Article(id=1154040956358742660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154040955071095059, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.1.11, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1626624000000, receivedDateStr=2021-07-19, revisedDate=1630252800000, revisedDateStr=2021-08-30, acceptedDate=1632672000000, acceptedDateStr=2021-09-27, onlineDate=1753074405039, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1706544000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753074405039, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753074405039, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753074405039, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154040955071095059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, year='2024', volume='22', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='235', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753074404733, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753781011721, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157004679654760494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154040955071095059, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157004679654760495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, issueId=1154040955071095059, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=11, endPage=21, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154040956857864838, articleId=1154040956358742660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, language=EN, title=Analysis of Operation Modes and Output Ripple Voltage of Super-Boost Converter, columnId=1152281491305755501, journalTitle=Journal of Power Supply, columnName=DC-DC Converters, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A Super-Boost converter can greatly reduce the mass and volume of power supply and improve the corresponding power density by replacing the traditional charging and discharging module, so it has a broad application prospect in space power system. However, due to the existence of multiple power components and the reverse flow characteristics of inductance current, its power supply mode and output ripple voltage are more complex than those of the traditional Boost converter. To provide a theoretical guidance for the analysis and design of the Super-Boost converter, its power supply mode and output ripple voltage are studied. It is found that there exists continuous conduction mode, pseudo continuous conduction mode and pseudo discontinuous conduction mode in both inductor L₁ and L2. The analytical mathematical models of critical inductance and output ripple voltage in each operation mode are established, the relationship between peak current and inductance is discussed, and the minimum capacitance and minimum inductance that meet the design requirements are obtained. On this basis, a design method for the converter parameters is given, and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.

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Super-Boost 变换器代替传统的充、放电模块可大大减小电源的质量和体积,提高其功率密度,因此在空间电力系统中具有广阔的应用前景。但由于Super-Boost 变换器有多个功率元件,且存在电感电流反向流动特性,导致其供能模式及输出纹波电压较传统 Boost 变换器复杂。为了给Super-Boost 变换器的分析和设计提供正确的理论指导,对Super-Boost 变换器供能模式及输出纹波电压进行了深入研究。研究发现, 电感 L₁ 和 L₂ 均存在连续导电模式、伪连续导电模式和伪断续导电模式等工作模式,建立各工作模式的临界电感和输出纹波电压解析数学模型,探讨峰值电流与电感间的关系,得到了满足设计要求的最小电容和最小电感,据此给出了变换器参数设计方法,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。

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皇金锋(1978-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,通信作者,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子变换器控制技术。E-mail: jfhuang2000@163.com。

韩梦祺(1994-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:开关变换器的分析与设计。E-mail: mqhan411@163.com。

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皇金锋(1978-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,通信作者,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子变换器控制技术。E-mail: jfhuang2000@163.com。

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皇金锋(1978-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,通信作者,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子变换器控制技术。E-mail: jfhuang2000@163.com。

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韩梦祺(1994-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:开关变换器的分析与设计。E-mail: mqhan411@163.com。

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韩梦祺(1994-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:开关变换器的分析与设计。E-mail: mqhan411@163.com。

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High Voltage Engineering, 2016. 42(10): 3051-3058 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Sliding mode control in the super-Boost circuit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154041021546614882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=23, issue=4, pageStart=1813, pageEnd=1821, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Liu Shulin, Liu Jian, Mao Hong, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Shulin, Liu Jian, Mao Hong, et al. Analysis of operat-ing modes and output voltage ripple of Boost DC-DC con-verters and its design considerations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2008. 23(4): 1813-1821., articleTitle=Analysis of operat-ing modes and output voltage ripple of Boost DC-DC con-verters and its design considerations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154041021605335139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=12, pageStart=2585, pageEnd=2595, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=17, authorNames=谢锋, 皇金锋, journalName=电工技术学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢锋, 皇金锋. 单电感双输出 Buck 变换器的供能模式及输出纹波电压分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020. 