Article(id=1154038484940607559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.10, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1637769600000, receivedDateStr=2021-11-25, revisedDate=1642521600000, revisedDateStr=2022-01-19, acceptedDate=1646150400000, acceptedDateStr=2022-03-02, onlineDate=1753073815808, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1711728000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753073815808, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753073815808, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753073815808, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154038481564197598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='455', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753073815003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780998609, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004624629683027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154038481564197598, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=10, endPage=18, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154038485540393034, articleId=1154038484940607559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Period Doubling Bifurcation of Fractional-order Boost Converter Based on Predictor-corrector Algorithm, columnId=1152281491305755501, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=DC-DC Converters, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the fact that inductance and capacitance are of fractional-order, the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a fractional-order Boost converter are studied. The predictor-corrector model of the Boost converter is established using the predictor-corrector algorithm of fractional-order calculus. On this basis, the bifurcation diagrams with the reference current, input voltage and orders of capacitance and inductance as bifurcation parameters are obtained. The period doubling bifurcation and chaotic behaviors of the fractional-order Boost converter are studied, and its nonlinear dynamic behavior is compared with that of an integer-order Boost converter at the same time. Results show that under certain operating conditions, some nonlinear phenomena such as bifurcation and chaos will appear in the fractional-order Boost converter with changes in some circuit parameters. Under the condition of the same circuit parameters, the parameter stability domains of integer-and fractional-order converters are different. Compared with that of the integer-order converter, the parameter stability region of the fractional-order converter is smaller, which more truly reflects the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the Boost converter.

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基于电感电容本质是分数阶的事实,对分数阶 Boost 变换器的非线性动力学特性进行了深入研究。采用分数阶微积分的预估-校正算法,建立了 Boost 变换器的预估-校正模型,在此基础上得到了以参考电流、输入电压以及电容电感阶数为分岔参数的分岔图,研究了变换器的倍周期分岔和混沌行为,同时与整数阶 Boost 变换器的非线性动力学行为进行了比较。研究结果表明,在一定的工作条件下,随着变换器某些电路参数的变化,分数阶Boost变换器会出现分岔和混沌等非线性现象;在相同电路参数的条件下,整数阶和分数阶变换器的稳定参数域之间存在差异,与整数阶变换器相比,分数阶变换器的参数稳定区域更小,更真实地反映了 Boost 变换器的非线性动力学特性。

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谢玲玲(1980-),女,通信作者,博士, 副教授。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。 E-mail: xielingling@gxu.edu.cn。

杨雨晴(1997-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。E-mail: yangyuaha@qq.com。

姚浚义(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。E-mail: ww443703528@163.com。

秦龙(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。E-mail: man ba24@163.com。

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谢玲玲(1980-),女,通信作者,博士, 副教授。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。 E-mail: xielingling@gxu.edu.cn。

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谢玲玲(1980-),女,通信作者,博士, 副教授。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。 E-mail: xielingling@gxu.edu.cn。

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杨雨晴(1997-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。E-mail: yangyuaha@qq.com。

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杨雨晴(1997-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。E-mail: yangyuaha@qq.com。

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姚浚义(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。E-mail: ww443703528@163.com。

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姚浚义(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。E-mail: ww443703528@163.com。

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秦龙(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。E-mail: man ba24@163.com。

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秦龙(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。E-mail: man ba24@163.com。

