Article(id=1149745450254775246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149745442428203486, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712160000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-04, revisedDate=1715788800000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050276577, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050276577, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050276577, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050276577, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149745442428203486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='141', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050274711, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780137206, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001011664605316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149745442428203486, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001011664605317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149745442428203486, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=80, endPage=82, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149745450481267673, articleId=1149745450254775246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Environmental Vibration and Propagation Laws of Brick-Concrete Structures Induced by Subways, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study addresses the environmental vibration issues of adjacent brickconcrete structures induced by subway operations, focusing on a 7story brickconcrete building as the primary investigation subject. Vibrations were measured at the tunnel, outdoor ground level, and various structural floors to analyze the propagation characteristics along the “tunnelgroundstructure" path. The study aims to identify reasons for vibration levels exceeding standards. Key factors contributing to the issue include the shallow depth of tunnel burial, the proximity of buildings to the tunnel, and their shared soil layer, resulting in inadequate vibration attenuation through the soil. Additionally, resonance effects within specific floor slabs of the structure contribute to vibration responses surpassing evaluation standards outdoors and on the first indoor floor. A finite element model of the brickconcrete structure was constructed using measured vertical accelerations at column bases as loads. The model's accuracy was validated against measured floor responses, confirming amplification effects on middle and upper floors. Parametric analysis explored the impacts of floor count, story height, slab thickness, and wall thickness on the spatial distribution of vibration responses. The findings from this study provide valuable insights for evaluating environmental vibrations in similar structures, offering guidance for mitigating effects and ensuring compliance with vibration standards.

, correspAuthors=Zhengang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhengang WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149745474376216889, articleId=1149745450254775246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=地铁诱发的砖混结构环境振动及传递规律研究, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决地铁运行引起的邻近砖混结构环境振动问题,以某7层砖混结构为研究对象,实测隧道内、室外地面、结构楼板的振动响应,分析振动沿“隧道地面结构”的传递规律,并由此提出建筑物内环境振动超标可能的原因:隧道埋深浅、建筑与隧道距离近且处于同个土层使得土体对振动的衰减效果较差;结构部分楼板共振导致振动响应超过评价规定的室外地面和室内首层。进一步建立该砖混结构的有限元模型,采用实测柱底竖向加速度作为荷载,并对比实测楼板响应验证模型的准确性。模拟计算结果证实中间层及顶层楼板的放大效应,并通过分析获得了楼层数量、层高、板厚、墙厚参数对振动响应空间分布的影响。研究成果对砖混结构的环境振动评价具有一定参考价值。

, correspAuthors=王振刚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8uGBRDvJeEQuUIKYspUxWg==, magXml=/GmU3YGJbEADgL4Nxmt/yg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=EG+kQdVxQodDS1uNDkrkQw==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9mtlU06ho2NM527Xf658jQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王振刚,男,硕士,高级工程师,从事噪声振动与水污染防治研究,

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王振刚,男,硕士,高级工程师,从事噪声振动与水污染防治研究,

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王振刚,男,硕士,高级工程师,从事噪声振动与水污染防治研究,

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China civil engineering journal, 2014 . 47 ( 1 ): 13 - 23 ., articleTitle=Study on sophisticated calculation model of large-span railway station structures based on vibration serviceability evaluation, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154040210997367632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149745450254775246, awardId=2022-A02, language=CN, fundingSource=中国铁建股份有限公司科技研发计划项目(2022-A02), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154040204525556393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149745450254775246, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154040204538139306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149745450254775246, companyId=1154040204525556393, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd. 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评价位置 测量值/dB 评价结果
