Article(id=1149744613675680697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590489568247, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1689436800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050077121, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050077121, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050077121, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050077121, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149744590489568247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='145', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050071594, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780157843, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001098214068362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590489568247, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001098214068363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590489568247, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=106, endPage=115, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149744613914756029, articleId=1149744613675680697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Safety Analysis of a Shield Tunnel Segment with a Cavity behind Lining, Considering the Influence of the Joints, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the influence of a cavity on a shield tunnel, a refined numerical model of a shield tunnel, considering ring and longitudinal joints, is established. The variation law of the internal force, deformation, and section safety factor of the segment are investigated under various conditions, such as the depth, area, and location of the cavity. Additionally, the influence of different assembly points of the segment on a tunnel with a cavity behind it is discussed. The results indicate that the order of the adverse effects of cavities at different positions behind the tunnel on structural safety is tunnel waist > tunnel bottom > tunnel top. When the cavity area is 5.0 m², with an increase in the cavity depth, the bending moment and safety factor of the tunnel section at the center of the tunnel top or bottom cavity first decrease and then increase in the opposite direction, and the ellipticity of the segment first decreases to 0 and then increases in the opposite direction. The bending moment is reversed when the cavity depth was 0.3 m or 0.2 m. The safety factor of the section at the center of the left tunnel waist cavity decreases continuously, and the ellipticity of the duct piece and the bending moment increase significantly. When the cavity depth is 0.5 m, the bending moment of the tunnel section at the center of the cavity at the top or bottom of the tunnel is reversed when the cavity area is 3.75 m². The existence of circumferential joints within the cavity reduces the internal force of the tunnel section at the center of the cavity and improves its safety factor. However, its maximum joint opening is 2.03.5 times that of a cavity without a joint. The results provide a reference for the safety evaluation of the cavity behind the lining of a shield tunnel and the selection of assembly points.

, correspAuthors=Menghao HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yufeng SHI, Menghao HU, Yuhang ZHOU, Zhanjun HUANG, Daxin GENG, Dajun GU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149744640720552116, articleId=1149744613675680697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=含壁后空洞盾构隧道管片安全分析, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究空洞对盾构隧道的影响机理,通过建立考虑环、纵向接头的盾构隧道精细化数值模型,研究不同空洞深度、面积、位置等多种情况下管片内力、变形及截面安全系数的变化规律,并探讨管片不同拼装点位对含壁后空洞隧道的影响。研究结果表明:隧道壁后不同位置空洞对结构安全不利影响的排序为:隧腰>隧底>隧顶;空洞面积为5.0 m²时,随空洞深度增加,隧顶或隧底空洞中心处隧道截面弯矩及安全系数呈先减小后反向增大的趋势,且管片椭变先减小至0后反向增大,弯矩分别在空洞深0.3、0.2m时反弯,左隧腰空洞中心处截面安全系数不断降低,管片椭变及弯矩大幅提升;空洞深度为0.5m时,隧顶或隧底空洞中心处隧道截面弯矩均在空洞面积3.75m²时反弯;空洞范围内存在纵缝会降低空洞中心处隧道截面内力并提升其安全系数,但其最大张开为空洞内无接缝时的2.0~3.5倍。研究成果可为盾构隧道壁后空洞安全评价、拼装点位选取提供参考。