35(12): 2585-2595., articleTitle=单电感双输出 Buck 变换器的供能模式及输出纹波电压分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154041021655666788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=12, pageStart=2585, pageEnd=2595, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Xie Feng, Huang Jinfeng, journalName=Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie Feng, Huang Jinfeng. 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Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020. 35(12): 2585-2595 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Supply modes and output ripple voltage of single-inductor dual-output Buck converter, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154041021705998437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=16, issue=6, pageStart=44, pageEnd=49, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=19, authorNames=杨平, 许建平, 张士宇, journalName=电机与控制学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨平, 许建平, 张士宇, 等. 二次型 CCM Boost 变换器能量传输模式[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2012. 16(6): 44-49., articleTitle=二次型 CCM Boost 变换器能量传输模式, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154041021760524390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=16, issue=6, pageStart=44, pageEnd=49, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Yang Ping, Xu Jianping, Zhang Shiyu, journalName=Elec-tric Machines and Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Ping, Xu Jianping, Zhang Shiyu, et al. 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articleId=1154040956358742660, language=CN, label=图2, caption=工作模态等效电路, figureFileSmall=A2XMp+88dsRs/VHjpNCWrg==, figureFileBig=f2n9zxNxmvcstEV0AYdzEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154041018807734303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Waveforms of inductance current and capacitance voltage, figureFileSmall=hEPQ8vzQn3Y6YlQoQmwmXg==, figureFileBig=/YrFIyqci9rxuthcrAhFYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154041018874843168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=CN, label=图3, caption=电感电流与电容电压波形, figureFileSmall=hEPQ8vzQn3Y6YlQoQmwmXg==, figureFileBig=/YrFIyqci9rxuthcrAhFYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154041018933563425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Relationship between power supply mode and inductance, figureFileSmall=B/K5fFwsfFaEmfVw5c0w+A==, figureFileBig=CZgV/HI8PjMWgok+UFm+NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154041019000672291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=CN, label=图4, caption=供能模式与电感之间的关系, figureFileSmall=B/K5fFwsfFaEmfVw5c0w+A==, figureFileBig=CZgV/HI8PjMWgok+UFm+NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154041019076169766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Relationship among output ripple voltage, ${L}_{2}$ and load, figureFileSmall=PgjI+feRn0n+D2nb1hiwhg==, figureFileBig=3f5Ak1ktN3OmuGeUiQt8sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154041019222970408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=CN, label=图5, caption=输出纹波电压与 ${L}_{2}$ 和负载间的关系, figureFileSmall=PgjI+feRn0n+D2nb1hiwhg==, figureFileBig=3f5Ak1ktN3OmuGeUiQt8sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154041019298467882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Experimental waveforms of inductance current and capacitance voltage, figureFileSmall=BtwzJvfcX1rhhrwPy63bkQ==, figureFileBig=U/J1WmRKFl6iAHHTDsBIJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154041019478822955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=CN, label=图6, caption=电感电流和电容电压实验波形, figureFileSmall=BtwzJvfcX1rhhrwPy63bkQ==, figureFileBig=U/J1WmRKFl6iAHHTDsBIJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154041019533348909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Experimental waveforms with different parameters, figureFileSmall=pyvfHpLAjgYAibzRWyIeKg==, figureFileBig=TvRY2+5GP23UDEzEg04lMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154041019600457775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同参数的实验波形, figureFileSmall=pyvfHpLAjgYAibzRWyIeKg==, figureFileBig=TvRY2+5GP23UDEzEg04lMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154041019671760945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=Steady-state relationship of converter, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工作模态 电感电流极值 电压增益 占空比关系
CCM-CCM ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{P}}_{1}}= \frac{D{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}}{\left({1 - D}\right) R}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{V}}_{1}}= \frac{D{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}}{\left({1 - D}\right) R}- \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{1}}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}}{R}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{2}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{\;V}}_{1}}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}}{R}- \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{2}f}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{1 - D}$ $D$
CCM-PDCM1 ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{P}}_{1}}= \frac{D{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}}{\left({1 - D}\right) R}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{V}}_{1}}= \frac{D{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}}{\left({1 - D}\right) R}- \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}\left({D -{D}_{1}}\right)}{{L}_{2}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{\;N}}_{2}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{1}}{{L}_{2}f}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{1 - D}$ ${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}= {D}_{1};{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{3}= D -{D}_{1};{t}_{5}\sim {t}_{6}= {D}_{2};{t}_{3}\sim {t}_{5}= 1 - D -{D}_{2}$ ${D}_{1}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- {V}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\text{in }}}{D}_{2};$ ${D}_{2}= \frac{\left({1 - D}\right){V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- \left({1 -{D}_{1}}\right){V}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- {V}_{\text{in }}}$
