Article(id=1154038486295372537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.205, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1622217600000, receivedDateStr=2021-05-29, revisedDate=1623859200000, revisedDateStr=2021-06-17, acceptedDate=1624291200000, acceptedDateStr=2021-06-22, onlineDate=1753073816130, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1711728000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753073816130, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753073816130, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753073816130, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154038481564197598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='455', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753073815003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780998609, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=205, endPage=215, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154038487222313727, articleId=1154038486295372537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Research on Equalization Strategy for Power Lithium-ion Batteries, columnId=1152281491788100462, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=Battery and Energy Storage, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To effectively reduce the inconsistency of series lithium-ion batteries in use, a novel equalization topology with the combination of a Cuk equalizer and a double-layer selector switch is proposed, which can quickly realize the energy transfer between any single cells and improve the equalization speed. According to the characteristics of the open circuit voltage (OCV)-state-of-charge (SOC) curve, piecewise equalization is adopted with voltage and SOC as equalization variables, and a fuzzy logic control (FLC) algorithm is designed to dynamically adjust the equalization current to reduce the equalization time and energy loss. Matlab/Simulink software is used to build a model and conduct simulations. Experimental results show that the energy transfer topology proposed in this paper saves of the equalization time by 22.17% compared with the traditional topology of energy transfer between adjacent cells of Cuk circuit. In addition, compared with the mean difference algorithm, the FLC algorithm improves the time efficiency by more than 30% and the energy efficiency by about 11% under static and charge-discharge conditions. Therefore, the feasibility of the proposed equalization scheme is verified.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Huojian QI, Xinrui ZHANG, Jiahong WANG, Haibin XU, Jiejing ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1154038652284952635, articleId=1154038486295372537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=CN, title=动力锂离子电池组均衡策略研究, columnId=1149830274575463188, journalTitle=电源学报, columnName=电池与储能, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了有效减小串联锂离子电池组在使用过程中的不一致性,提出一种使用 Cuk均衡器结合双层选择开关的新型均衡拓扑,该拓扑能够快速地实现任意单体间的能量传递,提高均衡速度。根据开路电压 OCV(open circuit voltage)-荷电状态 SOC(state-of-charge)曲线的特性,采取分段式均衡,将电压和 SOC 作为均衡变量,并设计模糊逻辑控制 FLC(fuzzy logic control)算法动态调节均衡电流,以减少均衡时间和能量损耗。使用Matlab/Simulink 软件进行模型搭建并仿真,实验结果表明,所提出的能量传递拓扑比传统 Cuk电路在相邻单体间能量传递的拓扑要节省22.17%的均衡时间。此外,与均值差分算法相比,使用FLC 算法在静置和充放电条件下,提高了30%以上的时间效率和约11%的能量效率。验证了该均衡方案的可行性。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=9CSJ2d2WPU1ll11BnckDKg==, magXml=/QUXXl+FVimyhrzutgwMOg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=90c+iJjkshUuq2LZuasW2A==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Y6YuOkt+CxAECiWRGDNfxA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

齐火箭(1978-),男,通信作者,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与网络技术,电池管理系统。E-mail: GW_QHJ2021@163.com。

张新瑞(1971-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与计量技术。E-mail: esch197@163.com。

王嘉宏(1980-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气智能与计量技术。E-mail: esjf212@163.com。

徐海宾(1969-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail:3458771310@qq.com。

张捷靖(1979-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail:zjj2021zjj@163.com。

, authorsList=齐火箭, 张新瑞, 王嘉宏, 徐海宾, 张捷靖)}, authors=[Author(id=1154038653136396377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=GW_QHJ2021@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154038653237059679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, authorId=1154038653136396377, language=EN, stringName=Huojian QI, firstName=Huojian, middleName=null, lastName=QI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154038653316751458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, authorId=1154038653136396377, language=CN, stringName=齐火箭, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000, bio={"img":"0i2aj3IVyH2qRjXDns1Npg==","content":"

齐火箭(1978-),男,通信作者,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与网络技术,电池管理系统。E-mail: GW_QHJ2021@163.com。

"}, bioImg=0i2aj3IVyH2qRjXDns1Npg==, bioContent=

齐火箭(1978-),男,通信作者,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与网络技术,电池管理系统。E-mail: GW_QHJ2021@163.com。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154038653044121684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038653052510292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, companyId=1154038653044121684, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038653056704597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, companyId=1154038653044121684, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000)])]), Author(id=1154038653396443238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=esch197@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154038653631324266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, authorId=1154038653396443238, language=EN, stringName=Xinrui ZHANG, firstName=Xinrui, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154038653690044523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, authorId=1154038653396443238, language=CN, stringName=张新瑞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000, bio={"content":"

张新瑞(1971-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与计量技术。E-mail: esch197@163.com。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张新瑞(1971-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与计量技术。E-mail: esch197@163.com。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154038653044121684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038653052510292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, companyId=1154038653044121684, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038653056704597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, companyId=1154038653044121684, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000)])]), Author(id=1154038653752959085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=esjf212@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154038653832650863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, authorId=1154038653752959085, language=EN, stringName=Jiahong WANG, firstName=Jiahong, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154038653924925552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, authorId=1154038653752959085, language=CN, stringName=王嘉宏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000, bio={"content":"

王嘉宏(1980-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气智能与计量技术。E-mail: esjf212@163.com。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

王嘉宏(1980-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气智能与计量技术。E-mail: esjf212@163.com。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154038653044121684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038653052510292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, companyId=1154038653044121684, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038653056704597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, companyId=1154038653044121684, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000)])]), Author(id=1154038653983645810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=3458771310@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154038654050754676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, authorId=1154038653983645810, language=EN, stringName=Haibin XU, firstName=Haibin, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154038654109474933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, authorId=1154038653983645810, language=CN, stringName=徐海宾, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000, bio={"content":"

徐海宾(1969-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail:3458771310@qq.com。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

徐海宾(1969-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail:3458771310@qq.com。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154038653044121684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038653052510292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, companyId=1154038653044121684, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038653056704597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, companyId=1154038653044121684, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000)])]), Author(id=1154038654172389495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zjj2021zjj@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154038654524711036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, authorId=1154038654172389495, language=EN, stringName=Jiejing ZHANG, firstName=Jiejing, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154038654616985728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, authorId=1154038654172389495, language=CN, stringName=张捷靖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000, bio={"content":"