, correspAuthors=胡梦豪, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
胡梦豪,男,硕士研究生,主要从事隧道与地下工程领域的研究,
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石钰锋,男,博士,教授,主要从事隧道与地下工程领域的研究与教学工作,

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Tunnel construction, 2016, 36(12): 1507-1511., articleTitle=Accurate detection technologies for larger hollows behind linings of operating railway tunnel, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154040345055715510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613675680697, awardId=42177162, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学面上项目(42177162), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154040340198711327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613675680697, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154040340202905632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613675680697, companyId=1154040340198711327, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Civil Engineering and Construction East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154040340211294241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613675680697, companyId=1154040340198711327, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 华东交通大学 土木建筑学院 南昌 330013)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154040340278403107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613675680697, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154040340286791716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613675680697, companyId=1154040340278403107, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Jiangxi Architectural Design Institute Co., Ltd. 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ArticleFig(id=1154040344564981929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613675680697, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Model mechanical parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件 类型 材料类型 弹性模 量/GPa 泊松 比 屈服强 度/MPa 重度/ 摩擦 角 膨胀 角
盾构 管片 C50 混凝土 34.5 0.2 - 26 - -
环向 螺栓 6.8/M27 高强螺栓 210 0.3 480 79 - -
纵向 螺栓 6.8/M24 高强螺栓 210 0.3 480 79 - -
钢筋 笼 HRB400/ HPB300 钢筋 210 0.3 400/300 79 - -
围岩 砂土 0.03 0.3 - 18.6 31.2 10.0
), ArticleFig(id=1154040344623702187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613675680697, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=模型力学参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件 类型 材料类型 弹性模 量/GPa 泊松 比 屈服强 度/MPa 重度/ 摩擦 角 膨胀 角
盾构 管片 C50 混凝土 34.5 0.2 - 26 - -
环向 螺栓 6.8/M27 高强螺栓 210 0.3 480 79 - -
纵向 螺栓 6.8/M24 高强螺栓 210 0.3 480 79 - -
钢筋 笼 HRB400/ HPB300 钢筋 210 0.3 400/300 79 - -
围岩 砂土 0.03 0.3 - 18.6 31.2 10.0
), ArticleFig(id=1154040344728559789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613675680697, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=List of working condition settings, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
空洞尺寸 空洞位置
${5.0} \times ({0.1}\text{、}{0.2}\text{、}{0.3}\text{、}{0.4}\text{、}{0.5}\text{、}{1.0}$ 、 1.5、2.0、2.5) 隧顶
左隧腰
隧底
$\left( {{1.25}\text{、}{2.5}\text{、}{3.75}\text{、}{5.0}}\right) \times {0.5}$ 隧顶
左隧腰
隧底
), ArticleFig(id=1154040344791474351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613675680697, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=工况设置, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
空洞尺寸 空洞位置
${5.0} \times ({0.1}\text{、}{0.2}\text{、}{0.3}\text{、}{0.4}\text{、}{0.5}\text{、}{1.0}$ 、 1.5、2.0、2.5) 隧顶
左隧腰
隧底
$\left( {{1.25}\text{、}{2.5}\text{、}{3.75}\text{、}{5.0}}\right) \times {0.5}$ 隧顶
左隧腰
隧底
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空洞 位置 有无 空洞 空洞内有无接缝/ 拼装点位 空洞中心处隧道 截面安全系数 接缝张开 极值/mm
隧顶 无/B 10.8 0.05
有/A 11.21 0.06
无/B 5.56 0.28
有/A 13.80 0.52
隧腰 无/C 9.05 0.05
有/A 9.52 0.04
无/C 2.50 2.45
有/A 3.70 5.16
隧底 无/A 7.53 0.05
有/D 9.34 0.09
