Article(id=1154038484571513584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.55, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1617638400000, receivedDateStr=2021-04-06, revisedDate=1623254400000, revisedDateStr=2021-06-10, acceptedDate=1623686400000, acceptedDateStr=2021-06-15, onlineDate=1753073815719, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1711728000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753073815719, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753073815719, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753073815719, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154038481564197598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='455', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753073815003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780998609, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=55, endPage=63, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154038484999332595, articleId=1154038484571513584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Research on Six-switch Dual-resonant Converter with Fixed-frequency Phase-shift Control, columnId=1152281491305755501, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=DC-DC Converters, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aimed at the poor voltage regulation performance and large circulating current of the traditional frequency-controlled LLC resonant converter in wide voltage applications, a six-switch dual-resonant LLC converter is designed, which is a hybrid combination of two full-bridge LLC resonant converters sharing one bridge arm. Compared with the traditional frequency control, fixed-frequency phase-shift control is employed in this converter to adjust the output voltage and reduce the switching frequency range. According to different connection modes of two transformers, the converter has two topological forms. When the two transformers are connected in series in the forward polarity, the converter's gain range is 0-1, which can achieve an ultra-wide output voltage range. When the two transformers are connected in series in the reverse polarity, the gain range is 1-2, and the circulating current loss during the working process is small. Under the two topological forms, the ZVS turn-ON of the primary switch tube and ZCS turn-OFF of the secondary diodes can be achieved, respectively. Finally, the validity of the research in this paper was verified by Simulink simulations and experimental results.

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针对传统频率控制的LLC谐振变换器在宽电压应用中电压调节性能差且循环电流较大的问题,设计一种六开关双谐振LLC变换器。该变换器由2个全桥LLC谐振变换器共用1个桥臂混合组成。相较于传统的频率控制,该变换器采用定频移相控制调节输出电压,减小开关频率范围。根据2个变压器连接方式的不同,变换器有2种拓扑形态。当2个变压器顺极性串联时,变换器的增益范围为0~1,可以实现超宽输出电压;当2个变压器反极性串联时,变换器的增益范围为1~2,在工作过程中具有较小的环流损耗。2种拓扑形态下,原边开关管和副边二极管分别实现ZVS开通和ZCS关断。最后,通过Simulink仿真和实验验证了研究内容的有效性。

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潘健(1962-),男,中国电源学会会员,本科,教授。研究方向:控制理论与控制工程、计算机应用技术、电力电子与电力传动等。E-mail: 86146969@qq.com。

宋豪杰(1996-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:LLC谐振变换器。E-mail: 2483358077@qq.com。

刘松林(1994-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:谐振变换器。E-mail: 1178144337@qq.com。

熊嘉鑫(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:控制理论。E-mail: 850334270@qq.com。

石迪(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:LLC 谐振变换器。E-mail: 2497940296@qq.com。

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潘健(1962-),男,中国电源学会会员,本科,教授。研究方向:控制理论与控制工程、计算机应用技术、电力电子与电力传动等。E-mail: 86146969@qq.com。

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潘健(1962-),男,中国电源学会会员,本科,教授。研究方向:控制理论与控制工程、计算机应用技术、电力电子与电力传动等。E-mail: 86146969@qq.com。

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宋豪杰(1996-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:LLC谐振变换器。E-mail: 2483358077@qq.com。

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宋豪杰(1996-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:LLC谐振变换器。E-mail: 2483358077@qq.com。

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刘松林(1994-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:谐振变换器。E-mail: 1178144337@qq.com。

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熊嘉鑫(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:控制理论。E-mail: 850334270@qq.com。

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熊嘉鑫(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:控制理论。E-mail: 850334270@qq.com。

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石迪(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:LLC 谐振变换器。E-mail: 2497940296@qq.com。

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石迪(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:LLC 谐振变换器。E-mail: 2497940296@qq.com。

