Article(id=1149744613851841468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697817600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-21, revisedDate=1704816000000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050077164, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050077164, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050077164, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050077164, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149744594201523010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='177', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050072478, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780147518, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001054903685255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001054903685256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=117, endPage=124, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149744614158025670, articleId=1149744613851841468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Measurement and Analysis of Wheel–Rail Noise in Long-Span Bridges of Urban Rail Transit Systems, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigates the wheelrail noise characteristics of urban rail trains passing through longspan bridges, focusing on the Dongshuimen Bridge of the Chongqing Rail Transit Line 6 and the Chaotianmen Bridge of the Chongqing Rail Transit Loop Line. Noise measurement data were collected for trains passing over the bridges. This study analyzed and compared the spectral characteristics of noise, summarizing the relevant patterns. The results indicate that the wheelrail noise generated by rail trains on largespan bridges exhibits a widefrequency characteristic, with the sound pressure level spectrum curve showing a “high in the middle, low on both sides" pattern. The noise peak of steel truss arch bridges is concentrated at approximately 800 Hz, and the structural noise generates a relative peak in the range of 6380 Hz. In contrast, the noise peak of the steel truss girder cablestayed bridges is in a higher frequency range. The threespan continuous steel truss suspension arch bridge exhibits a wide and highamplitude noise spectrum, with its noise being significantly greater than that of the steel truss girder cablestayed bridge, particularly in the midto highfrequency range of wheelrail noise.

, correspAuthors=Hao ZHONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ting SHANG, Hao ZHONG, Sihang XIAO, Yunsen KONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149744637750985681, articleId=1149744613851841468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=城市轨道交通大跨度桥梁轮轨噪声实测与分析, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究城市轨道列车通过大跨度桥梁时的轮轨噪声特性,以重庆轨道交通6号线东水门长江大桥以及环线朝天门长江大桥为研究对象,采集列车通过大桥时的噪声实测数据,分析比较噪声频谱特性与能量特性,并总结规律。结果表明:大跨度桥上轨道列车产生的轮轨噪声呈现宽频特征,声压级频谱曲线呈现“中间高、两边低”的趋势;钢桁系杆结构的拱桥噪声峰值集中于800Hz处,并且结构噪声在63~80Hz范围内产生了一个相对峰值,而钢桁架梁斜拉桥的噪声峰值所在的频段更高;三跨连续钢桁系杆拱桥的噪声频谱宽、幅值大,其噪声远大于钢桁架梁斜拉桥,中高频段范围的轮轨噪声尤为显著。

, correspAuthors=钟昊, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
钟昊,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为轨道交通振动与噪声控制,
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尚婷,女,博士,副教授,主要从事车桥振动与噪声控制研究,

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Journal of traffic and transportation engineering, 2018, 18(2): 120-128., articleTitle=Characteristics and energies in different frequency bands of environmental noise in urban elevated rail, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154040277451924427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, awardId=城科字2020第4-6, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市建设科技项目(城科字2020第4-6), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154040273115013967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154040273123402576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, companyId=1154040273115013967, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Traffic & Transportation Chongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing 400074), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154040273127596881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, companyId=1154040273115013967, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆交通大学 交通运输学院 重庆 