Article(id=1149745457624170812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149745442428203486, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709654400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-06, revisedDate=1712419200000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050278334, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050278334, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050278334, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050278334, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149745442428203486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='141', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050274711, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780137206, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001011664605316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149745442428203486, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001011664605317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149745442428203486, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=135, endPage=141, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149745457817108807, articleId=1149745457624170812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Smoke Control in Tunnel Fires by Eliminating Fire Doors in Cross-Passageways, columnId=1152669334582243706, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the absence of experimental verification of smoke control and ventilation models for tunnel fires without fire doors in crosspassageways of urban rail transit projects, this study conducted a comprehensive ventilation and smoke control experiment in a typical tunnel of the Zhengzhou Metro. The experiment focused on varying locations of train fires within the tunnel. By assessing smoke control wind speeds in both the fire tunnel and crosspassageway under different conditions, our objective was to validate the impact of not installing fire doors in crosspassageways on tunnel fire ventilation and smoke control, and to evaluate the effectiveness of different ventilation and smoke control models. The results indicated that in tunnels with fully enclosed platform doors and one crosspassageway in the test sections, the absence of fire doors (i.e., with open fire doors) resulted in all tested ventilation and smoke control models achieving wind speeds exceeding 2 m/s blowing towards the side where the fire occurred at the door openings. Simultaneously, exhaust wind speeds inside the fire tunnels exceeded 2 m/s, meeting the regulatory requirements for smoke control. These findings suggest the feasibility of omitting fire doors in similar projects. Different ventilation and smoke control models demonstrated varying wind speeds at door openings. Models utilizing two tunnel fans to supply air to the fire tunnel and pressurize nonfire tunnels, coupled with four exhaust fans to extract smoke from the fire tunnel, achieved higher wind speeds at crosspassageway entrances.