张捷靖(1979-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail:zjj2021zjj@163.com。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张捷靖(1979-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail:zjj2021zjj@163.com。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154038653044121684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038653052510292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, companyId=1154038653044121684, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038653056704597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, companyId=1154038653044121684, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1154038655002861708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Fuzzy logic control (FLC)), Keyword(id=1154038655078359182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=battery equalization), Keyword(id=1154038655132885138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Cuk circuit), Keyword(id=1154038655191605396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=state-of-charge (SOC)), Keyword(id=1154038655258714264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=equalization efficiency), Keyword(id=1154038655330017436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=energy loss), Keyword(id=1154038655384543390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=模糊逻辑控制), Keyword(id=1154038655451652256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=电池均衡), Keyword(id=1154038655518761121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=Cuk电路), Keyword(id=1154038655581675682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=荷电状态), Keyword(id=1154038655644590243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=均衡效率), Keyword(id=1154038655699116196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=能量损耗)], refs=[Reference(id=1154038659503350024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=471, issue=null, pageStart=228450, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Wang Shunli, Fernandez C, Yu Chunmei, journalName=Journal of Power Sources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Shunli, Fernandez C, Yu Chunmei, et al. A novel charged state prediction method of the lithium ion battery packs based on the composite equivalent modeling and improved splice Kalman filtering algorithm[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020. 471: 228450., articleTitle=A novel charged state prediction method of the lithium ion battery packs based on the composite equivalent modeling and improved splice Kalman filtering algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038659562070282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=78, issue=null, pageStart=834, pageEnd=854, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Hannan MA, Lipu MSH, Hussain A, journalName=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hannan MA, Lipu MSH, Hussain A, et al. A review of lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation and management system in electric vehicle applications: challenges and recommendations[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017. 78: 834-854., articleTitle=A review of lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation and management system in electric vehicle applications: challenges and recommendations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038659620790540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=64, issue=2, pageStart=1251, pageEnd=1257, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Lee KM, Lee S W, Choi Y G, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee KM, Lee S W, Choi Y G, et al. Active balancing of Li-ion battery cells using transformer as energy carrier[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017. 64(2): 1251-1257., articleTitle=Active balancing of Li-ion battery cells using transformer as energy carrier, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038659679510801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=31, issue=7, pageStart=4916, pageEnd=4929, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Chen Yang, Liu Xiaofang, Cui Yangyi, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Yang, Liu Xiaofang, Cui Yangyi, et al. A multi winding transformer cell-to-cell active equalization method for lithium-ion batteries with reduced number of driving circuits[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016. 31(7): 4916-4929., articleTitle=A multi winding transformer cell-to-cell active equalization method for lithium-ion batteries with reduced number of driving circuits, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038659742425366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=400, pageEnd=407, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Bouchhima N, Gossen M, Schulte S, journalName=Journal of Energy Storage, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bouchhima N, Gossen M, Schulte S, et al. Lifetime of self-reconfigurable batteries compared with conventional batteries[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2018. 15: 400-407., articleTitle=Lifetime of self-reconfigurable batteries compared with conventional batteries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038659801145624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=66, issue=5, pageStart=3714, pageEnd=3723, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Zheng Xinxin, Liu Xintian, He Yao, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng Xinxin, Liu Xintian, He Yao, et al. Active vehicle battery equalization scheme in the condition of constant-voltage/current charging and discharging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2017. 66(5): 3714-3723., articleTitle=Active vehicle battery equalization scheme in the condition of constant-voltage/current charging and discharging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038659851477275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=297, pageEnd=300, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=邓涛, 李志飞, 李德才, journalName=电源技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓涛, 李志飞, 李德才, 等. 电动汽车动力电池主动均衡控制研究[J]. 电源技术, 2019. 43(2): 297-300., articleTitle=电动汽车动力电池主动均衡控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038659914391837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=297, pageEnd=300, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Deng Tao, Li Zhifei, Li Decai, journalName=Chinese Journal of Power Sources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deng Tao, Li Zhifei, Li Decai, et al. Research on active equalization control of power batteries for electric vehicle[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2019. 43(2): 297-300 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Research on active equalization control of power batteries for electric vehicle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660002472223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=64, issue=10, pageStart=7780, pageEnd=7789, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Qi Jian, Lu DDC, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi Jian, Lu DDC. A preventive approach for solving battery imbalance issue by using a bidirectional multiple-input Cuk converter working in DCVM[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017. 64(10): 7780-7789., articleTitle=A preventive approach for solving battery imbalance issue by using a bidirectional multiple-input Cuk converter working in DCVM, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660069581088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=247, issue=null, pageStart=676, pageEnd=686, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Zheng Yuejiu, Ouyang Minggao, Lu Languang, journalName=Journal of Power Sources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng Yuejiu, Ouyang Minggao, Lu Languang, et al. On-line equalization for lithium-ion battery packs based on charging cell voltages: part 1. equalization based on remaining charging capacity estimation[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014. 247: 676-686., articleTitle=On-line equalization for lithium-ion battery packs based on charging cell voltages: part 1. equalization based on remaining charging capacity estimation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660132495651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=34254, pageEnd=34261, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Wang Xiaolin, Cheng K WE, Fong Y C, journalName=IEEE Access, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Xiaolin, Cheng K WE, Fong Y C. Series-parallel switched-capacitor balancing circuit for hybrid source package[J]. IEEE Access, 2018. 6: 34254-34261., articleTitle=Series-parallel switched-capacitor balancing circuit for hybrid source package, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660216381734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=325, pageEnd=342, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Zheng Jian, Chen Jian, Ouyang Quan, journalName=Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng Jian, Chen Jian, Ouyang Quan. Variable universe fuzzy control for battery equalization[J]. Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, 2018. 31(1): 325-342., articleTitle=Variable universe fuzzy control for battery equalization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660296073513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=12, issue=15, pageStart=2881, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Farzan Moghaddam A, Van den Bossche A, journalName=Energies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Farzan Moghaddam A, Van den Bossche A. A Ćuk converter cell balancing technique by using coupled inductors for lithium-based batteries[J]. Energies, 2019. 12(15): 2881., articleTitle=A Ćuk converter cell balancing technique by using coupled inductors for lithium-based batteries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660367376685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=31, issue=16, pageStart=1931, pageEnd=1939, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=13, authorNames=张凯, 赵鹏, 王友仁, journalName=中国机械工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张凯, 赵鹏, 王友仁, 等. 基于荷电状态的锂离子电池组主动均衡控制[J]. 中国机械工程, 2020. 31(16): 1931-1939., articleTitle=基于荷电状态的锂离子电池组主动均衡控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660430291246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=31, issue=16, pageStart=1931, pageEnd=1939, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Zhang Kai, Zhao Peng, Wang Youren, journalName=China Mechanical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Kai, Zhao Peng, Wang Youren, et al. SOC-based active equalization control for lithium-ion battery packs[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2020. 