Article(id=1149744613113643944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708704000000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-24, revisedDate=1711555200000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050076987, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050076987, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050076987, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050076987, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149744594201523010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='177', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050072478, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780147518, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001054903685255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001054903685256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=102, endPage=108, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149744613629543351, articleId=1149744613113643944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Vibration Effect of Floating Slab Track Soaked in Water Using Fluid-Solid Coupling, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To provide maintenance advice regarding a scenario in which floating slab tracks are soaked in water, we established a numerical model of a submerged steel spring floating slab track vibration based on the fluidsolid coupling theory. The vibration reduction of the floating slab track with different accumulation water depths under a running train considering the track, water, and tunnel base was analyzed. The results showed that the water under the floating slab influences the vibration reduction performance. When the depth of the accumulated water was lower than the 1/2 height of the slabside space, the effect on the vertical vibration of the tunnel increased by approximately 5 dB at a peak frequency of 63 Hz. When the water filled with the entire height of the slab side space, the vertical vibration level of the tunnel at its peak frequency of 63 Hz increased to approximately 13.4 dB, an increase of 30.7%. The insertion loss of the tunnel vibration level also increased by approximately 13.36 and 13.67 dB at 63 and 80 Hz, respectively. Therefore, when the height of the water under the floating slab was over the 1/2 height of the slab side space, which means that the vertical vibrations of the slab and tunnel at their peak value frequency were larger than 5 and 10 dB, respectively, than under normal conditions without water, maintenance work to drain away the water should be performed immediately.

, correspAuthors=Lin YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ruiquan LU, Lin YANG, Dehao YUAN, Xiaoli NIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149744636048098157, articleId=1149744613113643944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=基于流固耦合的浸水钢弹簧浮置板减振效果分析, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为养护维修浸水情况下的浮置板轨道,基于流固耦合理论建立浸水条件下钢弹簧浮置板振动模型,分析浮置板和基础结构间存在积水情况时,车致振动影响下不同浸水深度浮置板轨道的减振效果。结果表明:钢弹簧浮置板的板底积水影响浮置板结构的减振性能;当积水深度小于板侧空间高度的 1/2时,隧道壁在其峰值频率 63 Hz 的振动已经增大5dB 左右;当积水深度达到板侧空间高度全满时,隧道壁加速度级在63 Hz 处增大 13.4 dB,增加约30.7%;隧道壁在63Hz和80Hz的振动级插入损失也分别增大13.36 dB和13.67 dB;浮置板板侧空间有1/2 及以上的高度浸水,峰值频率对应的浮置板、隧道壁的垂向振动级较正常情况分别大5 dB、10dB以上时,建议及时排水。

, correspAuthors=杨林, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨林,男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事设计管理、科研项目管理工作,
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芦睿泉,男,硕士,正高级工程师,从事地铁轨道总体设计研究及管理工作,

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芦睿泉,男,硕士,正高级工程师,从事地铁轨道总体设计研究及管理工作,

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芦睿泉,男,硕士,正高级工程师,从事地铁轨道总体设计研究及管理工作,

