Article(id=1149744612543218568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1689436800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-16, revisedDate=1707235200000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050076851, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050076851, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050076851, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050076851, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149744594201523010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='177', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050072478, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780147518, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001054903685255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001054903685256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=109, endPage=116, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149744612857791386, articleId=1149744612543218568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Dynamic Coefficient of a U-shaped Girder for Urban Rail Transit, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The mechanical behaviors of Ushaped girders in urban rail transit differ in the spanning and transverse directions, and a dynamic coefficient of 1.40 in the current design code will result in material waste. Considering the bidirectional stressing characteristics, the Ushaped girder of the Nanjing Subway Line S6 Urban Rail Transit was selected as a case study, and a trainbridge coupling dynamic model was established. The effectiveness of the model was verified by comparing the test and calculated results. The dynamic coefficients of the different responses were analyzed by changing the train speed and formation. The results indicate that the girder bottom only bears longitudinal tensile stress but carries both transverse tensile and compressive stresses in the same section. The maximum dynamic coefficients of the deflection, longitudinal stress, and lateral stress were 1.231, 1.216, and 1.362, respectively, in the fulland fixedload cases of the 6car formation. When determining the dynamic coefficients of a singletrack Ushaped girder, the influence of the train formation should be considered, and the values should be distinguished according to the stressing directions. We recommend a value of 1.30 when calculating the deflection and longitudinal stress and 1.40 when calculating the lateral stress. This paper proposes reasonable values for the dynamic coefficients of Ushaped girders and provides a reference for structural optimization.

, correspAuthors=Chaoyi XIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tangying BAI, Hui LI, Yu TIAN, Yipeng CHEN, Yanyang PAN, Chaoyi XIA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149744645216846297, articleId=1149744612543218568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=城轨U型梁动力系数的理论与试验研究, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

城市轨道交通U型梁沿顺桥向和横桥向的受力存在差异,而按现有设计规范U型梁桥取1.40的动力系数会导致材料浪费。针对该类结构的双向受力特征,以南京地铁S6号线U型梁为工程实例,建立车桥耦合振动模型;通过对比测试和计算结果,验证了所建模型的有效性;并通过改变车辆速度和编组,分析不同响应的动力系数。研究结果表明:梁底只承受纵向拉应力,但同一截面内却同时存在横向拉、压应力;挠度、纵向应力和横向应力的动力系数最大值分别为1.231、1.216和1.362,分别出现在6车满员和6车定员编组的工况中;在确定单线U型梁的动力系数时,应该考虑列车编组的影响,并根据受力方向对动力系数值加以区别,建议在计算挠度和纵向应力时取1.30,而在计算横向应力时仍取1.40。本研究旨在提出U型梁动力系数的合理取值,并为结构优化提供参考。

, correspAuthors=夏超逸, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
夏超逸,男,博士,副教授,现从事桥梁结构动力分析、车桥耦合动力学等研究工作,