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caption=Soft-switching characteristics of Topology II, figureFileSmall=6JEX//3WqF8tZf8rC4s3Bg==, figureFileBig=cRcgN/MztMMgaodNeHx1cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038651387371556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484571513584, language=CN, label=图16, caption=拓扑结构 II 的软开关特性, figureFileSmall=6JEX//3WqF8tZf8rC4s3Bg==, figureFileBig=cRcgN/MztMMgaodNeHx1cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038651462869031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484571513584, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Performance comparison, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 开关管数量/ 个 二极管数量/ 个 变压器数量/ 台 调制方法 滤波电容数量/个 电压范围/V
文献 [14] 6 2 1 PWM 1 250~ 420
文献 [15] 4 4 2 PFM 4 50~ 420
文献 [16] 8 6 2 PFM+ PSM 1 150~ 500
本文方案 6 4 2 PSM 1 10~ 420
), ArticleFig(id=1154038651542560809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484571513584, language=CN, label=表1, caption=性能对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 开关管数量/ 个 二极管数量/ 个 变压器数量/ 台 调制方法 滤波电容数量/个 电压范围/V
文献 [14] 6 2 1 PWM 1 250~ 420
文献 [15] 4 4 2 PFM 4 50~ 420
文献 [16] 8 6 2 PFM+ PSM 1 150~ 500
本文方案 6 4 2 PSM 1 10~ 420
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定频移相控制六开关双谐振变换器研究
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潘健 , 宋豪杰 , 刘松林 , 熊嘉鑫 , 石迪
电源学报 | DC-DC 变换器 2024,22(2): 55-63
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电源学报 | DC-DC 变换器 2024, 22(2): 55-63
定频移相控制六开关双谐振变换器研究
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潘健 , 宋豪杰 , 刘松林 , 熊嘉鑫 , 石迪
作者信息
  • 湖北工业大学 电气与电子工程学院 武汉 430068
  • 潘健(1962-),男,中国电源学会会员,本科,教授。研究方向:控制理论与控制工程、计算机应用技术、电力电子与电力传动等。E-mail: 86146969@qq.com。

    宋豪杰(1996-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:LLC谐振变换器。E-mail: 2483358077@qq.com。

    刘松林(1994-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:谐振变换器。E-mail: 1178144337@qq.com。

    熊嘉鑫(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:控制理论。E-mail: 850334270@qq.com。

    石迪(1996-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:LLC 谐振变换器。E-mail: 2497940296@qq.com。

Research on Six-switch Dual-resonant Converter with Fixed-frequency Phase-shift Control
Jian PAN , Haojie SONG , Songlin LIU , Jiaxin XIONG , Di SHI
Affiliations
  • School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
出版时间: 2024-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.55
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针对传统频率控制的LLC谐振变换器在宽电压应用中电压调节性能差且循环电流较大的问题,设计一种六开关双谐振LLC变换器。该变换器由2个全桥LLC谐振变换器共用1个桥臂混合组成。相较于传统的频率控制,该变换器采用定频移相控制调节输出电压,减小开关频率范围。根据2个变压器连接方式的不同,变换器有2种拓扑形态。当2个变压器顺极性串联时,变换器的增益范围为0~1,可以实现超宽输出电压;当2个变压器反极性串联时,变换器的增益范围为1~2,在工作过程中具有较小的环流损耗。2种拓扑形态下,原边开关管和副边二极管分别实现ZVS开通和ZCS关断。最后,通过Simulink仿真和实验验证了研究内容的有效性。

定频移相控制  /  谐振变换器  /  宽输出电压  /  软开关

Aimed at the poor voltage regulation performance and large circulating current of the traditional frequency-controlled LLC resonant converter in wide voltage applications, a six-switch dual-resonant LLC converter is designed, which is a hybrid combination of two full-bridge LLC resonant converters sharing one bridge arm. Compared with the traditional frequency control, fixed-frequency phase-shift control is employed in this converter to adjust the output voltage and reduce the switching frequency range. According to different connection modes of two transformers, the converter has two topological forms. When the two transformers are connected in series in the forward polarity, the converter's gain range is 0-1, which can achieve an ultra-wide output voltage range. When the two transformers are connected in series in the reverse polarity, the gain range is 1-2, and the circulating current loss during the working process is small. Under the two topological forms, the ZVS turn-ON of the primary switch tube and ZCS turn-OFF of the secondary diodes can be achieved, respectively. Finally, the validity of the research in this paper was verified by Simulink simulations and experimental results.