400074)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154040273207288660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154040273215677269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, companyId=1154040273207288660, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Chongqing Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401120), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154040273219871574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, companyId=1154040273207288660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 重庆市轨道交通(集团)有限公司 重庆 401120)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154040276122330009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Cross section diagram of measuring points on the Dongshuimen bridge, figureFileSmall=GyNZ0xUXnx1ApGZAXCmbNA==, figureFileBig=k98ugmb5VoU90W/uqUEzVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276185244571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=东水门大桥桥上测点横截面示意, figureFileSmall=GyNZ0xUXnx1ApGZAXCmbNA==, figureFileBig=k98ugmb5VoU90W/uqUEzVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276235576221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Schematic diagram of measuring points on the Dongshuimen bridge, figureFileSmall=P6eYzJPJwTYgwNggfz9zHg==, figureFileBig=8gF0yjdycDn5IZjoHnZMcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276281713567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=东水门大桥桥上测点示意, figureFileSmall=P6eYzJPJwTYgwNggfz9zHg==, figureFileBig=8gF0yjdycDn5IZjoHnZMcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276332045218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Cross section diagram of measuring points on the Chaotianmen bridge, figureFileSmall=5rqKhZXYstZPPBMYZtmRng==, figureFileBig=XEAo8P6jYGHeN4TdO8Q9HQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276382376869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=朝天门大桥桥上测点横截面示意, figureFileSmall=5rqKhZXYstZPPBMYZtmRng==, figureFileBig=XEAo8P6jYGHeN4TdO8Q9HQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276441097127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Schematic of the measuring points on the Chaotianmen bridge, figureFileSmall=R5t6lkC0IXruJN3XT0cXeQ==, figureFileBig=yiqLj1XY8l4aJ2KqLghE7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276487234473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=朝天门大桥桥上测点示意, figureFileSmall=R5t6lkC0IXruJN3XT0cXeQ==, figureFileBig=yiqLj1XY8l4aJ2KqLghE7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276537566123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Sound pressure $1/3$ octave results of the Dongshuimen Bridge, figureFileSmall=sB2QhfqNJL4F5wEdHBO6rQ==, figureFileBig=X2hv2rIKkAVzE/zguWVcqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276587897774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=东水门大桥 $1/3$ 倍频程曲线, figureFileSmall=sB2QhfqNJL4F5wEdHBO6rQ==, figureFileBig=X2hv2rIKkAVzE/zguWVcqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276650812336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Sound pressure $1/3$ octave results of the Chaotianmen Bridge, figureFileSmall=poFYKV6wp9mERsBbR3n9pQ==, figureFileBig=rwbUPEzgPov2pqKJJUl23g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276709532594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=朝天门大桥 $1/3$ 倍频程曲线, figureFileSmall=poFYKV6wp9mERsBbR3n9pQ==, figureFileBig=rwbUPEzgPov2pqKJJUl23g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276764058549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Noise difference between the Chaotianmen and Dongshuimen Bridges, figureFileSmall=uGTOSUB2+jslPgTv/VXtKw==, figureFileBig=mn7dOZjrefU7pYBvmXBTcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276839556023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=朝天门大桥与东水门大桥的噪声差值, figureFileSmall=uGTOSUB2+jslPgTv/VXtKw==, figureFileBig=mn7dOZjrefU7pYBvmXBTcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276902470584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Noise energy ratios of the Dongshuimen Bridge in different frequency ranges, figureFileSmall=LGzrYHOel2PkvsInT8oFHw==, figureFileBig=kN5ULdCldXE1KGqsESl8Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040276982162362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=CN, label=图 