无/A 6.95 0.67
有/D 7.39 2.35
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空洞 位置 有无 空洞 空洞内有无接缝/ 拼装点位 空洞中心处隧道 截面安全系数 接缝张开 极值/mm
隧顶 无/B 10.8 0.05
有/A 11.21 0.06
无/B 5.56 0.28
有/A 13.80 0.52
隧腰 无/C 9.05 0.05
有/A 9.52 0.04
无/C 2.50 2.45
有/A 3.70 5.16
隧底 无/A 7.53 0.05
有/D 9.34 0.09
无/A 6.95 0.67
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含壁后空洞盾构隧道管片安全分析
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石钰锋 1, 2 , 胡梦豪 1 , 周宇航 1, 2 , 黃展军 3 , 耿大新 1 , 顾大均 4
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(2): 106-115
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(2): 106-115
含壁后空洞盾构隧道管片安全分析
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石钰锋1, 2 , 胡梦豪1 , 周宇航1, 2, 黃展军3, 耿大新1, 顾大均4
作者信息
  • 1 华东交通大学 土木建筑学院 南昌 330013
  • 2 华东交通大学江西建筑设计院有限公司 南昌 330013
  • 3 南昌轨道交通集团有限公司 南昌 330199
  • 4 中国铁路南昌局集团有限公司 南昌 330009
  • 石钰锋,男,博士,教授,主要从事隧道与地下工程领域的研究与教学工作,

通讯作者:

胡梦豪,男,硕士研究生,主要从事隧道与地下工程领域的研究,
Safety Analysis of a Shield Tunnel Segment with a Cavity behind Lining, Considering the Influence of the Joints
Yufeng SHI1, 2 , Menghao HU1 , Yuhang ZHOU1, 2, Zhanjun HUANG3, Daxin GENG1, Dajun GU4
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil Engineering and Construction East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013
  • 2 Jiangxi Architectural Design Institute Co., Ltd. Nanchang 330013
  • 3 Nanchang Rail Transit Co., Ltd. Nanchang 330199
  • 4 China Railway Nanchang Group Co., Ltd. Nanchang 330009
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.016
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为探究空洞对盾构隧道的影响机理,通过建立考虑环、纵向接头的盾构隧道精细化数值模型,研究不同空洞深度、面积、位置等多种情况下管片内力、变形及截面安全系数的变化规律,并探讨管片不同拼装点位对含壁后空洞隧道的影响。研究结果表明:隧道壁后不同位置空洞对结构安全不利影响的排序为:隧腰>隧底>隧顶;空洞面积为5.0 m²时,随空洞深度增加,隧顶或隧底空洞中心处隧道截面弯矩及安全系数呈先减小后反向增大的趋势,且管片椭变先减小至0后反向增大,弯矩分别在空洞深0.3、0.2m时反弯,左隧腰空洞中心处截面安全系数不断降低,管片椭变及弯矩大幅提升;空洞深度为0.5m时,隧顶或隧底空洞中心处隧道截面弯矩均在空洞面积3.75m²时反弯;空洞范围内存在纵缝会降低空洞中心处隧道截面内力并提升其安全系数,但其最大张开为空洞内无接缝时的2.0~3.5倍。研究成果可为盾构隧道壁后空洞安全评价、拼装点位选取提供参考。

轨道交通  /  盾构隧道  /  壁后空洞  /  数值模拟  /  安全系数  /  内力

To explore the influence of a cavity on a shield tunnel, a refined numerical model of a shield tunnel, considering ring and longitudinal joints, is established. The variation law of the internal force, deformation, and section safety factor of the segment are investigated under various conditions, such as the depth, area, and location of the cavity. Additionally, the influence of different assembly points of the segment on a tunnel with a cavity behind it is discussed. The results indicate that the order of the adverse effects of cavities at different positions behind the tunnel on structural safety is tunnel waist > tunnel bottom > tunnel top. When the cavity area is 5.0 m², with an increase in the cavity depth, the bending moment and safety factor of the tunnel section at the center of the tunnel top or bottom cavity first decrease and then increase in the opposite direction, and the ellipticity of the segment first decreases to 0 and then increases in the opposite direction. The bending moment is reversed when the cavity depth was 0.3 m or 0.2 m. The safety factor of the section at the center of the left tunnel waist cavity decreases continuously, and the ellipticity of the duct piece and the bending moment increase significantly. When the cavity depth is 0.5 m, the bending moment of the tunnel section at the center of the cavity at the top or bottom of the tunnel is reversed when the cavity area is 3.75 m². The existence of circumferential joints within the cavity reduces the internal force of the tunnel section at the center of the cavity and improves its safety factor. However, its maximum joint opening is 2.03.5 times that of a cavity without a joint. The results provide a reference for the safety evaluation of the cavity behind the lining of a shield tunnel and the selection of assembly points.