, correspAuthors=Yiran WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yiran WANG, Yafei CHEN, Yanfeng LI, Lei LI, Sanxian XIA, Xiaowei ZHANG, Lan ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149745471909970034, articleId=1149745457624170812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=取消联络通道防火门的隧道火灾烟控试验研究, columnId=1152669334955536763, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=机电工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

城市轨道交通工程在联络通道不设置防火门的情况下,隧道火灾通风控烟模式研究缺少全尺寸试验验证,针对该问题,选择郑州地铁的典型区间隧道开展列车在隧道中不同位置发生火灾的多工况通风控烟试验。通过测试不同工况下的火灾隧道及联络通道处的控烟风速,验证不设置联络通道防火门对隧道火灾通风控烟的影响以及不同通风控烟模式的实际效果。研究结果表明:对于车站采用全封闭站台门、区间设有1条联络通道的试验区间隧道,在不设置防火门条件下(即开启防火门),试验采用的各种通风控烟模式在门洞处均可获得吹向着火侧隧道且大于2m/s的风速,同时火灾隧道内的排烟风速也大于2m/s,可满足相关规范的控烟要求,在类似工程中取消防火门具有可行性;不同通风控烟模式在门洞处获得的风速有所不同,采用送风车站的2台隧道风机向火灾隧道送风、2台隧道风机向非火灾隧道加压送风,排烟车站的4台隧道风机均用于火灾隧道排烟的控烟模式,可以在联络通道门处获得较大的风速。

, correspAuthors=王奕然, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=J4xBkQqqFvOq1+a76seRsA==, magXml=mtiDoYfrEaaUqs81EnMyVw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=eaX3Io7G1pgOQAUpPN6IZA==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zeFxklqgHM+Z6hYzqj51Zw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王奕然,男,本科,教授级高级工程师,主要从事轨道交通设计研究工作,

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王奕然,男,本科,教授级高级工程师,主要从事轨道交通设计研究工作,

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王奕然,男,本科,教授级高级工程师,主要从事轨道交通设计研究工作,

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language=CN, label=图 8, caption=各工况联络通道内断面风速对比, figureFileSmall=1eqiBxYEuFZsj38xi6hmnQ==, figureFileBig=46LPjcjIt1yQ+1wfqkjIJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040199093937047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149745457624170812, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Condition 1 Wind speed test results m/s, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面 风速
子工况 子工况 1-2 子工况 子工况 1-4
断面 I(火灾隧道) 5.63 5.22 ${5.15}^{ * }$ 4.52
断面 II (联络通道) 8.90 10.79 11.20 8.58
), ArticleFig(id=1154040199156851611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149745457624170812, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=工况组 1 风速测试结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面 风速
子工况 子工况 1-2 子工况 子工况 1-4
断面 I(火灾隧道) 5.63 5.22 ${5.15}^{ * }$ 4.52
断面 II (联络通道) 8.90 10.79 11.20 8.58
), ArticleFig(id=1154040199215571868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149745457624170812, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Condition 2 Wind speed test results m/s, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面 风速
子工况2-1 子工况2-2 子工况2-3 子工况2-4
断面 I(火灾隧道) 5.34 4.48 3.75 ${3.73}^{ * }$
断面 II (联络通道) 2.36 4.15 5.58 4.78
), ArticleFig(id=1154040199274292125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149745457624170812, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=工况组 2 风速测试结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面 风速
子工况2-1 子工况2-2 子工况2-3 子工况2-4
断面 I(火灾隧道) 5.34 4.48 3.75 ${3.73}^{ * }$
