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The state-of-charge(SOC) of lithium-ion battery is an important parameter for the operation and maintenance of a battery management system(BMS), and its accurate estimation is related to the real-time monitoring and safety control of lithium-ion battery. The traditional unscented Kalman filter(UKF) algorithm has the risk of making the covariance matrix negative when estimating the SOC of lithium battery, and the estimation accuracy is not optimal. To solve the shortcomings of this algorithm, a ternary lithium-ion battery is taken as the research object, and a second-order RC equivalent circuit model is established to describe the working characteristics of the battery. Based on the traditional UKF algorithm, a square-root double unscented Kalman filter(SR-DUKF) algorithm with double unscented transformation is proposed, and it is verified under multiple working conditions. Experimental results show that the improved SR-DUKF algorithm can better estimate the SOC of lithium-ion battery based on the second-order RC equivalent circuit. The average errors under HPPC and BBDST conditions are 0.59% and 0.52%, respectively, and the convergence times are 60 s and 110s, respectively, which verifies that the improved SR-DUKF algorithm has a higher estimation accuracy, better convergence and better robustness.
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锂离子电池的荷电状态是电池管理系统BMS(battery management system)运维的重要参数,对其准确估算关系到锂离子电池的实时监测和安全控制。传统无迹卡尔曼滤波 UKF(unscented Kalman filter)算法在估算锂电池SOC时有使协方差矩阵负定的风险,存在估计精度不高的问题。为解决该算法的不足,以三元锂电池为研究对象,建立二阶RC等效电路模型对电池的工作特性进行表征,在传统的UKF 算法基础上提出一种双 UT 变换的平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波 SR-DUKF(square-root double unscented Kalman filter)算法,并结合多种工况对改进后的算法进行验证。实验结果表明,改进后的SR-DUKF 算法通过二阶RC等效电路能够较好地对锂离子电池SOC进行估算,在HPPC、BBDST 工况下的平均误差分别为0.59%、0.52%,2种工况下的收敛时间分别为60s和110s,验证了改进后 SR-DUKF 算法具有更高的估算精度、更好的收敛性及更优的鲁棒性。
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 |
贾先屹(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:jiaxianyijob@163.com。 |
王顺利(1985-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:wangshunli@swust.edu.cn。
曹文(1974-),男,硕士。研究方向:低功耗智能硬件系统、传感器与检测技术。E-mail:caowen@swust.edu.cn。
乔家璐(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:529755647@qq.com。
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贾先屹(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:jiaxianyijob@163.com。
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贾先屹(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:jiaxianyijob@163.com。
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王顺利(1985-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:wangshunli@swust.edu.cn。
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王顺利(1985-),男,中国电源学会会员,通信作者,博士。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:wangshunli@swust.edu.cn。
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曹文(1974-),男,硕士。研究方向:低功耗智能硬件系统、传感器与检测技术。E-mail:caowen@swust.edu.cn。
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曹文(1974-),男,硕士。研究方向:低功耗智能硬件系统、传感器与检测技术。E-mail:caowen@swust.edu.cn。
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乔家璐(1998-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:新能源测控。E-mail:529755647@qq.com。
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Second-order RC equivalent circuit model, figureFileSmall=JJO2/IBYgEpiorqLDe+N3A==, figureFileBig=OmUied4hG5NgV2ZUhha80g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221505639324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
二阶 RC 等效电路模型, figureFileSmall=JJO2/IBYgEpiorqLDe+N3A==, figureFileBig=OmUied4hG5NgV2ZUhha80g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221585331102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
OCV-SOC curve at room temperature, figureFileSmall=BY63vRLlUSXjSUG1Ju/z6Q==, figureFileBig=nNUCOEI2U12fqvYPTfYw8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221656634273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
室温下 OCV-SOC 曲线, figureFileSmall=BY63vRLlUSXjSUG1Ju/z6Q==, figureFileBig=nNUCOEI2U12fqvYPTfYw8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221719548834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Charge-discharge pulse test curve when $\mathrm{{SOC}}= {0.8}$, figureFileSmall=tg4E5xv20mGQGTEAUszVTw==, figureFileBig=2vWnHbzUrJuPPae0YjxHJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221782463396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
SOC=0.8 时充放电脉冲测试曲线, figureFileSmall=tg4E5xv20mGQGTEAUszVTw==, figureFileBig=2vWnHbzUrJuPPae0YjxHJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221853766566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Comparison of SOC estimation result under HPPC condition, figureFileSmall=NWlcC0pc58FLwfiypW7KyQ==, figureFileBig=UOktwxPbVkklW0W2cmpMZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048221933458344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
HPPC 工况下 SOC 估算结果对比, figureFileSmall=NWlcC0pc58FLwfiypW7KyQ==, figureFileBig=UOktwxPbVkklW0W2cmpMZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048222004761513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Comparison of SOC estimation result under BBDST condition, figureFileSmall=WMWqROJtNyA0bcJTPgx7dw==, figureFileBig=3/THdin+OwAUqQbGkGTG5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048222084453290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