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白唐瀛,男,本科,正高级工程师,现从事桥梁和高架车站结构方面设计工作,

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白唐瀛,男,本科,正高级工程师,现从事桥梁和高架车站结构方面设计工作,

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白唐瀛,男,本科,正高级工程师,现从事桥梁和高架车站结构方面设计工作,

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language=EN, label=Figure 12, caption=Dynamic coefficients of the lateral stresses, figureFileSmall=tCNslMqr7xLpQnpCMnGvWA==, figureFileBig=bJr6kQ9gxwk7m1BSE7cDcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040282891935880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744612543218568, language=CN, label=图 12, caption=横向应力的动力系数, figureFileSmall=tCNslMqr7xLpQnpCMnGvWA==, figureFileBig=bJr6kQ9gxwk7m1BSE7cDcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040282954850444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744612543218568, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Maximum dynamic coefficients of the deflections and the longitudinal stresses, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
横向 位置 纵向位置
活动 端 1/8 跨 1/4 跨 3/4 跨 跨中 5/8 跨 3/4 跨 7/8 跨 固定 端
L4 1.170 1.171 1.199 1.221 1.231 1.216 1.185 1.198 1.209
L3 1.161 1.157 1.194 1.221 1.230 1.215 1.181 1.199 1.219
L2 1.156 1.142 1.190 1.221 1.229 1.214 1.178 1.199 1.216
L1 1.119 1.121 1.184 1.220 1.226 1.213 1.173 1.200 1.204
M0 1.115 1.109 1.181 1.218 1.224 1.207 1.170 1.199 1.181
R1 1.108 1.113 1.181 1.216 1.222 1.208 1.171 1.198 1.202
R2 1.132 1.130 1.183 1.215 1.222 1.208 1.173 1.196 1.214
R3 1.145 1.144 1.186 1.214 1.222 1.207 1.176 1.194 1.217
R4 1.158 1.159 1.190 1.214 1.223 1.207 1.178 1.193 1.205
), ArticleFig(id=1154040283055513744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744612543218568, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=挠度和纵向应力动力系数最大值, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
横向 位置 纵向位置
活动 端 1/8 跨 1/4 跨 3/4 跨 跨中 5/8 跨 3/4 跨 7/8 跨 固定 端
L4 1.170 1.171 1.199 1.221 1.231 1.216 1.185 1.198 1.209
L3 1.161 1.157 1.194 1.221 1.230 1.215 1.181 1.199 1.219
L2 1.156 1.142 1.190 1.221 1.229 1.214 1.178 1.199 1.216
L1 1.119 1.121 1.184 1.220 1.226 1.213 1.173 1.200 1.204
M0 1.115 1.109 1.181 1.218 1.224 1.207 1.170 1.199 1.181
R1 1.108 1.113 1.181 1.216 1.222 1.208 1.171 1.198 1.202
R2 1.132 1.130 1.183 1.215 1.222 1.208 1.173 1.196 1.214
R3 1.145 1.144 1.186 1.214 1.222 1.207 1.176 1.194 1.217
R4 1.158 1.159 1.190 1.214 1.223 1.207 1.178 1.193 1.205
), ArticleFig(id=1154040283126816915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744612543218568, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Maximum dynamic coefficients of the lateral stresses, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
横向 位置 纵向位置
活动 端 1/8 跨 1/4 跨 3/4 跨 跨中 5/8 跨 3/4 跨 7/8路 固定 端
L4 1.042 1.035 1.125 1.203 1.208 1.236 1.085 1.128 1.157
L3 1.154 1.113 1.361 1.301 1.107 1.362 1.105 1.357 1.151
L2 1.145 1.050 1.047 1.068 1.057 1.023 1.031 1.036 1.161
L1 1.170 1.054 1.010 1.013 1.039 1.035 1.014 1.041 1.048
M0 1.098 1.042 1.013 1.016 1.032 1.038 1.014 1.035 1.047
R1 1.190 1.049 1.011 1.016 1.032 1.040 1.013 1.041 1.044
R2 1.133 1.047 1.042 1.086 1.081 1.053 1.030 1.040 1.174
R3 1.133 1.145 1.159 1.063 1.037 1.117 1.095 1.241 1.151
R4 1.183 1.027 1.130 1.183 1.194 1.229 1.081 1.176 1.207
), ArticleFig(id=1154040283198120087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744612543218568, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=横向应力动力系数最大值, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
横向 位置 纵向位置
