Article(id=1154038484403736645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.369, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1622131200000, receivedDateStr=2021-05-28, revisedDate=1629388800000, revisedDateStr=2021-08-20, acceptedDate=1629993600000, acceptedDateStr=2021-08-27, onlineDate=1753073815680, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1711728000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753073815680, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753073815680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753073815680, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154038481564197598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='455', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753073815003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780998609, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=369, endPage=377, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154038485049659464, articleId=1154038484403736645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Resonant Bridgeless Boost LED Driver Based on Passive Current Balancing, columnId=1152281493050110079, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Lighting Power Supply, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

For a traditional Boost power factor correction (PFC) converter, its output voltage must be greater than its input voltage, which limits its applications in light emitting diode (LED) drivers to a certain degree. Meanwhile, due to the existence of a rectifier bridge at the input end of the traditional LED driver, the improvement of its efficiency is also confined. In this paper, a bridgeless Boost LED driver based on passive current balancing is proposed, which is based on the topology of a resonant Boost PFC converter. With the introduction of a resonant capacitive current-balancing network, the output current of each LED string can be balanced. In addition, the elimination of the rectifier bridge further improves the system efficiency. Finally, a 140 W prototype with a peak efficiency of 93.64% was built, and experimental results verified the correctness and feasibility of theoretical analysis.

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传统 Boost 功率因数校正变换器的输出电压必须大于输入电压,在一定程度上限制了其在LED驱动电源中的应用。同时,传统LED驱动电源因输入端整流桥的存在而限制了自身效率的进一步提升。基于谐振式 Boost 功率因数校正变换器拓扑提出了一种无源均流型无桥 Boost LED 驱动电源,通过引入谐振式电容均流网络,实现了多路均流输出;通过整流桥的去除,进一步提升了系统的效率。最后,搭建了一台效率可达93.64%的140 W 实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性与可行性。

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史旭(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子与电力传动。E-mail:2510078865@qq.com。

刘雪山(1981-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:高频开关变换器拓扑机器控制技术、电力电子技术及其应用。E-mail:xueshan5851@163.com。

周群(1966-),女,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源与电力电子。E-mail:zhouqunsc@163.com。

王春涛(1998-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子与电力传动。E-mail:1040016769@qq.com。

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史旭(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子与电力传动。E-mail:2510078865@qq.com。

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史旭(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子与电力传动。E-mail:2510078865@qq.com。

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刘雪山(1981-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:高频开关变换器拓扑机器控制技术、电力电子技术及其应用。E-mail:xueshan5851@163.com。

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刘雪山(1981-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:高频开关变换器拓扑机器控制技术、电力电子技术及其应用。E-mail:xueshan5851@163.com。

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周群(1966-),女,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源与电力电子。E-mail:zhouqunsc@163.com。

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周群(1966-),女,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源与电力电子。E-mail:zhouqunsc@163.com。

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王春涛(1998-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子与电力传动。E-mail:1040016769@qq.com。

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王春涛(1998-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子与电力传动。E-mail:1040016769@qq.com。