PCCM-PDCM2 ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{v}}_{2}}= {I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{3}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{3}}{{L}_{2}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}{D}_{3}}{{L}_{2}f}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{3}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}\left({D -{D}_{3}}\right)}{{L}_{2}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{\;N}}_{3}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{3}}{{L}_{2}f}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{o}2}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}\left({1 -{D}_{5}}\right)}{1 - D -{D}_{5}}$ ${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}= {D}_{3};{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{3}= D -{D}_{3};{t}_{5}\sim {t}_{6}= {D}_{4};{t}_{6}\sim {t}_{7}= {D}_{5};{t}_{3}\sim {t}_{5}= 1 - D -{D}_{4}- {D}_{5}$ ${D}_{3}= \frac{\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right){D}_{4}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}};$ ${D}_{4}= \frac{\left({1 - D -{D}_{5}}\right){V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- \left({1 -{D}_{5}}\right){V}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- 2{V}_{\text{in }}}$ ${D}_{5}= \frac{\left\lbrack {\left({D - 2{D}_{3}}\right){D}_{5}- 2\left({1 - D}\right)\left({D -{D}_{3}}\right)}\right\rbrack {L}_{2}{V}_{o2}f}{\left({D -{D}_{3}}\right)\left({D +{D}_{5}- 1}\right) R{V}_{\text{in }}- D{L}_{2}{V}_{o2}f}$
PDCM1-CCM ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{P}}_{3}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}\left({D -{D}_{6}}\right)}{{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{\;N}}_{3}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{6}}{{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{1}}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}}{R}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{2}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{\;V}}_{1}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{ol }}}{R}- \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}D}{2{L}_{2}f}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{1 - D}$ ${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}= {D}_{6};{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{3}= D -{D}_{6};{t}_{5}\sim {t}_{6}= {D}_{7};{t}_{3}\sim {t}_{5}= 1 - D -{D}_{7}$ ${D}_{6}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- {V}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\text{in }}}{D}_{7};$ ${D}_{7}= \frac{\left({1 - D}\right){V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- \left({1 -{D}_{6}}\right){V}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- {V}_{\text{in }}}$
PDCM2-PCCM ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{P}}_{4}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}\left({D -{D}_{8}}\right)}{{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{\;N}}_{4}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{8}}{{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{\;V}}_{4}}= {I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{\;N}}_{4}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{8}}{{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{4}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{8}}{{L}_{1}f}+ \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}D}{{L}_{2}f}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{o}3}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}\left({1 -{D}_{10}}\right)}{1 - D -{D}_{10}}$ ${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}= {D}_{8};{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{3}= D -{D}_{8};{t}_{5}\sim {t}_{6}= {D}_{9};{t}_{6}\sim {t}_{7}= {D}_{10};{t}_{3}\sim {t}_{5}= 1 - D -{D}_{9}- {D}_{10}$ ${D}_{8}= \frac{\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}3}- {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right){D}_{9}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}};$ ${D}_{9}= \frac{\left({1 - D -{D}_{10}}\right){V}_{\mathrm{o}3}- \left({1 -{D}_{8}- {D}_{10}}\right){V}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\mathrm{o}3}- {V}_{\text{in }}};$ ${D}_{10}= \left({1 - D -{D}_{9}}\right)- \frac{{D}_{10}\left({D +{D}_{10}- 1}\right)\left({D -{D}_{8}}\right) R{V}_{\text{in }}}{{2Df}{L}_{1}{V}_{\mathrm{o}3}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154041019734675507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=CN, label=表1, caption=变换器稳态关系, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工作模态 电感电流极值 电压增益 占空比关系
CCM-CCM ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{P}}_{1}}= \frac{D{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}}{\left({1 - D}\right) R}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{V}}_{1}}= \frac{D{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}}{\left({1 - D}\right) R}- \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{1}}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}}{R}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{2}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{\;V}}_{1}}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}}{R}- \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{2}f}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{1 - D}$ $D$