活动 端 1/8 跨 1/4 跨 3/4 跨 跨中 5/8 跨 3/4 跨 7/8路 固定 端
L4 1.042 1.035 1.125 1.203 1.208 1.236 1.085 1.128 1.157
L3 1.154 1.113 1.361 1.301 1.107 1.362 1.105 1.357 1.151
L2 1.145 1.050 1.047 1.068 1.057 1.023 1.031 1.036 1.161
L1 1.170 1.054 1.010 1.013 1.039 1.035 1.014 1.041 1.048
M0 1.098 1.042 1.013 1.016 1.032 1.038 1.014 1.035 1.047
R1 1.190 1.049 1.011 1.016 1.032 1.040 1.013 1.041 1.044
R2 1.133 1.047 1.042 1.086 1.081 1.053 1.030 1.040 1.174
R3 1.133 1.145 1.159 1.063 1.037 1.117 1.095 1.241 1.151
R4 1.183 1.027 1.130 1.183 1.194 1.229 1.081 1.176 1.207
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城轨U型梁动力系数的理论与试验研究
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白唐瀛 1 , 李慧 2 , 田宇 1 , 陈轶鹏 1 , 潘艳阳 3 , 夏超逸 3
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(3): 109-116
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(3): 109-116
城轨U型梁动力系数的理论与试验研究
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白唐瀛1 , 李慧2, 田宇1, 陈轶鹏1, 潘艳阳3, 夏超逸3
作者信息
  • 1 北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司 北京 100037
  • 2 南京地铁建设有限责任公司 南京 210017
  • 3 北京交通大学 北京 100044
  • 白唐瀛,男,本科,正高级工程师,现从事桥梁和高架车站结构方面设计工作,

通讯作者:

夏超逸,男,博士,副教授,现从事桥梁结构动力分析、车桥耦合动力学等研究工作,
Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Dynamic Coefficient of a U-shaped Girder for Urban Rail Transit
Tangying BAI1 , Hui LI2, Yu TIAN1, Yipeng CHEN1, Yanyang PAN3, Chaoyi XIA3
Affiliations
  • 1 Beijing Urban Construction Design and Development Group Co., Ltd. Beijing 100037
  • 2 Nanjing Metro Construction Co., Ltd. Nanjing 210017
  • 3 Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.015
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城市轨道交通U型梁沿顺桥向和横桥向的受力存在差异,而按现有设计规范U型梁桥取1.40的动力系数会导致材料浪费。针对该类结构的双向受力特征,以南京地铁S6号线U型梁为工程实例,建立车桥耦合振动模型;通过对比测试和计算结果,验证了所建模型的有效性;并通过改变车辆速度和编组,分析不同响应的动力系数。研究结果表明:梁底只承受纵向拉应力,但同一截面内却同时存在横向拉、压应力;挠度、纵向应力和横向应力的动力系数最大值分别为1.231、1.216和1.362,分别出现在6车满员和6车定员编组的工况中;在确定单线U型梁的动力系数时,应该考虑列车编组的影响,并根据受力方向对动力系数值加以区别,建议在计算挠度和纵向应力时取1.30,而在计算横向应力时仍取1.40。本研究旨在提出U型梁动力系数的合理取值,并为结构优化提供参考。

城市轨道交通  /  U型梁  /  动力系数  /  车桥耦合振动  /  双向受力  /  列车编组

The mechanical behaviors of Ushaped girders in urban rail transit differ in the spanning and transverse directions, and a dynamic coefficient of 1.40 in the current design code will result in material waste. Considering the bidirectional stressing characteristics, the Ushaped girder of the Nanjing Subway Line S6 Urban Rail Transit was selected as a case study, and a trainbridge coupling dynamic model was established. The effectiveness of the model was verified by comparing the test and calculated results. The dynamic coefficients of the different responses were analyzed by changing the train speed and formation. The results indicate that the girder bottom only bears longitudinal tensile stress but carries both transverse tensile and compressive stresses in the same section. The maximum dynamic coefficients of the deflection, longitudinal stress, and lateral stress were 1.231, 1.216, and 1.362, respectively, in the fulland fixedload cases of the 6car formation. When determining the dynamic coefficients of a singletrack Ushaped girder, the influence of the train formation should be considered, and the values should be distinguished according to the stressing directions. We recommend a value of 1.30 when calculating the deflection and longitudinal stress and 1.40 when calculating the lateral stress. This paper proposes reasonable values for the dynamic coefficients of Ushaped girders and provides a reference for structural optimization.