Fixed-frequency phase-shift control  /  resonant converter  /  wide output voltage  /  soft switching
潘健, 宋豪杰, 刘松林, 熊嘉鑫, 石迪. 定频移相控制六开关双谐振变换器研究. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (2) : 55 -63 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.55
Jian PAN, Haojie SONG, Songlin LIU, Jiaxin XIONG, Di SHI. Research on Six-switch Dual-resonant Converter with Fixed-frequency Phase-shift Control[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (2) : 55 -63 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.55
LLC 谐振变换器作为一种常见的隔离型 DC-DC 变换器, 在负载范围内可实现原边侧开关管的零电压导通和副边侧二极管的零电流关断, 具有高效、高功率密度和低电磁干扰 EMI(electro-magnetic interference) 等优点, 被广泛应用在航天系统、电动汽车电池充电、服务器电源等领域[1-8]
传统变频 LLC 谐振变换器在实现宽电压范围时, 开关频率变化范围较大, 宽频率变化范围不利于变压器等磁性元件的优化设计, 且降低了系统的功率密度[9-11]。特别地,当开关频率比谐振频率过低时, 谐振变换器的原边侧开关管可能会失去 ZVS 特性, 增加开关导通损耗, 同时出现较大的循环电流, 降低系统效率;当开关频率大于谐振频率时,谐振变换器副边侧整流二极管失去 ZCS 特性,产生反向恢复损耗, 而且输出电压不易调节。同时, 较宽的开关频率范围使得基波分析法的精确性降低, 系统参数设计复杂[12-13]。因此,传统调频 LLC 谐振变换器不适合于宽电压范围的应用。
为了让 LLC 谐振变换器应用在宽电压范围,国内外研究人员提出了多种改进方案。文献[14]提出了一种定频 PWM 控制双桥 LLC 谐振变换器。该拓扑由全桥 LLC 和半桥 LLC 电路组成, 通过 PWM 控制开关周期中全桥和半桥的工作时间百分比调节输出电压,可实现 2 倍增益范围。然而,额外增加的 2 个开关管均以硬开关的模式工作, 增加了系统损耗。文献[15]提出了一种具有级联倍压电路的半桥双 LLC 谐振变换器, 通过改变副边整流电路的工作模式, 结合频率控制来实现宽输出电压。但该拓扑结构设计成本较高, 而且控制策略较为复杂。文献[16]提出了一种变频 - 移相控制的带混合整流器的交错型双 LLC 谐振变换器。原边侧部分由 2 个 LLC 谐振变换器并联组成, 副边二次侧绕组的连接方式根据控制策略的不同而改变。在变频和移相 2 种控制策略的切换下实现宽输出电压, 明显缩小了开关频率范围。然而这种方案需要较多的元器件, 增加了系统体积和成本。
基于此, 本文设计一种定频移相控制的六开关双谐振变换器。该变换器由 2 个全桥 LLC 电路混合组成, 通过共用 1 个开关桥臂来减少开关数量。 在定频移相的控制下, 根据 2 个变压器连接方式的不同, 变换器有 2 种拓扑形态。拓扑 1 的增益范围为 0~1,具有较好的电压调节性能,可以实现超宽输出电压;拓扑 2 的增益范围为 1~2,在工作过程中具有较小的环流损耗。
六开关双谐振变换器拓扑结构如图1 所示。图1(a) 为 2 个变压器顺极性串联时的六开关双谐振变换器,记为拓扑结构 I。它由 2 个全桥 FB(full bridge) LLC 电路混合组成, 第一个 FB 部分由开关${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{S}}_{4}$,励磁电感${L}_{\mathrm{{ml}}}$ 和高频变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{1}$ 组成,第二个 FB 部分由开关${\mathrm{S}}_{3}\sim {\mathrm{S}}_{6}$,励磁电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}2}$ 和高频变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{2}$ 组成,且 2 个全桥连接时共用一个开关桥臂$\mathrm{B}$ $\left({{\mathrm{S}}_{3}/{\mathrm{S}}_{4}}\right)$。此时,2 个变压器顺极性串联,两变比相等, 即${n}_{1}= {n}_{2}$。谐振电感${L}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 和谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 组成的 LC 谐振网络位于变换器的副边侧,整流二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 和输出滤波电容${C}_{0}$ 构成整流滤波电路,${R}_{0}$ 为电路负载。${v}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$${v}_{\mathrm{{BC}}}$ 分别为 2 个变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{1}$${\mathrm{T}}_{2}$ 的一次侧电压,${v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}$$\mathrm{{LC}}$ 谐振槽输入电压,${v}_{\mathrm{{FG}}}$ 为全桥整流器输入电压。图1(b) 为 2 个变压器反极性串联时的六开关双谐振变换器,记拓扑结构$\mathrm{{II}}$。它则是改变拓扑结构$\mathrm{I}$ 中 2 个变压器的连接方式,使变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{1}$ 的极性相反,其余部分与拓扑结构$\mathrm{I}$ 一致。
图2 为变换器的控制框图,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{S}}_{6}$ 的开关频率等于谐振频率${f}_{\mathrm{s}}$,且均以${50}\%$ 占空比导通。其中,通过调节开关${\mathrm{S}}_{5}\text{、}{\mathrm{S}}_{6}$ 的移相角$\theta$ 实现输出电压${V}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 的变化,移相角$\theta$ 的范围为$0 \sim \pi$。当移相角$\theta = 0$ 时,输出电压${V}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 最低; 当移相角$\theta =\pi$ 时,输出电压$V$。最高。
