Article(id=1154038485833994315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.328, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1617379200000, receivedDateStr=2021-04-03, revisedDate=1624982400000, revisedDateStr=2021-06-30, acceptedDate=1625500800000, acceptedDateStr=2021-07-06, onlineDate=1753073816021, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1711728000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753073816021, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753073816021, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753073816021, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154038481564197598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='455', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753073815003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780998609, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=328, endPage=335, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154038486903541837, articleId=1154038485833994315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Hybrid Low-harmonic Islanding Detection Method Without Non-detection Zone, columnId=1152281496049037440, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Power System, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a commonly used islanding detection method, the active detection method can reduce the non-detection zone by increasing the disturbance intensity, but it will also increase the degree of harmonic pollution to the grid at the same time. Aimed at this problem, a hybrid fuzzy low-harmonic islanding detection method without non-detection zone is proposed in this paper. First, the non-detection zone is judged, and the passive islanding detection method which has no harmonic pollution to the grid is used preferentially. If this zone is within the non-detection zone of the passive detection method, then a fuzzy low-harmonic islanding detection method with fuzzy disturbance control is used to disturb the output current in its second and fourth quarter periods. Finally, the corresponding simulation model is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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主动式检测方法作为一种常用的孤岛检测方法,虽然可以通过增加扰动强度使孤岛检测盲区得以减小,但同时会增大对电网的谐波污染程度。针对此问题,提出了一种混合模糊低谐无盲区的孤岛检测方法,即首先对盲区进行判断,优先使用对电网无谐波污染的被动式孤岛检测方法,若此时处于被动式检测方法盲区之内,则使用一种具有模糊扰动控制的对输出电流第二、四个1/4周期进行扰动的模糊低谐孤岛检测方法。最后搭建相应的仿真模型对所提方法的有效性进行验证。

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宋绍楼(1964-),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:电能质量控制理论及应用,电气控制技术。E-mail:546782112@qq.com。

马超(1994-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生,研究方向:太阳能光伏发电及并网控制。Email:1047512276@qq.com。

刘昕明(1984-),男,博士,讲师。研究方向:智能电网新技术。E-mail:83660832@qq.com。

李旸(1986-)男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:高压试验。E-mail:513173876@qq.com。

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宋绍楼(1964-),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:电能质量控制理论及应用,电气控制技术。E-mail:546782112@qq.com。

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马超(1994-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生,研究方向:太阳能光伏发电及并网控制。Email:1047512276@qq.com。

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马超(1994-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生,研究方向:太阳能光伏发电及并网控制。Email:1047512276@qq.com。

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刘昕明(1984-),男,博士,讲师。研究方向:智能电网新技术。E-mail:83660832@qq.com。

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刘昕明(1984-),男,博士,讲师。研究方向:智能电网新技术。E-mail:83660832@qq.com。

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李旸(1986-)男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:高压试验。E-mail:513173876@qq.com。

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李旸(1986-)男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:高压试验。E-mail:513173876@qq.com。

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${EC}$ NB VB B BB M BB B VB
NM B BB M SS M BB B
NS BB M SS S SS M BB
Z0 M SS S VS S SS M
PS BB M SS S SS M BB
PM B BB M SS M BB B
PB VB B BB M BB B VB
), ArticleFig(id=1154038624669651284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038485833994315, language=CN, label=表1, caption=模糊逻辑规则, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$U$ $E$
NB NM NS ZO PS PM PB
${EC}$ NB VB B BB M BB B VB
NM B BB M SS M BB B
NS BB M SS S SS M BB
Z0 M SS S VS S SS M
PS BB M SS S SS M BB
PM B BB M SS M BB B
PB VB B BB M BB B VB
), ArticleFig(id=1154038624749343061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038485833994315, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Parameters of simulation model, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
情况 1 情况 2
负载电阻/$\Omega$ 12.28 6.00
负载电感/mH 15.64 12.50
负载电容/μF 648.2 2170.0
仿真时间/s 3 3
孤岛给定时间/s 1 1
), ArticleFig(id=1154038624808063318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038485833994315, language=CN, label=表2, caption=仿真模型的参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
情况 1 情况 2
负载电阻/$\Omega$ 12.28 6.00
负载电感/mH 15.64 12.50
负载电容/μF 648.2 2170.0
仿真时间/s 3 3
孤岛给定时间/s 1 1
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一种混合低谐无盲区的孤岛检测方法
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宋绍楼 1 , 马超 1 , 刘昕明 1 , 李旸 2
电源学报 | 电力系统 2024,22(2): 328-335
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电源学报 | 电力系统 2024, 22(2): 328-335
一种混合低谐无盲区的孤岛检测方法
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宋绍楼1 , 马超1 , 刘昕明1 , 李旸2
作者信息
  • 1 辽宁工程技术大学 电气与控制工程学院 葫芦岛 125105
  • 2 国网冀北电力有限公司 检修分公司 北京 102488
  • 宋绍楼(1964-),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:电能质量控制理论及应用,电气控制技术。E-mail:546782112@qq.com。