断面 II (联络通道) 2.36 4.15 5.58 4.78
), ArticleFig(id=1154040199345595295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149745457624170812, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Comparison of test and hydraulic calculation results, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面 对比项 子工况 1-1 子工况 1-2 子工况 1-3 子工况 1-4
断面 I 测试结果/(m/s) 5.63 5.22 5.15 4.52
计算结果/(m/s) 5.68 5.13 4.69 4.49
差异率1% -0.89 1.72 8.93 0.66
断面 II 测试结果/(m/s) 8.90 10.79 11.20 8.58
计算结果/(m/s) 9.10 10.03 11.04 8.56
差异率1% -2.25 7.04 1.43 0.23
), ArticleFig(id=1154040199408509856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149745457624170812, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=测试与水力计算风速结果对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面 对比项 子工况 1-1 子工况 1-2 子工况 1-3 子工况 1-4
断面 I 测试结果/(m/s) 5.63 5.22 5.15 4.52
计算结果/(m/s) 5.68 5.13 4.69 4.49
差异率1% -0.89 1.72 8.93 0.66
断面 II 测试结果/(m/s) 8.90 10.79 11.20 8.58
计算结果/(m/s) 9.10 10.03 11.04 8.56
差异率1% -2.25 7.04 1.43 0.23
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取消联络通道防火门的隧道火灾烟控试验研究
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王奕然 1 , 陈亚飞 1 , 李炎锋 2 , 李磊 3 , 夏三县 4 , 张晓伟 1 , 祝岚 1
都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2024,37(4): 135-141
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都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2024, 37(4): 135-141
取消联络通道防火门的隧道火灾烟控试验研究
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王奕然1 , 陈亚飞1, 李炎锋2, 李磊3, 夏三县4, 张晓伟1, 祝岚1
作者信息
  • 1 北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司 北京 100037
  • 2 北京工业大学 建筑工程学院 北京 100124
  • 3 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司 北京 100013
  • 4 郑州地铁集团有限公司 郑州 450047
  • 王奕然,男,本科,教授级高级工程师,主要从事轨道交通设计研究工作,

Experimental Study on Smoke Control in Tunnel Fires by Eliminating Fire Doors in Cross-Passageways
Yiran WANG1 , Yafei CHEN1, Yanfeng LI2, Lei LI3, Sanxian XIA4, Xiaowei ZHANG1, Lan ZHU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Beijing Urban Construction Design & Development Group Co., Ltd. Beijing 100037
  • 2 College of Architecture and Civil Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124
  • 3 China Academy of Building Research Beijing 100013
  • 4 Zhengzhou Metro Group Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou 450047
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.020
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城市轨道交通工程在联络通道不设置防火门的情况下,隧道火灾通风控烟模式研究缺少全尺寸试验验证,针对该问题,选择郑州地铁的典型区间隧道开展列车在隧道中不同位置发生火灾的多工况通风控烟试验。通过测试不同工况下的火灾隧道及联络通道处的控烟风速,验证不设置联络通道防火门对隧道火灾通风控烟的影响以及不同通风控烟模式的实际效果。研究结果表明:对于车站采用全封闭站台门、区间设有1条联络通道的试验区间隧道,在不设置防火门条件下(即开启防火门),试验采用的各种通风控烟模式在门洞处均可获得吹向着火侧隧道且大于2m/s的风速,同时火灾隧道内的排烟风速也大于2m/s,可满足相关规范的控烟要求,在类似工程中取消防火门具有可行性;不同通风控烟模式在门洞处获得的风速有所不同,采用送风车站的2台隧道风机向火灾隧道送风、2台隧道风机向非火灾隧道加压送风,排烟车站的4台隧道风机均用于火灾隧道排烟的控烟模式,可以在联络通道门处获得较大的风速。

城市轨道交通  /  联络通道  /  取消防火门  /  烟控试验