rail transit  /  shield tunnel  /  cavity  /  numerical simulation  /  safety coefficient  /  internal force
石钰锋, 胡梦豪, 周宇航, 黃展军, 耿大新, 顾大均. 含壁后空洞盾构隧道管片安全分析. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (2) : 106 -115 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.016
Yufeng SHI, Menghao HU, Yuhang ZHOU, Zhanjun HUANG, Daxin GENG, Dajun GU. Safety Analysis of a Shield Tunnel Segment with a Cavity behind Lining, Considering the Influence of the Joints[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (2) : 106 -115 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.016
隧道衬砌壁后空洞是隧道运营中最常见的病害之一,空洞的存在会导致衬砌结构在局部产生内力变化, 易使衬砌产生开裂、破损、渗漏水等不同程度的病害。 盾构法施工时, 受盾构机掘进姿态不佳、注浆不密实、 浆液收缩等影响, 盾构隧道壁后亦可能产生空洞, 影响隧道施工及运营安全, 因此, 探究地层空洞影响下盾构隧道结构的力学响应规律具有重要意义。
目前, 学者们大多采用模型试验、数值模拟及理论推导手段研究含壁后空洞隧道的力学响应规律。 ZHANG 等 [ 1 ] 采用模型试验和数值模拟手段研究空洞周围有裂缝衬砌的破坏过程, 得出隧道的破坏模式及内在机理。郑艾辰等 [ 2 ] 采用模型试验和数值模型手段研究空洞对二次衬砌安全性的影响规律。 $\mathrm{{YE}}$ [ 3 ] 采用模型试验和数值分析手段研究空洞面积和分布对衬砌结构内力和接触压力的影响。鲍彤等 [ 4 ] 依托实际工程建立相应的三维数值模型, 探究空洞几何尺寸对衬砌结构内力及安全性的变化规律。
上述空洞对隧道衬砌结构安全影响的研究主要集中于山岭隧道。近年来, 地铁盾构隧道发展加快, 一些学者也开始关注地层空洞对盾构隧道结构的内力及安全性的影响。王十民等因基于渐进性破坏理论,采用模型试验方法, 探究地层空洞缺陷对盾构隧道管片渐进性破坏失稳过程的影响规律。陈誉升等 [ 6 ] 基于某轨道交通区间盾构隧道工程, 探究空洞病害对盾构隧道地震易损性的影响规律。杨文波等 [ 7 ] 采用模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法, 研究单点振动荷载作用下管片隧顶后有、无空洞 2 种工况下隧道结构与周围土体的动力响应特性。赖金星等。研究了壁后空洞影响下盾构隧道的开裂机理。现有研究大多关注特定空洞影响下管片的裂损失稳,而实际工程中, 空洞位置及尺寸多变,且管片拼装点位具有一定的随机性 [ 9 ] ,多因素影响下空洞对盾构隧道的影响机理有待进一步研究。
为此, 本文基于南昌地铁 3 号线梁万站一京东大道站区间隧道工程, 采用 ABAQUS 有限元软件建立盾构隧道精细化数值模型, 分析隧道顶部、腰部及底部存在空洞时, 空洞深度、面积及管片拼装对盾构隧道内力、变形、安全的影响规律,以期为盾构隧道衬砌结构安全性评价及病害防治提供一定的理论参考。
本文依托南昌地铁梁万站一京东大道站区间盾构隧道工程, 隧道主要穿越富水砂层, 围岩及隧道各构件的力学参数如 表 1 所示, 参数取值参考盾构隧道模型试验研究成果 [ 10 ] 。采用 ABAQUS 有限元软件建立考虑环、纵向接头的精细化盾构隧道数值模型(有接头模型),管片共 4 环,错缝拼装,如 图 1(a) 所示。