CCM-PDCM1 ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{P}}_{1}}= \frac{D{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}}{\left({1 - D}\right) R}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{V}}_{1}}= \frac{D{V}_{\mathrm{o}1}}{\left({1 - D}\right) R}- \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}\left({D -{D}_{1}}\right)}{{L}_{2}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{\;N}}_{2}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{1}}{{L}_{2}f}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{1 - D}$ ${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}= {D}_{1};{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{3}= D -{D}_{1};{t}_{5}\sim {t}_{6}= {D}_{2};{t}_{3}\sim {t}_{5}= 1 - D -{D}_{2}$ ${D}_{1}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- {V}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\text{in }}}{D}_{2};$ ${D}_{2}= \frac{\left({1 - D}\right){V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- \left({1 -{D}_{1}}\right){V}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- {V}_{\text{in }}}$
PCCM-PDCM2 ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{v}}_{2}}= {I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{3}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{3}}{{L}_{2}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}{D}_{3}}{{L}_{2}f}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{3}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}\left({D -{D}_{3}}\right)}{{L}_{2}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{\;N}}_{3}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{3}}{{L}_{2}f}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{o}2}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}\left({1 -{D}_{5}}\right)}{1 - D -{D}_{5}}$ ${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}= {D}_{3};{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{3}= D -{D}_{3};{t}_{5}\sim {t}_{6}= {D}_{4};{t}_{6}\sim {t}_{7}= {D}_{5};{t}_{3}\sim {t}_{5}= 1 - D -{D}_{4}- {D}_{5}$ ${D}_{3}= \frac{\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right){D}_{4}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}};$ ${D}_{4}= \frac{\left({1 - D -{D}_{5}}\right){V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- \left({1 -{D}_{5}}\right){V}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- 2{V}_{\text{in }}}$ ${D}_{5}= \frac{\left\lbrack {\left({D - 2{D}_{3}}\right){D}_{5}- 2\left({1 - D}\right)\left({D -{D}_{3}}\right)}\right\rbrack {L}_{2}{V}_{o2}f}{\left({D -{D}_{3}}\right)\left({D +{D}_{5}- 1}\right) R{V}_{\text{in }}- D{L}_{2}{V}_{o2}f}$
PDCM1-CCM ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{P}}_{3}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}\left({D -{D}_{6}}\right)}{{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{\;N}}_{3}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{6}}{{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{1}}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}}{R}+ \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{2{L}_{2}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{\;V}}_{1}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{ol }}}{R}- \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}D}{2{L}_{2}f}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}}{1 - D}$ ${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}= {D}_{6};{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{3}= D -{D}_{6};{t}_{5}\sim {t}_{6}= {D}_{7};{t}_{3}\sim {t}_{5}= 1 - D -{D}_{7}$ ${D}_{6}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- {V}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\text{in }}}{D}_{7};$ ${D}_{7}= \frac{\left({1 - D}\right){V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- \left({1 -{D}_{6}}\right){V}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- {V}_{\text{in }}}$
PDCM2-PCCM ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{P}}_{4}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}\left({D -{D}_{8}}\right)}{{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{\;N}}_{4}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{8}}{{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{\;V}}_{4}}= {I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{\;N}}_{4}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{8}}{{L}_{1}f};$ ${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{4}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}{D}_{8}}{{L}_{1}f}+ \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}D}{{L}_{2}f}$ ${V}_{\mathrm{o}3}= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}\left({1 -{D}_{10}}\right)}{1 - D -{D}_{10}}$ ${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}= {D}_{8};{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{3}= D -{D}_{8};{t}_{5}\sim {t}_{6}= {D}_{9};{t}_{6}\sim {t}_{7}= {D}_{10};{t}_{3}\sim {t}_{5}= 1 - D -{D}_{9}- {D}_{10}$ ${D}_{8}= \frac{\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}3}- {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right){D}_{9}}{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}};$ ${D}_{9}= \frac{\left({1 - D -{D}_{10}}\right){V}_{\mathrm{o}3}- \left({1 -{D}_{8}- {D}_{10}}\right){V}_{\text{in }}}{{V}_{\mathrm{o}3}- {V}_{\text{in }}};$ ${D}_{10}= \left({1 - D -{D}_{9}}\right)- \frac{{D}_{10}\left({D +{D}_{10}- 1}\right)\left({D -{D}_{8}}\right) R{V}_{\text{in }}}{{2Df}{L}_{1}{V}_{\mathrm{o}3}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154041019810172981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=Comparison of characteristics between two kinds of converter, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变换器 纹波电压种类 CCM 纹波电压 工作模式种类 输出侧电感电流