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Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005. 25(1): 23-26 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Tangent bifurcation and burst chaos in current mode controlled BOOST converter, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154038600674038616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484940607559, awardId=61863003, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(61863003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154038600741147481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484940607559, awardId=61863003, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(61863003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154038600816644954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484940607559, awardId=61561007, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(61561007), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154038600879559515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, 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label=Fig. 3, caption=Bifurcation diagram of ${i}_{\mathrm{L}}$ and ${u}_{\mathrm{o}}$ of integer-order converter with ${I}_{\text{ref }}$ as bifurcation parameter, figureFileSmall=SSfWjqgijOherWTbncp2Iw==, figureFileBig=N7rx622BKVgnVUc+Nbb8cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038599440913223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484940607559, language=CN, label=图3, caption=整数阶变换器以 ${I}_{\text{ref }}$ 为分岔参数的电感电流 ${i}_{\mathrm{L}}$ 和电容电压 ${u}_{0}$ 分岔图, figureFileSmall=SSfWjqgijOherWTbncp2Iw==, figureFileBig=N7rx622BKVgnVUc+Nbb8cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038599503827784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484940607559, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=${V}- I$ phase diagram under different values of${I}_{\text{ref }}$, figureFileSmall=s5lWJiFCQzidamHUPFPRtA==, figureFileBig=NC1npQeKNRRTrlco0w88/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038599554159433, 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caption=以电感电容阶数为分岔参数的电感电流 ${i}_{\mathrm{L}}$ 和电容电压 ${u}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 分岔图, figureFileSmall=2YUlmy2JOFA3TJU+oJ+7rA==, figureFileBig=rc7rEyskrK+q1xfihGBSQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038600158139218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484940607559, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=${V}- I$ phase diagram under different orders of inductance and capacitance, figureFileSmall=BX489PF2uvaI9WmPjJNTDQ==, figureFileBig=+6WE+ODTyrwb3yB3U56KYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038600212665171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484940607559, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同电容电感阶数取值下的 $V$ - $I$ 相图, figureFileSmall=BX489PF2uvaI9WmPjJNTDQ==, figureFileBig=+6WE+ODTyrwb3yB3U56KYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154038600262996820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484940607559, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Range of reference current ${I}_{\text{ref }}$ for fractional-and integer-order Boost converters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变换器 稳定 周期 2 周期 4 混沌
类型 参数区域 运行状态 运行状态 运行状态
分数阶 Boost 变换器 $0 <{I}_{\text{ref }}< {1.58}\mathrm{\;A}$ ${1.58}\mathrm{\;A}\leq$ ${I}_{\text{ref}}< {2.84}\mathrm{\;A}$ ${2.84}\mathrm{\;A}\leq$ ${I}_{\text{ref }}< {3.32}\mathrm{\;A}$ ${3.32}\mathrm{\;A}\leq$ ${I}_{\text{ref }}< {4.50}\mathrm{\;A}$
整数阶 Boost 变换器 $0 <{I}_{\text{ref }}< {1.69}\mathrm{\;A}$ ${1.69}\mathrm{\;A}\leq$ ${I}_{\text{ref }}< {2.39}\mathrm{\;A}$ ${2.39}\mathrm{\;A}\leq$ ${I}_{\text{ref }}< {2.65}\mathrm{\;A}$ ${2.65}\mathrm{\;A}\leq$ ${I}_{\text{ref }}< {4.50}\mathrm{\;A}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154038600317522773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484940607559, language=CN, label=表1, caption=分数阶和整数阶 Boost 变换器的参考电流 ${\mathbf{I}}_{\text{ref }}$ 取值范围, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变换器 稳定 周期 2 周期 4 混沌
类型 参数区域 运行状态 运行状态 运行状态
分数阶 Boost 变换器 $0 <{I}_{\text{ref }}< {1.58}\mathrm{\;A}$ ${1.58}\mathrm{\;A}\leq$ ${I}_{\text{ref}}< {2.84}\mathrm{\;A}$ ${2.84}\mathrm{\;A}\leq$ ${I}_{\text{ref }}< {3.32}\mathrm{\;A}$ ${3.32}\mathrm{\;A}\leq$ ${I}_{\text{ref }}< {4.50}\mathrm{\;A}$
整数阶 Boost 变换器 $0 <{I}_{\text{ref }}< {1.69}\mathrm{\;A}$ ${1.69}\mathrm{\;A}\leq$ ${I}_{\text{ref }}< {2.39}\mathrm{\;A}$ ${2.39}\mathrm{\;A}\leq$ ${I}_{\text{ref }}< {2.65}\mathrm{\;A}$ ${2.65}\mathrm{\;A}\leq$ ${I}_{\text{ref }}< {4.50}\mathrm{\;A}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154038600405603158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484940607559, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Range of input voltage ${V}_{\text{in }}$ for fractional- and integer-order Boost converters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变换器 稳定 周期 2 周期 4 混沌
类型 参数区域 运行状态 运行状态 运行状态
分数阶 18.25 V< 10.65 V< 9.05 V< ${8.00}\mathrm{\;V}<$
Boost ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$ ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$ ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$ ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$
变换器 ${22.00}\mathrm{\;V}$ 18.25 V 10.65 V ${9.05}\mathrm{\;V}$
整数阶 17.86 V< 12.62 V< 11.46 V< ${8.00}\mathrm{\;V}<$
Boost ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$ ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$ ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$ ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$
变换器 ${22.00}\mathrm{\;V}$ 17.86 V 12.62 V 11.46 V
), ArticleFig(id=1154038600485294935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154038484940607559, language=CN, label=表2, caption=分数阶和整数阶 Boost 变换器的输入电压${V}_{\text{in }}$取值范围, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变换器 稳定 周期 2 周期 4 混沌
类型 参数区域 运行状态 运行状态 运行状态
分数阶 18.25 V< 10.65 V< 9.05 V< ${8.00}\mathrm{\;V}<$
Boost ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$ ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$ ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$ ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$
变换器 ${22.00}\mathrm{\;V}$ 18.25 V 10.65 V ${9.05}\mathrm{\;V}$
整数阶 17.86 V< 12.62 V< 11.46 V< ${8.00}\mathrm{\;V}<$
Boost ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$ ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$ ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$ ${V}_{\text{in }}\leq$
变换器 ${22.00}\mathrm{\;V}$ 17.86 V 12.62 V 11.46 V
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基于预估-校正算法的分数阶 Boost 变换器倍周期分岔研究
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谢玲玲 , 杨雨晴 , 姚浚义 , 秦龙
电源学报 | DC-DC 变换器 2024,22(2): 10-18
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电源学报 | DC-DC 变换器 2024, 22(2): 10-18
基于预估-校正算法的分数阶 Boost 变换器倍周期分岔研究
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谢玲玲 , 杨雨晴 , 姚浚义 , 秦龙
作者信息
  • 广西大学 电气工程学院 南宁 530004
  • 谢玲玲(1980-),女,通信作者,博士, 副教授。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。 E-mail: xielingling@gxu.edu.cn。