8, caption=东水门大桥不同频率范围内的噪声能量比, figureFileSmall=LGzrYHOel2PkvsInT8oFHw==, figureFileBig=kN5ULdCldXE1KGqsESl8Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040277024105404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Noise energy ratios of the Chaotianmen Bridge in different frequency ranges, figureFileSmall=4REgCrw9UdCYW25V/B43Yw==, figureFileBig=qgWC/rGAKLdtnYFrDnJByQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040277082825662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=CN, label=图 9, caption=朝天门大桥不同频率范围内的噪声能量比, figureFileSmall=4REgCrw9UdCYW25V/B43Yw==, figureFileBig=qgWC/rGAKLdtnYFrDnJByQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040277137351616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Measuring points of the Dongshuimen bridge, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点 编号 与右侧轨道 中心线距离/m 布设位置 与轨道距离/m
中跨 跨中 S11 2.5 轨道板侧护网 0.3
S12 1.5
S13 3.8 桁架侧护网 1.5
S14 3.5
边跨 跨中 S21 2.5 轨道板侧护网 0.3
S22 1.5
S23 3.8 桁架侧护网 1.5
S24 3.5
), ArticleFig(id=1154040277191877570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=东水门大桥桥上测点位置, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点 编号 与右侧轨道 中心线距离/m 布设位置 与轨道距离/m
中跨 跨中 S11 2.5 轨道板侧护网 0.3
S12 1.5
S13 3.8 桁架侧护网 1.5
S14 3.5
边跨 跨中 S21 2.5 轨道板侧护网 0.3
S22 1.5
S23 3.8 桁架侧护网 1.5
S24 3.5
), ArticleFig(id=1154040277254792132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613851841468, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Measuring points of the Chaotianmen bridge, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点 编号 与左侧轨道距离/m 与轨顶面距离/m
中跨 跨中 S11 2.2 0.3
S12 0.9
S13 1.8
边跨 跨中 S21 0.3
S22 0.9
S23 1.8
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测点 编号 与左侧轨道距离/m 与轨顶面距离/m
中跨 跨中 S11 2.2 0.3
S12 0.9
S13 1.8
边跨 跨中 S21 0.3
S22 0.9
S23 1.8
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城市轨道交通大跨度桥梁轮轨噪声实测与分析
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尚婷 1, 2 , 钟昊 1 , 肖思航 1 , 孔云森 2
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(3): 117-124
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(3): 117-124
城市轨道交通大跨度桥梁轮轨噪声实测与分析
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尚婷1, 2 , 钟昊1 , 肖思航1, 孔云森2
作者信息
  • 1 重庆交通大学 交通运输学院 重庆 400074
  • 2 重庆市轨道交通(集团)有限公司 重庆 401120
  • 尚婷,女,博士,副教授,主要从事车桥振动与噪声控制研究,

通讯作者:

钟昊,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为轨道交通振动与噪声控制,
Measurement and Analysis of Wheel–Rail Noise in Long-Span Bridges of Urban Rail Transit Systems
Ting SHANG1, 2 , Hao ZHONG1 , Sihang XIAO1, Yunsen KONG2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Traffic & Transportation Chongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing 400074
  • 2 Chongqing Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401120
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.016
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为探究城市轨道列车通过大跨度桥梁时的轮轨噪声特性,以重庆轨道交通6号线东水门长江大桥以及环线朝天门长江大桥为研究对象,采集列车通过大桥时的噪声实测数据,分析比较噪声频谱特性与能量特性,并总结规律。结果表明:大跨度桥上轨道列车产生的轮轨噪声呈现宽频特征,声压级频谱曲线呈现“中间高、两边低”的趋势;钢桁系杆结构的拱桥噪声峰值集中于800Hz处,并且结构噪声在63~80Hz范围内产生了一个相对峰值,而钢桁架梁斜拉桥的噪声峰值所在的频段更高;三跨连续钢桁系杆拱桥的噪声频谱宽、幅值大,其噪声远大于钢桁架梁斜拉桥,中高频段范围的轮轨噪声尤为显著。

城市轨道交通  /  噪声特性  /  能量分析  /  大跨度桥梁  /  轮轨噪声

This study investigates the wheelrail noise characteristics of urban rail trains passing through longspan bridges, focusing on the Dongshuimen Bridge of the Chongqing Rail Transit Line 6 and the Chaotianmen Bridge of the Chongqing Rail Transit Loop Line. Noise measurement data were collected for trains passing over the bridges. This study analyzed and compared the spectral characteristics of noise, summarizing the relevant patterns. The results indicate that the wheelrail noise generated by rail trains on largespan bridges exhibits a widefrequency characteristic, with the sound pressure level spectrum curve showing a “high in the middle, low on both sides" pattern. The noise peak of steel truss arch bridges is concentrated at approximately 800 Hz, and the structural noise generates a relative peak in the range of 6380 Hz. In contrast, the noise peak of the steel truss girder cablestayed bridges is in a higher frequency range. The threespan continuous steel truss suspension arch bridge exhibits a wide and highamplitude noise spectrum, with its noise being significantly greater than that of the steel truss girder cablestayed bridge, particularly in the midto highfrequency range of wheelrail noise.