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结构 参数 取值
钢轨 弹性模量/Pa ${2.1} \times {10}^{11}$
泊松比 0.3
密度/ $\left( {\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$ 7 850
扣件 垂向刚度/(N/m) $4 \times {10}^{7}$
垂向阻尼系数/(N·s/m) 10 650
横向刚度/(N/m) $2 \times {10}^{7}$
横向阻尼系数/(N・s/m) 10 650
隔振器 垂向刚度/(N/m) ${6.9} \times {10}^{6}$
垂向阻尼系数/(N·s/m) 20 590
横向刚度/(N/m) $1 \times {10}^{7}$
横向阻尼系数/(N・s/m) 20 590
浮置板 弹性模量/Pa ${3.6} \times {10}^{10}$
泊松比 0.2
密度/ $\left( {\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$ 2530
隧道壁 弹性模量/Pa ${3.15} \times {10}^{10}$
泊松比 0.20
密度/(kg/m ${}^{3}$ ) 2500
土体 弹性模量/Pa ${3.15} \times {10}^{10}$
泊松比 0.18
密度/ $\left( {\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$ 2100
), ArticleFig(id=1154040266282488196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613113643944, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=固体模型参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构 参数 取值
钢轨 弹性模量/Pa ${2.1} \times {10}^{11}$
泊松比 0.3
密度/ $\left( {\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$ 7 850
扣件 垂向刚度/(N/m) $4 \times {10}^{7}$
垂向阻尼系数/(N·s/m) 10 650
横向刚度/(N/m) $2 \times {10}^{7}$
横向阻尼系数/(N・s/m) 10 650
隔振器 垂向刚度/(N/m) ${6.9} \times {10}^{6}$
垂向阻尼系数/(N·s/m) 20 590
横向刚度/(N/m) $1 \times {10}^{7}$
横向阻尼系数/(N・s/m) 20 590
浮置板 弹性模量/Pa ${3.6} \times {10}^{10}$
泊松比 0.2
密度/ $\left( {\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$ 2530
隧道壁 弹性模量/Pa ${3.15} \times {10}^{10}$
泊松比 0.20
密度/(kg/m ${}^{3}$ ) 2500
土体 弹性模量/Pa ${3.15} \times {10}^{10}$
泊松比 0.18
密度/ $\left( {\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$ 2100
), ArticleFig(id=1154040266345402757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613113643944, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Vehicle model parameter, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主要技术参数 数值
车辆定距/m 15.6
固定轴距/m 2.5
车体质量/t 49.2
构架质量/t 7.0
轮对质量/t 1.2
车体侧滚转动惯量/( $\mathrm{t} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ ) 65.4
车体点头转动惯量//( $\mathrm{t} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ ) 1 690
车体摇头转动惯量//( $\mathrm{t} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ ) 1 440
一系横向弹簧刚度/(kN/m) 5 000
一系竖向弹簧刚度/(kN/m) 1 384
二系横向弹簧刚度/(kN/m) 158
二系竖向弹簧刚度/(kN/m) 355
), ArticleFig(id=1154040266395734406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613113643944, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=车辆模型参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主要技术参数 数值
车辆定距/m 15.6
固定轴距/m 2.5
车体质量/t 49.2
构架质量/t 7.0
轮对质量/t 1.2
车体侧滚转动惯量/( $\mathrm{t} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ ) 65.4
车体点头转动惯量//( $\mathrm{t} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ ) 1 690
车体摇头转动惯量//( $\mathrm{t} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ ) 1 440
一系横向弹簧刚度/(kN/m) 5 000
一系竖向弹簧刚度/(kN/m) 1 384
二系横向弹簧刚度/(kN/m) 158
二系竖向弹簧刚度/(kN/m) 355
), ArticleFig(id=1154040266471231879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613113643944, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Water accumulation depth and immersion characteristics under different conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 1 2 3 4
积水深度/mm 320 160 80 0
板侧空间积水高度 满水 1/2 高度浸水 1/4 高度浸水 正常 浮置板
钢弹簧隔振器浸水特征 两侧均浸水 单侧浸水 无浸水
), ArticleFig(id=1154040266597061001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744613113643944, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=不同工况积水深度和浸水特征, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 1 2 3 4
积水深度/mm 320 160 80 0
板侧空间积水高度 满水 1/2 高度浸水 1/4 高度浸水 正常 浮置板
钢弹簧隔振器浸水特征 两侧均浸水 单侧浸水 无浸水
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基于流固耦合的浸水钢弹簧浮置板减振效果分析
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芦睿泉 , 杨林 , 袁德浩 , 牛晓莉
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(3): 102-108
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(3): 102-108
基于流固耦合的浸水钢弹簧浮置板减振效果分析
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芦睿泉 , 杨林 , 袁德浩, 牛晓莉
作者信息
  • 青岛地铁集团有限公司 青岛 266045
  • 芦睿泉,男,硕士,正高级工程师,从事地铁轨道总体设计研究及管理工作,

通讯作者:

杨林,男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事设计管理、科研项目管理工作,
Analysis of the Vibration Effect of Floating Slab Track Soaked in Water Using Fluid-Solid Coupling
Ruiquan LU , Lin YANG , Dehao YUAN, Xiaoli NIU
Affiliations
  • Qingdao Metro Group Co., Ltd. Qingdao 266045
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.014
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为养护维修浸水情况下的浮置板轨道,基于流固耦合理论建立浸水条件下钢弹簧浮置板振动模型,分析浮置板和基础结构间存在积水情况时,车致振动影响下不同浸水深度浮置板轨道的减振效果。结果表明:钢弹簧浮置板的板底积水影响浮置板结构的减振性能;当积水深度小于板侧空间高度的 1/2时,隧道壁在其峰值频率 63 Hz 的振动已经增大5dB 左右;当积水深度达到板侧空间高度全满时,隧道壁加速度级在63 Hz 处增大 13.4 dB,增加约30.7%;隧道壁在63Hz和80Hz的振动级插入损失也分别增大13.36 dB和13.67 dB;浮置板板侧空间有1/2 及以上的高度浸水,峰值频率对应的浮置板、隧道壁的垂向振动级较正常情况分别大5 dB、10dB以上时,建议及时排水。

城市轨道交通  /  钢弹簧浮置板  /  浸水  /  流固耦合  /  减振效果

To provide maintenance advice regarding a scenario in which floating slab tracks are soaked in water, we established a numerical model of a submerged steel spring floating slab track vibration based on the fluidsolid coupling theory. The vibration reduction of the floating slab track with different accumulation water depths under a running train considering the track, water, and tunnel base was analyzed. The results showed that the water under the floating slab influences the vibration reduction performance. When the depth of the accumulated water was lower than the 1/2 height of the slabside space, the effect on the vertical vibration of the tunnel increased by approximately 5 dB at a peak frequency of 63 Hz. When the water filled with the entire height of the slab side space, the vertical vibration level of the tunnel at its peak frequency of 63 Hz increased to approximately 13.4 dB, an increase of 30.7%. The insertion loss of the tunnel vibration level also increased by approximately 13.36 and 13.67 dB at 63 and 80 Hz, respectively. Therefore, when the height of the water under the floating slab was over the 1/2 height of the slab side space, which means that the vertical vibrations of the slab and tunnel at their peak value frequency were larger than 5 and 10 dB, respectively, than under normal conditions without water, maintenance work to drain away the water should be performed immediately.