室外地面(VG-1) 77.8 超标 ${2.5}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
首层餐厅(V1F-1) 78.3 超标 ${3.3}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
首层客厅(V1F-2) 80.0 超标 $5\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
首层书房(V1F-3) 79.0 超标 $4\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
首层主卧(V1F-4) 73.1 未超标
首层次卧(V1F-5) 81.9 超标 ${6.9}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
5 层餐厅(V5F-1) 71.3 未超标
5 层客厅(V5F-2) 73.5 未超标
5 层书房(V5F-3) 76.1 超标 ${1.1}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154040210636657475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149745450254775246, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=室内外振动评价结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价位置 测量值/dB 评价结果
室外地面(VG-1) 77.8 超标 ${2.5}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
首层餐厅(V1F-1) 78.3 超标 ${3.3}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
首层客厅(V1F-2) 80.0 超标 $5\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
首层书房(V1F-3) 79.0 超标 $4\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
首层主卧(V1F-4) 73.1 未超标
首层次卧(V1F-5) 81.9 超标 ${6.9}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
5 层餐厅(V5F-1) 71.3 未超标
5 层客厅(V5F-2) 73.5 未超标
5 层书房(V5F-3) 76.1 超标 ${1.1}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154040210699572038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149745450254775246, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Material parameters of structural components, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件类型 弹性模量/GPa 密度/ 泊松比
35.5 2500 0.2
35.5 2500 0.2
楼板 33.5 2500 0.2
墙体 1.29 1 800 0.15
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构件类型 弹性模量/GPa 密度/ 泊松比
35.5 2500 0.2
35.5 2500 0.2
楼板 33.5 2500 0.2
墙体 1.29 1 800 0.15
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地铁诱发的砖混结构环境振动及传递规律研究
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王振刚
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(4): 80-82
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(4): 80-82
地铁诱发的砖混结构环境振动及传递规律研究
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王振刚
作者信息
  • 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 武汉 430063
  • 王振刚,男,硕士,高级工程师,从事噪声振动与水污染防治研究,

Environmental Vibration and Propagation Laws of Brick-Concrete Structures Induced by Subways
Zhengang WANG
Affiliations
  • China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd. Wuhan 430063
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.012
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为解决地铁运行引起的邻近砖混结构环境振动问题,以某7层砖混结构为研究对象,实测隧道内、室外地面、结构楼板的振动响应,分析振动沿“隧道地面结构”的传递规律,并由此提出建筑物内环境振动超标可能的原因:隧道埋深浅、建筑与隧道距离近且处于同个土层使得土体对振动的衰减效果较差;结构部分楼板共振导致振动响应超过评价规定的室外地面和室内首层。进一步建立该砖混结构的有限元模型,采用实测柱底竖向加速度作为荷载,并对比实测楼板响应验证模型的准确性。模拟计算结果证实中间层及顶层楼板的放大效应,并通过分析获得了楼层数量、层高、板厚、墙厚参数对振动响应空间分布的影响。研究成果对砖混结构的环境振动评价具有一定参考价值。

地铁  /  环境振动  /  砖混结构  /  环境影响评价  /  数值模拟

This study addresses the environmental vibration issues of adjacent brickconcrete structures induced by subway operations, focusing on a 7story brickconcrete building as the primary investigation subject. Vibrations were measured at the tunnel, outdoor ground level, and various structural floors to analyze the propagation characteristics along the “tunnelgroundstructure" path. The study aims to identify reasons for vibration levels exceeding standards. Key factors contributing to the issue include the shallow depth of tunnel burial, the proximity of buildings to the tunnel, and their shared soil layer, resulting in inadequate vibration attenuation through the soil. Additionally, resonance effects within specific floor slabs of the structure contribute to vibration responses surpassing evaluation standards outdoors and on the first indoor floor. A finite element model of the brickconcrete structure was constructed using measured vertical accelerations at column bases as loads. The model's accuracy was validated against measured floor responses, confirming amplification effects on middle and upper floors. Parametric analysis explored the impacts of floor count, story height, slab thickness, and wall thickness on the spatial distribution of vibration responses. The findings from this study provide valuable insights for evaluating environmental vibrations in similar structures, offering guidance for mitigating effects and ensuring compliance with vibration standards.