    马超(1994-),男,通信作者,硕士研究生,研究方向:太阳能光伏发电及并网控制。Email:1047512276@qq.com。

    刘昕明(1984-),男,博士,讲师。研究方向:智能电网新技术。E-mail:83660832@qq.com。

    李旸(1986-)男,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:高压试验。E-mail:513173876@qq.com。

Hybrid Low-harmonic Islanding Detection Method Without Non-detection Zone
Shaolou SONG1 , Chao MA1 , Xinming LIU1 , Yang LI2
Affiliations
  • 1 Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering Liaoning Technical University Huludao 125105 China
  • 2 Maintenance Branch State Grid Jibei Electric Power Company Limited Beijing 102488 China
出版时间: 2024-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.328
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主动式检测方法作为一种常用的孤岛检测方法,虽然可以通过增加扰动强度使孤岛检测盲区得以减小,但同时会增大对电网的谐波污染程度。针对此问题,提出了一种混合模糊低谐无盲区的孤岛检测方法,即首先对盲区进行判断,优先使用对电网无谐波污染的被动式孤岛检测方法,若此时处于被动式检测方法盲区之内,则使用一种具有模糊扰动控制的对输出电流第二、四个1/4周期进行扰动的模糊低谐孤岛检测方法。最后搭建相应的仿真模型对所提方法的有效性进行验证。

