{{t}_{4}}{i}_{\text{sec }}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t $
根据稳态条件下电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 的安秒平衡,在 1 个开关周期${T}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 内流经电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 的平均电流为 0,即
$\frac{1}{{T}_{\mathrm{s}}}{\int }_{{t}_{0}}^{{t}_{0}}{i}_{\text{sec }}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t ={I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{{1}_{- }\text{ave }}}- {I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{{2}_{- }\text{ave }}}= 0 $
根据输出滤波电容${C}_{\mathrm{o}1}$${C}_{\mathrm{o}2}$ 的安秒平衡,1 个开关周期内流经${C}_{\mathrm{o}1}$${C}_{\mathrm{o}2}$ 的平均电流为 0,因此有
${I}_{\text{LED1 }}= {I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1\_ \text{ave }}}= {I}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2\_ \text{ave }}}= {I}_{\mathrm{{LED}}2}$
式中,${I}_{\mathrm{{LED}}1}$${I}_{\mathrm{{LED}}2}$ 分别为流经$\mathrm{{LED}}1$$\mathrm{{LED}}2$ 的电流。
由式 (16)可见, 本文所提电路能够实现两路 LED 之间的均流, 理论上两路 LED 电流之间无偏差, 能够实现较高的均流精度。对于图1所示的拓扑, 由于每个变压器模块串联连接, 每个变压器模块流经的电流近似相等,因此$n$ 路 LED 的输出电流近似相等,各路 LED 电流最大误差$\Delta {I}_{\mathrm{{LED}}}\%$ 为各变压器励磁电感电流之差归算到副边的最大值, 即
$\Delta {I}_{\mathrm{{LED}}}\%= \frac{n\max \left({{L}_{mi}- {L}_{mj}}\right){V}_{\text{in }}}{{I}_{\mathrm{{LED}}}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{k = 1}}^{{k = m}}{L}_{mk}}\;i, j, k = 1,2,\cdots, m $
式中,$\max \left({{L}_{mi}- {L}_{mj}}\right)$ 为各串联变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{T}}_{m}$ 励磁电感之差的最大值。
从模态 2 到模态 4,变压器漏感${L}_{\mathrm{l}k}$ 和电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 的谐振持续了 0.5 个谐振周期,${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$ 由最小值${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\min }}$ 上升至最大值${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}$,因此${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\min }}$${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}$ 的表达式分别为
${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\min }}= {V}_{\mathrm{{sec}}}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- \frac{{\int }_{{t}_{1}}^{{t}_{4}}{i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t}{2{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$
${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}= {V}_{\mathrm{{sec}}}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}+ \frac{{\int }_{{t}_{1}}^{{t}_{4}}{i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t}{2{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$
式中,${V}_{\text{sec }}$ 为模态 2 到模态 4 期间变压器$\mathrm{T}$ 的副边电压,其值为$n{V}_{\text{in }}$
根据电容${C}_{\mathrm{o}1}$${C}_{\mathrm{o}2}$ 的安秒平衡,在 1 个开关周期内流经二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 的平均电流与输出电流${I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 相等,因此式(18)与式(19)也可以分别表示为
${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\min }}= {V}_{\mathrm{{sec}}}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- \frac{{I}_{\mathrm{o}}}{2{C}_{\mathrm{r}}{f}_{\mathrm{s}}}$
${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}= {V}_{\mathrm{{sec}}}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}+ \frac{{I}_{\mathrm{o}}}{2{C}_{\mathrm{r}}{f}_{\mathrm{s}}}$
模态 7 结束时,${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}$ 达到其最大值${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}\_ \max }}$。根据式( 8 )和式( 21 ),${V}_{{C}_{a -\max }}$ 的表达式为