subway  /  environmental vibration  /  brick-concrete structure  /  environmental impact assessment  /  numerical simulation
王振刚. 地铁诱发的砖混结构环境振动及传递规律研究. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (4) : 80 -82 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.012
Zhengang WANG. Environmental Vibration and Propagation Laws of Brick-Concrete Structures Induced by Subways[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (4) : 80 -82 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.012
随着我国城市轨道交通的迅速发展, 地铁近距离侧穿或者下穿建筑物不可避免。地铁在方便人们出行的同时,也导致了邻近建筑物内居民受到振动的影响 [ 1 ] 。 在城市中心区域(尤其是旧城区),砖混结构普遍存在。 地铁投运后对周边部分砖混建筑的实测结果表明存在振动超标问题。因此, 地铁导致的砖混结构环境振动是本研究关注的重点。
砖混结构作为我国 20 世纪住宅建筑广泛使用的一种结构类型, 目前仍大量存在于各个城市, 且随着服役时间的延长, 结构发生劣化, 更易受到环境振动的影响。与框架、框剪结构 [ 3 - 7 ] 不同的是,墙体是砖混结构的重要承重构件, 是车致振动的传递路径, 这使得地铁诱发的砖混结构振动传递规律与框架、框剪结构存在差异。砌体结构的墙体也有相似的影响。目前对于砖混结构或砌体结构车致振动响应, 国内外学者也开展了研究. XLA 等。对上海某地铁线路沿线砖混结构建立三维有限元模型,分析了振动响应分布; 裴强等 [ 9 ] 建立 5 层砌体结构的三维有限元模型,计算结构各层的振动响应; 李政等 [ 10 ] 建立车辆-轨道- 地层-砌体结构耦合模型, 分析砌体结构的模态特性和车致振动响应; 岳建勇 [ 11 ] 实测了一栋 6 层砖混结构的车致振动响应, 并提出有限元与无限元相结合的数值分析简化预估方法; 杨维国等 [ 12 ] 结合实测数据建立 “隧道-土体-保护建筑” 精细化三维数值模型, 对地铁运行引起的砖混结构振动响应进行评估。 上述文献对砖混结构的车致振动响应特性及预测方法进行了研究, 但目前地铁引起砖混结构振动问题还需进一步分析。
为揭示新建地铁周边建筑振动超标原因, 本文以地铁沿线某砖混建筑物为研究对象, 结合现场实测与数值模拟, 实测隧道内、室外地面、部分楼板的振动, 分析传递规律以及可能的超标原因;建立研究对象的三维有限元模型, 并加载实测柱底竖向加速度, 使用实测数据进行验证后, 计算了结构振动响应的空间分布规律, 参数化分析了楼层数量、层高、板厚、墙厚的影响规律。
选取地铁线路周边某 7 层砖混结构居民楼作为典型建筑进行现场测试及数值模拟研究, 如 图 1 所示。
建筑结构尺寸及相关参数如下: 层高约 3.2 m,地上 7 层,总高度 ${22.4}\mathrm{\;m}$ ; 基础类型为条形基础,埋深约 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。建筑外墙与线路中心线的水平距离为 ${10}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 相对位置如 图 2(a) 所示。地铁列车、轨道及隧道的参数如下: 地铁车型为 $\mathrm{B}$ 型车,实测平均车速 ${56}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ ; 隧道埋深 ${13}\mathrm{\;m}$ ; 设有弹性短轨枕。土层由上至下依次为杂填土(层厚 ${1.12}\mathrm{m}$ ,剪切波速 ${140}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ )、粉质黏土 (层厚 ${15.03}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,剪切波速 ${220}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ )、泥质粉砂岩(层厚 ${45.47}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,剪切波速 ${500}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ )。经计算,隧道及以上的土层剪切波速约为 ${266}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,属于中硬土。
调研结果表明, 该建筑的建设时间为 90 年代, 早于周边地铁建设, 并在地铁建设时进行了环境振动影响评价 [ 2 ] 。目前实地走访表明,建筑内住户能明显感受到地铁运行诱发的振动与噪声, 多次向相关部门投诉。因此, 本研究对该建筑及对应隧道断面进行了测试并评价, 结合有限元模型研究其车致振动传递规律, 分析此类砖混结构振动超标原因。