孤岛检测  /  谐波  /  检测盲区  /  模糊控制

As a commonly used islanding detection method, the active detection method can reduce the non-detection zone by increasing the disturbance intensity, but it will also increase the degree of harmonic pollution to the grid at the same time. Aimed at this problem, a hybrid fuzzy low-harmonic islanding detection method without non-detection zone is proposed in this paper. First, the non-detection zone is judged, and the passive islanding detection method which has no harmonic pollution to the grid is used preferentially. If this zone is within the non-detection zone of the passive detection method, then a fuzzy low-harmonic islanding detection method with fuzzy disturbance control is used to disturb the output current in its second and fourth quarter periods. Finally, the corresponding simulation model is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Islanding detection  /  harmonic  /  non-detection zone  /  fuzzy control
宋绍楼, 马超, 刘昕明, 李旸. 一种混合低谐无盲区的孤岛检测方法. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (2) : 328 -335 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.328
Shaolou SONG, Chao MA, Xinming LIU, Yang LI. Hybrid Low-harmonic Islanding Detection Method Without Non-detection Zone[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (2) : 328 -335 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.328
利用光伏分布式发电系统为人类提供电能是解决世界能源危机的一种有效途径, 而孤岛效应检测技术又是保证光伏分布式发电系统安全稳定运行的重要技术[1]。目前,孤岛检测方法按照检测原理的不同大致可以分为 3 种类型, 即电力线路载波检测法、被动式检测法以及主动式检测法。其中电力线路载波检测法造价与维护较为昂贵,因而大多应用于较大功率的并网系统之中[2]; 被动式检测法虽然实现容易, 但是存在盲区大以及检测阈值设置困难的问题[3]; 主动式孤岛检测法由于检测盲区小、检测速度快以及造价低而得到了相关研究人员的广泛关注, 但是存在对电网谐波注入较多以及参数设置不良而导致孤岛检测速度较慢的问题[4-5]
文献[6]提出了一种通过对负载阻抗角进行实时反馈来改变电流扰动的孤岛检测方法, 虽然消除了检测盲区, 但是存在检测速度与减小方法对电网电能质量的影响不平衡的问题。文献[7-8]提出了一种结合盲区判断的主、被动式孤岛检测方法, 虽然通过盲区判断优先使用被动式检测方法, 但是一旦系统孤岛检测方法处于被动式检测盲区之内, 对于电网电能质量影响较大的问题并未得到改善, 另外还存在检测速度低的问题。文献[9]提出了一种锁相环相位扰动的孤岛检测方法, 该方法虽然简单易实现, 但是存在参数设置与检测盲区匹配不平衡的问题。
针对上述问题, 本文提出一种混合低谐无盲区的孤岛检测方法。引入一种在同等功率因数下对电网电能质量影响较小的对电流进行第二、四个 1/4 周期扰动的电流扰动孤岛检测方法, 结合正反馈扰动控制与模糊控制对该方法进行改进以保证在无检测盲区以及快速对孤岛进行检测的前提下减小其对电网的谐波污染程度, 然后结合盲区判别, 优先使用被动式检测方法以进一步减小对电网的谐波影响。 最后通过仿真对所提方法的有效性进行验证。
引入对输出电流第二、四个 1/4 周期进行周期扰动的电流扰动 ACD(active current disturbing)孤岛检测方法输出电流$i\left( t\right)$ 计算式[10-11]
$ i\left( t\right)= \left\{\begin{array}{ll} I\sin \left({\omega t}\right)& 0 <{\omega t}\leq \frac{\pi }{2}\cup \pi <{\omega t}\leq \frac{3\pi }{2}\\ I\sin \left({\omega t}\right)- {KI}& \frac{\pi }{2}< {\omega t}\leq \pi \\ I\sin \left({\omega t}\right)+ {KI}& \frac{3\pi }{2}< {\omega t}\leq {2\pi }\end{array}\right.$