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参数 数值 (型号)
整流桥${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{b}}$ KBU610
滤波电感${L}_{\mathrm{f}}/\mathrm{{mH}}$ 1
滤波电容${C}_{\mathrm{{fl}}}/\mathrm{{nF}}$ 220
滤波电容${C}_{\mathrm{f}2}/\mathrm{{nF}}$ 680
储能电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 840
谐振电感${L}_{\mathrm{r}}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 3.3
谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}/\mathrm{{nF}}$ 220
开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{\;S}}_{2}$ 15N65
输出二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ ES5J
输出电容${C}_{\mathrm{o}1}\text{、}{C}_{\mathrm{o}2}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 150
输出电压${v}_{\mathrm{o}1}\text{、}{v}_{\mathrm{o}2}/\mathrm{V}$ 200
输出电流${i}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 350
开关频率${f}_{\mathrm{s}}/\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 100
), ArticleFig(id=1154038646643609681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484403736645, language=CN, label=表1, caption=实验样机的电路参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值 (型号)
整流桥${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{b}}$ KBU610
滤波电感${L}_{\mathrm{f}}/\mathrm{{mH}}$ 1
滤波电容${C}_{\mathrm{{fl}}}/\mathrm{{nF}}$ 220
滤波电容${C}_{\mathrm{f}2}/\mathrm{{nF}}$ 680
储能电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 840
谐振电感${L}_{\mathrm{r}}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 3.3
谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}/\mathrm{{nF}}$ 220
开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{\;S}}_{2}$ 15N65
输出二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ ES5J
输出电容${C}_{\mathrm{o}1}\text{、}{C}_{\mathrm{o}2}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 150
输出电压${v}_{\mathrm{o}1}\text{、}{v}_{\mathrm{o}2}/\mathrm{V}$ 200
输出电流${i}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}/\mathrm{{mA}}$ 350
开关频率${f}_{\mathrm{s}}/\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 100
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基于无源均流的谐振式无桥型 Boost LED 驱动电源
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史旭 , 刘雪山 , 周群 , 王春涛
电源学报 | 照明电源 2024,22(2): 369-377
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电源学报 | 照明电源 2024, 22(2): 369-377
基于无源均流的谐振式无桥型 Boost LED 驱动电源
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史旭 , 刘雪山 , 周群 , 王春涛
作者信息
  • 四川大学 电气工程学院 成都 610065
  • 史旭(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子与电力传动。E-mail:2510078865@qq.com。

    刘雪山(1981-),男,博士,副教授。研究方向:高频开关变换器拓扑机器控制技术、电力电子技术及其应用。E-mail:xueshan5851@163.com。

    周群(1966-),女,博士,教授。研究方向:新能源与电力电子。E-mail:zhouqunsc@163.com。

    王春涛(1998-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子与电力传动。E-mail:1040016769@qq.com。

Resonant Bridgeless Boost LED Driver Based on Passive Current Balancing
Xu SHI , Xueshan LIU , Qun ZHOU , Chuntao WANG
Affiliations
  • College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
出版时间: 2024-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.369
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传统 Boost 功率因数校正变换器的输出电压必须大于输入电压,在一定程度上限制了其在LED驱动电源中的应用。同时,传统LED驱动电源因输入端整流桥的存在而限制了自身效率的进一步提升。基于谐振式 Boost 功率因数校正变换器拓扑提出了一种无源均流型无桥 Boost LED 驱动电源,通过引入谐振式电容均流网络,实现了多路均流输出;通过整流桥的去除,进一步提升了系统的效率。最后,搭建了一台效率可达93.64%的140 W 实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性与可行性。

无桥变换器  /  LED驱动电源  /  功率因数校正  /  无源均流

For a traditional Boost power factor correction (PFC) converter, its output voltage must be greater than its input voltage, which limits its applications in light emitting diode (LED) drivers to a certain degree. Meanwhile, due to the existence of a rectifier bridge at the input end of the traditional LED driver, the improvement of its efficiency is also confined. In this paper, a bridgeless Boost LED driver based on passive current balancing is proposed, which is based on the topology of a resonant Boost PFC converter. With the introduction of a resonant capacitive current-balancing network, the output current of each LED string can be balanced. In addition, the elimination of the rectifier bridge further improves the system efficiency. Finally, a 140 W prototype with a peak efficiency of 93.64% was built, and experimental results verified the correctness and feasibility of theoretical analysis.