31(16): 1931-1939 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=SOC-based active equalization control for lithium-ion battery packs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660509983027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=71, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=15, authorNames=刘红锐, 李园专, 李思奇, journalName=昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘红锐, 李园专, 李思奇, 等. 一种基于 Cuk 斩波电路的串联蓄电池均衡器的研究[J]. 昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2016. 41(2): 71-75., articleTitle=一种基于 Cuk 斩波电路的串联蓄电池均衡器的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660581286198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=71, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Liu Hongrui, Li Yuanzhuan, Li Siqi, journalName=Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Hongrui, Li Yuanzhuan, Li Siqi, et al. Study on equalizer for serially connected battery cells based on Cuk chopper circuit[J]. Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2016. 41(2): 71-75 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Study on equalizer for serially connected battery cells based on Cuk chopper circuit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660652589369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=145, issue=null, pageStart=36, pageEnd=42, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Wang Yujie, Zhang Chenbin, Chen Zonghai, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Yujie, Zhang Chenbin, Chen Zonghai, et al. A novel active equalization method for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles[J]. Applied Energy, 2015. 145: 36-42., articleTitle=A novel active equalization method for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660707115322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=63, issue=8, pageStart=3651, pageEnd=3660, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Nguyen N, Oruganti S K, Na K, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nguyen N, Oruganti S K, Na K, et al. An adaptive backward control battery equalization system for serially connected lithium-ion battery packs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2014. 63(8): 3651-3660., articleTitle=An adaptive backward control battery equalization system for serially connected lithium-ion battery packs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660753252668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=65, issue=8, pageStart=6762, pageEnd=6771, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Ma Yan, Duan Peng, Sun Yanshuai, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma Yan, Duan Peng, Sun Yanshuai, et al. Equalization of lithium-ion battery pack based on fuzzy logic control in electric vehicle[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018. 65(8): 6762-6771., articleTitle=Equalization of lithium-ion battery pack based on fuzzy logic control in electric vehicle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660820361534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=13, issue=2, pageStart=113, pageEnd=120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=20, authorNames=邱斌斌, 王智弘, 李程, journalName=电源学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邱斌斌, 王智弘, 李程, 等. 电池组用荷电状态均衡充电模糊控制策略[J]. 电源学报, 2015. 13(2): 113-120., articleTitle=电池组用荷电状态均衡充电模糊控制策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660866498881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=13, issue=2, pageStart=113, pageEnd=120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Qiu Binbin, Wang Zhihong, Li Cheng, journalName=Journal of Power Supply, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qiu Binbin, Wang Zhihong, Li Cheng, et al. Fuzzy control strategy for battery equalization charge based on state of charge[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2015. 13(2): 113-120 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Fuzzy control strategy for battery equalization charge based on state of charge, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154038660916830532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=44, issue=6, pageStart=4812, pageEnd=4826, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Wang Biao, Qin Feifei, Zhao Xiaobo, journalName=International Journal of Energy Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Biao, Qin Feifei, Zhao Xiaobo, et al. Equalization of series connected lithium-ion batteries based on back propagation neural network and fuzzy logic control[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2020. 44(6): 4812-4826., articleTitle=Equalization of series connected lithium-ion batteries based on back propagation neural network and fuzzy logic control, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154038659255886080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, awardId=52007102, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52007102), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154038659314606338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, awardId=52007102, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52007102), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154038659377520900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, awardId=SGJBZJ00YXJS1901252, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Project of State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd.(SGJBZJ00YXJS1901252), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154038659440435462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, awardId=SGJBZJ00YXJS1901252, language=CN, fundingSource=国网冀北电力有限公司科技资助项目(SGJBZJ00YXJS1901252), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154038653044121684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038653052510292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, companyId=1154038653044121684, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038653056704597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, companyId=1154038653044121684, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154038656353427629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Equalization scheme based on improved Cuk circuit, figureFileSmall=69/1oU5VFbAJK8guXG5+NA==, figureFileBig=T1EktdGJr8RMmOCGFa1wuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656424730799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于改进的 Cuk 电路均衡方案, figureFileSmall=69/1oU5VFbAJK8guXG5+NA==, figureFileBig=T1EktdGJr8RMmOCGFa1wuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656496033969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Process of equalization energy transfer, figureFileSmall=KyQmt9CMyOOKPTHoR0s2cg==, figureFileBig=P1saNBGGxhS/DsgNa44f4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656546365618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图2, caption=均衡能量传递过程, figureFileSmall=KyQmt9CMyOOKPTHoR0s2cg==, figureFileBig=P1saNBGGxhS/DsgNa44f4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656600891571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Circuit state when switch ${Q}_{1}$ is turned on, figureFileSmall=oQsvX4l0r7m2SuO7bz9DCg==, figureFileBig=U06G4CfCKb+2pViqEIB6og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656655417524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图3, caption=开关管 ${\mathbf{Q}}_{1}$ 导通时的电路状态, figureFileSmall=oQsvX4l0r7m2SuO7bz9DCg==, figureFileBig=U06G4CfCKb+2pViqEIB6og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656709943477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Circuit state when switch ${Q}_{1}$ is turned off, figureFileSmall=alt7Z0KXpzV2EDfqQYWApg==, figureFileBig=+3a0WW8gFL40/a5nPoV//Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656760275126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图4, caption=开关管 ${\mathbf{Q}}_{1}$ 断开时的电路状态, figureFileSmall=alt7Z0KXpzV2EDfqQYWApg==, figureFileBig=+3a0WW8gFL40/a5nPoV//Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656818995383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=OCV-SOC curve, figureFileSmall=IGNujN1FaZKDZbm2tRwJkw==, figureFileBig=QuQlC3x9iI5cTNh3iYBmyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656873521336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图5, caption=OCV-SOC 关系曲线, figureFileSmall=IGNujN1FaZKDZbm2tRwJkw==, figureFileBig=QuQlC3x9iI5cTNh3iYBmyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656928047289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vzxp/7dqVVNE7417ImuKoQ==, figureFileBig=cnQ6cMewX9BT4tyhG18RjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038656986767546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图6, caption=OCV-SOC 斜率 Fig. 6 OCV-SOC slope, figureFileSmall=vzxp/7dqVVNE7417ImuKoQ==, figureFileBig=cnQ6cMewX9BT4tyhG18RjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657037099195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=SOC-OCV slope, figureFileSmall=f1kPDtuOqQg4DCQLo78Yxg==, figureFileBig=Mmnk4AzBhz6xRN5WIt9htA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657100013756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图7, caption=SOC-OCV 斜率, figureFileSmall=f1kPDtuOqQg4DCQLo78Yxg==, figureFileBig=Mmnk4AzBhz6xRN5WIt9htA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657154539709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Block diagram of fuzzy logic control, figureFileSmall=PUTpqKH96K1V7G9xdHyiQQ==, figureFileBig=CtwWJKDdWNyB7OaAMxOgOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657213259966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图8, caption=模糊逻辑控制框图, figureFileSmall=PUTpqKH96K1V7G9xdHyiQQ==, figureFileBig=CtwWJKDdWNyB7OaAMxOgOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657280368832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Flow chart of battery equalization scheme based on fuzzy logic control, figureFileSmall=p0XTfqyRK2EiE+EASAjorw==, figureFileBig=QJStwv2vcXhnV7GTahmmgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657364254913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图9, caption=基于模糊逻辑控制的电池均衡方案流程, figureFileSmall=p0XTfqyRK2EiE+EASAjorw==, figureFileBig=QJStwv2vcXhnV7GTahmmgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657414586562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=FLC membership function based on SOC, figureFileSmall=NREInSy6p7Gp5cXd8/kRgw==, figureFileBig=tOc+CKRIjFlm9fPPHObx2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657464918211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图10, caption=基于 SOC 的 FLC 隶属函数, figureFileSmall=NREInSy6p7Gp5cXd8/kRgw==, figureFileBig=tOc+CKRIjFlm9fPPHObx2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657548804292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=FLC membership function based on voltage, figureFileSmall=Rtdn5/kL6O/hsVKgDsD4Lg==, figureFileBig=3N3lBcbcr+5tvlLj4zcUEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657628496070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图11, caption=基于电压的 FLC 隶属函数, figureFileSmall=Rtdn5/kL6O/hsVKgDsD4Lg==, figureFileBig=3N3lBcbcr+5tvlLj4zcUEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657691410633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Fuzzy