2 种拓扑结构的关键波形如图3 所示。拓扑结构$\mathrm{I}$ 的关键波形如图3(a) 所示。当移相角$\theta$ 为 0 时,开关${S}_{1}\text{、}{S}_{4}\text{、}{S}_{5}$ 的驱动脉冲相同,开关${S}_{2}\text{、}{S}_{3}\text{、}{S}_{6}$ 的驱动脉冲相同,此时变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{1}$ 一次侧两端电压${v}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$$\pm {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}$,变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{2}$ 一次侧两端电压${v}_{\mathrm{{BC}}}$$\mp {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}$,因此 2 个变压器一次侧电压完全相互抵消,即${v}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}+ {v}_{\mathrm{{BC}}}=$ 0,输出电压${V}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 为 0,归一化电压增益为 0 ; 当移相角$0 <\theta <\pi$ 时,${v}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ 两端电压为$\pm {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}},{v}_{\mathrm{{BC}}}$ 两端为三电平电压${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}\text{、}0\text{、}- {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}$,随着移相角的增大,输出电压越来越大; 当移相角$\theta =\pi$ 时,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{4}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{6}$ 的触发信号相同,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{2}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{3}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{5}$ 的触发信号相同,${v}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ 两端电压为$\pm {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}},{v}_{\mathrm{{BC}}}$ 两端为 0,2 个变压器一次侧电压之和为${v}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}+ {v}_{\mathrm{{BC}}}= \pm {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}$,该谐振变换器相当于工作在一个传统定频 FB-LLC 谐振变换器模式, 因此归一化电压增益为 1。故该谐振变换器的归一化增益范围 0~1, 可以实现超宽输出电压范围。谐振变换器的增益曲线如图4 所示。
图4(a)中可以看出,该谐振变换器的负载对电压增益影响较小;图4(b) 中电感比几乎独立于系统增益。
拓扑结构 II 的关键波形如图3(b) 所示。当移相角$\theta$ 为 0 时,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{4}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{6}$ 的驱动脉冲相同,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ 的驱动脉冲相同,变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{1}$ 一次侧两端电压${v}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$$\pm {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}$,变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{2}$ 一次侧两端电压${v}_{\mathrm{{BC}}}$ 为 0, 此时输出电压只由第一个变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{1}$ 提供能量,有最小电压增益${G}_{\min }= 1$; 当移相角$0 <\theta <\pi$ 时,输出电压随着移相角的增加而增大; 当移相角$\theta =\pi$ 时,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ 的驱动脉冲相同,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$${\mathrm{S}}_{6}$ 的驱动脉冲相同, 该变换器相当于工作在 2 个传统定频 FB-LLC 谐振变换器模式,有最大增益${G}_{\max }= 2$。因此, 拓扑结构 II 的最大电压增益与最小电压增益之比${G}_{\text{range}}= 2$
本文主要对拓扑结构$\mathrm{I}$$0 <\theta <\pi$ 情况下的稳态特性进行分析,拓扑结构 II 的稳态分析可以类似于拓扑 I。拓扑结构 I 关键波形如图3(a) 所示。其中${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$$\mathrm{{LC}}$ 谐振槽电流,${v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}$ 为三电平电压模式,${v}_{\mathrm{{FG}}}$ 为四电平电压模式。一个开关周期包含 10 种工作模态,由于一个周期内波形是对称的, 因此只分析半个周期的工作模态, 其对应的工作模态如图5 所示。