Bridgeless converter  /  light emitting diode (LED) driver  /  power factor correction (PFC)  /  passive current balancing
史旭, 刘雪山, 周群, 王春涛. 基于无源均流的谐振式无桥型 Boost LED 驱动电源. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (2) : 369 -377 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.369
Xu SHI, Xueshan LIU, Qun ZHOU, Chuntao WANG. Resonant Bridgeless Boost LED Driver Based on Passive Current Balancing[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (2) : 369 -377 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.369
作为新一代绿色光源, 发光二极管 LED (light emitting diode) 在体积、寿命、效率、色域等方面的性能远超荧光灯、白炽灯等传统光源,因而被广泛应用于通用照明、城市市政美化、显示屏等场合。 LED 的发光强度等光学性能与流过 LED 的平均电流近似呈线性关系[1],为保证 LED 发光的稳定性, 需要对其进行恒流驱动。此外, LED 为点光源,其封装技术和散热条件受到限制,为了获得更大功率、 发光更均匀的照明特性, 实际应用中多采用多颗 LED 串并联的连接方式。串并联结构不可避免地导致支路电流不平衡问题, 进而影响每个灯串的发光强度,因此均流控制对于多串 LED 驱动极为重要[2-5]。 同时,一些国家和组织颁布并实施了一些相关的电流谐波标准,其中对照明设备的输入电流谐波含量做了严格的规定,如中国的 GB/T 14549-93、欧盟的 IEC 61000-3-2 等[6-7]。功率因数校正 PFC (power factor correction) 技术具有良好的谐波抑制能力, 因而被广泛应用在 LED 驱动电源中。在各类 PFC 变换器中, Boost PFC 变换器以其拓扑简单、驱动方便、效率高等优点被广泛应用[8]。文献[9]提出了一种输出端无电解电容的 Boost LED 驱动器, 其驱动器的输出电压为${400}\mathrm{\;V}$,如此高的输出电压将影响系统的可靠性。同时,该驱动器还存在因输入整流桥而限制效率提升的问题, 输入电压越低, 效率下降越严重[10]
结合 LED 驱动的特点和有桥变换器在效率提升方面的局限性, 本文提出一种基于无源均流的谐振式无桥型 Boost LED 驱动电源。该驱动电源将输入整流桥用有源开关代替, 通过引入电容均流网络, 具备高效率、高功率因数的特性同时实现了多路均流输出, 提高驱动电源的可靠性。该驱动电源 2 个有源开关由同一驱动信号驱动, 控制简单。此外,该谐振式无桥型驱动电源的输出与输入共地连接,具有共模噪声低的优点[11]。最后,搭建一台效率可达 93.64%的 140 W 实验样机,验证理论分析的正确性与可行性。
基于无源均流的谐振式无桥型 Boost LED 驱动电源如图1 所示。以两路输出为例, 基于无源均流的谐振式无桥型 Boost LED 驱动电源的主拓扑结构如图1(a) 所示, 主功率回路由输入滤波电容${C}_{\mathrm{{f1}}}$${C}_{\mathrm{{f2}}}$ 、输入滤波电感${L}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 、储能电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 、开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 、谐振电感${L}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 、谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 、输出二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 、输出电容${C}_{\mathrm{o}1}$${C}_{\mathrm{o}2}$ 以及两路负载$\mathrm{{LED}}$ 组成。该驱动电源采用平均电流模式定频控制, 与单一闭环的电压模式控制相比, 平均电流模式控制是由电压外环和电流内环构成的双闭环系统。电压外环控制输出电压, 而电流内环则可以控制电感电流, 提高了对电感电流的控制精度, 有效减小了输入电流的畸变。
控制环路如图1(b) 所示, 电压误差放大器EA1 实现对输出支路电流的控制, 电流误差放大器 EA2 实现对输入电感电流的控制,其中${k}_{1}$${k}_{2}$${k}_{3}$ 分别为输出电流采样比、输入电压采样比和电感电流采样比。当电路正常工作在稳态条件下, 得益于电流内环的存在, 输入电流自动跟随正弦输入电压, 从而实现高功率因数。由于主功率回路中没有整流桥, 故需设计特定的采样电路, 来实现对输入电压和电感电流的精确采样。该驱动电源储能电感电流工作在连续导通模式 CCM(continuous conduction mode), 电感电流峰值和纹波系数更低, 有助于提升驱动电源的效率。
为简化分析, 假设:
(1)输入电压为标准正弦电压,即${v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {V}_{\mathrm{P}}\sin \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{L}}t}\right)$,${\omega }_{\mathrm{L}}= {2\pi }{f}_{\mathrm{L}}$,其中${V}_{\mathrm{P}}$ 为幅值,${\omega }_{\mathrm{L}}$ 为电网角频率,${f}_{\mathrm{L}}$ 为电网频率;
(2)所有元件均为理想元件;
(3)开关频率远远大于电网频率,即${f}_{\mathrm{s}}\gg {f}_{\mathrm{L}}$
(4) 输出电容${C}_{o1}\text{、}{C}_{o2}$ 足够大,且远大于谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$,储能电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 远大于谐振电感${L}_{\mathrm{r}}$