inference input/output surface, figureFileSmall=oO0Xk4c8uxPrsL/SsLVSxA==, figureFileBig=nLEDEBWIibUtmWdMr1t/vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657750130891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图12, caption=模糊推理输入/输出曲面, figureFileSmall=oO0Xk4c8uxPrsL/SsLVSxA==, figureFileBig=nLEDEBWIibUtmWdMr1t/vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657825628366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Equalization topology of traditional Cuk circuit, figureFileSmall=LKoycwT+g2mcHFSE3eSzLQ==, figureFileBig=YiNw7xfF70ht38/HxpaqWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657901125841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图13, caption=传统 Cuk 电路均衡拓扑, figureFileSmall=LKoycwT+g2mcHFSE3eSzLQ==, figureFileBig=YiNw7xfF70ht38/HxpaqWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038657959846100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Novel equalization topology based on Cuk circuit, figureFileSmall=S7hLXgL3fPalW6SQAuGWKg==, figureFileBig=29dha0bd/TclZqCZFMjqRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658056315095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图14, caption=基于 Cuk 电路的新型均衡拓扑, figureFileSmall=S7hLXgL3fPalW6SQAuGWKg==, figureFileBig=29dha0bd/TclZqCZFMjqRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658119229658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=Static equalization, figureFileSmall=GepkHjDwAXmMHboa+iM2NA==, figureFileBig=kN4NKPsdezkyZQ1mHtvpDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658177949917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图15, caption=静置均衡, figureFileSmall=GepkHjDwAXmMHboa+iM2NA==, figureFileBig=kN4NKPsdezkyZQ1mHtvpDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658257641697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=Charge equalization, figureFileSmall=Rpa6wKxlTripGz399NIjWQ==, figureFileBig=6Euo6UHzHm44pjouLXUCfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658316361956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图16, caption=充电均衡, figureFileSmall=Rpa6wKxlTripGz399NIjWQ==, figureFileBig=6Euo6UHzHm44pjouLXUCfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658404442343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 17, caption=Discharge equalization, figureFileSmall=8ztCgBChdo4FzDM4n6E+tA==, figureFileBig=J3WppH1odo8WnXmQH8Xvnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658467356906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图17, caption=放电均衡, figureFileSmall=8ztCgBChdo4FzDM4n6E+tA==, figureFileBig=J3WppH1odo8WnXmQH8Xvnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658555437295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Fig. 18, caption=Changes in SOC before and after equalization, figureFileSmall=ZrEZYeiqbMXjlMJ95I5slA==, figureFileBig=GN4gEd8HxvN2abKxTBjI8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658626740465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=图18, caption=均衡前和均衡后的 SOC 变化, figureFileSmall=ZrEZYeiqbMXjlMJ95I5slA==, figureFileBig=GN4gEd8HxvN2abKxTBjI8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038658714820852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Fuzzy rule, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${I}_{\text{equ }}$ $\Delta \mathrm{{SOC}}\left({\Delta U}\right)$
VS S M L VL
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\text{dif }}$ $\left({U}_{\mathrm{{dif}}}\right)$ VS VS(VS) S(VS) M(S) L(S) L(M)
S S(S) M(S) L(L) L(L) VL(VL)
M M(M) L(L) L(L) VL(VL) VL(VL)
L S(S) M(M) L(L) L(L) VL(VL)
VL VS(VS) S(S) M(M) L(L) L(L)
), ArticleFig(id=1154038658807095543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=表1, caption=模糊规则, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
${I}_{\text{equ }}$ $\Delta \mathrm{{SOC}}\left({\Delta U}\right)$
VS S M L VL
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\text{dif }}$ $\left({U}_{\mathrm{{dif}}}\right)$ VS VS(VS) S(VS) M(S) L(S) L(M)
S S(S) M(S) L(L) L(L) VL(VL)
M M(M) L(L) L(L) VL(VL) VL(VL)
L S(S) M(M) L(L) L(L) VL(VL)
VL VS(VS) S(S) M(M) L(L) L(L)
), ArticleFig(id=1154038658882593018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Comparison between two equalization topologies, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拓扑类型 均衡性能 元器件数量
均衡时长$/\mathrm{s}$ 电感 电容 PWM 开关 普通开关
本文拓扑 646 2 1 1 12
传统拓扑 830 10 5 5 0
), ArticleFig(id=1154038658979062012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=表2, caption=2种均衡拓扑比较, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拓扑类型 均衡性能 元器件数量
均衡时长$/\mathrm{s}$ 电感 电容 PWM 开关 普通开关
本文拓扑 646 2 1 1 12
传统拓扑 830 10 5 5 0
), ArticleFig(id=1154038659037782269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=Results of comparison of static equalization experiment, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电池序号 SOC/%
基于均值差分算法 (MDA) 基于模糊逻辑控制 (FLC)
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{1}$ 67.83 67.50
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{2}$ 67.00 67.20
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{3}$ 66.80 67.04
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{4}$ 66.78 67.00
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{5}$ 66.65 66.66
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{6}$ 65.00 66.48
), ArticleFig(id=1154038659100696830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038486295372537, language=CN, label=表3, caption=静置均衡对比实验结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电池序号 SOC/%
基于均值差分算法 (MDA) 基于模糊逻辑控制 (FLC)
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{1}$ 67.83 67.50
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{2}$ 67.00 67.20
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{3}$ 66.80 67.04
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{4}$ 66.78 67.00
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{5}$ 66.65 66.66
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{6}$ 65.00 66.48
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1046111678587809797, delFlag=0, nameCn=电源学报, nameEn=Journal of Power Supply, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2095-2805, eissn=, cn=12-1420/TM, coden=null, periodic=bio-monthly, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=Mx+A2dn+ULnPHuEAI1LruQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=J Power Supp, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1759802942253, createdBy=null, updatedBy=18614031015, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=Mx+A2dn+ULnPHuEAI1LruQ==, picEn=yHt2vwjzkDgqh+JDCfJKoQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1162453073839375337, language=CN, name=电源学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.jops.cn/EN/home, createdTime=1755080010137, updatedTime=1755080010137, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.jops.cn/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionReviewUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1162453073902289898, language=EN, name=Journal of Power Supply, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.jops.cn/CN/home, createdTime=1755080010152, updatedTime=1755080010152, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.jops.cn/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionReviewUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/jops, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031654075715584, websiteList=[Website(id=1146832214672683008, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031654075715584, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1751355707101, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753435268747, updateBy=18614031015, name=电源学报-英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=电源学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155559379819679852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753436425404, updateTime=1753436425404, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379798708329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753436425399, updateTime=1753436425399, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379781931112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=efYTu4aDDzS8GgTA1MjEKw==, createTime=1753436425396, updateTime=1753436425396, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379811291243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753436425402, updateTime=1753436425402, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155559379802902634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146832214672683008, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753436425400, updateTime=1753436425400, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1148243202240405915, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031654075715584, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112741, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753435242839, updateBy=18614031015, name=电源学报-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=电源学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618015060553758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781475081, updateTime=1751781475081, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015035387931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781475075, updateTime=1751781475075, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015022805018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=efYTu4aDDzS8GgTA1MjEKw==, createTime=1751781475072, updateTime=1751781475072, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015052165149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781475079, updateTime=1751781475079, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618015043776540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202240405915, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781475077, updateTime=1751781475077, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=电源学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.jops.cn/CN/home, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Power Supply, journalPhotoCn=Mx+A2dn+ULnPHuEAI1LruQ==, journalPhotoEn=yHt2vwjzkDgqh+JDCfJKoQ==, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.205, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.205, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/PDF/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.205, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN/PDF/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.205, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
动力锂离子电池组均衡策略研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
齐火箭 , 张新瑞 , 王嘉宏 , 徐海宾 , 张捷靖
电源学报 | 电池与储能 2024,22(2): 205-215
收起
收藏切换
电源学报 | 电池与储能 2024, 22(2): 205-215
动力锂离子电池组均衡策略研究
全屏
齐火箭 , 张新瑞 , 王嘉宏 , 徐海宾 , 张捷靖
作者信息
  • 国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000
  • 齐火箭(1978-),男,通信作者,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与网络技术,电池管理系统。E-mail: GW_QHJ2021@163.com。