Boost 3 种 $\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{o}}- {V}_{\text{in }}}{R{C}_{\mathrm{o}}f}$ 3 种 断续
Super- Boost 4 种 $\frac{{V}_{\text{in }}\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}}- {V}_{\text{in }}}\right)}{8{V}_{\mathrm{o}}{L}_{2}{C}_{\mathrm{o}}{f}^{2}}$ 5 种 连续
), ArticleFig(id=1154041019877281849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=CN, label=表2, caption=两种变换器特征对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变换器 纹波电压种类 CCM 纹波电压 工作模式种类 输出侧电感电流
Boost 3 种 $\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{o}}- {V}_{\text{in }}}{R{C}_{\mathrm{o}}f}$ 3 种 断续
Super- Boost 4 种 $\frac{{V}_{\text{in }}\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}}- {V}_{\text{in }}}\right)}{8{V}_{\mathrm{o}}{L}_{2}{C}_{\mathrm{o}}{f}^{2}}$ 5 种 连续
), ArticleFig(id=1154041019940196411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=Power supply mode and output ripple voltage, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
供能模式 电感 ${V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}}/\mathrm{{mV}}$
${L}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ ${L}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 理论 仿真 实验
CCM-PDCM1 220 160 123 124 146
PCCM-PDCM2 220 100 208 209 238
PDCM1-CCM 160 220 89 89 109
PDCM2-PCCM 100 220 96 94 121
CCM-CCM 220 220 89 89 108
220 470 42 42 53
220 960 20 20 32
470 220 89 89 107
470 470 42 42 55
470 960 20 20 34
), ArticleFig(id=1154041020011499582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031654075715584, articleId=1154040956358742660, language=CN, label=表3, caption=供能模式与输出纹波电压, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
供能模式 电感 ${V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}}/\mathrm{{mV}}$
${L}_{1}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ ${L}_{2}/\mu \mathrm{H}$ 理论 仿真 实验
CCM-PDCM1 220 160 123 124 146
PCCM-PDCM2 220 100 208 209 238
PDCM1-CCM 160 220 89 89 109
PDCM2-PCCM 100 220 96 94 121
CCM-CCM 220 220 89 89 108
220 470 42 42 53
220 960 20 20 32
470 220 89 89 107
470 470 42 42 55
470 960 20 20 34
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Super-Boost 变换器的工作模式及输出纹波电压分析
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皇金锋 , 韩梦祺
电源学报 | DC-DC 变换器 2024,22(1): 11-21
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电源学报 | DC-DC 变换器 2024, 22(1): 11-21
Super-Boost 变换器的工作模式及输出纹波电压分析
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皇金锋 , 韩梦祺
作者信息
  • 陕西理工大学 电气工程学院 汉中 723001
  • 皇金锋(1978-),男,中国电源学会高级会员,通信作者,博士,教授。研究方向:电力电子变换器控制技术。E-mail: jfhuang2000@163.com。

    韩梦祺(1994-),男,硕士研究生。研究方向:开关变换器的分析与设计。E-mail: mqhan411@163.com。

Analysis of Operation Modes and Output Ripple Voltage of Super-Boost Converter
Jinfeng HUANG , Mengqi HAN
Affiliations
  • School of Electrical Engineering Shaanxi University of Technology Hanzhong 723001 China
出版时间: 2024-01-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.1.11
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Super-Boost 变换器代替传统的充、放电模块可大大减小电源的质量和体积,提高其功率密度,因此在空间电力系统中具有广阔的应用前景。但由于Super-Boost 变换器有多个功率元件,且存在电感电流反向流动特性,导致其供能模式及输出纹波电压较传统 Boost 变换器复杂。为了给Super-Boost 变换器的分析和设计提供正确的理论指导,对Super-Boost 变换器供能模式及输出纹波电压进行了深入研究。研究发现, 电感 L₁ 和 L₂ 均存在连续导电模式、伪连续导电模式和伪断续导电模式等工作模式,建立各工作模式的临界电感和输出纹波电压解析数学模型,探讨峰值电流与电感间的关系,得到了满足设计要求的最小电容和最小电感,据此给出了变换器参数设计方法,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。

Super-Boost 变换器  /  工作模式  /  临界电感  /  输出纹波电压  /  参数设计

A Super-Boost converter can greatly reduce the mass and volume of power supply and improve the corresponding power density by replacing the traditional charging and discharging module, so it has a broad application prospect in space power system. However, due to the existence of multiple power components and the reverse flow characteristics of inductance current, its power supply mode and output ripple voltage are more complex than those of the traditional Boost converter. To provide a theoretical guidance for the analysis and design of the Super-Boost converter, its power supply mode and output ripple voltage are studied. It is found that there exists continuous conduction mode, pseudo continuous conduction mode and pseudo discontinuous conduction mode in both inductor L₁ and L2. The analytical mathematical models of critical inductance and output ripple voltage in each operation mode are established, the relationship between peak current and inductance is discussed, and the minimum capacitance and minimum inductance that meet the design requirements are obtained. On this basis, a design method for the converter parameters is given, and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.

Super-Boost converter  /  operation mode  /  critical inductance  /  output ripple voltage  /  parameter design
皇金锋, 韩梦祺. Super-Boost 变换器的工作模式及输出纹波电压分析. 电源学报, 2024 , 22 (1) : 11 -21 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.1.11
Jinfeng HUANG, Mengqi HAN. Analysis of Operation Modes and Output Ripple Voltage of Super-Boost Converter[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024 , 22 (1) : 11 -21 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.1.11
将 Super-Boost 变换器代替传统的充、放电模块可大大减少空间电源的质量和体积, 提高其功率密度[1-3]。Super-Boost 变换器不仅能够升压,而且可以实现电感电流的双向流动, 因此在空间电力系统中具有广阔的应用前景[4-6]
随着航天技术的不断发展, Super-Boost 变换器作为空间电源越来越受到专家学者的关注[7-12]。文献[7]在传统的 Super-Boost 电路上引入阻尼网络, 消除传递函数中右半平面零点, 改善变换器稳定性, 并通过设计电压电流双闭环控制回路, 满足放电调节电路宽输入范围和高动态响应的要求, 提高变换器效率; 文献[8]提出一种建模方法, 对 Super-Boost 变换器进行设计, 采用峰值电流模式控制, 降低了系统的谐振特性, 提高了变换器对输入滤波器不稳定性的灵敏度; 文献[9]提出一种带纹波抵消单元的双向 Super-Boost 变换器, 并对电感进行耦合, 提高了变换器效率和功率密度, 减小了电感电流纹波;文献[11]提出一种双输入 Super-Boost 变换器, 该变换器通过在 6 种不同模式下工作, 最大限度提升太阳能的转化效率,同时,它具有调速范围广的优点, 通过减少每种模式下的导通器件数量, 提高变换器的工作效率;文献[12]提出一种改进的基于 PWM 调制的滑模控制方法, 提升了 Super-Boost 变换器的动态特性, 提高了变换器的响应速度。上述文献对 Super-Boost 变换器拓扑的改进或控制策略均能有效地改善系统性能。