为评价典型建筑车致振动响应, 分析砖混结构振动传递规律, 并为后续数值模拟分析提供数据支撑, 在振源处、室外地面 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、柱底、楼板中心安装拾振器, 测量铅垂向振动。测点如 图 2 所示。该建筑每层 4 户,房间布局与结构尺寸镜像对称布置, 图 2(b) 中分别展示布置有测点的半边结构平面。
测试设备采用丹麦 B&K 土木工程振动与噪声测试系统,采样频率设为 ${500}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 。受限于传感器数量, 采用分步测试, 同时测量振源与地面、地面与楼板、 柱底与楼板共 3 个阶段的振动响应, 且每个测点记录 10 次列车数据 [ 13 ] 。结合实测数据,不同列车的离散性较小,可满足统计分析需要。
通过对比隧道壁及室外 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处振动,分析地铁振动传播中的频率变化。 图 3 为上述测点(VS-1、VG-1) 平均 1/3 倍频程谱对比结果(未进行 $\mathrm{Z}$ 计权,下同)。
图 3 分析可知, 振源经土体传至地面过程中, 土体中的衰减效果不明显, $5 \sim {63}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 频段的衰减量在 $5\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ 以下,其中 ${6.3}\sim {16}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 几乎不衰减。原因是结构距离地铁近(10m)、隧道埋深浅(13m)且基础与隧道处于同个土层(粉质黏土)。
图 4 为室内外测点(VG-1、V1F-1、V1F-2、V1F-3、 V1F-4、V1F-5)处平均 1/3 倍频程谱对比结果。
图 4 可以看出, $1 \sim {16}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 频段首层楼板振级基本相同,且室外地面振动大于室内,在 ${16}\sim {80}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处, 楼板在部分频段处的振级超过室外,书房 V1F-3、主卧V1F-4在 ${50}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处,餐厅V1F-1、客厅V1F-2在 ${63}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处振级达到最大且超出地面。
这一现象可能是由于车致振动传至建筑物在 ${50}\sim$ ${63}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 引起楼板共振,这与楼板的自振频率特性相关。 选取首层典型楼板(V1F-1)进行分析。 图 5 为环境激励下楼板响应的自功率谱, 表明该楼板的自振频率为 ${61.7}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$图 6 为某次列车通过时室外地面与该楼板振动响应的频谱对比。可以看出, 相比地面振动, 该楼板在自振频率附近(61.8Hz)出现明显峰值,验证了由于共振导致振动放大效应。
下面进一步对比分析 1 层与 5 层楼板的动力响应, 研究结构不同空间位置的振动。 图 7 为测点(V1F-1、 V1F-2、V5F-1、V5F-2)平均 1/3 倍频程谱对比结果。 由 图 7 可知,5 层楼板响应在 $1 \sim {25}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 的低频范围内相比首层有明显增大。在 ${50}\sim {80}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 振级随楼层增加而减小。这种振动空间分布规律与砖混结构整体模态的自振频率与振型特性相关。
参考该区间线路的环评报告, 振动评价采用 《城市区域环境振动标准》(GB 10070-88) [ 13 ] 中“交通干线道路两侧” 标准,评价位置为建筑室外 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 内及室内地面中央,评价量为 $\mathrm{Z}$ 振级 $V{L}_{\mathrm{Z}}$ ,昼间限值为 ${75}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$表 1 为该建筑物环境振动评价结果。
评价结果显示, 室内外测点的振动均有超标。个别车次数据表明, 在室外测点超标量较小的情况下, 室内部分楼板的振动可能比室外地面振动更大, 出现明显的超标现象。通过分析原因如下: 隧道埋深浅、 建筑与隧道距离近且处于同个土层使得土体对振动的衰减效果较差; 结构部分楼板共振导致振动响应超过评价规定的室外地面和室内首层。