为了便于变换器的稳态分析做如下假设:(1) 所有有源开关管$\left({{\mathrm{S}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{S}}_{6}}\right)$ 都是理想的;(2) 所有有源开关管的寄生电容值大小相同;(3) 副边侧整流二极管均为理想元件,忽略其导通压降。
模态$1\left\lbrack {{t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图5(a) 所示,在${t}_{0}$ 时刻,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{4}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{6}$ 导通。在该工作模态下,变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{1}$ 一次侧电压${v}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ 等于输入电压${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}$,变压器${\mathrm{T}}_{2}$ 一次侧电压${v}_{\mathrm{{BC}}}$ 为 0,此时,励磁电流${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}$ 线性上升,励磁电流${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}$ 保持不变。在 2 个变压器的二次侧,${v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}$ 等于${n}_{1}{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}$,${v}_{\mathrm{{FG}}}$ 等于输出电压${V}_{\mathrm{o}}$。谐振电流${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 开始以正方向增加,副边侧整流二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 导通。开关${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ 两端的电压均为输入电压${V}_{\text{in }}$,二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$ 两端的电压都等于输出电压${V}_{0}$。此时谐振电流和谐振电容电压的表达式为
${i}_{\mathrm{r}}\left( t\right)= {i}_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t}_{0}\right)\cos \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t -{t}_{1}}\right)}\right\rbrack +\frac{{v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}- {v}_{\mathrm{{cr}}0}- {v}_{\mathrm{{FG}}}}{{Z}_{\mathrm{r}}}.\\\sin \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t -{t}_{1}}\right)}\right\rbrack \\{v}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\left( t\right)= \left({{v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}- {v}_{\mathrm{{cr}}0}- {v}_{\mathrm{{FG}}}}\right)\cos \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t -{t}_{1}}\right)}\right\rbrack +{Z}_{\mathrm{r}}{i}_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t}_{0}\right). \\\cos \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t -{t}_{1}}\right)}\right\rbrack $
式中:${v}_{\mathrm{{FG}}}= {V}_{\mathrm{o}};\mathrm{{LC}}$ 谐振槽输入电压${v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}= {n}_{1}{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}};{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}= {2\pi }{f}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 为谐振电感和谐振电容的谐振角频率;${Z}_{\mathrm{r}}= \sqrt{{L}_{\mathrm{r}}/{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$ 为特征阻抗。
模态$2\left\lbrack {{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{2}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图5(b) 所示,在${t}_{1}$ 时刻,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{6}$ 关断,${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$ 仍然导通。谐振变换器进入到开关${\mathrm{S}}_{5}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{6}$ 的死区时间。在这种工作模态下,电流${i}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 开始对开关${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$${\mathrm{S}}_{6}$ 的寄生电容分别放电、充电,当开关${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ 的寄生电容放电完成后, 其漏源极两端电压为 0, 电流${i}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 反向流过开关${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ 的体二极管,为开关${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$${t}_{2}$ 时刻 ZVS 导通做准备。