urban rail transit  /  U-shaped girder  /  dynamic coefficient  /  train-bridge dynamics  /  biaxial stress  /  train formation
白唐瀛, 李慧, 田宇, 陈轶鹏, 潘艳阳, 夏超逸. 城轨U型梁动力系数的理论与试验研究. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (3) : 109 -116 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.015
Tangying BAI, Hui LI, Yu TIAN, Yipeng CHEN, Yanyang PAN, Chaoyi XIA. Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Dynamic Coefficient of a U-shaped Girder for Urban Rail Transit[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (3) : 109 -116 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.015
$\mathrm{U}$ 型梁结构具有建筑高度低、降噪效果好、断面空间利用率高、行车安全性强、外形美观和视觉效果好等优点 [ 1 ] 。目前,针对轨道交通 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁的静、动力性能,已经开展了大量研究。罗文俊等 [ 2 ] 建立城市轨道交通单线 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁有限元模型,分析了垂向轮轨力作用下的结构振动及其近场、远场的结构噪声特性, 并分析了各板件的声贡献量。张迅等 [ 3 ] 采用边界元分析方法,就 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁对轮轨噪声的遮蔽效应开展了定量分析和影响因素研究, 并与箱形梁的算例进行了对比。 Li 等 [ 4 ] 使用三维振动声学有限元方法,比较了不同截面混凝土桥梁的振动和噪声特性,发现通常情况下 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁的总体噪声水平略低于箱形梁。田宇等 [ 5 ] 计算了 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁在各温度梯度工况下的温度应力及变形值,并提出了可用于工程设计的温度梯度模式。
桥梁动力系数的确定比较复杂, 通常要考虑不同时速的列车荷载作用下结构的变形和应力状态。Zhang 等 [ 6 ] 分析了随机车流作用下桥梁的动力系数和等效均布荷载, 并采用蒙特卡洛模拟获得了特定跨度的桥梁动力响应。Ma 等 [ 7 ] 选择 15 座连续梁桥进行车桥耦合振动分析,发现共振现象会使结构动力系数显著增加。 Liu 等 [ 8 ] 提出了一种在不同列车荷载条件下获得大跨度宽梁铁路桥梁动力系数的方法, 并将该方法应用于长期监测数据的动力系数分析中。
$\mathrm{U}$ 型梁的受力特点与常见箱形梁差异较大。在竖向力作用下, $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁底板不仅承受纵向弯矩,还承受横向弯矩, 进而产生双向挠曲。吴亮秦等 [ 9 - 10 ] 运用现场测试和车桥耦合振动理论, 分析了双线分离式简支 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁的车桥振动响应,计算了道床板纵、横向应力的分布特点, 并指出在设计中应分别考虑纵向和横向应力动力系数的差异。目前, 在我国地铁高架桥设计中,列车活载按照列车竖向静活载乘以动力系数 $1 +\mu$ 进行计算。在《城市轨道交通桥梁设计规范》(GB/T51234-2017)[11] 中,单线 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁桥的动力系数 $1 +\mu$ 宜取 1.40。 用单一的动力系数开展结构强度和刚度设计会比较便利,但是,由于 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁横向和纵向受力存在差异,单一动力系数的设计方法也导致了材料浪费。同时, 现有研究并未考虑列车编组的影响。因此, 有必要针对复杂的列车编组,开展考虑双向受力的 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁动力系数综合研究。
以南京轨道交通 S6 号线为工程背景, 通过现场试验和车桥耦合计算,探讨了 ${30}\mathrm{\;m}$ 单线简支 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁车致振动响应的空间分布规律。系统性分析列车编组和速度对结构挠度、纵向和横向应力动力系数的影响, 并给出计算结构顺桥向和横桥向响应时的动力系数值。本研究旨在提出考虑结构受力方向的城市轨道交通 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁动力系数取值建议,为今后的结构设计和尺寸优化提供参考。