    张新瑞(1971-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电气智能化与计量技术。E-mail: esch197@163.com。

    王嘉宏(1980-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气智能与计量技术。E-mail: esjf212@163.com。

    徐海宾(1969-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail:3458771310@qq.com。

    张捷靖(1979-),男,本科,工程师。研究方向:电气自动化。E-mail:zjj2021zjj@163.com。

Research on Equalization Strategy for Power Lithium-ion Batteries
Huojian QI , Xinrui ZHANG , Jiahong WANG , Haibin XU , Jiejing ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 China
出版时间: 2024-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.205
文章导航
收藏切换

为了有效减小串联锂离子电池组在使用过程中的不一致性,提出一种使用 Cuk均衡器结合双层选择开关的新型均衡拓扑,该拓扑能够快速地实现任意单体间的能量传递,提高均衡速度。根据开路电压 OCV(open circuit voltage)-荷电状态 SOC(state-of-charge)曲线的特性,采取分段式均衡,将电压和 SOC 作为均衡变量,并设计模糊逻辑控制 FLC(fuzzy logic control)算法动态调节均衡电流,以减少均衡时间和能量损耗。使用Matlab/Simulink 软件进行模型搭建并仿真,实验结果表明,所提出的能量传递拓扑比传统 Cuk电路在相邻单体间能量传递的拓扑要节省22.17%的均衡时间。此外,与均值差分算法相比,使用FLC 算法在静置和充放电条件下,提高了30%以上的时间效率和约11%的能量效率。验证了该均衡方案的可行性。

模糊逻辑控制  /  电池均衡  /  Cuk电路  /  荷电状态  /  均衡效率  /  能量损耗

To effectively reduce the inconsistency of series lithium-ion batteries in use, a novel equalization topology with the combination of a Cuk equalizer and a double-layer selector switch is proposed, which can quickly realize the energy transfer between any single cells and improve the equalization speed. According to the characteristics of the open circuit voltage (OCV)-state-of-charge (SOC) curve, piecewise equalization is adopted with voltage and SOC as equalization variables, and a fuzzy logic control (FLC) algorithm is designed to dynamically adjust the equalization current to reduce the equalization time and energy loss. Matlab/Simulink software is used to build a model and conduct simulations. Experimental results show that the energy transfer topology proposed in this paper saves of the equalization time by 22.17% compared with the traditional topology of energy transfer between adjacent cells of Cuk circuit. In addition, compared with the mean difference algorithm, the FLC algorithm improves the time efficiency by more than 30% and the energy efficiency by about 11% under static and charge-discharge conditions. Therefore, the feasibility of the proposed equalization scheme is verified.