    杨雨晴(1997-),女,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。E-mail: yangyuaha@qq.com。

    姚浚义(1997-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。E-mail: ww443703528@163.com。

    秦龙(1995-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:电力电子的分析与控制。E-mail: man ba24@163.com。

Period Doubling Bifurcation of Fractional-order Boost Converter Based on Predictor-corrector Algorithm
Lingling XIE , Yuqing YANG , Junyi YAO , Long QIN
Affiliations
  • School of Electrical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
出版时间: 2024-03-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.10
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基于电感电容本质是分数阶的事实,对分数阶 Boost 变换器的非线性动力学特性进行了深入研究。采用分数阶微积分的预估-校正算法,建立了 Boost 变换器的预估-校正模型,在此基础上得到了以参考电流、输入电压以及电容电感阶数为分岔参数的分岔图,研究了变换器的倍周期分岔和混沌行为,同时与整数阶 Boost 变换器的非线性动力学行为进行了比较。研究结果表明,在一定的工作条件下,随着变换器某些电路参数的变化,分数阶Boost变换器会出现分岔和混沌等非线性现象;在相同电路参数的条件下,整数阶和分数阶变换器的稳定参数域之间存在差异,与整数阶变换器相比,分数阶变换器的参数稳定区域更小,更真实地反映了 Boost 变换器的非线性动力学特性。

分数阶  /  Boost变换器  /  混沌  /  预估-校正算法  /  倍周期分岔

Based on the fact that inductance and capacitance are of fractional-order, the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a fractional-order Boost converter are studied. The predictor-corrector model of the Boost converter is established using the predictor-corrector algorithm of fractional-order calculus. On this basis, the bifurcation diagrams with the reference current, input voltage and orders of capacitance and inductance as bifurcation parameters are obtained. The period doubling bifurcation and chaotic behaviors of the fractional-order Boost converter are studied, and its nonlinear dynamic behavior is compared with that of an integer-order Boost converter at the same time. Results show that under certain operating conditions, some nonlinear phenomena such as bifurcation and chaos will appear in the fractional-order Boost converter with changes in some circuit parameters. Under the condition of the same circuit parameters, the parameter stability domains of integer-and fractional-order converters are different. Compared with that of the integer-order converter, the parameter stability region of the fractional-order converter is smaller, which more truly reflects the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the Boost converter.

