Article(id=1154038493249523804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.132, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1622736000000, receivedDateStr=2021-06-04, revisedDate=1624377600000, revisedDateStr=2021-06-23, acceptedDate=1625500800000, acceptedDateStr=2021-07-06, onlineDate=1753073817788, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1711728000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753073817788, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753073817788, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753073817788, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154038481564197598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='455', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753073815003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780998609, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=132, endPage=138, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154038494625255523, articleId=1154038493249523804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Common-ground-type High-gain Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverter, columnId=1152281492488549232, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=DC-AC Inverters, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A single-phase transformerless inverter for photovoltaic power generation is proposed, which has a common ground between its input and output and thus eliminates the common-mode current in the photovoltaic system. Meanwhile, its voltage gain is higher than that of the traditional single-phase quasi-Z-source inverter. In addition, the use of thin film capacitor makes the inverter more reliable and prolongs its service life. The working principle of this inverter is also analyzed in detail. Finally, a 140 W prototype was built, and results verified the correctness of the proposed inverter topology and the effectiveness of the control strategy in islanding and grid-connected operation modes.

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提出一种用于光伏发电的单相无变压器逆变器,其输入端和输出端之间共地,从而消除了光伏系统中的共模电流。同时,该逆变器的电压增益高于传统单相准Z源逆变器。此外,利用薄膜电容使逆变器更可靠,并延长其使用寿命。详细分析了该逆变器的工作原理,最后,搭建了一台140W的实验样机,在孤岛和并网2种运行模式下验证了所提逆变器拓扑的正确性和控制策略的有效性。

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殷伟斌(1974-),男,通信作者,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化、电力变换器。E-mail:zbshpw.1023@163.com。

丁一岷(1972-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail: 398797749@qq.com。

范明(1981-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail: fm19812@hotmail.com。

傅进(1981-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail: fu_j_1981@hotmail.com。

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殷伟斌(1974-),男,通信作者,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化、电力变换器。E-mail:zbshpw.1023@163.com。

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殷伟斌(1974-),男,通信作者,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化、电力变换器。E-mail:zbshpw.1023@163.com。

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丁一岷(1972-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail: 398797749@qq.com。

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丁一岷(1972-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail: 398797749@qq.com。

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范明(1981-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail: fm19812@hotmail.com。

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范明(1981-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail: fm19812@hotmail.com。

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傅进(1981-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail: fu_j_1981@hotmail.com。