考虑到该驱动电源在拓扑结构上的对称性, 本文只分析输入电压正半周时的工作模态情况。当电感电流稳定工作在 CCM 时,一个开关周期${T}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 内该拓扑存在 3 个工作模态, 如图2 所示, 其关键波形如图3 所示。
模态$1\left\lbrack {{t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}}\right\rbrack :{t}_{0}$ 时刻,开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 同时导通, 二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 反向截止、${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 正向导通,电感电流${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}\left( t\right)$ 线性上升,同时电感${L}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 和电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 间发生谐振。此时,有
${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}\left( t\right)= {i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}\left({t}_{0}\right)+ \frac{{v}_{\text{in }}}{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}\left({t -{t}_{0}}\right)$
${i}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\left( t\right)= -{i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}\left( t\right)= -\frac{\Delta {V}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}}{{Z}_{\mathrm{r}}}\sin \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t -{t}_{0}}\right)}\right\rbrack $
${v}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\left( t\right)= {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}+ \Delta {V}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\cos \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}\left({t -{t}_{0}}\right)}\right\rbrack $
式中:${i}_{{L}_{m}}\left({t}_{0}\right)$ 为电感电流在一个开关周期内的初始值;$\Delta {V}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}$ 为此模态下谐振电容两端电压交流分量的幅值;${\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}= 1/\sqrt{{L}_{\mathrm{r}}{C}_{\mathrm{r}}};{Z}_{\mathrm{r}}= \sqrt{{L}_{\mathrm{r}}/{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$。当谐振电流${i}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\left( t\right)$ 谐振到 0时,${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 实现零电流关断$\mathrm{{ZCS}}$ (zero current switch), 模态 1 结束。该模态持续时间为${\tau }_{1}= {T}_{\mathrm{r}}/2 =\pi /{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}$,其中${T}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 为谐振网络的谐振周期。在谐振电流${i}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\left( t\right)$ 达到峰值时, 谐振电感两端电压为 0, 由图2(a) 分析可知${v}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\left({{t}_{0}+ {T}_{\mathrm{r}}/4}\right)= {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}$
模态$2\left\lbrack {{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{2}}\right\rbrack$ : 此时间段内开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 仍保持导通,电感电流仍线性上升,二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 均反向截止, 负载 LED 由输出电容提供能量, 直到下一模态到来。模态 2 持续时间为${\tau }_{2}= {t}_{\mathrm{{on}}}- {T}_{\mathrm{r}}/2$,其中${t}_{\mathrm{{on}}}$ 为开关管的导通时间。