${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}- \max }}= \frac{\frac{{I}_{\mathrm{o}}}{2{C}_{\mathrm{r}}{f}_{\mathrm{s}}}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}1}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}}{n}+ {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}- \frac{{I}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}{n}\sqrt{\frac{{L}_{\mathrm{l}k}}{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}}$
${t}_{7}$ 时刻开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 两端电压为$-{v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}$${V}_{\text{in }}$ 之和, 因此开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 的最大电压应力${V}_{\mathrm{S}\_ \max }$ 可以表示为
${V}_{{\mathrm{S}}_{- }\max }= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- \frac{{I}_{\mathrm{o}}}{2{C}_{\mathrm{r}}{f}_{\mathrm{s}}}}{n}+ \frac{{I}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}{n}\sqrt{\frac{{L}_{\mathrm{l}k}}{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}}$
模态 6 持续期间,${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}$${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{c}}}$ 上升至$\left({{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}- }\right.$ $\left.{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}\right)/{n}_{0}$ 由式(7)可得模态 6 的持续时间为
${t}_{6}- {t}_{5}= \frac{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}{{I}_{\text{in }}}\left({-{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{c}}}+ \frac{{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}1}}{n}}\right)$
模态 7 持续期间,${L}_{1k}$$C$ 的谐振持续了 0.25 个谐振周期, 因此模态 7 的持续时间为
${t}_{7}- {t}_{6}= \frac{\pi \sqrt{{L}_{1k}{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}}{2n}$
模态 8 和模态 9 持续期间,${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$${V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }}$ 降低至${V}_{{C}_{r,\min }}$。由式(10)可得模态 8 和模态 9 的持续时间为
${t}_{9}- {t}_{7}= \frac{n{I}_{\mathrm{o}}}{{f}_{\mathrm{s}}{I}_{\text{in }}}$
式中,${I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 为任意一路 LED 的电流。
模态 6 到模态 9 期间开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 均处于关断状态, 因此模态 6 到模态 9 的持续时间也可以表示为
${t}_{9}- {t}_{5}= \frac{1 - D}{{f}_{\mathrm{s}}}$
式中,$D$${f}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 分别为开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 的占空比和开关频率。
为便于分析, 忽略驱动电源的损耗, 则输入功率与输出功率相等,即
${V}_{\text{in }}{I}_{\text{in }}= \left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}}\right){I}_{\mathrm{o}}$
根据欧姆定律则有
$\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}}{{R}_{\mathrm{e}1}}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{o}2}}{{R}_{\mathrm{e}2}}= {I}_{\mathrm{o}}$
式中,${R}_{\mathrm{e}1}$${R}_{\mathrm{e}2}$ 分别为 LED1 和 LED2 的等效电阻。
根据式(24)~式(29),变换器的电压增益为
$\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}= \frac{n + A - B}{1 - D - C}$
式中:$A =\frac{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}{I}_{\mathrm{o}}}{{2n}{C}_{\mathrm{r}}};B =\frac{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}{f}_{\mathrm{s}}\left({{R}_{\mathrm{e}1}+ {R}_{\mathrm{e}2}}\right)}{n};C =\frac{\pi {f}_{\mathrm{s}}\sqrt{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}{L}_{\mathrm{l}k}}}{2n}$
由于$A - B << n$$C << 1 - D$,因此式 (30) 可以简化为
$\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\approx \frac{n}{1 - D}$
本文所提驱动电源结构与隔离型的SEPIC变换器相似, 但隔离型SEPIC变换器的变压器需要储存能量, 从而导致变换器的效率下降。本文所使用的变压器不需要储存能量, 其励磁电感可以设计为较大值, 因此可以有效降低变压器的损耗。
所提驱动电源的损耗可分为二极管损耗、开关管损耗、电感和变压器损耗及电容损耗。
二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}1},{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}2},{\mathrm{D}}_{1},{\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 的损耗可以表示为