Super-Boost 变换器因其电路拓扑的特殊性, 输出端为${LC}$ 滤波,且存在电感电流反向流动特性, 导致其工作模式和输出纹波电压类型较传统 Boost 变换器而言存在较大差异。其电感存在连续导电模式 CCM (continuous conduction mode)、伪连续导电模式 PCCM (pseudo continuous conduction mode)、 伪断续导电模式 1 即 PDCM1(pseudo discontinuous conduction mode 1) 和伪断续导电模式 2 即 PDCM24 种工作模式。工作模式和输出纹波电压是衡量变换器性能的重要指标, 同时也是变换器参数设计的重要依据[13-17]。设计合理的变换器参数,不仅能提高变换器效率和功率密度, 还能延长变换器的使用寿命。但现阶段国内外对 Super-Boost 变换器的工作模式和输出纹波电压分析的研究不够深入, 无法系统指导变换器参数设计。
为了给 Super-Boost 变换器的分析和设计提供正确的理论依据, 本文对其工作模式及纹波电压进行深入研究, 推导出各工作模式的临界条件及输出纹波电压解析式, 讨论了电感电流恒流的情况, 据此给出变换器参数设计方法, 得到了满足设计要求的最小电容和最小电感。研究结果对 Super-Boost 变换器的分析和设计具有指导意义。
Super-Boost 变换器的电路拓扑如图1 所示, 由开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 、电感${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 、二极管${\mathrm{{VD}}}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 、电容${C}_{1}$$C$。 以及负载$R$ 构成。该变换器因为结构的特殊性,当电感取值较小时, 会出现电感电流反向流动现象, 即伪断续导电模式 PDCM, 这就导致其工作模式变得复杂。本文对工作模式及输出纹波电压进行深入分析,设开关管导通时间为$D$,其工作模态等效电路如图2 所示。电感电流与电容电压波形如图3 所示,图中${V}_{{C}_{11}}\sim {V}_{{C}_{15}}$ 分别为不同供能模式下电容${C}_{1}$ 的电压,${V}_{\mathrm{o}1}\sim {V}_{\mathrm{o}3}$ 分别为不同供能模式下的输出电压,${I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 为输出电流平均值。
${L}_{1}$ 工作于$\mathrm{{CCM}}$ 时,变换器存在$\mathrm{{CCM}}- \mathrm{{CCM}}$ $\left({{L}_{1}\text{工作于}\mathrm{{CCM}},{L}_{2}\text{工作于}\mathrm{{CCM}}}\right)$$\mathrm{{CCM}}- \mathrm{{PDCM}}1$ 两种工作模式。
当变换器工作于 CCM-CCM 时, 电感电流与电容电压波形如图3(a) 所示。图中${I}_{L,{P}_{1}}$${I}_{L,{V}_{1}}$ 分别为${L}_{1}$ 的最大、最小电感电流,${I}_{{L}_{2}{P}_{1}}$${I}_{{L}_{2}{V}_{1}}$ 分别为${L}_{2}$ 的最大、 最小电感电流。${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}$ 时间段,开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 导通,电感电流线性上升,此时${i}_{{L}_{2}}< {I}_{\mathrm{o}},{V}_{\text{in }}$${L}_{1}$ 供能,${C}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 供能并和${C}_{0}$ 一起向负载供能;${t}_{1}\sim {t}_{2}$ 时间段,${i}_{{L}_{2}}> {I}_{0},{C}_{1}$ 同时向${C}_{0}$ 和负载供能;${t}_{2}\sim {t}_{3}$ 时间段,开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 关断,电感电流线性减小,此时${i}_{{L}_{2}}> {I}_{0},{L}_{2}$${C}_{0}$ 和负载供能,${L}_{1}$${C}_{1}$ 供能;${t}_{3}\sim {t}_{4}$ 时间段,${i}_{{L}_{2}}< {I}_{\mathrm{o}},{L}_{2}$${C}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 一起向负载供能。
当变换器工作于 CCM-PDCM1 时, 电感电流与电容电压波形如图3(b) 所示。${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}$ 时间段,开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 导通,${V}_{\text{in }}$${L}_{1}$ 供能,${C}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 向负载供能,${L}_{2}$ 将能量向${C}_{1}$ 转移,电感电流逐渐减小,在${t}_{1}$ 时刻电流减小至$0;{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{5}$ 时间段与变换器工作在 CCM-CCM 时相同, 在${t}_{5}$ 时刻${L}_{2}$ 的电感电流减小至$0;{t}_{5}\sim {t}_{6}$ 时间段,${L}_{1}$${C}_{1}$ 供能,${C}_{0}$ 同时向负载和${L}_{2}$ 供能,${L}_{2}$ 的电感电流反向增加。
${L}_{1}$ 工作于 PCCM 时,变换器工作于 PCCM-PDCM2, 电感电流与电容电压波形如图3(c) 所示。 图中${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{6}$ 时间段与变换器工作在 CCM-PDCM1 时相同,${t}_{6}\sim {t}_{7}$ 时间段,电感电流恒定,电感两端电压大小为$0,{C}_{0}\text{、}{C}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 构成一个恒流源电路。
${L}_{1}$ 工作于 PDCM 时,变换器存在 PDCM1- CCM 和 PDCM2-PCCM 两种工作模式。
当变换器工作于 PDCM1-CCM 时, 电感电流与电容电压波形如图3(d) 所示。${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{1}$ 时间段,开关管$\mathrm{S}$ 导通,${C}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 供能,${C}_{0}$ 向负载供能,${L}_{1}$ 将能量向负载转移,电感电流逐渐减小,在${t}_{1}$ 时刻电流减小至$0;{t}_{1}\sim {t}_{5}$ 时间段与变换器工作在 CCM-CCM 时相同,在${t}_{5}$ 时刻${L}_{1}$ 的电感电流减小至$0;{t}_{5}\sim {t}_{6}$ 时间段,${C}_{\mathrm{o}}$${L}_{2}$ 向负载供能,${C}_{1}$${L}_{1}$ 供能,${L}_{1}$ 的电感电流反向增加。
当变换器工作于 PDCM2-PCCM 时, 电感电流工作波形如图3(e) 所示。${t}_{0}\sim {t}_{6}$ 时间段与变换器工作在 PDCM1-CCM 时相同;${t}_{6}\sim {t}_{7}$ 时间段,电感电流恒定,电感两端电压大小为$0,{C}_{0}\text{、}{C}_{1}\text{、}{L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 构成一个恒流源电路。
由以上分析可知, 变换器一个电感的工作模态与另一个电感有关, 当一个电感工作于 PDCM2 时, 另一个电感工作于 PCCM; 当一个电感工作于 PD-CM1 时, 另一个电感工作于 CCM。
根据状态空间平均方程可得输出电压和电感电流解析式, 如表1 所示。
表中,$f$ 为频率。分析表1 可知,当变换器工作于$\mathrm{{CCM}}- \mathrm{{CCM}}$ 时,取$D ={0.5}$,存在${I}_{{L}_{1}{P}_{1}}= {I}_{{L}_{2}{P}_{1}}\text{、}{I}_{{L}_{1}{V}_{1}}= {I}_{{L}_{2}{V}_{1}}$,变换器工作在 CCM-PDCM1 和 PDCM1-CCM 时的电压增益与 CCM-CCM 时相同。当电感工作于 PCCM 时, 其电感电流峰值不仅与自身电感有关, 还与另一电感有关。
${L}_{1}$ 工作于 CCM 与 PDCM1 的临界状态时,满足${I}_{{L}_{1}{V}_{1}}= 0$,故可得$\mathrm{{CCM}}$$\mathrm{{PDCM}}1$ 的临界电感${L}_{1\mathrm{{cl}}}$
${L}_{1\mathrm{{cl}}}= \frac{R{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}{2f}$
${L}_{1}> {L}_{1\mathrm{{cl}}}$ 时,${L}_{1}$ 工作于$\mathrm{{CCM}}$,如图3(a) 所示, 整个开关周期内,${L}_{1}$ 不会出现电流反向流动现象; 当${L}_{1}< {L}_{1\mathrm{{cl}}}$ 时,${L}_{1}$ 工作于$\mathrm{{PDCM}}1$,如图3(d) 所示,${L}_{1}$ 将出现电流反向流动现象。
${L}_{1}$ 工作于 PDCM1 与 PDCM2 的临界状态时,满足${I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{\;N}}_{4}}= {I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{\;V}}_{4}}$,故可得 PDCM1 与 PDCM2 的临界电感${L}_{1\mathrm{c}2}$
${L}_{1\mathrm{c}2}= \frac{{L}_{2}{D}_{9}\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}3}- {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right)}{{I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{4}}{L}_{2}f -\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}3}- {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right)\left({1 - D -{D}_{10}}\right)} $
${L}_{1}< {L}_{1\mathrm{c}2}$ 时,${L}_{1}$ 工作于$\mathrm{{PDCM}}2$,如图3(e) 所示, 变换器将出现电流恒定现象。
${L}_{2}$ 工作于 CCM 与 PDCM1 的临界状态时,满足${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{\;V}}_{1}}= 0$,故可得$\mathrm{{CCM}}$$\mathrm{{PDCM}}1$ 的临界电感${L}_{2\mathrm{{el}}}$
${L}_{2\mathrm{{cl}}}= \frac{{RD}\left({1 - D}\right)}{2f}$
${L}_{2}> {L}_{2\mathrm{{cl}}}$ 时,${L}_{2}$ 工作于$\mathrm{{CCM}}$,如图3(a)所示, 整个开关周期内,${L}_{2}$ 不会出现电流反向流动现象; 当${L}_{2}< {L}_{2\mathrm{{cl}}}$ 时,${L}_{2}$ 工作于$\mathrm{{PDCM}}1$,如图3(b) 所示,${L}_{2}$ 将出现电流反向流动现象。
${L}_{2}$ 工作于 PDCM1 与 PDCM2 的临界状态时, 满足${I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{3}}= {I}_{{L}_{1}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}}$,故可得 PDCM1 与 PDCM2 的临界电感${L}_{2c2}$