单环管片由 1 封顶块 +2 邻接块 +3 标准块 $\left({{15}^{\circ }+ 2 \times {64.5}^{\circ }+ 3 \times {72}^{\circ }}\right)$ 组成,外径为 ${6.0}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,内径为 ${5.4}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,采用 $\mathrm{C}3\mathrm{D}{10}\mathrm{M}$ 单元模拟, 如 图 1(b) 所示; 相邻管片环、纵向分别采用 M27 和 M24 的 6.8 级弯螺栓连接, 以 C3D8R 单元模拟; 管片制作所用钢筋笼采用桁架单元模拟, 内、外排纵筋分别为 ${4\phi 25}+ {4\phi 22}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\text{、}{10\phi 20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,箍筋为 ${\phi 10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,单元类型为 $\mathrm{{T3D3}}$ 。隧道埋深为 ${10.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,土体采用 C3D8R 单元模拟,如 图 1(c) 所示。
管片-管片及管片-土体接触面的法向行为均采用硬接触模拟, 切向行为采用基于罚函数的 Cloumb 摩擦模拟,摩擦系数分别取 0.62 和 0.40 ;管片手孔-螺帽接触面采用 “tie” 约束模拟; 模型共 130 余万单元, 为提高数值计算的收敛性, 将螺栓-螺栓孔接触面的法向行为设置为硬接触, 切向行为简化为无摩擦; 对各环、纵向螺栓按规范要求施加相应螺栓预紧力,环向螺栓预紧力为 ${180}\mathrm{{kN}}$ ,纵向螺栓预紧力为 ${140}\mathrm{{kN}}$ ; 利用嵌入约束将钢筋笼内置于管片内部以建立材料间的相互作用。模型边界设置: 约束围岩四周法向位移, 底部固定,约束隧道纵向位移。隧道壁后空洞形状及管片拼装位置分别如 图 1(d)图 1(e) 所示。地层空洞是采用 ABAQUS 自带的生死单元法, 将空洞范围内的土体单元 “杀死”,以此模拟空洞的形成。
盾构隧道均质圆环模型(不考虑接头)内外径同有接头模型(考虑环、纵向接头), 如 图 1(f) 所示, 并内置同等钢筋笼,管片环之间采用刚接。
管片混凝土所用材料均为 C50, 采用弹塑性本构 (定义其单轴拉伸、压缩应力-应变关系);环、纵向螺栓均为 6.8 级高强弯螺栓,屈服强度为 ${480}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,极限强度为 ${600}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ;钢筋类型为 $\mathrm{{HRB}}{400}$ (纵筋)和 $\mathrm{{HPB}}{300}$ (箍筋);围岩材料为砂土,采用摩尔-库伦(M-C)本构。 材料参数见 表 1
膨胀角即剪胀角, 用来控制土壤体积膨胀大小, 其取值与土壤的物理和化学性质、结构、含水率等因素有关。既有研究表明密砂的膨胀角大多取 ${15}^{\circ }$ ,而松砂膨胀角小于10°[11] 。经试算,当本文数值模型其他参数一定时,砂土膨胀角取 ${1}^{\circ }\sim {15}^{\circ }$ ,相应的隧道弯矩极值为 ${263.7}\sim {55.6}\mathrm{{kN}}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ ,并随围岩膨胀角增大而降低,结合工程实际,将围岩(砂土)膨胀角设为 ${10}^{\circ }$ 。 参照上阶段模型试验 [ 10 ] ,建立与之相对应的数值模型(见 图 1(f) ,无接头隧道模型),二者的弯矩分布如 图 2 所示。由图可知, 无接头盾构隧道(均质圆环) 数值与试验的弯矩分布规律较为一致,均呈 “蝴蝶形”,但其量值上存在一定差异,当围岩膨胀角取 ${10}^{\circ }$ 时,数值所得隧道弯矩极值为试验的 62%左右;当围岩膨胀角取 ${4}^{\circ }$ 时,数值与试验弯矩极值的差异不超过 10%。由此可知, 试验和数值结果存在差异的原因可能是试验过程中土体并未固结, 较为松散, 而实际工程(数值模拟)中围岩存在 “土拱效应”(土体密实), 一定程度上降低隧道上覆土压。这也表明了本文无接头盾构隧道数值模型的可行性。
相较于无接头隧道模型, 盾构隧道有接头数值模型( 图 1(a) )考虑了接头的非连续性并施加了相应的螺栓预紧力,当围岩膨胀角均取 ${10}^{\circ }$ 时,隧顶弯矩减小 23%,隧底弯矩增大 14%,如 图 2 所示。这与文献[ 12 ] 的模型试验所得规律较为一致。