Fractional-order  /  Boost converter  /  chaos  /  predictor-corrector algorithm  /  period doubling bifurcation
谢玲玲, 杨雨晴, 姚浚义, 秦龙. 基于预估-校正算法的分数阶 Boost 变换器倍周期分岔研究. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (2) : 10 -18 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.10
Lingling XIE, Yuqing YANG, Junyi YAO, Long QIN. Period Doubling Bifurcation of Fractional-order Boost Converter Based on Predictor-corrector Algorithm[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (2) : 10 -18 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.10
随着电力电子变换器在新能源发电中的广泛应用, 对其稳定性、可靠性等方面的要求也随之愈来愈高。DC-DC 变换器是一种强非线性时变系统, 在一定工作条件下会呈现出如分岔、混沌等丰富的非线性行为, 直接影响到变换器运行的稳定性和可靠性[1-3]
现有的研究表明, 整数阶的电感和电容在现实中是不存在的[4-5]。目前变换器大部分的非线性动力学研究成果主要是基于整数阶模型所得的[6-9],这与其分数阶事实不符。近年来, 针对分数阶变换器的相关研究已经引起了学者们的广泛关注, 然而大部分的研究主要侧重于分数阶变换器的建模分析, 对其非线性动力学特性的研究较少[10-19]。文献[10-13] 采用分数阶微积分的 Caputo 定义下的状态空间平均法对 DC-DC 变换器进行了分数阶建模分析; 文献[14-15]则采用了更符合变换器实际运行情况的$\mathrm{R}- \mathrm{L}$ 定义,但状态空间平均法着重考虑的是系统的低频特性, 对于混沌特性研究的适用性较低; 文献[16]采用改进的 Oustaloup 滤波器的分数阶微积分算法建立了电感电流连续模式 CCM(continuous current mode) 电压控制型 Buck 变换器的分数阶电路仿真模型并研究了其混沌行为, 但作为一种频域近似法, 改进的 Oustaloup 滤波器法所得的解与实际值存在一定误差, 比起非线性分析更适合用于仿真验证; 文献[17-18]采用谐波平衡原理下的等效小参量法对 DC-DC 变换器进行了分数阶建模, 并求得其近似稳态解析解, 分析了变换器的稳态性能, 但并未进一步研究电路参数对非线性动力学特性的影响;文献[19]采用 Adomian 分解方法推导了 Buck-Boost 变换器分数阶模型的离散解, 研究了系统的非线性动力学特性和混沌控制方法。
建立有效准确的 DC-DC 变换器分数阶模型, 并基于分数阶模型进一步探索变换器的非线性动力学特性及其产生机理,对变换器的分析与设计均具有十分重要的理论和实际意义[20-21]。Boost 变换器结构简单, 在光伏发电系统的最大功率点跟踪电路中广泛使用[22]。针对分数阶 Boost 变换器,预估-校正算法是分数阶微积分时域近似的一种数值算法, 对比其他建模方法, 具有建模精准、与信号频率无关等优点, 能够直接求解出分数阶变换器电感电流、电容电压的准确值, 是研究变换器的非线性动力学行为强有效的工具。鉴于此, 以分数阶 Boost 变换器为研究对象, 基于分数阶微分方程的预估- 校正算法建立 CCM Boost 变换器的分数阶预估-校正模型, 在此模型的基础上绘制变换器的分岔图和$V - I$ 相图,深入分析系统随参考电流、输入电压、电容电感阶数为分岔参数变化时的倍周期分岔和混沌行为, 确定其稳定运行的参数范围, 并对比整数阶变换器的非线性动力学特性, 验证基于分数阶模型的 Boost 变换器非线性动力学研究的准确性。
分数阶微积分的预估-校正算法 ABM(Adams-Bashforth-Moulton) 算法由 K. Diethelm 等学者于 2002 年提出, 该算法将一阶微分方程的经典一步式$\mathrm{{ABM}}$ 算法推广应用到了分数阶领域,是分数阶领域中求解分数阶微积分的一种时域近似法, 直接对任意阶次的微分方程进行离散化求解数值解, 并进行数值解的稳定分析。分数阶预估-校正算法的计算过程如下[23-24]
对于任意具有初值的分数阶微分方程可表示为
$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{D}_{* }^{q}y\left( x\right)= f\left({x, y\left( x\right)}\right)\\{y}^{\left( k\right)}\left( 0\right)= {y}_{0}^{\left( k\right)} \end{array}\;k = 0,1,\cdots, m - 1}\right.$
式中:${D}_{* }^{q}$ 为 Caputo 定义下的$q$ 阶微分算子,$m =\left\lbrack q\right\rbrack$;${y}_{0}^{\left( k\right)}$ 为已知初值,该微分方程可等价于 Volterra 积分方程
$ y\left( x\right)= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{k = 0}}^{{\left\lbrack q\right\rbrack - 1}}{y}_{0}^{\left( k\right)}\frac{{x}^{k}}{k!}+ \frac{1}{\Gamma \left( q\right)}{\int }_{0}^{x}{\left( x - t\right)}^{q - 1}f\left({t, y\left( t\right)}\right)\mathrm{d}t $
$h = T/N,\left\{{{t}_{n}= {nh}, n = 0,1,\cdots, N}\right\}, N$ 为整数,对于式 (2)右侧的积分分别采用分数阶的一步 Adams-Moulton 算法和 Adams-Bashforth 算法近似, 最终分数阶微分方程可被离散化为