urban rail transit  /  steel spring floating slab  /  soaking in water  /  fluid-solid coupling  /  vibration reduction effect
芦睿泉, 杨林, 袁德浩, 牛晓莉. 基于流固耦合的浸水钢弹簧浮置板减振效果分析. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (3) : 102 -108 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.014
Ruiquan LU, Lin YANG, Dehao YUAN, Xiaoli NIU. Analysis of the Vibration Effect of Floating Slab Track Soaked in Water Using Fluid-Solid Coupling[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (3) : 102 -108 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.014
轨道交通地下隧道线路会出现由于排水不畅导致积水浸泡浮置板的情况。当列车经过有积水地段的钢弹簧浮置板轨道时, 其传播机理会发生改变, 且减振效果会受到影响。故有必要对浸水浮置板受列车荷载作用时形成的固体-液体相互作用以及浮置板减振影响进行研究。
在固体-液体受荷载作用下的流固耦合研究方面, 周凤玺等 [ 1 ] 分析了含液饱和弹性板在集中荷载作用下的随机振动特性。景旭峰等 [ 2 ] 和张春晋等 [ 3 ] 研究了管道与其内部液体间的流固耦合作用。黄博等 [ 4 ] 构建了极端波浪与箱梁上部结构的相互影响规律。周鼎鈜等 [ 5 ] 分析了地震作用下水体质量对倒虹吸桥架动力特性的影响;王壬等 [ 6 ] 和王丽娟等 [ 7 ] 分析了地震时供水管道的管-水流固耦合动力学特性。刘丰等 [ 8 ] 和郭博文等 [ 9 ] 分别研究了钢闸门和升船机与水流在地震影响下的流固耦合影响。可见, 大部分固液受载下的流固耦合研究都是低频荷载作用下管道、桥梁与液体的相互作用研究, 尚缺少高频列车荷载对浮置板-积水-基础的固体- 液体-固体相互关系的研究。
对于浸水浮置板的振动特性,张斌等 [ 10 ] 、王建立等 [ 11 ] 通过现场实测分析了列车运行过程中积水排除前后地铁钢弹簧浮置板的减振效果。针对浸水浮置板轨道的减振特性和影响研究主要采用实测结果分析, 对其理论数值分析方法和定量研究较少。
本文考虑钢弹簧浮置板轨道结构-积水-下部基础这一流固耦合关系在列车荷载作用下的振动传播特性, 建立基于流固耦合理论的浸水浮置板流固耦合振动模型, 分析列车荷载作用下浸水浮置板流固耦合振动特性, 为轨道交通工务部门提供浮置板轨道水害情况下的养护维修建议。
当列车经过浮置板轨道地段时, 轮轨表面粗糙度引起高频轮轨激振力, 进而引发钢轨振动, 并通过扣件、钢弹簧隔振器向下部基础和隧道传递。列车荷载通过钢轨振动传递到浮置板上,当浮置板和下部基础之间存在积水时, 一部分振动能量会由弹簧、阻尼组成的钢弹簧隔振器系统逐渐耗散;另一部分振动能量通过浮置板底面与积水的接触传递给积水。这时, 钢弹簧隔振器在列车动荷载下发生压缩变形, 使得板底面下沉,进一步和积水发生接触, 同时, 积水由于板下空间压缩, 在与板底面接触并被挤出板底的同时, 又反作用于板底,如 图 1 所示。
某地铁投诉点的浸水钢弹簧浮置板的实际工程条件: 线路位于曲线半径为 ${450}\mathrm{\;m}$ 缓和曲线处,扣件为 DTVI2 型, 钢弹簧浮置板类型为液体阻尼钢弹簧浮置板(现浇 ${25}\mathrm{\;m}$ 板),隧道断面为单洞单线马蹄形。
为消除模型的尺寸效应 [ 12 ] ,模型长度取 3 块现浇浮置板长度; 该固体模型的部件均采用 C3D8R 实体单元,即长 $\times$$\times$$=\left({{25}\mathrm{\;m}\times 3}\right)\times {46.8}\mathrm{\;m}\times {28.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 如 图 2 所示。
网格尺寸小于材料剪切波长的1/12[13] ,扣件和浮置板钢弹簧隔振器均采用弹簧阻尼器模拟;粘-弹性人工边界采用一端接地的弹簧阻尼连接器模拟。固体模型参数取值如 表 1 所示。
由于本文考虑的是浸水条件下的钢弹簧浮置板及基础结构, 其振动响应属于微振动范畴, 积水可考虑为理想不可压缩流体, 此外, 考虑到当浮置板板底浸水后, 现场在板侧空隙可以观测到浸水情况, 故 图 3 中用板侧空间积水高度来体现板底浸水的程度。
本文研究的浸水浮置板流固耦合问题, 其耦合作用仅发生在固液两相的交界处, 可以通过两相耦合的平衡及协调关系引入计算方程来进行有限元求解。将流固耦合求解域离散化并构造插值函数, 代入流体物理运动方程和固体物理运动方程, 可以得到流固耦合系统的有限元方程如式(1)所示。
$\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{\mathbf{M}}_{s}& 0 \\- {\mathbf{Q}}^{\mathrm{T}}& {\mathbf{M}}_{f}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack \left(\ddot{\mathbf{p}}\right)+ \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{\mathbf{C}}_{s}& 0 \\ 0 &{\mathbf{C}}_{f}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack \left(\dot{\mathbf{p}}\right)+ \\\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{\mathbf{K}}_{s}& \frac{1}{{\rho }_{f}}\mathbf{Q}\\ 0 &{\mathbf{K}}_{f}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack \left(\begin{array}{l}\mathbf{a}\\\mathbf{p}\end{array}\right)= \left(\begin{array}{l}{F}_{s}\\{P}_{0}\end{array}\right)$