Fuzzy logic control (FLC)  /  battery equalization  /  Cuk circuit  /  state-of-charge (SOC)  /  equalization efficiency  /  energy loss
齐火箭, 张新瑞, 王嘉宏, 徐海宾, 张捷靖. 动力锂离子电池组均衡策略研究. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (2) : 205 -215 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.205
Huojian QI, Xinrui ZHANG, Jiahong WANG, Haibin XU, Jiejing ZHANG. Research on Equalization Strategy for Power Lithium-ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (2) : 205 -215 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.205
锂离子电池因其高能量密度、长循环寿命等特点而被广泛应用于电动汽车、储能系统等领域[1-2]。 由于单个电池的电压通常低于要求的工作电压。通常需要多个电池串联成一个电池组[3]。因电池组在充放电时, 荷电状态 SOC(state-of-charge) 低的电池限制放电容量。所以,对电池组进行均衡能够有效延长电池组的寿命[4]
锂离子电池组的主动均衡变量有电压、SOC。 文献[5]以端电压作为控制变量, 虽然在线测量比较容易, 但因各个单体内阻的不一致性使得在电压均衡过程中会出现无意义的均衡。文献[6]中 SOC 不仅可以表征单体的剩余容量还与开路电压 OCV (open circuit voltage)有一定的函数关系(OCV-SOC), 因此采用 SOC 作为均衡变量可以有效提高电池组一致性。本文根据 OCV-SOC 特性曲线采取分段式均衡, 在不同的 SOC 范围选择不同的均衡变量, 降低控制难度。
均衡方式可分为被动和主动两类[7]。被动均衡一般采用电阻来散掉多余的能量[8],虽然成本低、简单、可靠性强, 但由于均衡电流较小, 使得均衡效率低、均衡时间长[9]。考虑均衡中的能量利用率、均衡速度等问题,主动均衡成为研究热点[10]。文献[11]提出了一种改进的 Cuk 电路拓扑, 可以实现能量双向流动, 但是实验的单体数量较少, 面对大功率要求时, 控制难度也会增加。文献[12]设计了一种以电感和电容为基础的 Cuk 均衡电路, 但电路中使用的开关数量较多,控制较为复杂。从电池单体间能量流动的方向看, 目前相邻单体间能量转移的策略存在均衡时间长以及当电池组不一致性较大时开关动作的次数较多等问题, 这些将导致串联电池组中的电池个数受到限制, 进而使得电池组只能应用在小功率供给领域[13]。文献[14]中传统的降压-升压电路属于非隔离均衡电路, 其使用相邻电池的电感进行均衡。当电路中不相邻的电池需要均衡时, 它们需要经过中间的电池传递能量, 增加了能量传递路径, 进而增加了均衡时间和能量损耗。而本文提出的基于 Cuk 电路的任意单体间能量传递拓扑,在能量损耗和均衡速率上可以表现出更好的优势。
选择均衡电路后, 需要一种有效的优化均衡算法。均值差分法[15] 可以较容易地实现电池均衡,但均衡效率不高。此外, 由于串联电池组中的单体存在容量以及电阻等不一致性, 故为电池组建立一个精确且可靠性高的数学模型难度系数较大, 采用具有强非线性和容错能力的模糊逻辑控制 FLC(fuzzy logical control) 策略进行电池均衡, 相对传统的只考虑 SOC 变量均衡而言, 均衡效率的优化性能更强[16]。 文献[17]依据电池组平均 SOC 和相邻电池 SOC 差值作为 FLC 输入量来控制输出量均衡电流, 所采用的均衡电路限制了均衡整体效率。文献[18]根据电池间电压差和电池电压在线调整均衡周期,但是均衡拓扑较复杂, 控制难度大且未考虑能量利用率。在本文中,使用不需要精确数学模型的FLC[19], 利用其强非线性、鲁棒性和容错性来改善电池不一致性和优化均衡效率。
本文的结构安排如下:首先介绍基于 Cuk 电路的任意单体间能量传递拓扑及其工作原理;其次阐述基于 FLC 的分段控制策略及模糊逻辑控制器设计;之后通过 Matlab/Simulink 软件进行建模仿真, 验证均衡拓扑及基于 FLC 的控制策略;最后给出相关的结论。
本文采用的是基于 Cuk 电路的任意单体间能量转移拓扑,整体的均衡方案如图1 所示,拓扑主体结构为:双层开关和均衡主回路。双层开关分别连接串联电池组的每个单体的正负极,上层开关为${\mathrm{S}}_{1},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{2},\cdots,{\mathrm{S}}_{i},\cdots,{\mathrm{S}}_{n}$,下层开关为${\mathrm{K}}_{1},{\mathrm{\;K}}_{2},\cdots,{\mathrm{K}}_{i},\cdots,{\mathrm{K}}_{n}$。 均衡主回路采用非隔离型的 Cuk 电路, 其电路元器件包括: 电感${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 、电容${C}_{1}$ 、主控开关器件${Q}_{1}$ 、二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$
控制策略为采集电池组各个电池的电压和 SOC 值, 由模糊控制器的模糊规则输出相应大小的均衡电流, 再通过运算调节占空比, 进而控制 MOSFET。
此均衡拓扑有以下 2 个优点:
(1)相比传统的相邻电池间能量传递的电路拓扑, 此电路拓扑能够通过选择开关通断实现任意电池间的能量传递, 从而缩短能量传输路径以及减少开关损耗, 间接提高能量利用率, 缩短均衡时长;
(2)当电池组电池数量增加时只需增加选择开关的数量,电路复杂度不变。
根据 1.1 节介绍的均衡整体方案,本节详细介绍 Cuk 电路的能量传递原理。如图1 所示, 规定上层开关$\mathrm{S}$ 控制的是低能量单体侧(也称充电端$\mathrm{B}$ ), 下层开关$\mathrm{K}$ 控制的是高能量单体侧(也称放电端 A),即能量由高能量侧单体放电通过 Cuk 均衡电路 CEC (Cuk equalization circuit) 传递到低能量侧单体并使其充电,从而完成能量传递。
假设单体电池${\mathrm{{BT}}}_{1}$$\mathrm{{SOC}}$ 大于${\mathrm{{BT}}}_{i}$$\mathrm{{SOC}}$,则均衡能量传递过程如图2 所示。
能量从高能量单体${\mathrm{{BT}}}_{1}$ 转移到低能量单体${\mathrm{{BT}}}_{i}$,均衡电路拓扑中低能量侧的上层选择开关${\mathrm{S}}_{i}$ 闭合,电池${\mathrm{{BT}}}_{i}$ 的对应极性分别连接到$\mathrm{{Cuk}}$ 主电路 CEC 的充电端 B,与此同时,对应的高能量侧的下层选择开关${\mathrm{K}}_{1}$ 闭合,电池${\mathrm{{BT}}}_{1}$ 的对应极性分别连接到 Cuk 主电路 CEC 的放电端 A。从而将高能量单体${\mathrm{{BT}}}_{1}$ 和低能量单体${\mathrm{{BT}}}_{i}$ 通过$\mathrm{{CEC}}$ 连接起来进行能量传递。
开关管开通和关断时电路状态分别如图3图4 所示。通过输入 PWM 信号来控制 CEC 中的开关管${\mathrm{Q}}_{1}$ 的关断,在一个信号周期内由于全控管开关${\mathrm{Q}}_{1}$ 的导通和关断使得均衡电路呈现出 2 种状态。
在开关管${\mathrm{Q}}_{1}$ 导通时,$\mathrm{{Cuk}}$ 均衡电路的运行状态如图3 所示,左侧的回路由电池${V}_{\text{in }}$ 和电感${L}_{1}$ 构成,${i}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 为放电电流,此时电池${V}_{\text{in }}$ 向电感${L}_{1}$ 充电,电感${L}_{1}$ 储能。右侧的回路中由于二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 受反压而截止,故回路由电池${V}_{\text{out }}$ 、电感${L}_{2}$ 以及电容${C}_{1}$ 构成,${i}_{\mathrm{b}}$ 为充电电流,此时电池${V}_{\text{out }}$ 充电。
在开关管${\mathrm{Q}}_{1}$ 关断时,$\mathrm{{Cuk}}$ 均衡电路的运行状态如图4 所示,左侧的回路由电池${V}_{\text{in }}$ 、电感${L}_{1}$ 以及电容${C}_{1}$ 构成,电池${V}_{\text{in }}$ 和电感${L}_{1}$ 通过${i}_{\mathrm{a}}$ 对电容${C}_{1}$ 充电,此时${C}_{1}$ 储存能量。右侧的回路中由于二极管${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ 导通,故回路由电池${V}_{\text{out }}$ 和电感${L}_{2}$ 构成,${i}_{\mathrm{b}}$ 为充电电流,此时电池${V}_{\text{out }}$ 充电。
Cuk 均衡电路在充电均衡时为保证电感电流处于续流状态,根据设计标准,电感${L}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{2}$ 的电流与平均值的关系为
$\Delta {i}_{\mathrm{a}}< {30}\% I $
$\Delta {i}_{\mathrm{b}}< {30}\% I $
根据开关管${\mathrm{Q}}_{1}$ 的导通和关断状态,由电能传递关系可得
$\Delta {i}_{\mathrm{a}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{{L}_{1}}D{T}_{\mathrm{s}}\;0 < t < D{T}_{\mathrm{s}}$
$\Delta {i}_{\mathrm{b}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{out }}}{{L}_{2}}\left({1 - D}\right){T}_{\mathrm{s}}\;D{T}_{\mathrm{s}}< t <{T}_{\mathrm{s}}$
式中:${V}_{\text{in }}\text{、}{V}_{\text{out }}$ 分别为 Cuk 均衡主电路的输入电压和输出电压;$D$ 为占空比;${T}_{\mathrm{s}}$ 为开关周期。
由 Cuk 电路输入输出关系可得
${V}_{\text{in }}= \frac{D}{1 - D}{V}_{\text{out }}$
传递能量的过程中的平均电流${I}_{\mathrm{L}1}\text{、}{I}_{\mathrm{L}2}$ 、电容电压${V}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 的计算式为
${I}_{\mathrm{{Ll}}}= {0.5}{T}_{\mathrm{s}}\left\lbrack {\frac{{V}_{{\mathrm{{BT}}}_{\mathrm{t}}}}{{L}_{1}}{D}^{2}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{c}}- {V}_{{\mathrm{{BT}}}_{\mathrm{t}}}}{{L}_{1}}{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}\right\rbrack $
${I}_{\mathrm{L}2}= {0.5}{T}_{\mathrm{s}}\left\lbrack {\frac{{V}_{{\mathrm{{BT}}}_{i}}}{{L}_{1}}{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{c}}- {V}_{{\mathrm{{BT}}}_{i}}}{{L}_{1}}{D}^{2}}\right\rbrack $
${V}_{\mathrm{c}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{1 - D}$
式中:${V}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 为开关管${\mathrm{Q}}_{1}$ 关断期间电池${V}_{\text{in }}$ 与电感${L}_{1}$ 、 电容${C}_{1}$ 形成回路并向电容${C}_{1}$ 充电所得的电量;${V}_{{\mathrm{{BT}}}_{1}}$${V}_{\mathrm{{BT}}}$ 分别为连接到 Cuk 电路的高能量侧电池单体电压和低能量侧电池单体电压。且由式(6)~式(8)可知, 在参与均衡的 2 个单体电压、Cuk 参数已知的情况下,均衡电流只与${\mathrm{Q}}_{1}$ 控制信号的占空比和周期有关。