模态$3\left\lbrack {{t}_{2}\sim {t}_{3}}\right\rbrack$ : 在${t}_{2}$ 时刻,开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 同时关断,二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 反向截止、${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$ 正向导通。由于储能电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 远远大于谐振电感${L}_{\mathrm{r}}$,谐振电感${L}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 的压降可以忽略。与此同时, 在一个稳态开关周期内, 谐振电容两端的电压处于动态平衡, 即此模态下的电容两端平均电压${v}_{\mathrm{{cr}}\text{-avg }}\left( t\right)= {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}$
${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}\left( t\right)= {i}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\left( t\right)= {i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{i}}}\left( t\right)= {i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}\left({t}_{2}\right)+ \frac{{v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}- {v}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- {v}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\left( t\right)}{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}\left({t -{t}_{2}}\right)$
${t}_{3}$ 时刻,开关管再次导通,模态 3 结束,电路进入下一个开关周期。模态 3 持续的时间为${\tau }_{3}= {T}_{\mathrm{s}}- {t}_{\mathrm{{on}}\circ }$
根据 2.1 节模态分析, 对工作在 CCM 模式下储能电感由伏秒平衡可得
${v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}\left({{t}_{2}- {t}_{0}}\right)= \left\lbrack {{v}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}+ {v}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\left( t\right)- {v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right\rbrack \left({{t}_{3}- {t}_{2}}\right)$
由式 (5) 可得
$ M =\frac{{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}}{{v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}= \frac{1}{1 - D}$
$ D =\frac{{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {v}_{\text{in }}}{{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}}$
式中:$M$ 为电压增益;$D$ 为驱动信号占空比。
由式 (7) 可以看到, 当储能电感工作在 CCM 模式下,其占空比只与输入电压和输出电压有关。若将两路输出电压之和看作该变换器的总输出电压, 则其电压增益表达式(6)与传统 Boost 变换器一致。同时, 为保证电路的正常运行, 两路输出电压之和必须大于输入电压的峰值, 每路输出电压不必相等。
在一个稳态开关周期内,谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 的充电电荷${Q}_{\mathrm{{ch}}}$ 与放电电荷${Q}_{\mathrm{{dis}}}$ 平衡,由此可得
${Q}_{\mathrm{{dis}}}= {\int }_{{t}_{0}}^{{t}_{1}}{i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t ={Q}_{\mathrm{{ch}}}= {\int }_{{t}_{2}}^{{t}_{3}}{i}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{1}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t $
在半个工频周期内, 若忽略输出电容的等效串联电阻 ESR(equivalent series resistance), 那么输出电流${i}_{\mathrm{o}1}$${i}_{\mathrm{o}2}$ 分别为流过二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 的平均电流,即
${i}_{\mathrm{o}1}= \frac{2}{{T}_{\mathrm{L}}}{\int }_{0}^{{T}_{\mathrm{L}}/2}\frac{{Q}_{\mathrm{{ch}}}}{{T}_{\mathrm{s}}}\mathrm{d}t =\frac{2}{{T}_{\mathrm{L}}}{\int }_{0}^{{T}_{\mathrm{L}}/2}\frac{{Q}_{\mathrm{{dis}}}}{{T}_{\mathrm{s}}}\mathrm{d}t ={i}_{\mathrm{o}2}$