课题组采用模型试验手段对含壁后空洞盾构隧道 (均质圆环模型)的力学响应规律展开了研究 [ 10 ] ,但均质圆环模型由于未能考虑接头的非连续性, 难以表征实际盾构隧道的受力特性, 不能满足现有研究的精细化需求, 故本文建立考虑环、纵接头的三维精细化盾构隧道模型( 图 1 (a)),并基于上阶段研究成果 [ 10 ] ,进一步探究空洞尺寸与位置、管片拼装等因素下空洞对盾构隧道受力与安全的影响规律。
既有研究表明:隧道壁后空洞深度(径向尺寸)大多在 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ 以内 [ 13 ] ,但极端情况下隧道壁后亦会存在深度 ${2.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 以上的空洞 [ 14 ] ,本文进一步对工程中可能出现的大尺寸空洞展开研究, 空洞尺寸及位置设置见 表 2 ,表中 $S$ 为空洞面积, $H$ 为空洞深度。
规定管片外表面受压时弯矩为正,反之弯矩为负; 管片收敛外扩为正,内缩为负。文中隧顶、右隧腰、 隧底、左隧腰分别代表隧道顶部、右侧腰部、底部、 左侧腰部,分别对应 ${0}^{\circ }$${90}^{\circ }$${180}^{\circ }$${270}^{\circ }$ 截面,如 图 1 (e)所示。
图 3图 4 分别为隧顶不同深度空洞影响下盾构隧道内力分布及收敛变形, 由图可知, 空洞深度提升至 ${0.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,隧顶、隧底及隧腰弯矩均有不同程度的下降, 隧顶弯矩降幅近 30%, 隧腰和隧底分别下降 16.5%和 22.1%,而轴力表现为隧顶及隧腰分别降低 27.2%和 4.7%、隧底提高 9.6%,这是由于隧顶空洞的存在,隧道顶部卸载,结构整体受力有所降低。当空洞深度提升至 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,隧顶弯矩反向(由负弯转变为正弯),为 ${49.2}\mathrm{{kN}}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ ,此后随着空洞深度的增加,隧顶弯矩逐渐提升,但提升较缓,隧腰及隧底弯矩降低, 其弯矩由 “蝴蝶形” 转变为 “竖杵形” 分布, 而轴力分布形状变化并不明显。空洞深度增至 ${2.0}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,隧道椭变(椭圆度变形)小于 $1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,隧顶弯矩提升至 ${67.7}\mathrm{{kN}}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ , 隧腰弯矩降至 ${11.4}\mathrm{{kN}}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ ,隧底弯矩亦由负弯转变为正弯,为 ${19.1}\mathrm{{kN}}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ 。结构弯矩分布的 “杵形” 尖角角度越小, 代表隧顶空洞范围内结构的剪力较大, 应重点关注空洞范围内管片的裂损情况, 并及时处置。
图 5图 6 分别为左隧腰不同深度空洞影响下盾构隧道内力分布和收敛变形, 由图可知, 随左隧腰空洞深度的增加, 结构弯矩及轴力整体有所提升, 弯矩由 “蝴蝶形” 逐步转变为 “半杵半蝴蝶形” 分布, 轴力分布由 “椭圆形” 逐步转变为 “横杵形”,表现为: 空洞深度提升至 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,左隧腰弯矩及轴力较无空洞时分别提升 52.9%和 11.3%,隧顶、右隧腰及隧底弯矩分别提升 15.9%、13.6%和 15.3%,轴力则是隧顶降低 3.9%,右隧腰和隧底提升 1.4%和 8.4%,此时隧道椭变为 ${60.0}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ;当空洞深度上升至 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时, 左隧腰弯矩及轴力较无空洞时分别提升 128.0%和43.2%, 此时隧道椭变为 ${116.4}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,相应的椭圆度为 ${19.4}\%$