本节建立研究对象的有限元模型, 加载实测柱底振动并进行参数化分析, 研究影响结构响应分布的因素及影响规律。
采用文献[ 14 ]提出的基于舒适度评价的结构精细化建模方法, 考虑弱振下非结构构件和局部构造对结构动力特性的影响建立模型。 表 2 为模型中结构构件材料参数取值。使用 ANSYS 软件建立模型, 梁、柱采用 BEAM188 单元,梁截面 ${240}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {240}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,柱截面 ${240}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {240}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ;楼板以及承重砖墙使用 SHELL181 单元,板厚 ${140}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,墙厚 ${240}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ; 单元尺寸为 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ; 约束模型底部边界; 采用 Rayleigh 阻尼, 阻尼比取值为 0.01 。建立的有限元模型如 图 8 所示。
考虑到地铁环境振动以竖向为主, 水平向加速度较小,且本研究主要分析楼板竖向振动,因此车致振动荷载使用实测柱底测点(VC-1)的竖向加速度, 采用大质量法加载,计算时间步长为 ${0.005}\mathrm{\;s}$ 。同步测得室外地面(VG-1)最大 $\mathrm{Z}$ 振级为 ${81.9}\mathrm{\;{dB}},5$ 层客厅(V5F-2) 楼板中心振动、频谱图峰值分别为 ${48.6}\text{、}{56}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$
通过对比实测与模拟结果验证结构模型的准确性。计算得到的 5 层第 3 户内楼板中心处测点(V5F-1、 V5F-2、V5F-3)的最大 $\mathrm{Z}$ 振级分别为 ${75.1}\text{、}{73.4}\text{、}{81.9}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ , 而实测值分别为 ${73.5}\text{、}{71.5}\text{、}{79.8}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ 。模拟值与实测值分别相差 1.6、1.9、2.1 dB,吻合良好。对于响应的频谱特性, 以客厅测点(V5F-2)为例, 实测与模拟的频谱结果(包络图)对比见 图 9
图 9 可以看出, 模拟得到的振动响应频谱与实测频率分布相似。在楼板自振频率附近, 模拟结构响应的卓越频率为 ${49.8}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$${56.8}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ ,与实测结果 ${48.3}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$${56.0}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 相比,相对误差在 $5\%$ 以下。但在 ${70}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 以上的较高频率模拟和实测仍存在差异, 原因可能是实际楼板装饰面层、附加质量(家具)等因素使楼板的自振频率特性更复杂。
综上所述, 本文建立的砖混结构有限元模型准确性满足环境振动分析的需要, 可用于后续分析。
基于验证后的数值模型, 分析振动响应的空间分布规律。 图 10 为各楼层全部楼板中心处振动响应的最大 $\mathrm{Z}$ 振级。由于采用的一致激励方法以及结构自身的对称性, 第 1 与第 3 户、第 2 与第 4 户对应楼板的振动响应相同。
图 10 分析可得到以下结论:相同平面位置处楼板的响应随楼层高度并非单调变化, 部分位置楼板振动随高度增加先增大后减小再增大, 在中间楼层(3 层或 4 层)和顶层出现振动放大现象。而 图 11 中典型位置楼板(第 1 户次卧房间楼板,下同)在不同楼层的 1/3 倍频程谱表明, 各层楼板振动响应的卓越频率并未发生明显变化。说明这种响应的分布规律与车致荷载激起的结构整体模态的振型特征有关。在振动放大区所在的楼层,最大 $\mathrm{Z}$ 振级能超过此时的室外地面振动水平(81.9 dB)。
动力特性是结构固有属性, 受结构参数的共同影响。本节基于上述验证后的数值模型, 通过参数化分析, 研究楼层数量、楼层高度、楼板厚度、墙体厚度等因素对振动响应分布规律的影响。