南京城市轨道交通 S6 号线采用 4 节编组 B 型列车,最高运行速度 ${120}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ 。B 型地铁列车是一种城市轨道交通车辆类型, 其基本尺寸如 图 1 所示。
采用 ${30}\mathrm{\;m}$ 预应力混凝土简支 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁,梁高 ${1.80}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 梁底宽 ${3.91}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,跨中和支座位置的底板厚度分别为 ${260}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${400}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。结构关键位置截面如 图 2 所示。
采用直接耦合法建立车桥系统的运动方程, 其表达式为 [ 12 ] :
$\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{\mathbf{M}}_{\mathrm{{tt}}}& 0 \\ 0 &{\mathbf{M}}_{\mathrm{{bb}}}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{\ddot{\mathbf{X}}}_{\mathrm{t}}\\{\ddot{\mathbf{X}}}_{\mathrm{b}}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack +\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathrm{{tt}}}& {\mathbf{C}}_{\mathrm{{tb}}}\\{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathrm{{bt}}}& {\mathbf{C}}_{\mathrm{{bb}}}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{\dot{\mathbf{X}}}_{\mathrm{t}}\\{\dot{\mathbf{X}}}_{\mathrm{b}}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
$+ \left\lbrack \begin{array}{ll}{\mathbf{K}}_{\mathrm{{tt}}}& {\mathbf{K}}_{\mathrm{{tb}}}\\{\mathbf{K}}_{\mathrm{{bt}}}& {\mathbf{K}}_{\mathrm{{bb}}}\end{array}\right\rbrack \left\lbrack \begin{array}{l}{\mathbf{X}}_{\mathrm{t}}\\{\mathbf{X}}_{\mathrm{b}}\end{array}\right\rbrack =\left\lbrack \begin{array}{l}{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{t}}\\{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{b}}\end{array}\right\rbrack $
式中,下标 “ $\mathrm{t}$ ” 和 “ $\mathrm{b}$ ” 分别表示车辆和桥梁。 ${\mathbf{X}}_{\mathrm{t}}$${\dot{\mathbf{X}}}_{\mathrm{t}}$${\ddot{\mathbf{X}}}_{\mathrm{t}}$ 分别为车辆的位移、速度和加速度向量; ${\mathbf{X}}_{\mathrm{b}}$${\dot{\mathbf{X}}}_{\mathrm{b}}$${\ddot{\mathbf{X}}}_{\mathrm{b}}$ 分别为桥梁的位移、速度和加速度向量。 ${\mathbf{M}}_{\mathrm{{tt}}}$${\mathbf{M}}_{\mathrm{{bb}}}\text{、}{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathrm{{tt}}}\text{、}{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathrm{{bb}}}\text{、}{\mathbf{K}}_{\mathrm{{tt}}}$${\mathbf{K}}_{\mathrm{{bb}}}$ 分别为车辆和桥梁的质量、 阻尼、刚度子矩阵; ${\mathbf{C}}_{\mathrm{{tb}}}\text{、}{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathrm{{bt}}}\text{、}{\mathbf{K}}_{\mathrm{{tb}}}$${\mathbf{K}}_{\mathrm{{tb}}}$ 分别为车辆和桥梁相互作用的阻尼、刚度矩阵; ${\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{t}}$${\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{b}}$ 为车辆和桥梁各自受到的轮轨力向量。采用美国六级谱拟合桥上的轨道不平顺。
本文假定轮轨在竖向满足密贴关系, 采用线性简化蠕滑理论模拟横向轮轨接触, 即忽略轮对前进方向及摇头方向的蠕滑力,而只考虑横摆方向的蠕滑力, 且该蠕滑力为轮轨横向运动和蠕滑系数的乘积。计算中蠕滑系数 ${c}_{\mathrm{w}- \mathrm{r}}$ 为:
${c}_{\mathrm{w}- \mathrm{r}}= -\frac{{S}_{22}{r}^{2/3}}{V}{G}^{2/3}$
式中, $V$ 为行车速度, $\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s};G$ 为列车静轴重, $\mathrm{N}$ ; 参数 ${S}_{22}{r}^{2/3}$ 可以通过轮对半径确定 [ 12 ]
现场试验时运营的车辆编组为 “动车+拖车+拖车+动车”,行驶速度为 ${110}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ 。沿着 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁的 $1/4$ 跨、跨中、3/4 跨、靠近活动端和固定端(分别距离梁端 ${1.0}\mathrm{\;m}$ )选取关键断面。每个断面上,在两侧腹板与底板交界位置、底板中心位置布置位移传感器和应变片, 分别测试挠度以及纵、横向应变。测试点布置如 图 3 所示。测试现场如 图 4 所示。
计算得到典型断面处测点的挠度时程曲线, 并与测试值进行对比, 如 图 5 所示。计算得到的位移峰值略大于实测峰值, 除个别时刻底板中心处误差超过 ${1.2}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 外,其余误差都在 $1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 以内。由于计算轴重是通过乘客人数粗略估算得到, 且未掌握现场的高低和水平轨道不平顺状况, 因此产生计算误差。但总体上, 曲线的线形基本吻合。
计算得到各断面测点的纵向及横向应变曲线, 并与测试值进行对比, 如 图 6 所示。除右侧腹板外侧与底板交界处的横向应变计算值小于测试值外, 在其余测点上均为计算值大于测试值, 且越接近底板纵向和横向中心, 误差越小。将其换算为应力, 则纵向和横向应力的最大误差分别为 ${0.46}\mathrm{{MPa}}$${0.28}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 。误差的产生主要考虑到现场无法准确掌握列车载重的纵、 横向分布以及轨道各向不平顺状况, 且应变测试易受环境等因素影响。但是, 计算和测试得到的应变时程曲线形状基本吻合, 笔者认为计算模型可以反映实际桥梁的动力响应。在同一横截面内, 腹板外侧与底板交界处、底板中心均为纵向拉应变, 且幅值较为接近, 分布规律与挠度类似。尽管跨中区域底板的横向应变明显小于纵向应变, 但却存在拉、压两种状态。由于 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁腹板对底板横向受力产生约束作用,腹板外侧与底板交界处主要为压应变, 而底板中心则为拉应变。横向应变的分布复杂, 需要在动力系数分析中单独加以考虑。
通过对比可以发现, 测试与计算结果比较接近, 证明本文建立的车桥耦合动力模型, 可用于预测车辆引起的桥梁变形及应变(应力)状况。
沿着梁体的 1/8 跨、1/4 跨、3/8 跨、跨中、5/8 跨、 3/4 跨、7/8 跨、靠近活动端和固定端(分别距离梁端 ${1.0}\mathrm{\;m}$ )选取 图 3 中的计算点,计算动力响应。
列车以 ${120}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ 的最大运营速度穿过桥梁时, 关键位置的竖向挠度时程如 图 7 所示。越接近梁体跨中, 结构的竖向挠度就越大, 跨中位置挠度接近 ${6.0}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ; 而对于同一断面上的节点,其挠度差异并不明显。