模态$3\left\lbrack {{t}_{2}\sim {t}_{3}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图5(c) 所示,在${t}_{2}$ 时刻,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ 实现零电压导通。在这个工作模态下,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{S}}_{4}\text{、}{\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ 一直导通,${v}_{\mathrm{{AB}}}$ 仍然等于输入电压${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}},{v}_{\mathrm{{BC}}}$ 从模态 1 中的 0 变为$-{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}$,励磁电流${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}$ 继续上升,励磁电流${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}$ 开始下降。此时,$\mathrm{{LC}}$ 谐振槽的输入电压${v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}$ 为 0,谐振电流${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 开始下降。在${t}_{3}$ 时刻,谐振电流${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 达到 0,模态 3 结束。谐振电流${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 和谐振电容电压${v}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}$ 表达式为
${i}_{\mathrm{r}}\left( t\right)= {i}_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t}_{1}\right)\cos \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t -{t}_{3}}\right)}\right\rbrack +\frac{{v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}- {v}_{\mathrm{{crl}}}- {v}_{\mathrm{{FG}}}}{{Z}_{\mathrm{r}}}.\\\sin \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t -{t}_{3}}\right)}\right\rbrack \\{v}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\left( t\right)= \left({{v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}- {v}_{\mathrm{{crl}}}- {v}_{\mathrm{{FG}}}}\right)\cos \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t -{t}_{3}}\right)}\right\rbrack +{Z}_{\mathrm{r}}{i}_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t}_{1}\right). \\\cos \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t -{t}_{3}}\right)}\right\rbrack $
式中:${v}_{\mathrm{{FG}}}= {V}_{\mathrm{o}};\mathrm{{LC}}$ 谐振槽输入电压${v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}= 0$; 特征阻抗${Z}_{\mathrm{r}}= \sqrt{{L}_{\mathrm{r}}/{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$
模态$4\left\lbrack {{t}_{3}\sim {t}_{4}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图5(d) 所示,在${t}_{3}$ 时刻,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{4}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{5}$ 仍然导通。在这种工作模态下,谐振电流${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 为 0,电流${i}_{\mathrm{A}}$ 和励磁电流${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}$ 相等,电流${i}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 和励磁电流${i}_{{L}_{u2}}$ 相等,谐振变换器原边侧不向副边侧传递能量。此时,整流二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 实现零电流关断,因此副边侧二极管不存在反向恢复电流。负载仅由输出电容${C}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 提供能量。电流${i}_{\mathrm{A}}$${i}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 的表达式为