urban rail transit  /  noise characteristics  /  energy analysis  /  long-span bridge  /  wheel-rail noise
尚婷, 钟昊, 肖思航, 孔云森. 城市轨道交通大跨度桥梁轮轨噪声实测与分析. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (3) : 117 -124 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.016
Ting SHANG, Hao ZHONG, Sihang XIAO, Yunsen KONG. Measurement and Analysis of Wheel–Rail Noise in Long-Span Bridges of Urban Rail Transit Systems[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (3) : 117 -124 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.016
随着我国城市化进程的加速, 轨道交通在解决城市拥堵问题方面扮演着更加重要的角色。然而, 由此产生的噪声也影响着人民的生活。噪声污染不仅会导致烦恼和睡眠障碍,还会导致心脏病发作、学习障碍和耳鸣 [ 1 ] 。由于地形的限制,大跨度桥梁在轨道交通中应用较为广泛, 噪声问题尤为突出, 有必要系统地研究城市大跨度轨道桥的交通噪声问题。
许多学者对轨道交通噪声进行了一系列的监测和研究。冉勍等 [ 2 ] 通过噪声实验分析了不同车速下轻轨列车内外噪声及声场分布特征;于龙波等 [ 3 ] 通过偏相干理论构建了仿真模型, 并进一步分析了特定频段的噪声来源及桥梁各板件的贡献程度; 李大勇等[ 4 ]对轨道噪声进行了测试, 分析了各频段噪声来源并提出了相应的降噪措施;杨宜谦等。基于城市轨道交通的实测振动数据, 总结了轨道交通地下线的振动源机理和时频特性; 宋晓东等 [ 6 ] 采用车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合振动模型计算 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁的振动响应,基于两种振动模型进行噪声预测并比较分析了计算结果; $\mathrm{{Qi}}$ [ 7 ] 应用三维振动声学有限元方法获得桥梁和钢轨在多组力作用下辐射的噪声,对比分析了箱梁和 $\mathrm{U}$ 形梁的噪声特性; Song 等 [ 8 ] 模拟预测了多跨桥梁的辐射噪声并对比了实测数据,具有较好的匹配效果; 王兴文等 [ 9 ] 基于几何声线法构造了辐射噪声预测模型, 量化分析了激励源大小对辐射噪声的影响;李奇等 [ 10 ] 采用二维声场模型的方法探究了不同桥梁形式的公轨两用桥对噪声分布的影响; 谭文等 [ 11 ] 探讨了轨道交通高架线路噪声控制标准, 提出了一些补充建议, 弥补了现有标准的不足。
以上研究在城市轨道交通的噪声分析、预测及控制等方面取得了较多成果, 但研究多以简支梁桥、混凝土轨道桥等为主,对大跨度钢结构桥的研究较少, 且模型构建较少与实测数据结合。现选取重庆市东水门长江大桥与朝天门长江大桥, 对桥梁噪声监测结果进行统计分析, 以期为城市轨道交通大跨度桥梁的规划建设和噪声控制提供理论支持。
在对轨道交通噪声现场测试中, 本文主要采用了精度较高和应用较广的爱华 AWA6228+型多功能声级计和爱华 AWA6021A 声级校准器, 可测量瞬时或等效连续的 $\mathrm{A}$ 计权声级、 $\mathrm{Z}$ 计权声级和频谱分布等。
东水门长江大桥是一座公轨两用钢桁架梁斜拉桥。大桥采用斜拉桥双塔单索面设计,桥梁全长 ${1124}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 其中主桥采用双层桁架梁,长 ${858}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,桥身为三跨布局,主跨长 445 m,桥面总宽 24~39.2 m。运行车辆类型符合地铁 $\mathrm{B}$ 型车标准。经现场勘察,其测点布置如 表 1图 1图 2 所示。
朝天门长江大桥为公轨两用三跨连续钢桁系杆结构的特大型拱桥。大桥主跨达 ${552}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,桥面宽 ${36.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 全长 ${1741}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。其中主桥长 ${932}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,南北引桥分别为 ${495}\mathrm{\;m}$${314}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。运行车辆类型符合地铁山地城市 $\mathrm{A}$ 型车标准。经现场勘察, 其测点布置如 表 2图 3图 4 所示。