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017. 32(7): 5016-5022., articleTitle=A new single-phase switched-coupled-inductor DC-AC inverter for photovoltaic systems, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154038603140289415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038603144483720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, companyId=1154038603140289415, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd Jiaxing 314033 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154038603148678025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, companyId=1154038603140289415, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网浙江省电力有限公司 嘉兴 314033)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154038615383462016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Topology of proposed inverter, figureFileSmall=d5R84iIFPGSrUl2lQr/y7A==, figureFileBig=52OXNH3ixogIB92o5JY8EA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038615454765188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=CN, label=图1, caption=所提逆变器拓扑结构, figureFileSmall=d5R84iIFPGSrUl2lQr/y7A==, figureFileBig=52OXNH3ixogIB92o5JY8EA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038615542845574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Operation modes of proposed inverter, figureFileSmall=w5yeKma8SRnsCH76FFFQMA==, figureFileBig=VryWXKuQdM36wnEHfUF9KQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038615605760137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=CN, label=图2, caption=所提逆变器运行模态, figureFileSmall=w5yeKma8SRnsCH76FFFQMA==, figureFileBig=VryWXKuQdM36wnEHfUF9KQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038615664480396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Driving pulse signal of proposed inverter, figureFileSmall=xABu2DcnBsm5nF32184wjA==, figureFileBig=Bkf/3FrMdtU0R+EVv0cuGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038615727394959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=CN, label=图3, caption=所提逆变器驱动脉冲信号, figureFileSmall=xABu2DcnBsm5nF32184wjA==, figureFileBig=Bkf/3FrMdtU0R+EVv0cuGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038615794503825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Control block diagram of proposed inverter, figureFileSmall=XleRUBoWOtJrfScXUym5SQ==, figureFileBig=bHTLO0u+uZn9fN822eEbdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038615853224084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=CN, label=图4, caption=所提逆变器控制框图, figureFileSmall=XleRUBoWOtJrfScXUym5SQ==, figureFileBig=bHTLO0u+uZn9fN822eEbdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038615903555733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Waveforms of inductance current and capacitance voltage, figureFileSmall=3rPkjL2wWzWRiA7BpWxEvA==, figureFileBig=rfM8gn6YLXZW39EiLbLBwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038615970664598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=CN, label=图5, caption=电感电流和电容电压波形, figureFileSmall=3rPkjL2wWzWRiA7BpWxEvA==, figureFileBig=rfM8gn6YLXZW39EiLbLBwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038616033579159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Waveforms of voltage at both ends of switches, figureFileSmall=DkuFJ1waIFCtsvXF+1ZV+Q==, figureFileBig=hpc5uA7bSrnAYoqxCP6EQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038616209739928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=CN, label=图6, caption=开关管两端电压波形, figureFileSmall=DkuFJ1waIFCtsvXF+1ZV+Q==, figureFileBig=hpc5uA7bSrnAYoqxCP6EQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038616276848793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Waveforms of output voltage ${v}_{0}$ and current ${i}_{0}$, figureFileSmall=F6xtpBU+rV/TgSH4yHKD5Q==, figureFileBig=CPRML3oQ9YMli83kJbsQRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038616343957658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=CN, label=图7, caption=输出电压 ${v}_{0}$ 、电流 ${i}_{0}$ 波形, figureFileSmall=F6xtpBU+rV/TgSH4yHKD5Q==, figureFileBig=CPRML3oQ9YMli83kJbsQRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038616415260827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Dynamic response waveforms of proposed inverter, figureFileSmall=lBPDDgL7TaFgLZ/TXXhgPg==, figureFileBig=kbGLV830P4PPg60lkWNg5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038616494952604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=CN, label=图8, caption=所提逆变器动态响应波形, figureFileSmall=lBPDDgL7TaFgLZ/TXXhgPg==, figureFileBig=kbGLV830P4PPg60lkWNg5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038616566255773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Relationship between voltage gain and duty cycle of proposed inverter, figureFileSmall=1gPDbFZvgJkEr9hzW90cvA==, figureFileBig=vQmInPurCsJdWMIVyl3Q8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038616633364642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=CN, label=图9, caption=所提逆变器电压增益与占空比之间的关系, figureFileSmall=1gPDbFZvgJkEr9hzW90cvA==, figureFileBig=vQmInPurCsJdWMIVyl3Q8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038616725639336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Experimental parameters of circuit, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
输入电压${V}_{\mathrm{{pv}}}/\left({\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{{DC}}}\right)$ 38
额定功率${P}_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{W}$ 140
输出电压${v}_{\mathrm{g}}/\left({\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{{AC}}}\right)$ 220
开关频率${f}_{\mathrm{s}}/\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 40
输入电容${C}_{\mathrm{{PV}}}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 2000
电容${C}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 6.8
电容${C}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 10
电容${C}_{o}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 3.3
电感${L}_{1},{L}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 220
电感${L}_{3}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 900
), ArticleFig(id=1154038616805331116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038493249523804, language=CN, label=表1, caption=实验电路参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
输入电压${V}_{\mathrm{{pv}}}/\left({\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{{DC}}}\right)$ 38
额定功率${P}_{\mathrm{o}}/\mathrm{W}$ 140
输出电压${v}_{\mathrm{g}}/\left({\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{{AC}}}\right)$ 220
开关频率${f}_{\mathrm{s}}/\mathrm{{kHz}}$ 40
输入电容${C}_{\mathrm{{PV}}}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 2000
电容${C}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 6.8
电容${C}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 10
电容${C}_{o}/\mu \mathrm{F}$ 3.3
电感${L}_{1},{L}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 220
电感${L}_{3}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 900
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一种共地型高增益无变压器光伏逆变器
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殷伟斌 , 丁一岷 , 范明 , 傅进
电源学报 | DC-AC 逆变器 2024,22(2): 132-138
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电源学报 | DC-AC 逆变器 2024, 22(2): 132-138
一种共地型高增益无变压器光伏逆变器
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殷伟斌 , 丁一岷 , 范明 , 傅进
作者信息
  • 国网浙江省电力有限公司 嘉兴 314033
  • 殷伟斌(1974-),男,通信作者,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化、电力变换器。E-mail:zbshpw.1023@163.com。