${y}_{h}\left({t}_{n + 1}\right)= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{k = 0}}^{{\left\lbrack q\right\rbrack - 1}}\frac{{t}_{n + 1}^{k}}{k!}{y}_{0}^{\left( k\right)} +\frac{{h}^{q}}{\Gamma \left({q + 2}\right)}f\left({{t}_{n + 1},{y}_{h}^{p}\left({t}_{n + 1}\right)}\right)+ \\\frac{{h}^{q}}{\Gamma \left({q + 2}\right)}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{j = 0}}^{n}{a}_{j, n + 1}f\left({{t}_{j},{y}_{h}\left({t}_{j}\right)}\right)$
式 (3) 即分数阶微分方程的预估-校正模型,其中${a}_{j, n + 1}$ 为校正系数,其表达式为
${a}_{j, n + 1}= \left\{\begin{array}{ll}{n}^{q + 1}- \left({n - q}\right){\left( n + 1\right)}^{q}& j = 0 \\{\left( n - j + 2\right)}^{q}+ {\left( n - j\right)}^{q + 1}- 2{\left( n - j + 1\right)}^{q + 1}& 1 \leq j \leq n \\ 1 & j = n + 1 \end{array}\right.$
${y}_{h}^{\mathrm{p}}\left({{t}_{n}+ 1}\right)$ 为状态变量的初估近似值,其表达式为
${y}_{h}^{\mathrm{p}}\left({t}_{n + 1}\right)= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{k = 0}}^{{\left\lbrack q\right\rbrack - 1}}\frac{{t}_{n + 1}^{k}}{k!}{y}_{0}^{\left( k\right)} +\frac{1}{\Gamma \left( q\right)}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{j = 0}}^{n}{b}_{j, n + 1}f\left({{t}_{j},{y}_{h}\left({t}_{j}\right)}\right)$
式中,${b}_{j, n + 1}$ 为预估系数,其表达式为
${b}_{j, n + 1}= \frac{{h}^{q}}{q}\left\lbrack {{\left( n + 1 - j\right)}^{q}- {\left( n - j\right)}^{q}}\right\rbrack $
峰值电流控制的分数阶 Boost 变换器电路拓扑如图1 所示,主电路由分数阶电感${L}^{{q}_{1}}$ 、分数阶电容${C}^{{q}_{2}}$ 、开关$\mathrm{S}$ 、二极管$\mathrm{D}$ 、负载电阻$R$ 构成,其中电感阶数为${q}_{1}$,电容阶数为${q}_{2}$,且$0 <{q}_{1}\text{、}{q}_{2}< 1,{V}_{\text{in }}$ 为输入电压,${u}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 为输出电压,$\mathrm{S}$ 的开关周期为$T$,参考电流${I}_{\text{ref }}$ 为控制信号。
分数阶电感电压${u}_{\mathrm{L}}$ 、分数阶电容电流${i}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 的表达式分别为[25]
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{u}_{\mathrm{L}}= \frac{{\mathrm{d}}^{{q}_{1}}{i}_{\mathrm{L}}}{\mathrm{d}{t}^{{q}_{1}}}\\{i}_{\mathrm{C}}= \frac{{\mathrm{d}}^{{q}_{2}}{u}_{\mathrm{o}}}{\mathrm{d}{t}^{{q}_{2}}}\end{array}\right.$
Boost 变换器在 CCM 下具有 2 种工作模态:
(1)工作模态$1 :{i}_{\mathrm{L}}> {I}_{\text{ref }},\mathrm{S}$ 导通、$\mathrm{D}$ 截止,其状态方程为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{{\mathrm{d}}^{{q}_{1}}{i}_{\mathrm{L}}}{\mathrm{d}{t}^{{q}_{1}}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{L}\\\frac{{\mathrm{d}}^{{q}_{2}}{u}_{o}}{\mathrm{\;d}{t}^{{q}_{2}}}= -\frac{{u}_{o}}{RC}\end{array}\right.$
(2)工作模态$2 :{i}_{\mathrm{L}}< {I}_{\text{ref }},\mathrm{S}$ 关断、$\mathrm{D}$ 导通,其状态方程为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{{\mathrm{d}}^{{q}_{1}}{i}_{\mathrm{L}}}{\mathrm{d}{t}^{{q}_{1}}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{L}- \frac{{u}_{\mathrm{o}}}{L}\\\frac{{\mathrm{d}}^{{q}_{2}}{u}_{\mathrm{o}}}{\mathrm{d}{t}^{{q}_{2}}}= \frac{{i}_{\mathrm{L}}}{C}- \frac{{u}_{\mathrm{o}}}{RC}\end{array}\right.$
定义非线性开关函数$S\left( t\right), S\left( t\right)= 1$ 表示开关$\mathrm{S}$ 导通,$S\left( t\right)= 0$ 表示开关$\mathrm{S}$ 关断,则$S\left( t\right)$ 的表达式为