式中:$I$ 为参考电流幅值;$\omega$ 为工频角频率;$K$ 为扰动系数。由式 (1) 可以看出, 所引入的 ACD 孤岛检测方法是使输出电流第二、四个 1/4 周期的幅值同时增大或者同时减小, 从而驱动输出电流相对未加扰动之前的输出电流的过零点超前或者滞后, 以使得在系统发生孤岛时使并网点电压频率不断增大或者减小,以便对孤岛效应进行检测。
对于上述 ACD 孤岛检测方法对电网造成的谐波计算式为
${TH}{D}_{\mathrm{{ACD}}}= \sqrt{\frac{{K}^{2}\left({{\pi }^{2}- 8}\right)}{{\pi }^{2}- {4K\pi }+ 8{K}^{2}}}$
式中,${TH}{D}_{\mathrm{{ACD}}}$$\mathrm{{ACD}}$ 孤岛检测方法对电网造成的谐波影响大小。另外由文献[11]可知, ACD 孤岛检测方法的偏移角${\theta }_{\mathrm{{ACD}}}$ 正切值的计算式与主动移频式 AFD (active frequency drift) 检测方法的 THD 值${TH}{D}_{\mathrm{{AFD}}}$ 分别为
$\tan {\theta }_{\mathrm{{ACD}}}= \frac{2K}{\pi -{2K}}$
${TH}{D}_{\mathrm{{AFD}}}= \tan \left({\frac{{c}_{\mathrm{f}}}{2}\pi }\right)$
式中,${c}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 为主动移频式检测方法的截断系数。由 2 种方法偏移角正切值可求取 2 种方法功率因数大小, 由此令 2 种检测方法的功率因数均为 0.9998 时, 则 AFD 检测法向电网注入的谐波含量为 2%, 而 ACD 法仅为 1.4%。由此可知, 在相同功率因数下, 也即相同扰动偏移程度下 (偏移程度越大, 孤岛检测速度越快), ACD 法相对 AFD 法对电网造成的电能质量影响更小。
引入 ACD 法虽然在对电网电能质量的影响方面相对于 AFD 法具有很明显的优势, 但是该方法同样存在与 AFD 法相同的孤岛检测盲区较大的问题, 针对此问题, 本文提出一种具有频率正反馈使扰动系数增强以减小检测盲区的前提下, 提高检测速度的改进电流扰动 IACD(improved ACD)检测方法。对于改进的 ACD 法扰动系数的计算式为
$ K ={k}_{0}\operatorname{sign}\left({{f}_{\mathrm{{PCC}}}- {f}_{\mathrm{g}}}\right)+ k\sin \left({{f}_{\mathrm{{PCC}}}- {f}_{\mathrm{g}}}\right)$
式中:${k}_{0}$ 为初始扰动系数;$k$ 为扰动正反馈系数;${f}_{\mathrm{{PCC}}}$ 为并网点电压频率;${f}_{\mathrm{g}}$ 为电网额定频率;$\operatorname{sign}$ 为符号函数,具体取值为
$\operatorname{sign}\left( x\right)= \left\{\begin{array}{ll} 1 & x \geq 0 \\- 1 & x < 0 \end{array}\right.$
由式 (5) 可以得出, 在整个并网系统正常运行时, 并网点频率变化很小, 由此所得到的扰动系数$K$ 也会很小,从而对电网电能质量的影响会得到减小, 而当系统发生孤岛效应时, 并网点频率发生相对较大的扰动, 从而使得扰动系数迅速正反馈增大,进而快速对孤岛进行检测。
另外, 本文所引入的正反馈频率偏差函数为正弦函数[12],该函数相对传统的线性频率偏差函数来说在系统正常运行时, 计算所得的数值更小, 由此, 在系统正常运行时,计算所得的扰动系数$K$ 更小, 从而对电网电能质量的影响也更小, 其中图1 所示的线性与正弦计算对比也可以说明这一点。
本文对上述孤岛检测方法盲区的分析采用${Q}_{\mathrm{f}0}\times {C}_{\text{norm }}$ 盲区描述法,${Q}_{\mathrm{f}0}$ 为电网额定频率下的负载品质因数,${C}_{\text{norm }}$ 为以额定频率下谐振电容为基准的 “电容标幺值”。按照文献[13]所提供的盲区计算方法可知, ACD 孤岛检测方法盲区可表示为
${C}_{\text{norm }}= \frac{\tan {\theta }_{\text{ACD }}}{{Q}_{\mathrm{f}}}- \frac{2\Delta f}{{f}_{\mathrm{g}}}+ 1 =\frac{2K}{\left({\pi -{2K}}\right){Q}_{\mathrm{f}}}- \\\frac{2\Delta f}{{f}_{\mathrm{g}}}+ 1 $
式中:${\Delta f}$ 为频率偏差;${Q}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 为负载品质因数。