    丁一岷(1972-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail: 398797749@qq.com。

    范明(1981-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail: fm19812@hotmail.com。

    傅进(1981-),男,本科,高级工程师。研究方向:电力系统及其自动化。E-mail: fu_j_1981@hotmail.com。

Common-ground-type High-gain Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverter
Weibin YIN , Yimin DING , Ming FAN , Jin FU
Affiliations
  • State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd Jiaxing 314033 China
出版时间: 2024-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.132
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提出一种用于光伏发电的单相无变压器逆变器,其输入端和输出端之间共地,从而消除了光伏系统中的共模电流。同时,该逆变器的电压增益高于传统单相准Z源逆变器。此外,利用薄膜电容使逆变器更可靠,并延长其使用寿命。详细分析了该逆变器的工作原理,最后,搭建了一台140W的实验样机,在孤岛和并网2种运行模式下验证了所提逆变器拓扑的正确性和控制策略的有效性。

单相  /  共模电流  /  无变压器  /  Z源逆变器

A single-phase transformerless inverter for photovoltaic power generation is proposed, which has a common ground between its input and output and thus eliminates the common-mode current in the photovoltaic system. Meanwhile, its voltage gain is higher than that of the traditional single-phase quasi-Z-source inverter. In addition, the use of thin film capacitor makes the inverter more reliable and prolongs its service life. The working principle of this inverter is also analyzed in detail. Finally, a 140 W prototype was built, and results verified the correctness of the proposed inverter topology and the effectiveness of the control strategy in islanding and grid-connected operation modes.