由于 $\mathrm{A}$ 计权能较好地模拟人耳对声音的响应,并且桥上测试噪声主要为轮轨噪声,主要集中在 100~ ${5000}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 之间 [ 12 ] 。因此本文采用 $\mathrm{A}$ 计权绘制 $1/3$ 倍频程曲线并进一步分析。
图 5 所示, 高峰时, 中跨跨中 4 个测点峰值所在的频率都位于 ${1600}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处,分别为 ${76.65}\text{、}{76.38}\text{、}{74.33}$${74.48}\mathrm{\;{dB}}\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ 。边跨跨中 4 个测点峰值所在的频率都位于 ${3150}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处,分别为 ${75.05}\text{、}{75.23}\text{、}{74.22}\text{、}{73.50}\mathrm{\;{dB}}\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$
平峰时, 中跨跨中 4 个测点峰值所在的频率都位于 ${1600}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处,分别为 ${74.78}\text{、}{74.40}\text{、}{72.65}\text{、}{73.02}\mathrm{\;{dB}}\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ 。 边跨跨中的 $\mathrm{S}{21}$ 测点峰值位于 ${800}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处,为 ${71.30}\mathrm{\;{dB}}\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ ; 其他测点峰值所在的频率都位于 ${3150}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处,分别为 ${72.05}\text{、}{70.95}\text{、}{70.63}\mathrm{\;{dB}}\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ 。测点峰值的排序为: S11> S12>S14>S13, S22>S21>S23>S24。
将实测声压级峰值 ${10}\mathrm{\;{dB}}\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ 的动态范围定义为噪声的显著频率区段。综合平峰与高峰数据, 东水门大桥的噪声显著频段为 ${400}\sim {3150}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 。各个区域声压级曲线的变化规律在不同频段下基本一致。低频噪声较小,而高频噪声较大。边跨的噪声值在 ${3150}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 附近有一个急剧的上升。边跨峰值所在的频率更大, 而声压级有一定的减小。各个测点的声压级值在 ${60}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 之前快速增加,在 ${3150}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 后快速降低,在噪声显著频段内波动较小。同时,随着测点位置的远离,噪声值大小有一定下降。与竖向距离的增加相比, 横向距离的增加使得噪声大小降低得更快。
图 6 所示, 高峰与平峰时, 中跨跨中和边跨跨中测点峰值所在的频率都位于 ${800}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处,高峰时的 $\mathrm{S}{11}$ 、 S12、S13 峰值分别为 77.37、75.68、77.93 dB(A);S21、 S22、S23 峰值分别为 80.76、80.15、80.68 dB(A)。平峰时的 S11、S12、S13 峰值分别为 73.91、71.16、74.70 dB(A); S21、S22、S23 峰值分别为 78.44、77.94、78.82 dB(A)。