由式 (9) 可知, 两支路的输出电流相等。于是, 只需要控制其中一条支路的输出电流, 根据电容充放电平衡原理另一支路输出电流便可自动平衡, 从而实现了两路均流输出功能。
同时由式 (2)、式 (4) 和式 (8) 可得
$\Delta {V}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}= \frac{\left({1 - D}\right){T}_{\mathrm{s}}\left\lbrack {2{L}_{\mathrm{m}}{i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}\left({t}_{0}\right)+ {T}_{\mathrm{s}}D{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right\rbrack }{4{L}_{\mathrm{m}}{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$
相对于传统 Boost 拓扑只能升压而应用受限, 该变换器可以有效地降低 Boost 电路的输出电压。 同时, 良好的均流特性扩宽了该拓扑在 LED 驱动电源领域的应用范围。
由于本文变换器采用平均电流模式控制, 其电流内环强制输入电流跟随输入电压, 如图4 所示。 假设变换器效率为${100}\%$,则可得输入电流${i}_{\mathrm{{in}}}\left( t\right)$
${i}_{\mathrm{{in}}}\left( t\right)= \frac{2{P}_{\mathrm{o}}}{{V}_{\mathrm{m}}}\sin \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{L}}t}\right)$
此时, 由式 (1)、式 (7) 和式 (11) 便可得出电感电流峰值包络${i}_{L, p}\left( t\right)$
${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}- \mathrm{p}}\left( t\right)= \frac{2{P}_{\mathrm{o}}}{{V}_{\mathrm{m}}}\sin \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{L}}t}\right)+ \frac{\left({{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right){T}_{\mathrm{s}}{v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}{2{L}_{\mathrm{m}}\left({{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}}\right)} $
同理可得电感电流谷值包络${i}_{{L}_{n\mathrm{{rV}}}}\left( t\right)$
${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{m}}- \mathrm{v}}\left( t\right)= \frac{2{P}_{\mathrm{o}}}{{V}_{\mathrm{m}}}\sin \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{L}}t}\right)- \frac{\left({{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right){T}_{\mathrm{s}}{v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}{2{L}_{\mathrm{m}}\left({{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}}\right)} $
在设计电感时, 若要电感电流工作在 CCM 模式下, 则在最低交流输入电压下, 式 (13) 必须大于 0,由此可算出电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 所要满足的条件为
${L}_{\mathrm{m}}> \frac{{T}_{\mathrm{s}}{V}_{\mathrm{m}}^{2}}{4{P}_{\mathrm{o}}}$
同时, 最低输入电压峰值处的电感电流纹波率$r$ 可表示为
$ r =\frac{\left({{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {V}_{\mathrm{m}}}\right){T}_{\mathrm{s}}{V}_{\mathrm{m}}^{2}}{4{P}_{\mathrm{o}}{L}_{\mathrm{m}}\left({{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}}\right)} $
电感电流纹波率$r$ 的选择影响到功率器件的电流应力和所有功率器件的损耗, 所以在设计变换器时,确定纹波率$r$ 在合适的范围后,便可由式 (15) 得到 CCM 模式下合理的电感值。
图5(a) 为当${P}_{0}= {140}\mathrm{\;W}$ 时,工作于 CCM 模式下的最小电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 与输入电压${v}_{\text{in }}$ 的关系曲线。随着输入电压的增大, 维持电感电流连续所需要的最小电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 也迅速增大; 与此同时,随着开关频率${f}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 的提高,最小电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 也相应减小。图5(b) 为当${f}_{\mathrm{s}}=$ ${100}\mathrm{{kHz}},{v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {110}\mathrm{\;V},{P}_{\mathrm{o}}= {140}\mathrm{\;W},{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}= {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}= {200}\mathrm{\;V}$ 时该变换器电感电流谷值包络${i}_{{L}_{\mathrm{{mV}}}}$ 在不同电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 下的波形。随着电感量的增加,电感电流谷值大于 0 的部分越多,即电感电流更可能工作在 CCM 模式下。