Single-phase  /  common-mode current  /  transformerless  /  Z-source inverter
殷伟斌, 丁一岷, 范明, 傅进. 一种共地型高增益无变压器光伏逆变器. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (2) : 132 -138 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.132
Weibin YIN, Yimin DING, Ming FAN, Jin FU. Common-ground-type High-gain Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverter[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (2) : 132 -138 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.132
随着 “碳达峰、碳中和”发展目标的提出,光伏等可再生能源发电技术成为人们关注的焦点[1]。在光伏发电技术中,微型逆变器以其最大限度地利用太阳能、高效率和模块化等特点而备受关注[2]。然而, 由于单块光伏电池板的输出电压不够高, 因此需要升压后将光伏电接入电网。虽然可以通过串联光伏板来增加输出电压, 但光伏板不一致时会显著降低输出功率[3]。此外,由于光伏板和地之间的寄生电容较大,系统中会出现共模电流,从而降低系统效率并导致安全问题,故必须减小或消除该电流。
传统的半桥和三电平不对称电感中点钳位逆变器具有共地的优点, 然而, 其所需输入电压是电网峰值电压的 2 倍[4]。无变压器对称电感逆变器与全桥变换器应用双极性正弦脉冲宽度调制 SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) 可以显著降低共模电流, 但会产生较大的电磁噪声、总谐波失真 THD (total harmonic distortion) 和开关损耗[5]。虽然解耦电路可以降低共模电流, 但会给逆变器增加额外的器件, 增加系统成本, 且高输入电压问题仍然存在。$\mathrm{Z}$ 源逆变器使用一个$\mathrm{Z}$ 源网络连接到半桥或全桥中,由于使用了零状态触发,因此其具有升降压功能[6]。准$\mathrm{Z}$ 源逆变器可降低电容的电压应力并改善输入电流分布[7-10],适用于光伏发电应用。虽然 Z源逆变器具有升压能力,但其也会受到共模电流的影响, 另一种消除共模电流的方法是使用公共接地拓扑。文献 [11]提出的准 Z 源逆变器具有公共接地的特征, 然而, 该逆变器的最大电压增益只有 1 ; 文献[12]中具有公共接地的逆变器采用滑模控制代替传统的脉冲宽度调制策略,以提高逆变器的动态响应和鲁棒性, 然而, 所采用的控制策略相当复杂并且电压增益低于 1, 此外, 文献[11]和[12]中的逆变器都不具备无功发电能力;虽然文献[13]中的共地逆变器解决了这个问题, 但其最大电压增益仍然低于 1 ; 文献[14]提出一种基于 Buck-Boost 变换器的具有更高电压增益的单相$\mathrm{Z}$ 源逆变器,同时提供公共接地以消除共模电流, 然而, 这种逆变器的驱动信号产生相当复杂,并且不能产生无功功率;文献[15] 提出一种新型单相耦合开关电感逆变器, 该逆变器具有公共接地点和大于 1 的电压增益, 虽然使用了耦合电感, 但其功率开关器件承受着高电压和高电流应力。
本文提出一种无变压器单相逆变器拓扑结构, 该拓扑在输入和输出端之间具有公共接地点, 并且具有较高的电压增益。本文所提逆变器开关器件上的电压应力低于文献[14]和[15]中的$\mathrm{Z}$ 源逆变器, 从而提高了系统的可靠性, 降低了开关损耗。这种具有高电压增益的单相单级微型逆变器在光伏发电技术中具有重要应用价值。
图1(a) 为孤岛模式下所提逆变器的拓扑结构, 包括${\mathrm{S}}_{1}\text{、}{\mathrm{\;S}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ 3 个开关管,${C}_{\mathrm{{pv}}}\text{、}{C}_{1}\text{、}{C}_{2}$${C}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 4 个电容以及${L}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{2}$${L}_{3}3$ 个电感,${L}_{3}$${C}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 共同构成逆变器输出端的 LC 滤波器。图1(b)为并网模式下所提逆变器的拓扑结构, 其中输出滤波器是 LCL 型的,电网的中性点$N$ 和光伏板的负极直接连接,具有公共接地点,使得光伏板和地之间的寄生电容${C}_{\mathrm{p}}$ 被短接, 从而消除了系统中的共模电流。在孤岛和并网模下, 所提逆变器分别作为电压源逆变器和电流源逆变器运行。如图1(a) 所示,该逆变器由一个传统 boost 变换器和一个准$\mathrm{Z}$ 源变换器组成,两者可为逆变器提供较高的电压增益, 而无需使用耦合变压器进行升压。为了便于对所提逆变器进行分析, 假设所有元件均为理想器件, 开关频率远大于电网频率, 因此在每个开关周期内电容两端电压恒定。
所提逆变器的运行模态如图2 所示, 具体工作原理如下。
模态 1: 开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ 导通,${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 断开,如图2(a) 所示。在输入电压${v}_{\text{in }}$ 的作用下,电感${L}_{1}$ 上的电流线性上升,电容${C}_{2}$ 通过电感${L}_{2}$ 进行充电,${C}_{1}$ 放电。 根据基尔霍夫定律, 可得该模态下的电压、电流回路方程为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_{{L}_{1}}= {v}_{\text{in }}\\{v}_{{L}_{2}}= -{v}_{{C}_{2}}\\{v}_{{L}_{3}}= -\left({{v}_{{C}_{1}}+ {v}_{\mathrm{o}}}\right)\\{i}_{{C}_{1}}= {i}_{{L}_{3}}\\{j}_{{L}_{2}}= {j}_{{L}_{3}}\end{array}\right.$