${i}_{\mathrm{A}}\left( t\right)= {i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{{ml}}}}\left({t -{t}_{4}}\right)$
${i}_{\mathrm{C}}\left( t\right)= {i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{n}2}}\left({t -{t}_{4}}\right)$
模态$5\left\lbrack {{t}_{4}\sim {t}_{5}}\right\rbrack$ : 如图5 $\left(\mathrm{e}\right)$图5 $\left(\mathrm{f}\right)$ 所示,在${t}_{4}$ 时刻,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{4}$ 关断,只有${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ 导通。谐振电流${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 为 0, 电流${i}_{\mathrm{B}}$ 为两个励磁电流之和,即${i}_{\mathrm{B}}= {i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{{ad}}}}+ {i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{{ad}}}}$。此时,电流${i}_{\mathrm{B}}$ 给开关${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$ 的寄生电容分别放电、充电,电流${i}_{\mathrm{A}}$ 给开关${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 的寄生电容分别充电、放电。当开关${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ 的寄生电容完全放电完成后,${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ 的漏源极电压为 0,电流${i}_{\mathrm{A}}$${i}_{\mathrm{B}}$ 分别反向流过${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ 的体二极管,为开关${\mathrm{S}}_{2}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{3}$ 的零电压导通做准备。在${t}_{5}$ 时刻,开关${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$${\mathrm{\;S}}_{3}$ 实现$\mathrm{{ZVS}}$ 导通。
为了验证本文提出方案的有效性, 在 Matlab/ Simulink 中对上述 2 种方案进行仿真。系统参数如下:拓扑结构$\mathrm{I}$ 中输入电压为${390}\mathrm{\;V}$,输出电压为${10}\sim {420}\mathrm{\;V}$,额定功率为$2\mathrm{\;{kW}}$,谐振频率为${100}\mathrm{{kHz}}$;拓扑结构 II 中输入电压为${230}\mathrm{\;V}$,输出电压为${250}\sim$ ${500}\mathrm{\;V}$,额定功率为$2\mathrm{\;{kW}}$,谐振频率为${100}\mathrm{{kHz}}$。其他参数:谐振电感${L}_{\mathrm{r}}= {17\mu }\mathrm{H}$;谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}= {150}\mathrm{{nF}}$;励磁电感${L}_{\mathrm{{ml}},2}= {150\mu }\mathrm{H}$; 变压器匝比${n}_{1,2}= {14}/{13}$
图6图7 分别为拓扑结构 I 和拓扑结构 II 在满载情况下不同移相角时谐振电流${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 、励磁电流${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{{m1}}}}$${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{{m2}}}}$ 以及电流${i}_{\mathrm{A}}\text{、}{i}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 的波形。
图6 中可以看出,在拓扑结构$\mathrm{I}$ 中移相角$\theta ={10}^{\circ }$ 时,原边侧有较大的循环电流,随着移相角的增大,循环电流越来越小。当移相角为${180}^{\circ }$ 时,原边侧循环电流达到最小。图7 中,拓扑结构$\mathrm{{II}}$ 在整个工作过程中, 原边侧循环电流较小。特别地, 拓扑结构 II 在一开始移相时原边侧循环电流几乎为 0。
图8图9 分别为拓扑结构 I 和拓扑结构 II 在移相角变化时不同负载条件下,原边侧开关管 ZVS 和副边侧整流二极管 ZCS 的仿真波形。由于结构的对称性,仅展示开关${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{3}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{5}$ 的 ZVS 波形。 从图中可以看到,在开关管的触发信号${V}_{\mathrm{{gs}}}$ 到来之前,其漏源极电压${V}_{\mathrm{{ds}}}$ 均下降到 0,因此,原边侧开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{3}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{5}$ 均实现零电压导通。在整个输出电压范围内,当谐振电流${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 为 0 时,流过副边整流二极管的电流为 0,此时二极管实现零电流关断。因此, 2 种拓扑均具有较好的软开关特性。
搭建实验平台对 2 种方案进一步验证, 实验参数与上述仿真参数一致, 实验平台如图10 所示。图11图12 分别为拓扑结构$\mathrm{I}$ 在移相角$\theta$${90}^{\circ }$ 、180${}^{\circ }$ 的稳态波形。