${L}_{2\mathrm{c}2}= \frac{{L}_{1}{D}_{4}\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right)}{{I}_{{L}_{1}{P}_{2}}{L}_{1}f -\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right)\left({1 - D -{D}_{5}}\right)} $
${L}_{2}< {L}_{2\mathrm{c}2}$ 时,${L}_{2}$ 工作于 PDCM2,如图3(c) 所示, 变换器将出现电流恒定现象。
分析式(2)和式(4)可知, 电感是否工作于 PD-CM2, 与另一电感取值有关。当电感取不同值时, 变换器存在 5 种工作模式, 如图4 所示。
当变换器工作于 CCM-CCM 时,分析图3(a)可知,在${t}_{1}\sim {t}_{3}$ 时间段,电容${C}_{0}$ 处于充电状态,其输出纹波电压${V}_{\mathrm{{PPI}}}$
${V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}1}= \frac{1}{{C}_{\mathrm{o}}}{\int }_{{t}_{0}}^{{t}_{2}}{i}_{\mathrm{C}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t =\frac{1}{{C}_{\mathrm{o}}}\left({\frac{1}{2}\frac{T}{2}\Delta {i}_{{L}_{2}}}\right)= \frac{{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}D}{8{L}_{2}{C}_{\mathrm{o}}{f}^{2}}$
式中,$T$ 为开关周期。
分析式(5)可知,当变换器工作于 CCM-CCM 时,输出纹波电压随着${L}_{2}$ 的增大而减小,与${L}_{1}$ 和负载的取值无关。
当变换器工作于 CCM-PDCM1 时, 分析图3(b) 可知此模式下的输出纹波电压${V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}2}$
${V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}2}= \frac{1}{{C}_{\mathrm{o}}}\left({{\int }_{0}^{\Delta {t}_{1}}{i}_{\mathrm{C}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t +{\int }_{0}^{\Delta {t}_{2}}{i}_{\mathrm{C}}\left( t\right)\mathrm{d}t}\right)= \\\frac{{D}^{2}R{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}- {4Df}{L}_{2}{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}}{8{f}^{2}{L}_{2}R}+ \\\frac{R{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}\left({{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}- {V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}}\right)+ {4f}{L}_{2}\left({D - 1}\right)\left({{V}_{\mathrm{{ol}}}- R{I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}}}\right)}{8{L}_{2}{f}^{2}R}$
将式(6)分别对${L}_{2}$$R$ 求偏导可得
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{\partial {V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}2}}{\partial {L}_{2}}< 0 \\\frac{\partial {V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}2}}{\partial R}< 0 \end{array}\right.$
当变换器工作于 PCCM-PDCM2 时,分析图3(c) 可知此模式下的输出纹波电压${V}_{\mathrm{{PP3}}}$
${V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}3}= \frac{f{L}_{2}{\left({V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{3}}R\right)}^{2}}{2{R}^{2}\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}2}- {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right)} -\frac{{L}_{2}{V}_{\mathrm{o}2}^{2}}{2{R}^{2}{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}$
将式 (8) 分别对${L}_{2}$$R$ 求偏导可得
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{\partial {V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}3}}{\partial {L}_{2}}< 0 \\\frac{\partial {V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}3}}{\partial R}< 0 \end{array}\right.$
当变换器工作于 PDCM1-CCM 时, 分析图3(d) 可知,在${t}_{2}\sim {t}_{4}$ 时间段,${C}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 处于充电状态,电容电压最小值过渡到正的最大值,其输出纹波电压${V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}4}$${V}_{\text{ PPI }}$ 相同。
当变换器工作于 PDCM2-PCCM 时,分析图3(e) 可知此模式下的输出纹波电压${V}_{\mathrm{{PP5}}}$
${V}_{\mathrm{{PP5}}}= \frac{f{L}_{2}{\left({V}_{\mathrm{o}3}- {I}_{{L}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{4}}R\right)}^{2}}{2{R}^{2}\left({{V}_{\mathrm{o}3}- {V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}\right)} -\frac{{L}_{2}{V}_{\mathrm{o}3}^{2}}{2{R}^{2}{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}}$
将式(10)分别对${L}_{2}$$R$ 求偏导可得
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{\partial {V}_{\mathrm{{PP5}}}}{\partial {L}_{2}}< 0 \\\frac{\partial {V}_{\mathrm{{PP5}}}}{\partial R}< 0 \end{array}\right.$
分析式 (7)、式 (9) 和式 (11) 可知,变换器工作于 CCM-PDCM1、PCCM-PDCM2 和 PDCM2-PCCM 时, 输出纹波电压随着${L}_{2}$ 的增大而减小,随着负载的增大而减小。
根据以上分析可得输出纹波电压与${L}_{2}$ 和负载间的关系,如图5 所示。
分析图5 可知,当${L}_{2}$ 工作于 CCM 时,输出纹波电压随着${L}_{2}$ 的增大而减小,与负载无关;当${L}_{2}$ 工作于 PDCM 时,输出纹波电压随着负载和${L}_{2}$ 的增大而减小。
综上所述, 可得 Super-Boost 变换器与传统 Boost 变换器的特征对比见表2
分析表2 可知, 较传统 Boost 变换器而言, Super-Boost 变换器存在更多的工作模式和输出纹波电压类型, 在相同变换器参数的前提下, 其输出纹波电压更小。传统 Boost 变换器拓扑的电感位于输入端, 输出侧的电流处于断续状态, 电流采样精度较低;Super-Boost 变换器输入、输出侧电流都连续, 使得电流采样精度大大提高, 便于对电流进行精确控制。在满足纹波电压指标的前提下, Super-Boost 变换器可以选用较小的电容值, 减小电路损耗。
电感设计须满足电感电流纹波要求, 若限定最大电感电流纹波为$\Delta {i}_{L}$,由表1 可知,满足电感电流纹波要求时的最小电感分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{L}_{{\mathrm{P}}_{1}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}D}{\Delta {i}_{{L}_{1}}f}\\{L}_{{\mathrm{P}}_{2}}= \frac{{V}_{\text{in }}D}{\Delta {i}_{{L}_{2}}f}\end{array}\right.$
由式 (1) 和式 (3) 可知, Super-Boost 变换器 CCM 和 PDCM 的临界电感${L}_{\mathrm{c}}$${V}_{\text{in }}$ 无关,与$R$ 有关,将式 (1) 和式 (3) 分别对$R$ 求偏导可得
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{\partial {L}_{\mathrm{c}1}}{\partial R}> 0 \\\frac{\partial {L}_{\mathrm{c}2}}{\partial R}> 0 \end{array}\right.$
当变换器输入电压范围为$\left\lbrack {{V}_{\mathrm{{in}},\min },{V}_{\mathrm{{in}},\max }}\right\rbrack$,负载电阻范围为$\left\lbrack {{R}_{\min },{R}_{\max }}\right\rbrack$ 时,根据式 (13) 可得在动态范围内的最小电感为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{L}_{\mathrm{c}1,\min }= \frac{{R}_{\min }{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{2}}{2f}\\{L}_{\mathrm{c}2,\min }= \frac{{R}_{\min }D\left({1 - D}\right)}{2f}\end{array}\right.$
对比式 (12) 和式 (14) 可得满足电流纹波要求和工作模式要求的最小感${L}_{1,\min }$${L}_{2,\min }$ 分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{L}_{1,\min }= \max \left\{{{L}_{{\mathrm{P}}_{1}},{L}_{\mathrm{c}1,\min }}\right\}\\{L}_{2,\min }= \max \left\{{{L}_{{\mathrm{P}}_{2}},{L}_{\mathrm{c}2,\min }}\right\}\end{array}\right.$
由文献[17]可知, 电感确定的变换器最大输出纹波电压如式 (5) 所示, 分析式 (5) 可知, 此时输出纹波电压大小与${V}_{\text{in }}$ 有关,与$R$ 无关,将${V}_{\mathrm{{PP1}}}$${V}_{\text{in }}$ 求偏导可得