所以, 由上可得 IACD 孤岛检测盲区的上下边界${C}_{\text{norm }}^{+ }\text{、}{C}_{\text{norm }}^{- }$ 分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{C}_{\text{norm }}^{+ }= 1 +\frac{1}{{f}_{\mathrm{g}}}- \frac{2{k}_{0}+ {2k}\sin {0.5}}{\left({\pi + 2{k}_{0}+ {2k}\sin {0.5}}\right){Q}_{\mathrm{f}}}\\{C}_{\text{norm }}^{- }= 1 -\frac{1}{{f}_{\mathrm{g}}}+ \frac{2{k}_{0}+ {2k}\sin {0.5}}{\left({\pi - 2{k}_{0}- {2k}\sin {0.5}}\right){Q}_{\mathrm{f}}}\end{array}\right.$
所以, 由式 (7) 与式 (8) 可绘制得到 ACD 检测方法扰动系数为 0.1 时与 IACD 检测方法初始扰动系数为 0.001 时、扰动正反馈系数为 0.1 时的检测盲区,如图2 所示。
图2 可以看出, 所提出的改进方法有效地解决了原始 ACD 法盲区大的问题。为了实现无检测盲区,令式 (8) 按式 (9) 进行计算。
${C}_{\text{norm }}^{+ }- {C}_{\text{norm }}^{- }< 0 $
由此按 IEEE Std.929-2000 中的要求, 满足负载品质因数${Q}_{\mathrm{f}}\leq {2.5}$ 时无检测盲区即可,另外按${f}_{\mathrm{g}}$${50}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$,令${Q}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 等于 2.5,计算得到在${k}_{0}$ 为 0.001 时,满足$k >{0.16129}$ 即可实现无孤岛检测盲区。
为了能够保证在系统正常运行时减小改进 ACD 孤岛检测方法对电网电能质量的影响, 而在孤岛效应发生时, 快速实现对孤岛的检测, 这就要求扰动系数$K$ 在系统正常运行时相对较小,而在孤岛发生时快速增大。由于在系统正常运行时, 并网点的电压频率无论是变化率还是变化大小均非常小, 而在孤岛发生时则相反, 为此本文提出了一种对正反馈系数$k$ 进行模糊控制的模糊 IACD 孤岛检测方法, 即通过检测并网点电压频率变化大小${\Delta f}$ 以及频率变化率$\mathrm{d}f/\mathrm{d}t$ 来控制正反馈系数的大小。构建的二维模糊控制系统如图3 所示,图中$e$ 为频率变化大小,${e}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 为频率变化率,${K}_{\mathrm{e}}\text{、}{K}_{\mathrm{{ec}}}$${K}_{\mathrm{u}}$ 均为量化因子。
按我国孤岛检测规定, 一旦并网点频率变化超过${0.5}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 则认为系统发生了孤岛效应,由此$e$ 的取值范围应为$\left\lbrack {-{0.5},{0.5}}\right\rbrack$,而${e}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 的取值范围应为${\left\lbrack -{50},{50}\right\rbrack }^{\left\lbrack {14}\right\rbrack }$,考虑到所接入的负载会使频率变化大小有正向或者反向的偏差,由此令$e$${e}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 论域均为$\left\lbrack {-3,3}\right\rbrack$,与之对应的模糊子集均分为 7 档,也即$\{\mathrm{{NB}},\mathrm{{NM}},\mathrm{{NS}},\mathrm{{ZO}},\mathrm{{PS}},\mathrm{{PM}},\mathrm{{PB}}\}$,按 2.2 节所述,在${k}_{0}$ 为 0.001 时,$k >{0.16129}$ 则可实现无检测盲区,但是出于对电网电能质量影响的考虑,$k$ 的取值范围为$\left\lbrack {0,{0.8}}\right\rbrack$,对应的模糊子集也分为 7 档,即$\{\mathrm{{VS}},\mathrm{S},\mathrm{{SS}}$,$M,{BB}, B,{VB}\}$,由此对应的 3 个量化因子取值分别为 6、0.06 与 1,输入采用 trimf 隶属函数,输出采用 gaussmf 隶属函数。使用 “if$E$ and${EC}$ then$K$ ” 的模糊控制规则, 利用 mamdani 模糊推理控制器控制输出, 最后使用 centroid 法对输出进行解模糊计算。 具体模糊逻辑规则如表1 所示。
为了更进一步减小孤岛检测方法对电网电能质量的影响, 本文提出利用文献[10]所给出的欠/过压或欠/过频被动式孤岛检测方法盲区范围计算式提出一种首先对盲区进行判别以优先使用对电网无谐波注入的欠/过压或欠/过频被动式孤岛检测方法, 若处于被动式孤岛检测盲区之内, 则使用本文所提出的模糊 IACD 孤岛检测方法, 其计算式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{0.91}^{2}\leq {\left( 1 +\frac{\Delta P}{P}\right)}^{2}+ {\left(\frac{\Delta Q}{P}\right)}^{2}\leq {1.14}^{2}\\- {0.05}\leq \frac{\Delta Q}{P}{\left( 1 +\frac{\Delta P}{P}\right)}^{-1}\leq {0.05}\end{array}\right.$