其中,${v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}$$\mathrm{{LC}}$ 谐振槽输入电压,${v}_{\mathrm{{FG}}}$ 为全桥整流器输入电压,${i}_{\mathrm{A}}$${i}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 为原边侧电流,${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 为谐振电流。 在$\theta ={90}^{\circ }$ 时,${v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}$ 为三电平状态,${v}_{\mathrm{{FG}}}$ 为四电平状态, 与理论分析一致。从原边侧电流${i}_{\mathrm{A}}\text{、}{i}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 波形可以看出,在移相角${90}^{\circ }$ 变为${180}^{\circ }$ 时,电路中循环电流逐渐减小。在$\theta ={180}^{\circ }$ 时,${i}_{\mathrm{A}}$${i}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 呈现正弦波形式,原边侧电路中循环电流达到最低。图13 为拓扑结构$\mathrm{I}$ 中满载情况下原边开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{3}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{5}$ 零电压导通$\mathrm{{ZVS}}$ (zero voltage switch) 和副边二极管零电流关断 ZCS (zero current switch) 的实验波形。从图中可以看到, 开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$${\mathrm{S}}_{5}$ 在其寄生电容的作用下,在触发脉冲到来之前,漏源极电压已下降到 0, 故开关管较好地实现 ZVS 导通。同时,整流二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}\sim {\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ 在副边侧电流为 0 时, 实现零电流关断, 无反向恢复损耗。
图14图15 分别为拓扑结构$\mathrm{{II}}$ 在移相角$\theta$${0}^{\circ }$${90}^{\circ }$ 的稳态波形图。${i}_{\mathrm{A}}$${i}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 为原边侧电流,${i}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 为谐振电流。在一开始移相,即$\theta ={0}^{\circ }$ 时,${i}_{\mathrm{A}}\text{、}{i}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 几乎为正弦波,此时原边侧循环电流很小。在$\theta ={90}^{\circ }$ 时,从电流${i}_{\mathrm{A}}$${i}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 的波形可以得出,其循环电流比$\theta ={0}^{\circ }$ 时有所增加。在此稳态下,$\mathrm{{LC}}$ 谐振槽输入电压${v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}$ 为四电平电压状态,与拓扑结构$\mathrm{I}$${v}_{\mathrm{{DE}}}$ 三电平电压状态不同, 主要由于变压器连接方式不同, 使得 2 个变压器二次侧电压叠加方式不一样。拓扑结构$\mathrm{{II}}$ 的软开关特性如图16 所示。从图16 中可以看到, 拓扑结构 II 的原边侧开关管也实现了零电压导通。因此, 2 种拓扑均具有较好的软开关特性, 开关损耗较小。
将本文拓扑结构$\mathrm{I}$ 方案与现有方法进行比较, 如表1 所示。文献[14]中输出电压范围有限, 且增加的 2 个开关管均以硬开关的方式工作。文献[15]中谐振变换器虽然可以实现${50}\sim {420}\mathrm{\;V}$ 超宽输出电压, 然而其采用变频控制, 开关调频范围仍然较宽, 同时在低电压输出时, 原边侧循环电流较大。文献[16]中变换器需要大量元器件,增加了系统成本和体积,同时控制策略较为复杂。相比较,本文研究的谐振变换器结构和控制策略简单,且电压调节性能好。
本文研究了一种定频移相控制的六开关双谐振变换器。该变换器采用简单的定频移相控制调节输出电压,开关频率固定在谐振频率,缩小开关调频范围,有利于磁性元件的设计。根据 2 个变压器连接方式的不同,该变换器有 2 种拓扑形态,并对这 2 种方式进行分析。当 2 个变压器顺极性串联时, 拓扑形态一能实现超宽输出电压范围; 当 2 个变压器反极性串联时, 拓扑形态二在整个移相过程中原边侧环流损耗较小。此外, 在全负载范围内有较好的软开关特性。最后通过仿真和实验验证了方案的有效性。
  • 太阳能发电及储能运行控制湖北省重点实验室开放基金资助项目(HBSEES201902)
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2024年第22卷第2期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.55
  • 接收时间:2021-04-06
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-04-06
  • 修回日期:2021-06-10
  • 录用日期:2021-06-15
基金
Open Fund of Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Solar Power and Energy Storage Operation Control(HBSEES201902)
太阳能发电及储能运行控制湖北省重点实验室开放基金资助项目(HBSEES201902)
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    湖北工业大学 电气与电子工程学院 武汉 430068
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