$\frac{\partial {V}_{\mathrm{{PP1}}}}{\partial {V}_{\text{in }}}> 0 $
分析式(5)和式(16)可知,电感取最小值时,在输入电压和负载电阻动态范围内, 可得最大输出纹波电压为
${V}_{\mathrm{{PP}},\max }= \frac{D{V}_{\mathrm{{in}},\max }}{8{L}_{2,\min }{C}_{\mathrm{o}}{f}^{2}}$
若限定最大输出纹波电压为${V}_{\mathrm{{PP}},\max }$,可得满足输出纹波电压要求的最小电容为
${C}_{\mathrm{o},\min }= {k}_{1}\frac{D{V}_{\mathrm{{in}},\max }}{8{V}_{\mathrm{{PP}},\max }{L}_{2,\min }{f}^{2}}$
式中,${k}_{1}$ 为电容${C}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 在实际工作中所取裕量。
由第 1 节供能模式分析可知, 当变换器工作在 CCM 时,${L}_{1}$${C}_{1}$ 提供能量,根据式 (15) 可得电感电容能量守恒关系为
$\frac{1}{2}{C}_{1,\min }{V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}^{2}= \frac{1}{2}{L}_{1,\min }{I}_{{L}_{1}}^{2}$
式中,${I}_{{L}_{1}}$ 为变换器工作在$\mathrm{{CCM}}- \mathrm{{CCM}}$${L}_{1}$ 的电感电流平均值。
表1 数据代入式(19)可得${C}_{1}$ 的最小值为
${C}_{1,\min }= {k}_{2}\frac{{D}^{2}{L}_{1,\min }}{{\left( 1 - D\right)}^{4}{R}_{\max }}$
式中,${k}_{2}$ 为电容${C}_{1}$ 在实际工作中所取裕量。
为验证理论分析的正确性, 搭建了一台功率为${100}\mathrm{\;W}$ 的实验样机,参数设置为:输入电压${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}= {10}\mathrm{\;V}$,${v}_{\mathrm{G}}$ 为占空比,$D ={0.5}$,开关频率$f ={20}\mathrm{{kHz}}$,输出电压${V}_{\mathrm{o}}=$ ${20}\mathrm{\;V}$,负载电阻$R ={30\Omega }$,电容${C}_{1}= {100\mu }\mathrm{F}$,电容${C}_{\mathrm{o}}=$ ${80\mu }\mathrm{F},{L}_{1}$ 分别取${960}\text{、}{470}\text{、}{220}\text{、}{160}\text{、}{100}$${40\mu }\mathrm{H},{L}_{2}$ 分别取${960}\text{、}{470}\text{、}{220}\text{、}{160}\text{、}{100}$${40\mu }\mathrm{H}$。实验波形如图6 所示, 实验所得输出纹波电压数据见表3
分析图6(a) 可知,${L}_{1}= {220\mu }\mathrm{H}$${L}_{2}= {220\mu }\mathrm{H}$ 时,${I}_{L{V}_{1}}$${I}_{L{V}_{1}}$ 均大于 0,变换器工作于 CCM-CCM; 分析图6(b)可知,${L}_{1}= {220\mu }\mathrm{H}$${L}_{2}= {160\mu }\mathrm{H}$ 时,变换器工作于$\mathrm{{CCM}}- \mathrm{{PDCM}}1$,电感${L}_{2}$ 存在电流反向流动现象; 分析图6(c) 可知,${L}_{1}= {220\mu }\mathrm{H}\text{、}{L}_{2}= {100\mu }\mathrm{H}$ 时,变换器工作于 PCCM-PDCM2, 存在电感电流恒定现象; 分析图6(d) 可知,${L}_{1}= {160\mu }\mathrm{H}\text{、}{L}_{2}= {220\mu }\mathrm{H}$ 时, 变换器工作于$\mathrm{{PDCM}}1 -\mathrm{{CCM}}$,电感${L}_{1}$ 存在电流反向流动现象;分析图6(e) 可知,${L}_{1}= {100\mu }\mathrm{H}\text{、}{L}_{2}= {220\mu }\mathrm{H}$ 时,变换器工作于 PDCM2-PCCM,存在电感电流恒定现象。当${i}_{{L}_{2}}> {I}_{0}$ 时,${L}_{2}$${C}_{0}$ 和负载供能,${V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}}$ 开始增大; 当${i}_{{L}_{2}}< {I}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 时,${L}_{2}$${C}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 一起向负载供能,${V}_{\mathrm{{PP}}}$ 开始减小。
分析图6(b) 和 (d)、图6(c) 和 (e) 可知,当一个电感工作于 PDCM1 时, 另一个电感工作于 CCM; 当一个电感工作于 PDCM2 时, 另一个电感工作于$\mathrm{{PCCM}}$。分析图6 $\left(\mathrm{c}\right)$ 和(f)可知,${L}_{2}$ 是否工作于$\mathrm{{PD}}$ - CM2,还与${L}_{1}$ 的大小有关; 分析图6(e) 和 (g) 可知,${L}_{1}$ 是否工作于 PDCM2,还与${L}_{2}$ 的大小有关。
分析表3 可知, 输出纹波电压随着电感的增大而减小, 当变换器工作于 CCM-CCM 时输出纹波电压最小。变换器工作于$\mathrm{{CCM}}- \mathrm{{CCM}}$ 时,当${L}_{1}$ 给定, 增大${L}_{2}$ 的取值,输出纹波电压随着${L}_{2}$ 的增大而减小; 当${L}_{2}$ 给定,增大${L}_{1}$ 的取值,输出纹波电压大小不变。受滤波电容等元器件的寄生参数影响, 实验所得输出纹波电压略大于理论值,误差在$8\%$ 以内, 验证了理论分析的正确性。
对双输入 Boost 变换器参数设计方法进行实验验证,具体参数为:输入电压${V}_{\text{in }}$ 范围为$5 \sim {10}\mathrm{\;V}$,负载电阻$R$ 范围为${10}\sim {30\Omega }$,输出电压${V}_{\mathrm{o}}= {20}\mathrm{\;V}$,给定最大电感电流纹波$\Delta {i}_{{L}_{1}}= {20}\%{I}_{{L}_{1}}\text{、}\Delta {i}_{{L}_{2}}= {20}\%{I}_{{L}_{2}}$,给定最大输出纹波电压${\Delta V}= 1\%{V}_{\mathrm{o}}$,工作频率$f ={20}\mathrm{{kHz}}$。根据式(15)、式(18)和式(20)计算可得${L}_{1,\min }= {625\mu }\mathrm{H}$${L}_{2,\min }= {625\mu }\mathrm{H}$${C}_{0,\min }= {12.5\mu }\mathrm{F}$,${C}_{1,\min }= {83.0\mu }\mathrm{F}$。实验中,${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$${625\mu }\mathrm{H}$,电容取适当裕量,${C}_{1}$${100\mu }\mathrm{F},{C}_{0}$ 分别取 40 和${60\mu }\mathrm{F}$,实验波形如图7 所示。
分析图7 可知, 变换器工作于 CCM 时, 输出纹波电压大小与负载无关,变换器参数取值为${V}_{\mathrm{{in}}}=$ ${V}_{\mathrm{{in}},\max }\text{、}{C}_{\mathrm{o}}= {C}_{\mathrm{o},\min }$ 时,输出纹波电压最大,且满足最大纹波电压指标要求。当$R$${C}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 不变时,输出纹波电压随着${V}_{\text{in }}$ 的增大而增大; 当$R$${V}_{\text{in }}$ 不变时,输出纹波电压随着${C}_{\mathrm{o}}$ 的增大而减小。由此可知${C}_{\mathrm{o},\min }$ 是满足纹波电压要求的最小电容, 实验结果与理论分析一致, 验证了理论分析的正确性。受元器件寄生参数影响, 实验所得输出纹波电压略大于理论值, 实际应用中, 在本文理论分析的基础上加入相应的裕量, 即可满足供能模式和纹波电压指标要求。
通过对 Super-Boost 变换器的工作模式及输出纹波电压进行深入研究, 得到如下结论。
(1)Super-Boost 变换器是否存在电感电流反向流动现象,与电感大小密切相关,${L}_{1}$${L}_{2}$ 均存在 2 个临界电感。当${L}_{1}> {L}_{1\mathrm{c}1}$ 时,${L}_{1}$ 工作于$\mathrm{{CCM}}$;当${L}_{1\mathrm{c}2}<$ ${L}_{1}< {L}_{1\mathrm{{cl}}}$ 时,${L}_{1}$ 工作于$\mathrm{{PDCM}}1$,存在电流反向流动现象; 当${L}_{1}< {L}_{1\mathrm{c}2}$ 时,${L}_{1}$ 工作于 PDCM2,存在电流恒定现象; 当${L}_{2}> {L}_{2\mathrm{c}1}$ 时,${L}_{2}$ 工作于$\mathrm{{CCM}}$; 当${L}_{2\mathrm{c}2}< {L}_{2}< {L}_{2\mathrm{c}1}$ 时,${L}_{2}$ 工作于 PDCM1,存在电流反向流动现象; 当${L}_{2}< {L}_{2\mathrm{c}2}$ 时,${L}_{2}$ 工作于$\mathrm{{PDCM}}2$,存在电流恒定现象。
(2)变换器工作在 CCM-CCM 时,当占空比$D =$ 0.5 时,存在${I}_{{L}_{1}}= {I}_{{L}_{2}}$。此模式下输出纹波电压与${L}_{2}$ 有关,与${L}_{1}$ 无关,且随着${L}_{2}$ 的增大而减小。当电感工作于 CCM 和 PDCM 时, 其电感电流峰值只与自身电感大小有关;当电感工作于 PCCM 时,其电感电流峰值不仅与自身电感大小有关, 还与另一电感大小有关。
(3)电感是否工作于 PDCM2,与另一电感大小有关。当一个电感工作于 PDCM1 时, 另一个电感工作于 CCM;当一个电感工作于 PDCM2 时,另一个电感工作于 PCCM。
(4)通过不同的约束条件对变换器参数进行设计, 得到了输入电压和负载电阻动态范围内的最小电感和最小电容。本文研究所得结论对于 Super-Boost 变换器分析和设计具有指导意义。
  • 陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2023-JC-YB-442)
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doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2024.1.11
  • 接收时间:2021-07-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2024-01-30
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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-19
  • 修回日期:2021-08-30
  • 录用日期:2021-09-27
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2023-JC-YB-442)
陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2023-JC-YB-442)
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    陕西理工大学 电气工程学院 汉中 723001
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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