式中:${v}_{{L}_{1}}\text{、}{v}_{{L}_{2}}\text{、}{v}_{{L}_{3}}$${v}_{{C}_{1}}\text{、}{v}_{{C}_{2}}$ 分别为电感${L}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{2}\text{、}{L}_{3}$ 以及电容${C}_{1}\text{、}{C}_{2}$ 上的电压;${v}_{\text{in }}$ 为输入电压;${v}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 为输出电压;${i}_{{c}_{1}}\text{、}{i}_{{c}_{2}}$${i}_{{L}_{2}}$${i}_{{L}_{3}}$ 分别为电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 以及电感${L}_{2}$${L}_{3}$ 的电流。
模态 2: 开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 导通,${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ 断开,如图2(b) 所示。电感${L}_{1}$ 给电容${C}_{1}$ 充电,同时,在输入电压${v}_{\text{in }}$ 的作用下,电感${L}_{2}$ 上的电流线性上升,电容${C}_{2}$ 放电。该模态下的电压、电流回路方程为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_{{L}_{1}}= {v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}- {v}_{{C}_{1}}\\{v}_{{L}_{2}}= {v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}\\{v}_{{L}_{3}}= {v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}+ {v}_{{C}_{2}}- {v}_{\mathrm{o}}\\{i}_{{C}_{1}}= {i}_{{L}_{1}}\\{j}_{{L}_{2}}= {j}_{{L}_{2}}\end{array}\right.$
通过对电感${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 应用伏秒平衡原理,得到电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 的电压为
${v}_{{c}_{1}}= \frac{1}{1 - D}{v}_{\text{in }}$
${v}_{{C}_{2}}= \frac{1 - D}{D}{v}_{\text{in }}$
式中,$D$ 为开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ 的占空比。
根据式 (3) 和式 (4), 并将伏秒平衡原理应用于电感${L}_{3}$,所提逆变器的电压增益可以达到
$\frac{{v}_{\mathrm{o}}}{{v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}= \frac{1 -{2D}}{D\left({1 - D}\right)} $
当占空比$D$${0.1}\sim {0.9}$ 之间时,所提逆变器的最大电压增益可达到 8.9, 因此具有高增益特征。根据式 (5),当考虑${v}_{0}$ 为常数时,所提逆变器的最小输入电压${v}_{\mathrm{{in}}\text{-min }}$ 可以由其最大电压增益计算得到。
输出电压和调制度之间的关系为
${v}_{\mathrm{o}}= {V}_{\mathrm{m}}\sin \left({\omega t}\right)$
$ M =\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{m}}}{{v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}$
式中:$\omega$ 为角频率;${V}_{\mathrm{m}}$ 为逆变器输出电压峰值;$M$ 为调制度。
将式(6)和式(7)代入式(5),可得
$ D =\frac{2 + M\sin \left({\omega t}\right)- \sqrt{{M}^{2}{\sin }^{2}\left({\omega t}\right)+ 4}}{{2M}\sin \left({\omega t}\right)} $
因此, 根据式 (6)∼ 式 (8), 为了在输出端产生正弦电压,需要根据输出电压大小改变占空比。
图3 给出了驱动脉冲信号生成方式, 令调制波信号${V}_{\text{ref }}$ 等于式 (8) 中的$D$,并将${V}_{\text{ref }}$ 与载波信号${V}_{\text{carrier }}$ 进行比较。从图3 可以看出,当${V}_{\text{ref }}$ 高于${V}_{\text{carrier }}$ 时,${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ 导通,当${V}_{\text{carrier }}$ 高于${V}_{\text{ref }}$ 时,${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ 导通。应用此调制方式, 输出端将产生正弦波形。