为了能够有效地进行均衡, 均衡变量的选取对均衡效率有着很重要的影响。本文根据 SOC 在全周期范围的变化特性采取分段式均衡, 在不同的 SOC 变化范围选择不同的均衡变量, 从而提高均衡效率。图5 为 OCV-SOC 特征曲线图, 使用的电池是产自三星公司的 ICR 18650 型锂离子电池, 其容量为${2.2}\mathrm{\;A}\cdot \mathrm{h}$,标称电压为${3.7}\mathrm{\;V}$,从图5 可以看出,当 SOC 在 0~20% 和 80%~100% 之间时, OCV 变化剧烈。所以对于一个低$\mathrm{{SOC}}$ 平均值,如果将$\mathrm{{SOC}}$ 作为均衡变量, 那么当电池大电流大功率放电时, 工作电压会急剧下降。这种电压降会导致内阻较大的单体电池过度放电。类似地, 如果当电池的平均荷电状态相对较高时, 则荷电状态较高的电池可能被过度充电。OCV-SOC 斜率和 SOC-OCV 斜率如图6图7 所示。如图6 所示, SOC 在 20%~80%范围内, OCV 变化相对较小, 此时, 如果将电压作为均衡变量, 尽管电池组中电池之间的 OCV 或工作电压差很小, 但 SOC 变化很大, 如图7 所示, 这将显著降低均衡效率。
在充放电过程中, 很难通过选择唯一均衡变量来充分表征电池之间的不一致性。因此, 本文将电池 SOC 全周期的范围进行分段, 根据电池 OCV-SOC 特性曲线将电压和 SOC 一起作为均衡变量。 当SOC 在 0~20%或 80%~100%之间时,采用电压作为均衡变量。当 SOC 在 20%~80%之间时,选择 SOC 作为均衡变量。
本文均衡策略的重点是利用模糊控制算法动态调整均衡电流, 从而提高能量传递效率。图8图9 分别为模糊逻辑控制框图和基于模糊逻辑控制的电池均衡方案流程。模糊逻辑控制器 FLC 由模糊器、规则库、推理机和去模糊器组成, 如图8 所示, 模糊化控制器将精确的输入转换成模糊变量。 然后, 将这些模糊变量输入推理引擎, 并使用由实践经验和知识组成的预构造规则库进行处理。推理机的结果由解模糊器转换成精确的输出。
图9 所示, 在本文中, 基于分段式均衡策略, 考虑了 2 种类型的 FLC 来调整均衡电流: 基于电压的 FLC 和基于 SOC 的 FLC。2 个模糊逻辑控制器的隶属函数和规则库是相似的。以 SOC 为基础的 FLC 为例, 电池组的 SOC 平均值与处于均衡两电池的 SOC 平均值的差值绝对值和处于均衡状态的两电池$\mathrm{{SOC}}$ 差值绝对值作为$\mathrm{{FLC}}$ 的输入,相关表达式为
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\mathrm{P}}= \frac{1}{n}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{k = 1}}^{n}{\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{k}$
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\mathrm{e}}= \frac{1}{2}\left({{\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{i}+ {\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{j}}\right)$
${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\text{dif }}= \left|{{\overline{\mathrm{{SOC}}}}_{\mathrm{P}}- {\overline{\mathrm{{SOC}}}}_{\mathrm{e}}}\right|$
$\Delta \mathrm{{SOC}}= {\mathrm{{ISOC}}}_{i}- {\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{j}\mid $
式中:${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{i}$${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{j}$ 分别为均衡过程中充电和放电的 2 个电池单体的 SOC 值;${\overline{\mathrm{{SOC}}}}_{\mathrm{P}}$ 为电池组的平均 SOC 值;${\overline{\mathrm{{SOC}}}}_{\mathrm{e}}$ 为处于均衡状态的 2 个电池的平均$\mathrm{{SOC}}$ 值;$\Delta \mathrm{{SOC}}$ 为均衡两电池的$\mathrm{{SOC}}$ 差值;${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\text{dif }}$ 表征均衡电池荷电状态与电池组荷电状态的差异。
根据 2.1 节的分析, 现对 FLC 具体的内容进行设计。以下所述的参数设定是以本文所用来做实验的 6 节锂离子电池为基础,并通过数学分析得出。如图5 所示,在$\mathrm{{SOC}}\in \left({{20}\%,{80}\%}\right)$ 的范围内采用以$\mathrm{{SOC}}$ 作为变量的$\mathrm{{FLC}}$ 控制方案,${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\text{dif }}$$\Delta \mathrm{{SOC}}$ 分别设为$\left({0,{20}\%}\right)$$\left({0,{60}\%}\right)$。转换后的模糊变量$\mu \left( x\right)$$\mu \left( y\right)$ 分别对应于${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\text{dif }}$$\Delta \mathrm{{SOC}}$, 其各分为 5 个模糊子集:非常小(VS)、小(S)、中(M)、 大(L)、非常大(VL)。
相应的,在$\mathrm{{SOC}}\in \left({0,{20}\%}\right)\cup \left({{80}\%,{100}\%}\right)$ 的范围采用以电压作为变量的 FLC 控制方案, 根据图5 所示的 OCV-SOC 曲线,${U}_{\mathrm{{oc}}}\in \left({{3.0},{4.2}}\right)\mathrm{V}$,${U}_{\mathrm{{dif}}}$${\Delta U}$ 分别设为(0,0.4)和(0,1.2),对应的${U}_{\text{dif }}$${\Delta U}$ 的转换模糊变量也被分成 5 个模糊子集。 2 个方案的 FLC 输出量${I}_{\text{equ }}$,其范围根据电池允许的最大电流设置为(0,5),对应于区间的模糊变量$\mu \left( z\right)$ 也分为 5 个子区间:非常小(VS)、小(S)、中(M)、 大(L)、非常大(VL)。
本文选择三角模糊隶属函数是由于其控制性能好,计算简单。图10图11 分别为基于 SOC 和基于电压的 FLC 隶属度函数图。
在均衡过程中, 根据以下知识和经验建立如表1 所示的模糊规则:
(1)如果${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\text{dif }}$ 很大,并且$\Delta \mathrm{{SOC}}$ 也很大,则需要大的均衡电流来减少均衡时间;
(2)如果$\Delta \mathrm{{SOC}}$ 较小,并且${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\text{dif }}$ 也较小,则需要小的均衡电流以保证电池安全;
(3)如果${U}_{\text{dif }}$ 很大,并且${\Delta U}$ 也很大,则需要大的均衡电流提高均衡速率;
(4)如果${U}_{\text{dif }}$ 很小,并且${\Delta U}$ 也很小,则需要较小的均衡电流防止电池出现过充过放。
为了验证所设计的模糊控制器的正确性, 使用 Matlab 软件中的模糊设计工具 Fuzzy 来设计并分析输入量和输出量之间的关系。
图12 分别为基于SOC 和基于电压的模糊逻辑控制下的三维关系图。可以看出,在基于 SOC 的 FLC 策略中,当${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{\text{dif }}$$\Delta \mathrm{{SOC}}$ 都比较大的时候,控制电路输出较大的均衡电流以加快均衡速率, 相反,则降低电流输出; 在基于电压的 FLC 策略中,当${U}_{\text{dif }}$${\Delta U}$ 比较大时,均输出较大电流来减少均衡时间,当${U}_{\text{dif }}$${\Delta U}$ 较小时,均以小电流输出,避免过充与过放。因此所设计的均衡电流控制器的调节机制与模糊规则的设定推导一致。
模糊变量应通过去模糊化转换为精确输出, 因为模糊变量不能用于电池均衡方案。本文选择面积中心(重心)centroid 去模糊方法,其表达式为
${I}_{\text{equ }}= \frac{\int {Z\varphi }\left( Z\right)\mathrm{d}z}{\int \varphi \left( Z\right)\mathrm{d}z}$
式中,$\varphi \left( Z\right)$ 为推理的模糊结果,如图8 所示。然后由 FLC 获得的电流, 通过式 (6)~式 (8) 再得到对应的开关周期, 进而通过控制 MOSFETs 对均衡电路进行均衡控制。
为了更好地量化电池组的不一致性以及均衡效果,本文采用电池差异度$\varepsilon$ 和能量利用率$\eta$ 这 2 个参数, 其定义为
$\varepsilon =\sqrt{\frac{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{n}{\left({\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{i}- \overline{\mathrm{{SOC}}}\right)}^{2}}{n}}$
$\eta =\frac{\Delta {Q}_{\mathrm{{ch}}}}{\Delta {Q}_{\mathrm{{dis}}}}$
式中:${\mathrm{{SOC}}}_{i}$$\overline{\mathrm{{SOC}}}$ 分别为电池组中各单体的荷电状态和电池组平均荷电状态;$\Delta {Q}_{\mathrm{{ch}}}$ 为均衡充入的能量;$\Delta {Q}_{\mathrm{{dis}}}$ 为均衡放出的能量。
本文使用 Matlab/Simulink 2019b 进行建模并仿真,采用的锂离子电池参数为${3.7}\mathrm{\;V}/{2.2}\mathrm{\;A}\cdot \mathrm{h}$,电池组各单体初始 SOC 值分别为${76}\%\text{、}{72}\%\text{、}{70}\%$ 、 65%、62%、58%;均衡仿真模型包括电池模块、双层选择开关、非隔离型 Cuk 均衡器、开关控制模块以及基于 FLC 的电流控制模块。开关控制模块是用来根据电池组中各单体的状态实现对双层选择开关的开通和关闭。基于 FLC 的电流控制模块是由 Matlab function 模块、Fuzzy 模块以及 PWM 输出模块, function 模块根据式 (9)∼式 (12) 计算得到 Fuzzy 模块的 2 个输入量,通过 2.2 节的设计, Fuzzy 模块通过模糊控制规则输出均衡电流, 而 PWM 输出模块则是将采集的 Cuk 电路的输出电流与 Fuzzy 模块的控制电流作比较, 进而调节 Cuk 的 PWM 开关的脉冲占空比。为了验证本文所提出的拓扑及算法的性能, 下面将分别进行均衡拓扑和 FLC 算法的对比实验。
为了验证本文所提出的基于 Cuk 电路的任意单体间能量传递拓扑的均衡性能,与同以 Cuk 电路作为能量传递变换器的传统相邻单体间拓扑进行比较。对比试验采用的是基于均值差分算法, 具体的各单体 SOC 值变化分别如图13图14 所示。
图13图14 所示, 在静置均衡状态下, 传统相邻单体间能量传递拓扑需要大约${830}\mathrm{\;s}$ 完成均衡,而本文所提出的拓扑只需 646 s,减少了大约 22.17%的均衡时间,由此可知本文所提的拓扑能够提高均衡速度。
2 种均衡拓扑的比较如表2 所示。
本文所提出的均衡拓扑中采用双层选择开关代替相邻单体间的均衡器, 成倍地减少了电感和电容的使用数量。虽然开关的总数量增加,但只需要较少的 PWM 控制开关, 因此降低了硬件需求。
为了更好地说明本文所提出的模糊逻辑控制算法的优越性, 与均值差分算法进行比较实验, 分为静置均衡实验和充放电均衡实验。其中均衡充放电实验采用恒流充放电来验证。
图15 为采用基于均值差分算法和基于 FLC 进行均衡的各单体 SOC 变化曲线, 具体数据如表3 所示。如图15 所示, 采用均值差分算法对电池组进行均衡需要${684}\mathrm{\;s}$,而采用模糊逻辑控制 FLC 算法只需要${429}\mathrm{\;s}$,因此后者在均衡时间上要相对快 37.28%。
表3 所示的实验数据可知, 在静置均衡实验结束后, 采用均值差分算法进行均衡的电池组平均 SOC 为 66.68%,单体电池间极差为 2.83%;而采用 FLC 进行均衡后的电池组平均 SOC 为 66.98%, 单体电池间极差为 1.02%, 相较之下, 基于 FLC 的均衡策略所带来的均衡效果更好。
图16图17 分别为采用基于均值差分算法和基于 FLC 算法进行均衡充放电实验的各单体 SOC 变化曲线。