其中,流量 $\mathbf{Q}$ 可由式(2)得到
$\mathbf{Q}= \int \rho - f{\bar{N}}^{\mathrm{T}}{n}_{s}N\mathrm{\;d}S $
式中, $p$ 为流体结点压力向量; $a$ 为固体结点位移向量; $\ddot{\mathbf{a}}$$\dot{\mathbf{a}}$ 分别表示 $a$ 的二阶求导和一阶求导; $\ddot{\mathbf{p}}$$\dot{\mathbf{p}}$ 分别表示 $\mathbf{p}$ 的二阶求导和一阶求导; $\mathbf{Q}$ 为流固耦合矩阵; ${\mathbf{Q}}^{T}$ 表示对 $Q$ 矩阵的转置; ${M}_{s},{M}_{f},{C}_{s},{C}_{f},{K}_{s},{K}_{f}$ 分别为固体质量矩阵、流体质量矩阵、固体阻尼矩阵、流体阻尼矩阵、固体刚度矩阵、流体刚度矩阵, ${F}_{s}$ 为固体外载荷向量; ${P}_{0}$ 为外压强向量; $N$${\bar{N}}^{\mathrm{T}}$ 分别为插值函数及其转置; ${n}_{s}$ 为固体边界单位外法向量; ${\rho }_{f}$ 为流体密度; $\rho$ 为流体密度矩阵; $f$ 为流固界面上流体动力的节点矢量。
基于上述分析, 在固体模型和流体模型之间设置流体-固体相互作用面,分别是浮置板下侧与流体域上侧的交界面, 以及流体域下侧与轨下基础上侧的交界面,如 图 4 所示。
采用多体动力学建立车辆-轨道动力学模型分析车辆通过浸水浮置板线路时的轮轨力特性。模型中采用地铁 $\mathrm{B}$ 型车,满载条件,车速为 ${60}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ ,其中轨道几何不平顺采用我国七参数轨道谱公式获得地铁地下线路轨道不平顺谱 [ 14 ] 。具体车辆模型参数如 表 2 所示。
结合某地铁减振措施应用情况 [ 15 ] ,选取实际运营线路断面测试其加速度响应。测试时该断面处浮置板下侧满水、两侧钢弹簧隔振器均浸水。
依据文献 [ 13 ] 计算振动加速度级(VAL)。根据第 2 节提出的列车荷载作用下浸水浮置板流固耦合振动模型, 计算一节车辆通过测试断面时的振动响应, 通过 1/3 倍频程分析对比仿真数据和实测数据, 如 图 5 所示。
图 5 可知, 从轨道结构垂向振动响应振动级结果来看,在 ${16}\sim {200}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 的频域分布和振动级峰值上, 仿真结果与现场实测结果的频域分布变化趋势基本一致, 因此, 本文提出的浸水浮置板流固耦合振动模型是准确的。
针对曲线地段浮置板的不同板侧空间积水高度(见 图 3 )和钢弹簧隔振器的浸水特征, 选取 4 种代表性工况对其振动响应特性进行分析, 具体见 表 3
钢弹簧浮置板轨道不同浸水情况下,钢轨、浮置板、隧道壁受列车荷载作用的 1/3 倍频程垂向振动级如 图 6 所示。
图 6(a)图 6(b) 可知,4 种工况下,钢轨和浮置板垂向振动级在各频率上的分布趋势基本一致, 且具有接近的峰值频段(400、63 Hz)。工况1(浸水深度 ${320}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ) 时, 钢轨和浮置板各频段振动级数值相较其他工况的频段振动级小, 而其他工况之间相差不大。说明浮置板板底的积水深度对钢轨和浮置板垂向振动的频域分布和主频段影响较小。对于钢轨, 当积水深度增加到全高度时,其峰值频率 ${400}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处振级降低 ${11}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ ,降低了 7.5%;对于浮置板,当积水深度增加至全高度时, 其峰值频率 ${63}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处振级降低 ${19}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ ,降低了 ${15.8}\%$
图 6(c) 可知,随着积水深度增加,在 ${40}\sim {200}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 频段,隧道壁振级逐渐增加。在峰值频率 ${63}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ ,积水深度增加导致隧道垂向振动级显著增大, 当积水深度增加至全高度时增大了 ${13.4}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ ,约增大 ${30.7}\%$ ,即浮置板在浸水条件下的减振效果降低。
以正常无浸水浮置板(浸水为 0 mm)为基准,其他各种不同浸水工况下钢轨、浮置板和隧道壁的各频段振动级与无浸水工况对应频段的振动级相减, 得到插入损失如 图 7 所示。
图 7(a) 可知,钢轨垂向振动级插入损失在 ${16}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 以下频段大于0;工况1(满水) 在 ${20}\sim {200}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 频段的插入损失基本小于 0,其余工况在该频段的插入损失变化不明显。 最大插入损失为 ${13.7}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ ,位于中心频率 ${31.5}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 之处。
图 7(b) 可知,浮置板在 $5\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 以下频段垂向振动级插入损失大于0; 在 ${6.3}\sim {200}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 频段小于0,在板底满水情况下尤为明显。说明与正常情况相比, 浮置板板底浸水使得其在 ${6.3}\sim {200}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 的垂向振动明显减小,在中心频率 ${50}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处插入损失最小,可达 ${24.8}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