图4 为所提逆变器在孤岛和并网模式下的控制框图。如图4(a) 所示, 在孤岛模式下, 控制逆变器输出滤波电容的电压${v}_{{c}_{v}}$ 以在输出端产生正弦交流电压,控制回路采用比例谐振${\mathrm{{PR}}}_{2}$ (proportional resonant) 控制器, 逆变器输出电压的误差作为 PR 控制器的输入, PR 控制器输出正弦信号$M\sin \left({\omega t}\right)$ 作为式 (8) 的输入,然后将所得的调制波信号${V}_{\text{ref }}$ 与载波信号${V}_{\text{carrier }}$ 进行比较以产生驱动脉冲信号。 如图4(b) 所示, 在并网模式下, 首先, 最大功率点跟踪 MPPT (maximum power point tracking) 控制单元产生光伏板的输出参考电压${v}_{\mathrm{{in}}}^{* }$; 然后,该电压的误差经比例积分${\mathrm{{PI}}}_{1}$ (proportional integral)控制器传递过来,得到逆变器输出参考电流的幅值${I}_{{L}_{3}}^{* }$,锁相环单元产生输出电流的参考相位, 将两者相乘后得到输出电流的参考值${i}_{{L}_{3}}^{* }$; 最后,通过类似图4 $\left(\mathrm{a}\right)$${\mathrm{{PR}}}_{1}$ 控制器控制逆变器输出电流,在控制系统中, 可以采用有源阻尼方法来提高控制系统的稳定性。 在该方法中,将电容电流${i}_{{C}_{c}}$ 经过一个增益为${K}_{\mathrm{D}}$ 的比例控制后得到的输出信号叠加到电流控制器${\mathrm{{PR}}}_{1}$ 的输出中,产生正弦信号$M\sin \left({\omega t}\right)$$\mathrm{{PI}}$$\mathrm{{PR}}$ 控制器的方程式为
$\mathrm{{PI}}\left( s\right)= {K}_{\mathrm{P}}+ \frac{{K}_{\mathrm{I}}}{s}$
$\operatorname{PR}\left( s\right)= {K}_{\mathrm{P}}+ \frac{{K}_{\mathrm{R}}s}{{s}^{2}+ {K}_{\mathrm{C}}s +{\omega }^{2}}$
式中,${K}_{\mathrm{P}}\text{、}{K}_{\mathrm{I}}\text{、}{K}_{\mathrm{R}}$${K}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 为控制参数。
为验证所提逆变器的性能, 搭建了一台功率为${140}\mathrm{\;W}$ 的实验样机,具体实验参数如表1 所示。
图5(a) 为电感${L}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{2}$${L}_{3}$ 的电流波形,图5(b) 为电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 的电压波形。可以看出,电容${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 上的电压应力分别为400和${320}\mathrm{\;V}$。开关管${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ 两端的电压波形如图6 所示。从图中可看出, 开关管两端电压峰值分别为 400、500 和 400 V。
图7(a) 为带阻性负载时输出电流${i}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 和输出电压${v}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 的波形,输出电压峰值为${311}\mathrm{\;V}$,输出电流峰值为${0.9}\mathrm{\;A}$,输出电压和输出电流的 THD 分别为 2.9%和 4.9%,与预期设计值相符。为了检验所提逆变器产生无功功率的能力, 还使用阻感负载对其进行了测试,图7(b)为负载功率因数$\mathrm{{PF}}$ (power factor) 为 0.85 时逆变器的输出波形, 可以看出电流滞后电压大约${30}^{\circ }$,符合实验预期。
图8 给出了孤岛和并网模式下所提逆变器输出功率从$1/2$ 额定功率跳变至额定功率时的动态响应波形。由图8(a) 和 (b) 可以看出, 逆变器输出电压保持稳定, 输出电流增大一倍, 证明了孤岛模式下电压控制器的有效性; 由图8(c)和 (d) 可以看出,当参考电流突变时,逆变器动态调节时间在$5\mathrm{\;{ms}}$ 以内, 证明了并网模式下 MPPT 控制器和电流控制器的有效性。此外, 所提逆变器可以有效地向电网注入正弦电流, THD 小于 5%,符合并网要求。
图9 为所提逆变器在实验条件与理想条件下电压增益和占空比之间的关系。由于逆变器元件中寄生参数的存在, 使得实验电压增益与理想电压增益存在差异。
本文提出一种新型无变压器单相逆变器, 阐述了其工作原理,并进行了理论分析。所提逆变器具有以下优点:在输入端和输出端之间具有公共接地, 从而消除了共模电流; 具有较高的电压增益; 具有向电网注入无功功率的能力。最后搭建了一台${140}\mathrm{\;W}$ 的实验样机,在孤岛和并网 2 种运行模式下验证了其拓扑的正确性和控制策略的有效性。
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2024年第22卷第2期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.132
  • 接收时间:2021-06-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-06-04
  • 修回日期:2021-06-23
  • 录用日期:2021-07-06
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    国网浙江省电力有限公司 嘉兴 314033
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