式中:$P$ 为并网点处检测的有功功率大小;${\Delta P}$ 为并网点处检测的有功功率变化量;${\Delta Q}$ 为并网点处检测的无功功率变化量。
由此, 具有盲区判别的混合孤岛检测方法的具体工作流程如图4 所示。
为验证所提方法的有效性, 本文利用 Simulink 搭建了一个如图5 所示结构的输出有功为${3480}\mathrm{\;W}$, 额定电压为${311}\mathrm{\;V}$,额定频率为${50}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 的具有$R\text{、}L\text{、}C$ 并联负载的光伏并网系统,给出如下 2 种情况下的测试结果。
情况 1: 对于并网系统中各种参数均按照孤岛检测最易失败的情况下进行设置, 即光伏发电系统输出有功与负载消耗有功相等, 负载品质因数为 2.5(此时检测盲区最大)以及负载谐振频率与电网额定频率相等。
情况 2: 给出光伏发电系统输出有功与负载消耗有功不相等以及负载谐振频率与电网额定频率不相等的情况。对于仿真模型的具体参数设置如表2 所示。
对于情况 1, 分别利用初始扰动系数为 0.001 、 反馈系数为 0.2 的 IACD 法、初始扰动系数为 0.001 的模糊 IACD 法以及与 IACD 法相同程度谐波影响时 AFD 法进行孤岛效应检测, 检测效果分别如图6~图8 所示。
在情况 1 下, 很明显由于功率匹配程度较高, 所以此时被动式检测方法并不起作用, 此时由图6图7图8 给出的仿真结果可以看出,在$t = 1\mathrm{\;s}$ 孤岛发生时, 在与 ACD 法相同谐波影响情况下AFD 法是无法对此时孤岛情况进行检测的, 而另外 2 种方法虽然均能对孤岛进行检测,但是由图6(a) 和(b)与图7(a)和(b),可以很明显地看出,模糊 I-ACD 法在$t ={1.141}\mathrm{\;s}$ 便实现了对孤岛效应的检测, 由此只用了${0.141}\mathrm{\;s}$ 便实现了孤岛检测功能,而$\mathrm{I}$ - ACD 法在$t ={1.688}\mathrm{\;s}$ 时才检测到系统发生了孤岛效应,用了 0.688 s 才实现了孤岛检测功能。由上述分析可得, IACD 法对孤岛效应的检测时间相对模糊 IACD 法超出了近 80%,也验证了在孤岛检测速度方面, 模糊 IACD 法是优于 IACD 法的。另外, 模糊 IACD 法对电网电能质量的影响明显相对 IACD 法降低超过 3%。
针对情况 2, 本文给出单独采用模糊 IACD 法以及混合模糊 IACD 法的孤岛检测情况, 具体参数设置与上述相同,检测效果如图9 所示。
图9 给出的仿真结果可以看出, 如果当前负载未在被动式孤岛检测盲区内部时,盲区判别控制器输出为 0,且根据所给负载,混合法相对模糊 I-ACD 法在检测速度上相差不多, 但是对电网电能质量的影响却相对模糊 IACD 法减少 6.4%。
上文已经给出所提方法在感性、品质因数为 2.5 的负载时的验证结果, 为了验证本文所提方法的普遍适用性, 这里给出容性负载, 品质因数为 2.5 时的验证结果, 如图10 所示。具体负载参数为: 电阻为${1.5\Omega }$ 、电感为$5\mathrm{{mH}}$ 以及电容为${13.9}\mathrm{{mF}}$
根据上述仿真实验结果分析可知, 本文所提方法能够在各种负载情况下实现对光伏分布式发电系统的孤岛效应进行检测且检测速度快, 检测过程对电网电能质量影响小。
为了能够在准确、快速地对孤岛效应进行检测的前提下, 尽可能地减少孤岛检测方法对电网的谐波污染,本文提出了一种混合低谐无盲区的孤岛检测方法, 通过理论分析与仿真验证, 可得出以下结论。
(1)在保证无检测盲区的前提下能够对孤岛效应进行快速检测。
(2)在对孤岛进行检测过程中,对电网电能质量的影响非常小。
(3)不存在检测参数设置与检测盲区匹配不平衡问题。
  • 辽宁省重点研发指导计划资助项目(2019JH8/10100050)
  • 辽宁工程技术大学学科创新团队资助项目(LNTU20TD-32)
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2024年第22卷第2期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.328
  • 接收时间:2021-04-03
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-04-03
  • 修回日期:2021-06-30
  • 录用日期:2021-07-06
基金
Key R&D Guidance Plan of Liaoning Province(2019JH8/10100050)
辽宁省重点研发指导计划资助项目(2019JH8/10100050)
Discipline Innovation Team of Liaoning Technical University(LNTU20TD-32)
辽宁工程技术大学学科创新团队资助项目(LNTU20TD-32)
作者信息
    1 辽宁工程技术大学 电气与控制工程学院 葫芦岛 125105
    2 国网冀北电力有限公司 检修分公司 北京 102488
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