由式 (12) 可得, 当开关管导通时, 在半个工频周期内的最大值${i}_{\text{P-max }}$ 可表示为
${i}_{\mathrm{P}- \max }= \max \left\{{\left({\frac{2{P}_{\mathrm{o}}}{{V}_{\mathrm{m}}}+ \frac{\left({{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {V}_{\mathrm{m}}}\right){V}_{\mathrm{m}}}{2{L}_{\mathrm{m}}\left({{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}}\right)}}\right),}\right.\\\left.\left({\frac{2{P}_{\mathrm{o}}}{{V}_{\mathrm{m}}}- \frac{\left({{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {V}_{\mathrm{m}}}\right){V}_{\mathrm{m}}}{2{L}_{\mathrm{m}}\left({{v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}}\right)} +\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{m}}{T}_{\mathrm{r}}}{2{L}_{\mathrm{m}}}+ \frac{{2\Delta }{V}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}}{{Z}_{\mathrm{r}}}}\right)\right\}$
图2(a) 所示,根据电路 KVL 定理可得
${V}_{\mathrm{{MOS}}}= {v}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}+ {v}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\left( t\right)= {v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}+ \Delta {V}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\cos \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}t}\right)$
由于交流分量$\Delta {V}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}\cos \left({{\omega }_{\mathrm{r}}t}\right)$ 占比很小,故可认为该变换器开关管的电压应力即为两路输出电压之和。当两路输出电压和为${400}\mathrm{\;V}$ 时,采用耐压值为${650}\mathrm{\;V}$ 的主流 MOS 管便可实现较宽输入电压范围内的应用。
${t}_{\mathrm{{on}}}< {T}_{\mathrm{r}}/2$ 时,电感与电容发生不完全谐振,位于谐振支路上的二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 无法实现零电流关断, 影响 LED 驱动电源的效率。因此, 开关管导通时间必须大于谐振时间,即${t}_{\mathrm{{on}}}> {T}_{\mathrm{r}}/2$。在工频周期内随着输入电压的升高, 开关管的开通时间也会下降,为满足${t}_{\mathrm{{on}}}> {T}_{\mathrm{r}}/2$,谐振电感、电容参数必须满足约束
${L}_{\mathrm{r}}{C}_{\mathrm{r}}< \frac{{T}_{\mathrm{s}}^{2}{\left({v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {V}_{\mathrm{m}}\right)}^{2}}{{\pi }^{2}{\left({v}_{\mathrm{o}1}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}2}\right)}^{2}}$
由式 (10) 可知, 谐振电容的选择也会影响其两端电压交流分量幅值$\Delta {V}_{\mathrm{{cr}}}$ 的大小。谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 的容值越大, 其两端电压变化越小, 谐振电流峰值越小, 从而提高变换器效率, 但受到驱动电源体积的限制, 容值不能过大。另一方面, 考虑到该驱动电源输入端没有整流桥, 谐振电容两端的电压极性将以工频周期转换,过大的谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 势必会影响谐振电容电压的换向速度, 从而加剧输入电流在过零点处的畸变。${L}_{\mathrm{r}}{C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 的最大值与输入电压${v}_{\text{in }}$ 的关系曲线如图6 所示。同时, 由图6 可以看出, 开关频率${f}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 也会影响谐振参数的选择: 开关频率${f}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 越小,${L}_{\mathrm{r}}{C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 的允许值就越大,谐振电容${C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ 就可以选的更大,但此时频率${f}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 的下降必将带来变换器体积的增加。因此, 在选择谐振电容值时需要做出一些合理且必要的折衷。在谐振电容值选定后,便可通过式(14)、式(15)和式(18)确定谐振电感值。