${P}_{\mathrm{d}}= {V}_{\mathrm{d}}{I}_{\mathrm{d}\_ \text{av }}$
式中:${V}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 为二极管两端电压;${I}_{\mathrm{d}\_ \mathrm{{av}}}$ 为 1 个开关周期内流经二极管的平均电流。
由于可以实现开关管$\mathrm{S}$$\mathrm{{ZCS}}$ 导通和$\mathrm{{ZVS}}$ 关断,因此忽略$\mathrm{S}$ 的开关损耗,故开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 的损耗仅有导通损耗, 其表达式为
${P}_{\mathrm{s}}= {I}_{\mathrm{{ds}}\_ \mathrm{{rms}}}^{2}{R}_{\mathrm{{ds}}\_ \mathrm{{on}}}$
式中:${I}_{\mathrm{{ds}}\_ \mathrm{{rms}}}$ 为 1 个开关周期内流经开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 电流的有效值;${R}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}$ 为开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 的导通电阻。
电感${L}_{\mathrm{b}}\text{、}{L}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 及变压器$\mathrm{T}$ 的损耗包括线圈损耗和磁芯损耗,其中电感和变压器的线圈损耗${P}_{L}$${P}_{\mathrm{T}}$ 分别为
${P}_{L}= {I}_{L\_ \text{rms }}^{2}{R}_{L}$
${P}_{\mathrm{T}}= {I}_{\mathrm{T}\_ \text{rms }1}^{2}{R}_{\mathrm{T}1}+ {I}_{\mathrm{T}\_ \text{rms }2}^{2}{R}_{\mathrm{T}2}$
式中:${I}_{L\_ \text{rms }}$ 为流经电感的有效值;${R}_{L}$ 为绕组的电阻值;${I}_{\mathrm{T}\_ \mathrm{{rms}}1}$${I}_{\mathrm{T}\_ \mathrm{{rms}}2}$ 分别为变压器一次绕组和二次绕组电流的有效值;${R}_{\mathrm{T}1}$${R}_{\mathrm{T}2}$ 分别为变压器一次绕组和二次绕组的电阻值。
电感和变压器的磁芯损耗为
${P}_{\mathrm{M}}= \eta {f}_{\mathrm{s}}^{\alpha }{B}^{\beta }{V}_{\mathrm{c}}$
式中:$\eta$ 为损耗系数;$B$ 为磁芯的工作磁感应强度;$\alpha$$\beta$ 分别为频率损耗系数和磁感应损耗系数;${V}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 为磁芯体积。
电容${C}_{\mathrm{o}1}\text{、}{C}_{\mathrm{o}2}$${C}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 的损耗表达式为
${P}_{C}= {I}_{C\_ \text{rms }}^{2}{R}_{C\_ \text{ESR }}$
式中:${I}_{{C}_{- }\mathrm{{rms}}}$ 为电容电流有效值;${R}_{{C}_{- }\mathrm{{ESR}}}$ 为电容等效串联电阻值。
为了减小输入电流纹波并降低损耗, 因此考虑使 Boost 电感工作在 CCM 模式, 假设输入电流允许的纹波为$I\%$,则 Boost 电感的最小值${L}_{\mathrm{b},\min }$
${L}_{\mathrm{b},\min }= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}^{2}D}{{f}_{\mathrm{s}}{P}_{\mathrm{o}}{\Delta I}\%} $
式中,${P}_{0}$ 为输出功率。
对于输入电压为${12}\mathrm{\;V}$、开关频率为${100}\mathrm{{kHz}}$、 输出功率为${7.9}\mathrm{\;W}$、输出电压为${40}\mathrm{\;V}$、设计占空比$D$ 为 0.4、输入电流纹波为${30}\%$,根据式(38)选取 Boost 的电感为${300\mu }\mathrm{H}$
根据给定的输入电压、输出电压和占空比, 由式(31)计算出变压器副边与原边的匝数比$n = 2$
${L}_{1k}$ 一方面的作用是参与电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 谐振,另一方面的作用是限制开关管导通时电流上升速度, 从而实现开关管 ZCS 导通。因此为了降低开关损耗,${L}_{1k}$ 的最小值${L}_{{1k},\min }$ 需要满足
$\frac{{I}_{\text{in }}{L}_{\mathrm{l}k,\min }}{n\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}+ \frac{{I}_{\mathrm{o}}}{2{C}_{\mathrm{r}}{f}_{\mathrm{s}}}}\right)} = 3{t}_{\mathrm{f}}$
式中,${t}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 为 MOSFET 的下降时间。
为了确保${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 能够$Z\mathrm{{CS}}$ 关断,${L}_{\mathrm{l}k}$${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 谐振需要在开关管在 1 个开关周期导通时间内完成, 因此谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 的最大取值为
${C}_{\mathrm{r},\max }= \frac{{D}^{2}}{{\pi }^{2}{f}_{\mathrm{s}}^{2}{L}_{\mathrm{l}k}}$
对于输出电流为${200}\mathrm{\;{mA}}$、输入电流为${0.7}\mathrm{\;A}$, 通过式(39)和式(40),分别选取${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$${L}_{\mathrm{l}k}$${540}\mathrm{{nF}}$${2\mu }\mathrm{H}$
${C}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 的作用是帮助开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 实现$\mathrm{{ZVS}}$ 关断。根据式(7),较大的${C}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 有助于降低开关管关断电压的上升速度, 从而降低开关管的关断损耗, 但由式(1) 和式(12)可得较大的电容值也会导致流经${C}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 的电流增大,从而增大导通损耗。谐振电感${L}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 需要选取较大值,以最小化${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}2}$ 的反向恢复损耗, 因此模态 3 的持续时间需要足够长, 即有