$ S\left( t\right)= \left\{\begin{array}{ll} 1 &{nT}< t <\left({n + d}\right) T \\ 0 &\left({n + d}\right) T < t <\left({n + 1}\right) T \end{array}\right.\\ d =\frac{{I}_{\text{ref }}- {i}_{\mathrm{L}}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}T}L $
由式 (8)~式 (10)得到一个周期内的 CCM Boost 分数阶数学模型, 其表达式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{{\mathrm{d}}^{{q}_{1}}{i}_{\mathrm{L}}}{\mathrm{d}{t}^{{q}_{1}}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{L}- \left({1 - S}\right)\frac{{u}_{\mathrm{o}}}{L}\\\frac{{\mathrm{d}}^{{q}_{2}}{u}_{\mathrm{o}}}{\mathrm{d}{t}^{{q}_{2}}}= \left({1 - S}\right)\frac{{i}_{\mathrm{L}}}{C}- \frac{{u}_{\mathrm{o}}}{RC}\end{array}\right.$
应用预估-校正算法对 CCM Boost 变换器进行离散建模,取步长$h = T/{N}_{0},\left\{{{t}_{n}= {nh}, n = 0,1,\cdots,{N}_{0}}\right\},{N}_{0}$ 为每个周期$T$ 内计算的点数。当$t ={t}_{n + 1}$ 时,令 Boost 变换器的电感电流${i}_{1h}\left({t}_{n + 1}\right)= {i}_{n + 1}$,电感电流的初估近似值${i}_{\mathrm{L}h}^{\mathrm{p}}\left({t}_{n + 1}\right)= {i}_{h + 1}^{\mathrm{p}}$,电容电压${u}_{\mathrm{o}h}\left({t}_{n + 1}\right)= {u}_{n + 1}$;电容电压的初估近似值${u}_{oh}^{\mathrm{p}}\left({t}_{n + 1}\right)= {u}_{n + 1}^{\mathrm{p}}$,得到 CCM Boost 变换器在开关周期$T$ 内的分数阶预估-校正模型,为
$\begin{cases}{i}_{n + 1}= &{i}_{0}+ \frac{{h}^{{q}_{1}}}{\Gamma \left({{q}_{1}+ 2}\right)}\left\lbrack {\frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{L}- \left({1 - S}\right)\frac{{u}_{n + 1}^{\mathrm{p}}}{L}}\right\rbrack +\\& \frac{{h}^{{q}_{1}}}{\Gamma \left({{q}_{1}+ 2}\right)}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 0}}^{n}{a}_{i, n + 1}^{{q}_{1}}\left\lbrack {\frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{L}- \left({1 - S}\right)\frac{{u}_{i}}{L}}\right\rbrack \\{u}_{n + 1}= &{u}_{0}+ \frac{{h}^{{q}_{1}}}{\Gamma \left({{q}_{2}+ 2}\right)}\left\lbrack {\left({1 - S}\right)\frac{{i}_{n + 1}^{\mathrm{p}}}{L}+ \frac{{u}_{n + 1}^{\mathrm{p}}}{RC}}\right\rbrack +\\& \frac{{h}^{{q}_{2}}}{\Gamma \left({{q}_{2}+ 2}\right)}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 0}}^{n}{a}_{i, n + 1}^{{q}_{2}}\left\lbrack {\left({1 - S}\right)\frac{{i}_{i}}{L}+ \frac{{u}_{i}}{L}}\right\rbrack \end{cases}$
式中:${i}_{0}\text{、}{u}_{0}$ 分别为电感电流和电容电压的初始值;${a}_{i, n + 1}^{{q}_{1}}$ 为电感电流校正系数;${a}_{i, n + 1}^{{q}_{2}}$ 为电容电压校正系数;${i}_{n + 1}^{\mathrm{p}}$ 为电感电流初估近似值;${u}_{n + 1}^{\mathrm{p}}$ 为电容电压初估近似值。
${a}_{i, n + 1}^{{q}_{1}}= \left\{\begin{array}{ll}{n}^{{q}_{1}+ 1}- \left({n -{q}_{1}}\right){\left( n + 1\right)}^{{q}_{1}}& i = 0 \\{\left( n - i + 2\right)}^{{q}_{1}}+ {\left( n - i\right)}^{{q}_{1}+ 1}- 2{\left( n - i + 1\right)}^{{q}_{1}+ 1}& 1 \leq i \leq n \\ 1 & i = n + 1 \end{array}\right.$
${a}_{i, n + 1}^{{q}_{2}}= \left\{\begin{array}{ll}{n}^{{q}_{2}+ 1}- \left({n -{q}_{2}}\right){\left( n + 1\right)}^{{q}_{2}}& i = 0 \\{\left( n - i + 2\right)}^{{q}_{2}}+ {\left( n - i\right)}^{{q}_{2}+ 1}- 2{\left( n - i + 1\right)}^{{q}_{2}}{}^{+1}& 1 \leq i \leq n \\ 1 & i = n + 1 \end{array}\right.$