朝天门大桥的噪声峰值集中在 ${800}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ ,且变化规律在不同频段下基本一致。在中高频段噪声曲线约为抛物线, 且变化幅度小, 曲线相对平滑。将实测声压级峰值 ${10}\mathrm{\;{dB}}\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ 动态范围定义为噪声的显著频率区段。 综合高峰数据,朝天门大桥的噪声显著频段为 ${200}\sim$ ${3150}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ ; 而平峰时,朝天门大桥的边跨噪声显著频段为 ${200}\sim {2500}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ ,中跨噪声显著频段为 ${160}\sim$ ${3150}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 。如 图 6 可知, ${63}\sim {80}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 附近产生了一个由结构噪声导致的声压级峰值, 这与桥梁类型有关。因此与东水门大桥相比,朝天门大桥低频段噪声更大且显著频段的下限更低。此外, 中跨跨中的 S12 与边跨跨中的 S22 测点不管是在高峰还是平峰, 都是 3 个测点中噪声值最小的, 这可能与轮轨噪声的传播规律以及车轮的声指向性有关。
以高峰时段两种桥型下中跨跨中与边跨跨中的声压级数据为对比,绘制如 图 7 所示的频谱差值曲线。 其中, 差值为正代表朝天门大桥在该频率的声压级大于东水门大桥。
图 7 中可以看出, 总体上朝天门大桥的轮轨噪声更大,只在40、50、 ${100}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$${3150}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处声压级小于东水门大桥的噪声。与边跨相比, 中跨的声压级波动较小,中跨的差值最大为 ${7.79}\mathrm{{dB}}\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ ,边跨的差值最大为 ${11.01}\mathrm{\;{dB}}\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ 。在 ${200}\sim {1000}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 频段,差值频谱曲线较为稳定。与东水门大桥相比, 朝天门大桥跨径更大, 受力更加复杂。未来可以进一步研究东水门大桥噪声较小的原因, 为大跨度桥的减振降噪提供指导。
由于轮轨噪声与桥梁振动噪声在频谱上存在差异, 本文计算了各频段声能量占总能量的比值, 以此反映测点声压的特点, 从而为针对性地采取减振降噪措施提供指导。参考李莉等 [ 13 ] 相关研究,考虑到桥梁噪声主要集中在 ${250}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 以内,轮轨噪声主要分布在 ${250}\sim {5000}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 之间,且大于 ${1000}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 的噪声能量下降很快。因此,将噪声能量分为低频段 $\left({{20}\sim {250}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}}\right)$ 、 中高频段( ${250}\sim {1000}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ )及高频段( ${1000}\sim {5000}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ ) 3 个频段进行研究。根据频段分析结果, 计算不同频段占噪声总能量的比例, 其计算公式为:
${\eta }_{i}= \frac{{E}_{{L}_{i}}}{{E}_{T}}= \frac{{P}_{{L}_{i}}^{2}}{{P}_{T}^{2}}= {10}^{{0.1}\left({{L}_{i}- {L}_{T}}\right)} $
${L}_{T}= {10}\lg \left({\mathop{\sum }\limits_{m}{10}^{{0.1}{L}_{m}}}\right)$
式中, ${\eta }_{i}$ 为第 $i$ 个频段声能量占总声能量的比例; ${E}_{{L}_{i}}$ 为第 $i$ 个频段声能量; ${E}_{T}$ 为所有频带总声能量; ${P}_{{L}_{i}}$ 为第 $i$ 个频段声压; ${P}_{T}$ 为总声压; ${L}_{i}$$i$ 个频段总声压级; ${L}_{T}$ 为总声压级; ${L}_{m}$ 为第 $m$ 个频带的声压级。