${t}_{3}- {t}_{2}\geq 5\max \left\{{{t}_{\mathrm{{rr}}1},{t}_{\mathrm{{rr}}2}}\right\}$
式中,${t}_{3}- {t}_{2}= \sqrt{\frac{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}{{L}_{\mathrm{a}}}}\frac{{v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left({t}_{0}\right){L}_{\mathrm{a}}\sin \left\lbrack {{\cos }^{-1}\left(\frac{{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{c}}}}{{v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left({t}_{0}\right)}\right)}\right\rbrack }{{V}_{{C}_{\mathrm{c}}}}$,其
${t}_{\mathrm{{rr}}1}$${t}_{\mathrm{{rr}}2}$ 分别为${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{a}2}$ 的反向恢复时间。
根据式(11),${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left({t}_{0}\right)$ 的表达式为
${v}_{{C}_{\mathrm{a}}}\left( 0\right)= \frac{2\left({\frac{{I}_{\mathrm{o}}}{2{C}_{\mathrm{r}}{f}_{\mathrm{s}}}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}1}- {V}_{\mathrm{o}2}}\right)}{n}- {v}_{{C}_{{\mathrm{a}}_{- }\max }}$
依据式(41)和式(42)及${t}_{3}- {t}_{2}$ 的表达式,选取${C}_{\mathrm{a}}$${L}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 的值分别为${20}\mathrm{{nF}}$${22\mu }\mathrm{H}$
为了验证方案和理论分析的正确性, 搭建了输入电压为${12}\mathrm{\;V}$、输出电流为${200}\mathrm{\;{mA}}$ 的两路输出的样机,主要参数见表1图5所示为输入电流${i}_{\text{in }}$ 的波形, 输入电流工作在 CCM 模式, 其电流纹波为${212}\mathrm{\;{mA}}$,约为平均值的${30}\%$图6为驱动信号${v}_{\mathrm{{gs}}}$、开关管电流${i}_{\mathrm{S}}$ 及开关管电压${v}_{\mathrm{S}}$ 的波形,发现: 其波形与理论分析的波形相近, 且开关应力为${22.54}\mathrm{\;V}$,与式(23)理论值${22.39}\mathrm{\;V}$ 接近,验证了理论分析的正确性。图7所示为开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 导通时${v}_{\mathrm{S}}$${i}_{\mathrm{S}}$ 的波形,从图中可以看出开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 能够实现导通时的 ZCS。图8所示为开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 关断时${v}_{\mathrm{S}}$${i}_{\mathrm{S}}$ 的波形,理论上开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 能够实现关断时的$\mathrm{{ZVS}}$, 但是由于开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 的下降时间以及电路中存在的寄生电容和寄生电感的谐振, 因此依然有部分关断损耗存在,从而导致实际效率比理论效率偏低。图9所示为$\mathrm{{LED}}1$ 电流${I}_{\mathrm{o}1}$$\mathrm{{LED}}2$ 电流${I}_{\mathrm{o}2}$ 的波形, 其值均为 0.2 A, 可见该驱动电源能够实现较好的均流效果。图10所示为 LED1 电压${V}_{\mathrm{o}1}$ 和 LED2 电压${V}_{\mathrm{o}2}$ 的波形,${V}_{\mathrm{o}1}$${V}_{\mathrm{o}2}$ 分别为${16.64}\mathrm{\;V}$${22.66}\mathrm{\;V}$,两者之和略低于理论上的输出电压大小${40}\mathrm{\;V}$,其主要原因在于二极管以及其他器件上的电压降。根据式(32)~式(37)计算可得理论上的驱动电源总损耗为${0.3573}\mathrm{\;W}$,各元件造成的理论损耗
图11所示。驱动电源的效率为 94.93%,略低于理论效率 95.65%,可见能够实现较高的效率,偏差的主要原因在于还是有部分开关损耗存在和寄生参数导致的损耗以及元件参数标识值与真实值的差距。
为了解决低输入电压场合下的均流问题, 本文提出了一种新型高效率的多路 LED 驱动电源。通过对其工作原理和工作特性的分析, 可以看出该驱动电源电压增益较高, 磁性元件损耗小, 能够实现软开关, 因此较适合低输入电压和低功率的应用场合。对所提方案新型拓扑进行了系统的分析, 并给出了参数设计的步骤, 最后搭建了输出电流为${200}\mathrm{\;{mA}}$ 的样机进行了实验验证,结果显示其效率可达 94.93%,验证了所提方案的可行性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(62173148)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51877085)
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2024年第22卷第4期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.4.270
  • 接收时间:2021-09-03
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-07-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-03
  • 修回日期:2021-10-27
  • 录用日期:2021-12-02
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173148)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(62173148)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51877085)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51877085)
作者信息
    1 华南理工大学 电力学院 广州 510640
    2 华南理工大学 自动化科学与工程学院 广州 510640
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