除此之外, 通过适当增加谐振电容的数量, 该拓扑还可扩展为多路均流输出以满足不同的实际应用需求。其相应的分析和上文中两路拓扑基本一致, 这里不再过多赘述。图7 分别为输出路数为奇数和偶数时的电路拓扑。开关管的电压应力为${V}_{\mathrm{{MOS}}}= \frac{1}{2}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{n}{v}_{\mathrm{o}i}$,故输出电压总和越小,开关管承受的反向电压也就越小。利用谐振电容${C}_{i}(i = 1,2,\cdots$,$n)$ 的充放电平衡特性,仅需控制其中一条支路的输出电流,便可实现对$n$ 路输出的均流控制,简化了控制, 降低了驱动电源的成本。
为验证本文所提 LED 驱动电源的正确性及可行性,设计并搭建了一台${140}\mathrm{\;W}$ 的两路输出实验样机,相应的电路参数如表1 所示,图8 所示为该驱动电源的实验样机照片。在此驱动电源中, 控制芯片选用单级功率因数校正控制器 NCP1651, 开关频率被设置在${100}\mathrm{{kHz}}$。为满足额定负载下${t}_{\mathrm{{on}}}> {T}_{\mathrm{r}}/2$ 的条件,谐振电容选用规格为${220}\mathrm{{nF}}/{400}\mathrm{\;V}$ 的聚丙烯电容,谐振电感${L}_{\mathrm{r}}$${3.3\mu }\mathrm{H}$,远小于储能电感${L}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 的电感值。同时,也搭建了一台 140 W 的谐振式有桥 Boost 两路输出对比样机, 其主电路拓扑如图9 所示, 主电路元器件参数与控制回路均与无桥谐振 Boost 样机一致。
图10 分别为${110}\mathrm{\;V}$ 交流电压输入下实验样机的输入电压${v}_{\text{in }}$ 与输入电流${i}_{\text{in }}$ 波形。从图10 中可以看出, 输入电流波形很好地跟随了输入电压波形, 测得的 PF 值分别为 0.989, 有效抑制了输入电流谐波,实现了功率因数校正功能。
图11${110}\mathrm{\;V}$ 交流电压输入下两路输出电压与输出电流启动波形。可以看出, 在短暂的震荡后电路稳态被迅速建立, 两路输出电流保持了良好的一致性,平均电流差值在${2.0}\mathrm{\;{mA}}$ 以下,均流效果显著。此时两输出支路的输出电流纹波率分别为 5.15%和 4.96%,均小于输出电流的 8%,满足参考文献[12]中规定的相关纹波标准。同时,该电路不仅局限于双路均流输出, 扩展后的拓扑也可应用于多路均流控制场合。${110}\mathrm{\;V}$ 交流输入时不同输出负载的输出电压与电流波形如图12 所示。
图13${110}\mathrm{\;V}$ 交流电压输入下的关键波形。
其中图13(a) 为驱动脉冲下的电感电流与开关管电流波形, 可以看出电感电流工作在 CCM 模式,在开关管导通的阶段谐振电流减小至0,即${t}_{\mathrm{{on}}}>$ ${T}_{\mathrm{r}}/2$,输出二极管实现了零电流关断。图13(b)为开关管两端的电压及流过的电流波形, 电流峰值为$6\mathrm{\;A}$,两端电压为${420}\mathrm{\;V}$,与理论值${409}\mathrm{\;V}$ (两路实际输出电压之和)较为接近。
图14(a) 为该谐振式无桥 Boost 实验样机与谐振式有桥 Boost 对比样机的 PF 值与效率对比曲线图, 可以看出, 随着输入电压的升高, 本文提出的谐振式无桥 Boost 实验样机的效率不断攀升, 最高效率达到了 93.64%, 比谐振式有桥 Boost 对比样机高出 1.12%。在输入电压范围内,谐振式无桥 Boost 实验样机的效率始终高于谐振式有桥 Boost 对比样机, 可知本文所提出的驱动电源具有较高的效率。图14(b)为谐振式无桥 Boost 实验样机的输入电流谐波含量图, 可以看出输入电流各次谐波均满足 IEC-61000-3-2 Class C 限制。
本文提出并研究了一种基于无源均流的谐振式无桥型 Boost LED 驱动电源, 分析了该电路的工作原理与特性。该驱动电源将输入整流桥用有源开关代替, 具备高效率、高功率因数的同时实现了多路输出的均流控制, 提高了驱动电源的可靠性。该驱动电源 2 个有源开关由同一驱动信号驱动, 控制简单。 此外, 该谐振式无桥型驱动电源的输出与输入共地连接,具有共模噪声低的优点。与此同时,该拓扑还可扩展为多路均流输出以满足不同的实际应用需求。最后,搭建了一台效率可达 93.64%的 140 W 实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性与可行性。
  • 四川大学自贡市校地合作资助项目(2019CDZG-14)
  • 四川省区域创新合作资助项目(2021YFQ0006)
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2024年第22卷第2期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.369
  • 接收时间:2021-05-28
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-28
  • 修回日期:2021-08-20
  • 录用日期:2021-08-27
基金
Sichuan University and Zigong Cooperation(2019CDZG-14)
四川大学自贡市校地合作资助项目(2019CDZG-14)
Sichuan Provincial Regional Innovation Cooperation Project(2021YFQ0006)
四川省区域创新合作资助项目(2021YFQ0006)
作者信息
    四川大学 电气工程学院 成都 610065
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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