图 7图 8 分别为隧底不同深度空洞影响下盾构隧道内力分布和收敛变形, 其规律与隧顶存在空洞类似。可知,隧底弯矩在空洞深度为 ${0.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时反向, 由 $-{109.7}\mathrm{{kN}}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ (无空洞时)转变为 ${66.2}\mathrm{{kN}}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ ,轴力较无空洞时降低 9.1%,隧顶、隧腰弯矩较无空洞时分别降低 ${5.5}\%\text{、}{6.8}\%$ ;空洞深度增至 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 后,隧底轴力随空洞深度增加而上升;空洞深度增至 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时, 隧道基本恢复至 “圆形”,其椭变小于 $1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,此后结构呈倒鸡蛋式变形;空洞深度提升至 ${2.0}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,隧顶和隧腰弯矩均反向,分别为 ${11.9}\mathrm{{kN}}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ (负弯转为正弯)和 $-{21.7}\mathrm{{kN}}\cdot \mathrm{m}$ (正弯转为负弯),隧底弯矩和轴力分别为 ${132.6}\mathrm{{kN}}\cdot \mathrm{m}$${1157}\mathrm{{kN}}$ ,较无空洞时分别提升 20.9%、52.4%。
为进一步分析不同位置空洞对衬砌结构的不利影响, 采用《铁路隧道设计规范》(TB10003-2016)中钢筋混凝土矩形截面的大、小偏心受压构件截面强度计算公式,获取各空洞中心处管片截面的安全系数 , 并分析安全系数随空洞深度的变化规律。
图 9 为空洞中心处隧道截面安全系数随空洞深度的变化曲线, 由图可知, 隧顶、隧底存在空洞时, 随空洞深度增加, 空洞中心处隧道截面安全系数先增大后减小;左隧腰存在空洞时, 左隧腰截面安全系数随空洞深度增大而降低。当隧道壁后存在同尺寸空洞时 (空洞深度 $\geq {0.1}\mathrm{m}$ ,下同),空洞中心处隧道截面的安全系数均表现为: 左隧腰<隧底<隧顶。
图 10 为隧顶、隧腰、隧底不同面积空洞影响下盾构隧道弯矩分布图, 其内力及变形变化规律与不同深度空洞的分析类似。隧顶或隧底空洞影响下, 空洞面积在 ${2.50}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}$ 内,空洞中心处隧道截面弯矩随空洞面积扩大而降低, 较无空洞时弯矩最大降幅分别为 55.3%、 ${62.2}\%$ ;空洞面积升至 ${3.75}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}$ 时,空洞中心处隧道截面弯矩反向。左隧腰存在空洞时, 其隧顶、隧腰及隧底弯矩均随空洞面积扩大而提升, 当空洞面积分别为 ${1.25}\text{、}{2.50}\text{、}{3.75}$${5.00}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}$ 时,左隧腰弯矩较无空洞时分别上升 20.3%、28.4%、44.0%和 52.9%,呈非线性增长。
空洞尺寸为 ${5.0}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}\times {1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,隧顶、隧腰、隧底空洞内有无纵缝时管片内力分布如 图 11 所示, 管片张开极值及空洞处管片截面安全系数如 表 3 所示。拼装点位 A、B 分别对应隧顶空洞内有接缝、空洞内无接缝工况, 拼装点位 A、C 分别对应隧腰空洞内有接缝和无接缝工况, 拼装点位 A、D 分别对应隧底空洞内无接缝及有接缝工况, 管片各拼装点位如 图 12 所示, 接缝特指管片间的纵缝(见 图 12(a) )。