${i}_{n + 1}^{\mathrm{p}}= {i}_{0}+ \frac{1}{\Gamma \left({q}_{1}\right)}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 0}}^{n}{b}_{i, n + 1}^{{q}_{1}}\left\lbrack {\frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{L}- \left({1 - S}\right)\frac{{u}_{\mathrm{i}}}{L}}\right\rbrack $
${u}_{n + 1}^{\mathrm{p}}= {u}_{0}+ \frac{1}{\Gamma \left({q}_{2}\right)}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 0}}^{n}{b}_{i, n + 1}^{{q}_{2}}\left\lbrack {\left({1 - S}\right)\frac{{i}_{\mathrm{i}}}{C}+ \frac{{u}_{\mathrm{i}}}{RC}}\right\rbrack $
Boost 变换器的参数为[26] : 负载电阻$R ={20\Omega }$, 电感$L = 1\mathrm{{mH}}$,电容$C ={12\mu }\mathrm{F}$,开关周期$T ={0.1}\mathrm{{ms}}$, 输入电压${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {10}\mathrm{\;V}$,电感和电容的阶数为${q}_{1}= {q}_{2}=$ 0.9,选取参考电流${I}_{\text{ref }}$ 为分岔参数,其变化范围 1.0~4.5 A,分数阶、整数阶变换器的分岔图分别如图2图3 所示。
图2 可知,${I}_{\text{ref }}$ 变化时,分数阶 Boost 变换器系统的稳定参数区域为$0 <{I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}< {1.58}\mathrm{\;A}$。当${I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}< {1.58}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时, 状态变量只有一个稳定解, 系统运行于稳定的周期 1 状态; 当${I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}= {1.58}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时,系统开始出现第一次倍周期分岔,进入到周期 2 运行状态; 当${I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}=$ ${2.84}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时,系统进入到周期 4 运行状态; 当${I}_{\text{ref }}=$ ${3.32}\mathrm{\;A}$ 并继续增大时,系统进入到混沌状态。
对比分数阶系统, 由图3 可知, 整数阶 Boost 变换器系统的稳定参数区域为$0 <{I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}< {1.69}{\mathrm{\;A}}_{\circ }$${I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}<$ ${1.69}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时,系统运行于稳定的周期 1 状态; 当${I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}=$ ${1.69}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时,系统进入到周期 2 运行状态; 当${I}_{\text{ref }}=$ ${2.39}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时,进入到周期 4 运行状态;当${I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}= {2.65}\mathrm{\;A}$ 并继续增大时,系统进入到混沌运行状态。
图4 仿真了分数阶 Boost 变换器在不同参考电流${I}_{\text{ref }}$ 取值下的$V - I$ 相图,可以观察到相图轨迹的构成由有限封闭曲线变化到随机分布的、不可预测的曲线, 可见系统由周期 1、周期 2、周期 4 过渡到混沌状态, 这与分岔图的分析结果表现相同。 分数阶、整数阶 Boost 变换器的参考电流取值范围对比如表1 所示。由表1 可知, 在相同电路参数条件下,分数阶 Boost 变换器发生分岔现象的${I}_{\text{ref }}$ 稳定取值范围更小,在${I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}= {1.58}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时就已经发生了倍周期分岔,在${I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}= {3.32}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时进入到混沌运行状态, 而整数阶 Boost 变换器在${I}_{\text{ref }}= {1.58}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时仍处于稳定的周期 1 运行状态,在${I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}= {2.65}\mathrm{\;A}$ 就进入混沌运行状态。
令参考电流${I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}= 2\mathrm{\;A}$,其他参数保持不变,选取输入电压${I}_{\text{ref }}$ 为分岔参数,其变化范围为$8 \sim {22}\mathrm{\;V}$,图5图6 分别为分数阶、整数阶变换器的分岔图。