In response to the absence of experimental verification of smoke control and ventilation models for tunnel fires without fire doors in crosspassageways of urban rail transit projects, this study conducted a comprehensive ventilation and smoke control experiment in a typical tunnel of the Zhengzhou Metro. The experiment focused on varying locations of train fires within the tunnel. By assessing smoke control wind speeds in both the fire tunnel and crosspassageway under different conditions, our objective was to validate the impact of not installing fire doors in crosspassageways on tunnel fire ventilation and smoke control, and to evaluate the effectiveness of different ventilation and smoke control models. The results indicated that in tunnels with fully enclosed platform doors and one crosspassageway in the test sections, the absence of fire doors (i.e., with open fire doors) resulted in all tested ventilation and smoke control models achieving wind speeds exceeding 2 m/s blowing towards the side where the fire occurred at the door openings. Simultaneously, exhaust wind speeds inside the fire tunnels exceeded 2 m/s, meeting the regulatory requirements for smoke control. These findings suggest the feasibility of omitting fire doors in similar projects. Different ventilation and smoke control models demonstrated varying wind speeds at door openings. Models utilizing two tunnel fans to supply air to the fire tunnel and pressurize nonfire tunnels, coupled with four exhaust fans to extract smoke from the fire tunnel, achieved higher wind speeds at crosspassageway entrances.

urban rail transit  /  cross-passageway  /  canceled fire door  /  smoke control test
王奕然, 陈亚飞, 李炎锋, 李磊, 夏三县, 张晓伟, 祝岚. 取消联络通道防火门的隧道火灾烟控试验研究. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (4) : 135 -141 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.020
Yiran WANG, Yafei CHEN, Yanfeng LI, Lei LI, Sanxian XIA, Xiaowei ZHANG, Lan ZHU. Experimental Study on Smoke Control in Tunnel Fires by Eliminating Fire Doors in Cross-Passageways[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (4) : 135 -141 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.020
在城市轨道交通工程中, 联络通道防火门受列车运行产生的活塞风影响, 损坏、脱落的情况时有发生, 严重威胁着线路运营安全 [ 1 - 2 ] 。为此,中国城市轨道交通协会通过制定相关标准提高防火门抗风压能力 [ 3 - 5 ] , 相关企业开展了多种新型抗风压防火门的研发 [ 6 - 8 ] ,从而使防火门的建设与维护成本大幅上升。
与此同时, 相关研究提出利用联络通道中的气流来阻止火灾时的烟气向非着火隧道蔓延, 在特定条件下取消联络通道防火门, 从根源上解决防火门带来的问题 [ 9 - 11 ] 。基于仿真模拟分析的研究认为,采用设定的区间火灾纵向排烟模式, 联络通道中能形成一定风速以抵抗烟气向非火灾区间蔓延,对于设有 1 条联络通道和 2 条联络通道的区间隧道, 不设置联络通道防火门是安全的 [ 9 ] ; 江崇旭通过模拟计算表明,取消防火门对区间隧道正常运营的平均环境温度影响很小, 通过制定合理的烟气控制模式, 区间隧道排烟风速仍可满足区间纵向临界风速的要求 [ 10 ] ;基于 $1 : 3$ 缩尺比例单洞双线隧道模型的实验研究表明, 采用火灾隧道纵向排烟、非火灾隧道正压送风的模式, 可使联络通道处风速达到临界风速要求, 有效控制烟气不进入非事故隧道 [ 11 ]
综上, 对于取消联络通道防火门的研究以仿真模拟或者缩尺模型实验为主, 未对全尺寸实际工程进行现场试验, 尚缺少实际应用效果验证。本文选择郑州地铁的典型区间隧道, 开展列车在隧道中不同位置发生火灾的多工况通风控烟试验, 研究取消联络通道防火门对隧道火灾通风控烟的影响以及不同通风控烟模式的实际效果。
试验线路为全地下线路,线路全长 ${7.59}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,设地下车站 6 座,车辆采用 6B 车型。试验选择线路中部 4 号一5 号车站之间的典型区间隧道, 该区间站间距为 ${1.14}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,隧道长度 ${0.932}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,无配线,坡度为 $3\%\mathrm{o}\sim$ ${28}\%$ 的 V 形坡。