由 图 11表 3 可知, 无空洞时, 不同拼装点位对盾构隧道结构内力分布及变形特征影响不同,表现为拼装点位 $\mathrm{B}\text{、}\mathrm{C}\text{、}\mathrm{D}$ 的弯矩极值较点位 A 分别降低 15.6%、15.9%和 15.4%,轴力极值分别提升 5.1%、7.9%和 6.3%。隧顶空洞内有接缝较无接缝时, 其隧顶弯矩和轴力分别降低 40.5% 和 4.2%;隧腰空洞内有接缝较无接缝时,其隧腰弯矩和轴力分别降低 18.4%和 8.5%;隧底空洞内有接缝较无接缝时,其隧底弯矩和轴力分别降低 53.2%和 67.2%。 本算例中, 隧顶、隧腰、隧底空洞内有接缝较无接缝时, 空洞中心处隧道截面安全系数增幅分别为 148.2%、 48.0%、6.3%,但空洞侧管片张开较为严重,最大张开为空洞内无接缝时的 ${2.0}\sim {3.5}$ 倍。
1) 根据本文所建立的精细化数值模型可进行空洞影响下盾构隧道的受力特性分析及安全性评价。隧道壁后不同位置空洞对结构安全不利影响的排序为: 隧腰>隧底>隧顶。
2) 空洞面积为 ${5.0}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}$ 时,空洞位于隧顶或隧底, 空洞中心处截面弯矩随空洞深度增加呈先减小后反向增大的趋势,分别在空洞深 ${0.3}\text{、}{0.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时反弯; 左隧腰空洞深度分别为 ${0.5}\text{、}{1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,左隧腰弯矩较无空洞时分别提升 52.9%和 128.0%,轴力相应提升 11.3% 和 43.2%;随空洞深度增加,隧顶、隧底空洞中心处截面安全系数先增大后减小,管片椭变先减小至 0 后反向增大,左隧腰空洞中心处截面安全系数不断降低, 管片椭变大幅提升。
3) 空洞深度为 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,空洞中心处隧道截面弯矩随隧顶或隧底空洞面积扩大呈先减小后反向增大的趋势,均在空洞面积 ${3.75}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}$ 时反弯; 随左隧腰空洞面积扩大, 隧顶、隧腰及隧底弯矩提升不同, 但空洞中心处隧道截面弯矩增幅最大。
4) 无空洞时,拼装点位 $\mathrm{B}\text{、}\mathrm{C}\text{、}\mathrm{D}$ 的隧道弯矩极值较点位 A 分别降低 15.6%、15.9%和 15.4%;相较于空洞内无接缝, 隧顶、隧腰、隧底空洞内存在纵缝会降低空洞中心处隧道截面的内力并提升其安全系数, 弯矩降幅分别为 40.2%、18.4%、53.2%,安全系数增幅分别为 148.2%、48.0%、6.3%,但其空洞侧管片张开较为严重,最大张开为空洞内无接缝时的 ${2.0}\sim {3.5}$ 倍。
下一步可结合南昌地铁盾构隧道穿越的不同地层, 探究不同地层作用下空洞缺陷对盾构隧道损伤或开裂的影响机理。并考虑进一步建立管片接缝的细部构造(定位棒、防水密封垫凹槽、凹凸榫、螺栓垫片等), 不断完善盾构隧道三维精细化数值模型, 提高数值计算精度。
  • 国家自然科学面上项目(42177162)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.016
  • 接收时间:2023-07-16
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-16
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国家自然科学面上项目(42177162)
作者信息
    1 华东交通大学 土木建筑学院 南昌 330013
    2 华东交通大学江西建筑设计院有限公司 南昌 330013
    3 南昌轨道交通集团有限公司 南昌 330199
    4 中国铁路南昌局集团有限公司 南昌 330009

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胡梦豪,男,硕士研究生,主要从事隧道与地下工程领域的研究,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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