图 7(c) 可知,隧道壁在 ${63}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 以下频段垂向振动级插入损失基本小于 0,在 ${63}\sim {200}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 频段大于 0。 即与正常情况相比,浮置板底部浸水使隧道壁在 ${63}\sim {200}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 频段垂向振动明显增大。同时,随着积水深度增大, 隧道壁各分频振动级的插入损失绝对值逐渐增大。如在板底满水情况,隧道壁在 ${63}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$${80}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 的振动级插入损失分别增大 ${13.36}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$${13.67}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
根据仿真模型分析, 在现浇浮置板下侧积水从无增加至板侧基础高度满水的过程中, 浮置板减振性能下降, 且积水高度增大过程中浮置板减振效果降低。
当浸水深度超过板侧基础高度 1/2 以上时,从 图 7 (b) 和 7(c)可以看出, 在浮置板和隧道壁的峰值频率处 $\left({{63}\sim {80}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}}\right)$ ,浮置板的振动会降低 $5\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ 以上,而隧道壁的振动会增加 ${10}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ 以上,已经对浮置板的减振效果及线路周围结构的车致振动产生影响。
结合钢弹簧浮置板板底积水的实际情况, 建立基于流固耦合理论的浮置板-钢弹簧隔振器-积水-隧道结构振动模型, 分析列车荷载作用下浸水浮置板流固耦合振动响应,主要结论如下。
1) 钢弹簧浮置板的板底积水会造成浮置板-积水和隧道结构流固耦合振动, 减弱浮置板结构的减振性能。
2) 对于钢轨, 当积水深度增加到全高度时, 其峰值频率 ${400}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处振级降低 ${11}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ ,降低了 ${7.5}\%$ ;对于浮置板,当积水深度增加至全高度时,其峰值频率 ${63}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处振级降低 ${19}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ ,降低了 ${15.8}\%$ 。对于隧道壁,其峰值频率 ${63}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 处的隧道壁加速度级增大 ${13.4}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ ,增加约 30.7%。说明浸水越严重,浮置板的振动降低,而隧道壁的振动增加。
3) 当积水增高,钢轨垂向振动明显减小,浮置板在 ${200}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 以内大部分频段的振动明显减小,而隧道壁各频段振动级的插入损失绝对值逐渐增大。当积水深度达到板侧空间全高度时, 浮置板振动的最大插入损失可达 ${24.8}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$ ; 隧道壁在 ${63}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$${80}\mathrm{\;{Hz}}$ 的振动级插入损失分别增大 ${13.36}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$${13.67}\mathrm{\;{dB}}$
4) 从浸水深度来看,浮置板板侧空间有 $1/2$ 及以上的高度浸水, 且单侧钢弹簧隔振器浸水并扩散至另一侧隔振器时, 峰值频率对应的浮置板、隧道壁的垂向振动级较正常情况分别大 5、10 dB 以上,建议在积水达到该深度前及时排水。
  • 青岛地铁集团科研项目(M8-ZX-2021-036)
  • 山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010427)
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2024年第37卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.014
  • 接收时间:2024-02-24
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-24
  • 修回日期:2024-03-28
基金
青岛地铁集团科研项目(M8-ZX-2021-036)
山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010427)
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    青岛地铁集团有限公司 青岛 266045

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杨林,男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事设计管理、科研项目管理工作,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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