区间隧道为标准盾构隧道,内径 ${5.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。隧道内设置 1 处联络通道,位于隧道中部。联络通道长度 ${6.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 内部设置 2 道防火门, 每道防火门为两樘逆向开启的单扇防火门,单个防火门门洞尺寸为 ${2.1}\mathrm{\;m}\times {0.9}\mathrm{\;m}$
4 号车站与 5 号车站均为地下三层、岛式换乘车站。4 号车站为 L 型换乘, 地下一层为换乘站厅层, 地下二层为设备层, 地下三层为站台层; 5 号车站为 T 型换乘, 地下一层为物业开发区及地下停车场, 地下二层为站厅层, 地下三层为站台层。试验车站及区间线路示意如 图 1 所示。
试验线路采用车站设置全封闭站台门的通风空调系统。车站两端对应左、右线区间隧道均设置区间事故风道, 每条风道内设置一台双向可逆转区间事故风机(TVF 风机)与相应的事故风阀。两条风道之间设置联通风阀, 通过开启和关闭不同的风阀, 可以实现两台区间事故风机分别对左、右线隧道或其中一条隧道进行通风排烟。
当区间隧道内发生火灾事故时, 通过开启相邻两车站的共计 8 台 TVF 风机及其相应的风阀,组织气流, 形成一定的隧道断面风速, 防止烟气逆流, 排除烟气, 并向乘客、工作人员提供必要的新风量, 以便于人员疏散及消防员灭火救援。
4 号车站的 TVF 风机设计风量为 ${60}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$ ,风压 ${1000}\mathrm{\;{Pa}};5$ 号车站的 TVF 风机设计风量为 ${70}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$ ,风压 ${1150}\mathrm{\;{Pa}}$ 。正式试验前,对 TVF 风机的实际运行风量进行了测量。结果显示, 由于风道实际阻力较小, 风机实际风量均高于设计风量。其中, 4 号车站的 TVF 风机实际风量约为 ${85}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}/\mathrm{s};5$ 号车站的小里程端 TVF 风机实际风量约为 ${85}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$ ,大里程端 TVF 风机实际风量约为 ${72}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$ 。试验区间隧道的通风排烟系统示意如 图 2 所示。
本试验仅考虑烟气流动可能经过联络通道的工况, 按发生火灾时列车在区间隧道停放位置不同分为 2 个工况组。理论上, 在对火灾隧道通风排烟的同时, 对相邻的非火灾隧道进行加压送风, 有利于提高联络通道中的风速, 可更好地抑制烟气向非火灾隧道蔓延。因此, 每个工况组又按不同的通风排烟模式分为 4 个子工况, 以验证不同通风排烟模式的控烟效果。
工况组 1 将列车停放在右线区间, 车头距离联络通道 ${120}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。假定列车前部火灾,4 号车站 TVF 风机送风, 烟气在火灾隧道中经过联络通道后由 5 号车站 TVF 风机排出, 人员通过 4 号车站站台门端门疏散;打开联络通道的一组防火门, 模拟取消防火门的情形。
子工况 1-1 为 4 号车站 4 台 TVF 风机均向火灾隧道送风, 5 号车站 4 台 TVF 风机均从火灾隧道排烟; 子工况 1-2 为 4 号车站 3 台 TVF 风机向火灾隧道送风、 1 台 TVF 风机向非火灾隧道加压送风, 5 号车站 4 台 TVF 风机均从火灾隧道排烟;子工况 1-3 为 4 号车站 2 台 TVF 风机向火灾隧道送风、2 台 TVF 风机向非火灾隧道加压送风, 5 号车站 4 台 TVF 风机均从火灾隧道排烟;子工况 1-4 为 4 号车站 3 台 TVF 风机向火灾隧道送风、1 台 TVF 风机向非火灾隧道加压送风,5 号车站 3 台 TVF 风机从火灾隧道排烟、1 台 TVF 风机向非火灾隧道加压送风。
工况组 2 同样将列车停放在右线区间,车辆中部位于联络通道处。假定列车后部火灾, 5 号车站 TVF 风机送风, 烟气由 4 号车站 TVF 风机排出, 人员通过 5 号车站站台门端门疏散; 打开联络通道的一组防火门, 模拟取消防火门的情形。
与工况组 1 相似, 按非火灾隧道的加压送风模式设定 4 个子工况。各通风排烟工况如 图 3 所示。
对于工况组 1,在右线隧道车头前方 ${50}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处设置隧道风速测量断面 $\mathrm{I}$ ,联络通道门洞处设置联络通道风速测量断面 II 。
对于工况组 2,在右线隧道车尾后方 ${50}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处设置隧道风速测量断面 $\mathrm{I}$ ,联络通道门洞处设置联络通道风速测量断面 II 。风速测量断面布置如 图 4 所示。
隧道风速测试断面 I 上共设 12 个测点, 联络通道风速测试断面 II 上共设 8 个测点, 风速测点布置及编号见 图 5 (迎风方向)。
试验选择 TSI9515 热球风速仪作为风速测试设备, 选择 D810 红外测距仪为距离测试设备, 选择消防演习烟雾罐作为测试过程中的发烟及烟气示踪器材。
2023 年 2~3 月,由多家单位组成的试验小组依据上述试验方案联合开展并顺利完成了相关试验。隧道断面风速测试、联络通道风速测试及烟气示踪试验过程照片如 图 6 所示。
各工况下的隧道风速测量断面 I 及联络通道风速测量断面 II 的平均风速见 表 1表 2
各工况下的火灾隧道断面风向均为送风车站流向排烟车站方向; 联络通道断面风向均为非火灾隧道流向火灾隧道方向。
在各工况的发烟及烟气示踪试验过程中, 火灾隧道中未发生烟气逆流现象, 且未发生烟气进入联络通道向非火灾隧道蔓延的情况。
实际工程中,一般通过一维网络水力计算确定隧道各支路风量分布。本研究采用 STESS3.0 软件对工况组 1 的各子工况进行水力计算, 并将计算结果与测试结果进行对比分析。水力计算采用 2.2 节中的实测风机风量,结果对比情况见 表 3
表 3 可知, 不同工况的测试与计算结果的一致性较好,两者的差异率为-2.25%~8.93%。