图5 可知,${V}_{\text{in }}$ 变化时,分数阶 Boost 变换器系统的稳定参数区域为: 当${V}_{\text{in }}> {18.25}\mathrm{\;V}$ 时,系统运行于稳定运行状态; 当${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {18.25}\mathrm{\;V}$ 时,系统出现第一次倍周期分岔,进入到周期 2 运行状态; 当${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}=$ ${10.65}\mathrm{\;V}$ 时,系统进入到周期 4 运行状态; 当${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}<$ ${9.05}\mathrm{\;V}$ 并继续减小时,系统进入混沌状态。
图6 可知, 整数阶 Boost 变换器系统的稳定参数区域为: 当${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}> {17.86}\mathrm{\;V}$,此时系统运行于稳定的周期 1 状态; 当${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {17.86}\mathrm{\;V}$ 时,系统出现第一次倍周期分岔,进入到周期 2 运行状态;当${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {12.62}\mathrm{\;V}$ 时,系统进入到周期 4 运行状态; 当${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {11.46}\mathrm{\;V}$ 并继续减小时,系统进入混沌状态。
图7 为分数阶 Boost 变换器在不同输入电压${V}_{\text{in }}$ 取值下周期 1、周期 2、周期 4 和混沌状态下的$V - I$ 相图,可见与分岔图的分析结果表现相同。分数阶与整数阶 Boost 变换器的输入电压取值范围对比如表2 所示。
表2 可知, 在相同电路参数条件下, 分数阶 Boost 变换器在${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {18.25}\mathrm{\;V}$ 时就已经发生了倍周期分岔, 而整数阶 Boost 变换器仍处于稳定的周期 1 运行状态。
令参考电流${I}_{\mathrm{{ref}}}= 3\mathrm{\;A}$,输入电压${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {10}\mathrm{\;V}$,其他参数不变,选取电感电容分数阶阶数${q}_{1}\text{、}{q}_{2}$ 为分岔参数,其变化范围为 0.80~1.00。图8 为分数阶变换器随电感电容阶数${q}_{1}\text{、}{q}_{2}$ 变化的分岔图,可见分数阶 Boost 变换器系统的稳定参数区域为:$0 <{q}_{1}= {q}_{2}<$ 0.836, 此时状态变量只有一个稳定解, 系统运行于周期 1 状态;${q}_{1}= {q}_{2}= {0.836}$ 时,系统出现第一次倍周期分岔,进入到周期 2 运行状态;${q}_{1}= {q}_{2}= {0.890}$ 时,系统再次发生倍周期分岔, 进入到周期 4 运行状态;${q}_{1}= {q}_{2}= {0.912}$ 并继续增大时,系统进入混沌状态。图9 为分数阶 Boost 变换器在电感电容阶数${q}_{1}$${q}_{2}$ 取值下周期 1 、周期 2 、周期 4 以及混沌状态下的$V - I$ 相图, 得到了与分岔图相同的分析结果。
本文基于分数阶微积分的预估-校正算法, 建立了分数阶 CCM Boost 变换器的预估-校正模型, 对其非线性行为进行了深入研究, 利用分岔图和相图详细分析了随着参考电流、输入电压以及电感电容分数阶阶数的变化, 系统由稳定状态经倍周期分岔趋向混沌状态的过程, 并与整数阶变换器进行了对比。研究结果表明, 在一定的工作条件下, 某些电路参数, 如参考电流、输入电压和分数阶电感电容阶数, 在一定范围内变化时, 会使峰值电流控制的分数阶 Boost 变换器出现倍周期分岔现象, 对其非线性动力学特性产生影响。随着分数阶电感、电容阶数${q}_{1}\text{、}{q}_{2}$ 的逐渐增大,变换器系统由周期 1 转变成周期 2、周期 4 运行状态,最终会进入到混沌运行状态。与整数阶 Boost 变换器相比,分数阶变换器的参考电流、输入电压稳定参数区间范围较小, 且倍周期分岔行为的周期点也有所不同。基于电感和电容本质是分数阶的事实, 采用分数阶模型对变换器进行非线性动力学分析, 能更真实地反映变换器的动力学行为。本文的研究方法可以推广应用于其他分数阶 DC-DC 变换器的非线性动力学特性研究中, 为变换器的设计与应用提供了理论指导。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(61863003)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(61561007)
  • 广西自然科学基金资助项目(2019GXNSFAA245019)
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2024年第22卷第2期
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.2.10
  • 接收时间:2021-11-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-25
  • 修回日期:2022-01-19
  • 录用日期:2022-03-02
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(61863003)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61863003)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(61561007)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61561007)
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Program(2019GXNSFAA245019)
广西自然科学基金资助项目(2019GXNSFAA245019)
作者信息
    广西大学 电气工程学院 南宁 530004
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