BBDST 工况下 SOC 估算结果对比, figureFileSmall=WMWqROJtNyA0bcJTPgx7dw==, figureFileBig=3/THdin+OwAUqQbGkGTG5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154048222130590635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=
Parameter identification results, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| SOC/100% | ${U}_{\text{oc }}/\mathrm{V}$ | ${R}_{0}/\Omega$ | ${R}_{1}/\Omega$ | ${C}_{1}/\mathrm{F}$ | ${R}_{2}/\Omega$ | ${C}_{2}/\mathrm{F}$ |
| 1.0 | 4.18835 | 0.003351 | ${3.06}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.22}\times {10}^{3}$ | ${6.56}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${3.82}\times {10}^{4}$ |
| 0.9 | 4.05660 | 0.003272 | ${7.68}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${3.05}\times {10}^{4}$ | ${2.99}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.34}\times {10}^{3}$ |
| 0.8 | 3.94045 | 0.003178 | ${1.11}\times {10}^{-3}$ | ${3.06}\times {10}^{4}$ | ${3.02}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.51}\times {10}^{3}$ |
| 0.7 | 3.83750 | 0.003134 | 0.001380 | ${2.99}\times {10}^{4}$ | ${2.98}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.53}\times {10}^{3}$ |
| 0.6 | 3.72965 | 0.003071 | ${2.96}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.57}\times {10}^{3}$ | 0.001028 | ${3.18}\times {10}^{4}$ |
| 0.5 | 3.65805 | 0.003053 | ${2.92}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.55}\times {10}^{3}$ | 0.000996 | ${4.33}\times {10}^{4}$ |
| 0.4 | 3.62350 | 0.003033 | ${8.45}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${4.30}\times {10}^{4}$ | 0.000268 | ${1.78}\times {10}^{3}$ |
| 0.3 | 3.59555 | 0.003022 | ${1.08}\times {10}^{-3}$ | ${4.28}\times {10}^{4}$ | ${2.78}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.73}\times {10}^{3}$ |
| 0.2 | 3.54160 | 0.003411 | 0.002431 | ${4.62}\times {10}^{4}$ | ${2.40}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.36}\times {10}^{3}$ |
| 0.1 | 3.46275 | 0.003289 | 0.000304 | ${1.44}\times {10}^{3}$ | 0.001033 | ${2.65}\times {10}^{4}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1154048222218671020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
参数辨识结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| SOC/100% | ${U}_{\text{oc }}/\mathrm{V}$ | ${R}_{0}/\Omega$ | ${R}_{1}/\Omega$ | ${C}_{1}/\mathrm{F}$ | ${R}_{2}/\Omega$ | ${C}_{2}/\mathrm{F}$ |
| 1.0 | 4.18835 | 0.003351 | ${3.06}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.22}\times {10}^{3}$ | ${6.56}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${3.82}\times {10}^{4}$ |
| 0.9 | 4.05660 | 0.003272 | ${7.68}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${3.05}\times {10}^{4}$ | ${2.99}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.34}\times {10}^{3}$ |
| 0.8 | 3.94045 | 0.003178 | ${1.11}\times {10}^{-3}$ | ${3.06}\times {10}^{4}$ | ${3.02}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.51}\times {10}^{3}$ |
| 0.7 | 3.83750 | 0.003134 | 0.001380 | ${2.99}\times {10}^{4}$ | ${2.98}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.53}\times {10}^{3}$ |
| 0.6 | 3.72965 | 0.003071 | ${2.96}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.57}\times {10}^{3}$ | 0.001028 | ${3.18}\times {10}^{4}$ |
| 0.5 | 3.65805 | 0.003053 | ${2.92}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.55}\times {10}^{3}$ | 0.000996 | ${4.33}\times {10}^{4}$ |
| 0.4 | 3.62350 | 0.003033 | ${8.45}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${4.30}\times {10}^{4}$ | 0.000268 | ${1.78}\times {10}^{3}$ |
| 0.3 | 3.59555 | 0.003022 | ${1.08}\times {10}^{-3}$ | ${4.28}\times {10}^{4}$ | ${2.78}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.73}\times {10}^{3}$ |
| 0.2 | 3.54160 | 0.003411 | 0.002431 | ${4.62}\times {10}^{4}$ | ${2.40}\times {10}^{-4}$ | ${1.36}\times {10}^{3}$ |
| 0.1 | 3.46275 | 0.003289 | 0.000304 | ${1.44}\times {10}^{3}$ | 0.001033 | ${2.65}\times {10}^{4}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1154048222289974190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=
Estimation error of SOC by EKF, UKF and SR-DUKF algorithms in HPPC test, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法名称 | 平均误差$/\%$ | 最大误差/% | 收敛时间/s |
| EKF | 3.83 | 4.60 | 130 |
| UKF | 2.47 | 3.56 | 80 |
| SR-DUKF | 0.59 | 0.92 | 60 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154048222348694448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
HPPC 测试下 EKF、UKF 及 SR-DUKF 对 SOC 的估算误差, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法名称 | 平均误差$/\%$ | 最大误差/% | 收敛时间/s |
| EKF | 3.83 | 4.60 | 130 |
| UKF | 2.47 | 3.56 | 80 |
| SR-DUKF | 0.59 | 0.92 | 60 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154048222399026098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=
Estimation error of SOC by EKF, UKF and SR-DUKF algorithms in BBDST test, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法名称 | 平均误差/% | 最大误差/% | 收敛时间/s |
| EKF | 3.47 | 4.21 | 290 |
| UKF | 2.28 | 3.12 | 200 |
| SR-DUKF | 0.52 | 0.85 | 110 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154048222457746356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154037276033143592, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
BBDST 测试下 EKF、UKF 及 SR-DUKF 对 SOC 的估算误差, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法名称 | 平均误差/% | 最大误差/% | 收敛时间/s |
| EKF | 3.47 | 4.21 | 290 |
| UKF | 2.28 | 3.12 | 200 |
| SR-DUKF | 0.52 | 0.85 | 110 |
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