国家标准《地铁设计规范》(GB 50157- 2013 ) 规定,火灾隧道断面风速不应小于 ,且需大于临界风速,同时风速不应超过 。
采用团体标准《城市轨道交通单洞双线隧道火灾烟气控制系统技术规范》(T/CAMET 05005- 2023 ) 中隧道临界风速的计算公式, 计算得到试验区间的火灾隧道临界风速为 。
因此,火灾隧道断面风速标准为大于等于 ${2.0}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ , 且小于 ${11}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$
文献[ 13 ]提出,单洞双线隧道的中隔墙连通口部不设置防火门时, 连通口部由非着火侧流向着火侧的断面平均风速不应小于 ${2.5}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 。但是,本次试验区间为单洞单线隧道, 不同于文献[ 13 ]中双线之间设置中隔墙,试验区间的左右线之间通过长度 ${6.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ 的联络通道连接。由于该联络通道内的烟气流动规律更接近隧道, 因此, 建议将其视为隧道确定风速标准。
采用文献[ 13 ]中隧道临界风速的计算公式, 在火灾热释放速率 ${7.5}\mathrm{{MW}}$ 及联络通道各项参数条件下,计算得到联络通道的临界风速为 ${1.93}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$
因此,联络通道风速标准亦为大于等于 ${2.0}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ , 且小于 ${11}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$
根据 表 1表 2 的测试结果, 工况组 1 与工况组 2 的火灾隧道断面风速对比结果见 图 7
图 7 可知,对于火灾隧道的断面通风排烟风速, 测试各工况风速均大于 $2\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,且小于 ${11}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,可满足 3.3.1 节的隧道控烟风速要求。与非火灾隧道不加压送风(子工况 1)相比,当对非火灾隧道进行加压送风时 (子工况 2~子工况 4),火灾隧道风速有所降低,且用于加压的风机数量越多,风速降低越大。
根据 表 1表 2 的测试结果, 工况组 1 与工况组 2 的联络通道内断面风速对比结果见 图 8
图 8 可知, 对于联络通道内的断面风速, 测试各工况风速亦均大于 $2\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,满足 3.3.2 节的联络通道控烟风速要求, 可有效抑制烟气向非火灾隧道蔓延。列车位于联络通道处时(工况组 2 ),会形成较大的局部阻力,与列车处于其他位置(工况组 1 )相比, 联络通道处的风速降幅较大, 应视为不利工况。当对非火灾隧道进行加压送风时(子工况 2~子工况 4), 与非火灾隧道不加压送风(子工况 1)相比,联络通道内风速有所提高, 且用于加压的风机数量越多, 风速提高越大。采用送风车站的 2 台隧道风机向火灾隧道送风、2 台隧道风机向非火灾隧道加压送风,排烟车站的 4 台隧道风机均用于火灾隧道排烟的控烟模式(子工况 3), 联络通道内的风速最高。当同一车站既加压送风、又排烟时(子工况 4),由于车站内存在气流短路, 隧道通风效率降低, 联络通道内风速有所下降。
此外,个别测试工况的联络通道风速大于 ${11}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ , 不利于疏散与救援, 工况选择时应避免采用。
1) 对于车站采用全封闭站台门、区间设有 1 条联络通道的试验区间隧道, 在不设置防火门条件下(即开启防火门),试验采用的各种通风控烟模式在门洞处均可获得吹向着火侧隧道且大于 $2\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 的风速,同时火灾隧道内的排烟风速也大于 $2\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,可满足相关规范的控烟要求, 示踪烟气未进入非火灾隧道。在类似工程中, 取消防火门具有可行性。
2) 不同通风控烟模式在门洞处获得的风速有所不同,采用送风车站的 2 台隧道风机向火灾隧道送风、 2 台隧道风机向非火灾隧道加压送风, 排烟车站的 4 台隧道风机均用于火灾隧道排烟的控烟模式, 可以在联络通道门处获得较大的风速。
3) 个别通风控烟模式的联络通道风速可能大于 ${11}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,不利于疏散与救援,设计工况选择时应避免采用。
  • 北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8172006)
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2024年第37卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.020
  • 接收时间:2024-03-06
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-06
  • 修回日期:2024-04-07
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北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8172006)
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    1 北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司 北京 100037
    2 北京工业大学 建筑工程学院 北京 100124
    3 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司 北京 100013
    4 郑州地铁集团有限公司 郑州 450047
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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