图16图17 可知, 在充电均衡状态下, 采用均值差分算法和 FLC 算法完成均衡分别需要${649}\text{、}{448}\mathrm{\;s}$ ; 在放电均衡状态下,2 种算法完成均衡分别需要 654、441 s。因此,在充电和放电 2 种状态下, 相较于均值差分算法, 用 FLC 算法进行均衡分别能够减少 31.05%和 32.57%的均衡时间。
综合静置均衡和充放电均衡的实验结果, 可以验证采用FLC 进行均衡电流动态调整的优点。
图18 为电池组均衡前的初始状态和采用 FLC 算法进行静置均衡后电池组各单体 SOC 状态的对比。均衡前 (初始状态), 电池组的 SOC 极差为${18}\%,\varepsilon$ 为 6.71; 而均衡后的 SOC 极差为${1.02}\%,\varepsilon$$\eta$ 分别为 0.37、93.11%,而由表3 的对比数据可知,采用基于均值差分算法进行均衡后,$\varepsilon$$\eta$ 分别为 0.93、82.04%。由此可见,相比于采用均值差分算法, 采用 FLC 算法进行均衡提高了约 11%能量利用率。这表明该均衡方案可以有效地改善电池组的不一致性且有较高的能量利用率。
由于传统 Cuk 均衡电路存在均衡路径复杂和均衡时间长的缺点, 以及电池组在 SOC 全周期范围进行均衡时仅根据一种均衡变量进行均衡判断存在局限性。
本文提出了一种基于 FLC 的主动均衡方案。 所提出的拓扑结构和分段式均衡策略可以实现任意单体间的均衡, 并通过设计 FLC 动态调节均衡电流提高整体均衡效率以及电池组的一致性, 拓扑结构和算法的性能已经通过仿真实验得以验证。在未来的实物验证工作中, 我们会进一步考虑采用软开关技术来提高电池组的能量利用率。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52007102)
  • 国网冀北电力有限公司科技资助项目(SGJBZJ00YXJS1901252)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Wang Shunli, Fernandez C, Yu Chunmei, et al. A novel charged state prediction method of the lithium ion battery packs based on the composite equivalent modeling and improved splice Kalman filtering algorithm[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020. 471: 228450.
[2]
Hannan MA, Lipu MSH, Hussain A, et al. A review of lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation and management system in electric vehicle applications: challenges and recommendations[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017. 78: 834-854.
[3]
Lee KM, Lee S W, Choi Y G, et al. Active balancing of Li-ion battery cells using transformer as energy carrier[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017. 64(2): 1251-1257.
[4]
Chen Yang, Liu Xiaofang, Cui Yangyi, et al. A multi winding transformer cell-to-cell active equalization method for lithium-ion batteries with reduced number of driving circuits[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016. 31(7): 4916-4929.
[5]
Bouchhima N, Gossen M, Schulte S, et al. Lifetime of self-reconfigurable batteries compared with conventional batteries[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2018. 15: 400-407.
[6]
Zheng Xinxin, Liu Xintian, He Yao, et al. Active vehicle battery equalization scheme in the condition of constant-voltage/current charging and discharging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2017. 66(5): 3714-3723.
[7]
邓涛, 李志飞, 李德才, 等. 电动汽车动力电池主动均衡控制研究[J]. 电源技术, 2019. 43(2): 297-300.
Deng Tao, Li Zhifei, Li Decai, et al. Research on active equalization control of power batteries for electric vehicle[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2019. 43(2): 297-300 (in Chinese).
[8]
Qi Jian, Lu DDC. A preventive approach for solving battery imbalance issue by using a bidirectional multiple-input Cuk converter working in DCVM[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017. 64(10): 7780-7789.
[9]
Zheng Yuejiu, Ouyang Minggao, Lu Languang, et al. On-line equalization for lithium-ion battery packs based on charging cell voltages: part 1. equalization based on remaining charging capacity estimation[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014. 247: 676-686.
[10]
Wang Xiaolin, Cheng K WE, Fong Y C. Series-parallel switched-capacitor balancing circuit for hybrid source package[J]. IEEE Access, 2018. 6: 34254-34261.
[11]
Zheng Jian, Chen Jian, Ouyang Quan. Variable universe fuzzy control for battery equalization[J]. Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, 2018. 31(1): 325-342.
[12]
Farzan Moghaddam A, Van den Bossche A. A Ćuk converter cell balancing technique by using coupled inductors for lithium-based batteries[J]. Energies, 2019. 12(15): 2881.
[13]
张凯, 赵鹏, 王友仁, 等. 基于荷电状态的锂离子电池组主动均衡控制[J]. 中国机械工程, 2020. 31(16): 1931-1939.
Zhang Kai, Zhao Peng, Wang Youren, et al. SOC-based active equalization control for lithium-ion battery packs[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2020. 31(16): 1931-1939 (in Chinese).
[14]
刘红锐, 李园专, 李思奇, 等. 一种基于 Cuk 斩波电路的串联蓄电池均衡器的研究[J]. 昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2016. 41(2): 71-75.
Liu Hongrui, Li Yuanzhuan, Li Siqi, et al. Study on equalizer for serially connected battery cells based on Cuk chopper circuit[J]. Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2016. 41(2): 71-75 (in Chinese).
[15]
Wang Yujie, Zhang Chenbin, Chen Zonghai, et al. A novel active equalization method for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles[J]. Applied Energy, 2015. 145: 36-42.
[16]
Nguyen N, Oruganti S K, Na K, et al. An adaptive backward control battery equalization system for serially connected lithium-ion battery packs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2014. 63(8): 3651-3660.
[17]
Ma Yan, Duan Peng, Sun Yanshuai, et al. Equalization of lithium-ion battery pack based on fuzzy logic control in electric vehicle[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018. 65(8): 6762-6771.
[18]
邱斌斌, 王智弘, 李程, 等. 电池组用荷电状态均衡充电模糊控制策略[J]. 电源学报, 2015. 13(2): 113-120.
Qiu Binbin, Wang Zhihong, Li Cheng, et al. Fuzzy control strategy for battery equalization charge based on state of charge[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2015. 13(2): 113-120 (in Chinese).
[19]
Wang Biao, Qin Feifei, Zhao Xiaobo, et al. Equalization of series connected lithium-ion batteries based on back propagation neural network and fuzzy logic control[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2020. 44(6): 4812-4826.
2024年第22卷第2期
PDF下载
283
109
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.205
  • 接收时间:2021-05-29
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-03-30
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-29
  • 修回日期:2021-06-17
  • 录用日期:2021-06-22
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52007102)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52007102)
Science and Technology Project of State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd.(SGJBZJ00YXJS1901252)
国网冀北电力有限公司科技资助项目(SGJBZJ00YXJS1901252)
作者信息
    国网冀北电力有限公司 张家口供电公司 张家口 075000
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/CN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.205
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