砖混结构的楼层数量通常为 2~7 层。不同楼层数量砖混结构竖向模态的振型存在差异。楼层数量越多, 建筑总高度越高, 结构的竖向自振频率越低, 在激励频率影响的范围内将出现更高阶的竖向振型, 从而导致振动响应分布的改变。本节研究楼层数量的影响规律,保持其他参数不变,只改变楼层数量为 2 层 $\sim 7$ 层, 计算楼板振动响应。
图 12 为振动响应的高度分布随楼层数量的变化规律。由图中可以看出, 楼层数量对楼板振动响应随高度的变化趋势存在明显影响。较少楼层数量的低层建筑顶部楼层的振动响应更大, 而随着楼层数量的增加多层建筑更有可能出现中间层放大的现象。
楼层高度对结构响应的影响机理与楼层数量的影响相似, 均通过改变结构的竖向整体模态, 从而影响车致振动响应的空间分布。本节研究层高的影响规律, 保持其他参数不变,只改变层高为 2.8、3.0、3.2、3.4、 ${3.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,计算楼板振动响应。
图 13 为典型楼板振动响应的高度分布随层高的变化。由图中可以看出, 层高变化对振动响应随高度的变化趋势影响较小,但会改变中间层放大区的增加值, 层高越矮, 放大效应越明显。
板厚的增加同时提高质量和刚度, 但主要改变楼板的局部模态。本节研究板厚的影响规律, 保持其他参数不变,只改变板厚为 ${100}\text{、}{120}\text{、}{140}\text{、}{160}\text{、}{180}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 计算楼板振动响应。
图 14 为典型楼板振动响应的高度分布随板厚的变化。由图中可以看出, 板厚变化对振动响应随高度的变化趋势影响较小, 但会明显改变各层楼板的振动响应水平,板厚越小,振动响应越大。
砖混结构的墙体是重要的竖向承重构件。墙厚的变化会影响结构的质量、刚度分布, 从而改变结构的竖向整体模态。本节研究墙厚的影响规律, 保持其他参数不变,只改变墙厚为 200、220、240、260、280 mm, 计算楼板振动响应。
图 15 为典型楼板振动响应的高度分布随墙厚的变化。由图中可以看出, 墙厚变化对振动响应随高度的变化趋势影响较小, 但墙体厚度对于低楼层放大区的楼板振动响应影响明显,墙厚越大,楼板振动响应越大。
针对某 7 层砖混结构, 本文通过现场实测和数值模拟研究了地铁导致的结构振动传递规律, 并分析得到了超标原因, 研究结论如下。
1) 地铁振动从隧道壁传递至地面及建筑物室内不同房间时, $1/3$ 倍频程谱在不同频段内的传递规律有所不同,隧道壁至地面过程中, $5 \sim {63}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 频段处振级衰减小,在 $5\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ 以下; 地面传至建筑内, $1 \sim {25}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 频段内振级先减小后随楼层升高而增大。
2) 地铁运营后周边典型建筑物有振动超标, 分析原因如下: 隧道埋深浅、建筑与隧道距离近且处于同个土层使得土体对振动的衰减效果较差; 由于地铁振动激励诱发结构部分楼板共振, 从而导致楼板发生较大的动力响应。
3) 目前环评中将室外地面 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处作为评价位置, 实测及数值分析表明即使室外地面振动评价结果未超标, 结构振动也可能超标。建议考虑结构振动最大的位置作为补充评价点。
4) 砖混结构的车致振动响应具有空间分布差异。 由于车致振动激励的频谱特性以及结构整体模态和楼板局部模态特性的影响, 振动最大位置不一定处于建筑底层, 而在中间楼层或顶层存在放大效应。对楼层数量、层高、板厚、墙厚 4 个影响因素的分析表明: 楼层数量对响应随高度变化趋势有明显影响, 决定了最大振动响应的出现位置; 层高和墙厚对放大区楼层的影响大于其他楼层; 板厚对所有楼层的动力响应产生影响。
  • 中国铁建股份有限公司科技研发计划项目(2022-A02)
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2024年第37卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.012
  • 接收时间:2024-04-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-04
  • 修回日期:2024-05-16
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中国铁建股份有限公司科技研发计划项目(2022-A02)
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    中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 武汉 430063
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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