以朝天门大桥 S23 测点高峰时段的全频段噪声能量为基准,其在可听范围内的总线性声压级约为 ${88.24}\mathrm{\;{dB}}\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$ 。噪声能量比率即为其他各测点各频段的能量与该点能量的比值, 计算各测点在不同频段的能量比率并绘制相应的三维图。
图 8 可以看出, 东水门大桥测点高频段的能量占比最高,在高峰时中跨跨中均值达到了 12.64%,边跨跨中均值达到了 10.10%,在平峰时中跨跨中均值达到了 8.20%,边跨跨中均值为 5.82%;其次为中高频段, 中高频段能量占比与高频段差距较小;占比最少的是低频段。高峰时中跨跨中的总能量均值为 ${23.94}\%$ ,边跨跨中总能量均值为 ${18.63}\%$ 。平峰时中跨跨中的总能量均值为 15.43%,边跨跨中总能量均值为 11.20%。
中跨总能量均值高于边跨, 这可能是由于列车经过中跨时桥梁振动高于边跨, 对噪声监测结果产生了一定的影响。高峰总能量值更大是由于载客人数更多导致的。此外, 随着测点距轨面距离的增加, 总能量值逐渐减小。低频段噪声能量占比随竖向距离的增大而减小,随横向距离的增大先增加后减小。中高频段和高频段噪声能量占比都随距离的增大而减小。由以上分析可知, 东水门长江大桥的轮轨噪声主要集中在高频段和中高频段;各测点在各频段范围内的能量比率起伏较小, 具有良好的稳定性。
图 9 可以看出, 朝天门大桥测点中高频段的能量占比最高,在高峰时中跨跨中均值达到了 32.68%, 边跨跨中均值为 64.17%,在平峰时中跨跨中均值达到了 14.24%,边跨跨中均值为 39.39%;其次为高频段, 中高频段能量占比与高频段差距较大, 且平峰以及边跨的中高频段能量值占总能量的比值更大; 占比最少的是低频段。相同测点在平峰与高峰时段能量占比相似, S12<S11<S13, S22<S21<S23, 这可能是由于车轮的声指向性导致的。与 S22 测点相比, S12 测点与其他两个位置测点总能量差距更大。S13 与 S23 测点的总能量值比其他测点大, 这可能是轮轨噪声与桥梁结构反射导致的。高峰时中跨跨中的总能量均值为 60.15%,边跨跨中总能量均值为 95.88%;平峰时中跨跨中的总能量均值为 24.25%,边跨跨中总能量均值为 58.48%。边跨跨中的总能量值更大, 产生这种现象的原因有待进一步分析。高峰总能量值更大是由于载客人数更多导致的。以上分析可知, 朝天门长江大桥的轮轨噪声主要集中在中高频段。
基于重庆东水门长江大桥以及朝天门长江大桥的实测噪声数据, 分析讨论其轮轨噪声的频域及能量特性, 得到主要结论如下。
1) 城市轨道交通大跨度桥梁的轮轨噪声呈现宽频特征,两种桥型的共同显著频段为 ${400}\sim {3150}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 。 实测的声压级频谱曲线均呈现“中间高、两边低”的趋势, 中高频段的噪声决定了总声压级的大小。
2) 朝天门长江大桥受桥梁类型的影响, 结构噪声在 ${63}\sim {80}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 段产生了一个相对峰值,低频段噪声更大且显著频段的下限更低。相比于桥梁中跨, 边跨噪声更加显著, 对桥梁周边的影响更大。
3)东水门长江大桥的轮轨噪声主要集中在高频段和中高频段, 朝天门长江大桥的轮轨噪声主要集中在中高频段。
4) 朝天门大桥所采用的三跨连续钢桁系杆拱桥的噪声频谱宽、幅值大,中高频段范围的轮轨噪声尤为显著, 其噪声远大于东水门大桥的钢桁架梁斜拉桥, 建议在大跨度轨道桥的规划设计中予以重点关注。
本研究仅对轨道交通大跨度桥梁的轮轨噪声进行初步探索, 未来可以借助数值分析手段从桥梁的结构、 索距、倾角等方面深入分析两座桥梁噪声差异的内在原因, 为桥梁的减振降噪提供指导。
  • 重庆市建设科技项目(城科字2020第4-6)
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2024年第37卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.016
  • 接收时间:2023-10-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-21
  • 修回日期:2024-01-10
基金
重庆市建设科技项目(城科字2020第4-6)
作者信息
    1 重庆交通大学 交通运输学院 重庆 400074
    2 重庆市轨道交通(集团)有限公司 重庆 401120

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钟昊,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为轨道交通振动与噪声控制,
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