列车以 ${120}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ 穿过桥梁时,关键位置的纵向应力时程如 图 8 所示。当车辆通过时, 远离梁端的关键点主要承受纵向拉应力,且最大拉应力超过了 ${1.5}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ; 在梁端附近, 梁底以受压为主, 且固定端附近的压应力大于活动端。由于支座的约束作用。
列车以 ${120}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ 穿过桥梁时,关键位置的横向应力时程如 图 9 所示。与 图 8 相比, 图 9 中横向应力分布比纵向应力更复杂, 在列车通过时, 同一截面内底板同时承受横向拉应力和压应力。受支座约束的影响, 从跨中向支座延伸, 截面上承受横向压应力的区域不断增大。
文中桥梁结构动力系数定义如下:
$ 1 +\mu =\frac{{D}_{\mathrm{{dy}}}}{{D}_{\mathrm{{st}}}}$
式中, ${D}_{\mathrm{{dy}}}$ 为移动列车引起的结构动力响应; ${D}_{\mathrm{{st}}}$ 为设计活载引起的结构静力响应, 该值是在车桥耦合模型中将列车以 ${1.0}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ 行进而计算得到。
在前文基础上, 结合南京地铁 S6 号线的远期运输目标,考虑了 “动车+动车+拖车+拖车+动车+动车” 的 6 车编组。令列车以 ${60}\sim {160}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ 的速度行驶(速度增量 ${10}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ ),计算得到挠度的动力系数,如 图 10 所示。 由于车桥共振现象的存在, 挠度动力系数并非随车速单调增加,各工况最大值均出现在 ${140}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ ; 考虑 6 车满员编组时, 动力系数达到最大值 1.231 , 其他编组的最大值也都在 1.20 左右。
各工况纵向应力的动力系数, 如 图 11 所示。纵向应力动力系数的分布规律与挠度动力系数分布非常相似; 当 6 车满员编组的列车速度为 ${140}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ 时,动力系数达到最大值 1.216; 6 车编组的 3 种工况, 其动力系数均大于 4 车编组对应工况。
各工况横向应力的动力系数, 如 图 12 所示。横向应力的动力系数最大值明显大于挠度和纵向应力动力系数, 且随车速的分布规律也略有不同; 4 车满员编组和所有 6 车编组工况,其最大值出现在 ${140}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ , 而 4 车空车和定员编组,最大值出现在 ${150}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ 。综合来看, 横向应力的动力系数最大值为 1.362, 发生在 6 车定员编组的工况。在确定动力系数时, 不应忽视列车编组的影响。
根据以上分析, 可以发现挠度和纵向应力动力系数的分布规律类似, 且最大值都小于 1.30 。综合各编组工况下挠度和纵向应力动力系数的结果, 得到考虑以上两种动力响应的各关键点动力系数最大值, 如 表 1 所示。在靠近活动支座、 $1/8$ 跨、 $1/4$ 跨、 $5/8$ 跨和 7/8 跨位置,其动力系数都小于 1.20。而在 $3/4$ 跨、 跨中、5/8 跨和靠近固定端动力系数大于 1.20。
同理, 得到各个关键点横向应力动力系数最大值, 如 表 2 所示。超过 1.30 的横向应力动力系数出现在 $1/4$ 跨、 $3/4$ 跨、 $5/8$ 跨和 $7/8$ 跨的腹板与底板交界中心位置。
对于本文考虑的车速范围, 挠度、纵向应力和横向应力的动力系数最大值分别为 1.231、1.216 和 1.362。 众所周知, 较小的动力系数意味着较低的列车设计活载, 从而降低主梁上的内力, 减小底板厚度。结合以上结果, 有必要根据结构的受力方向来区分动力系数取值, 以达到合理优化尺寸和有效节约材料的目的。 考虑到实际运营车速和设计预留冗余, 建议按照受力方向对单线 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁动力系数加以区分: 在考虑挠度和纵向应力等顺桥向响应时取 1.30 ,考虑横向应力等横桥向响应时仍按现行规范取 1.40。
以南京地铁 $\mathrm{S}6$ 号线某跨度 ${30}\mathrm{\;m}$ 单线 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁为工程实例, 采用现场实测与车桥耦合计算获得了列车过桥的结构动力响应,并分析了 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁动力系数。得出以下主要结论。
1) 列车通过时, $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁底板关键点沿纵向均承受拉应力, 但沿横向却同时存在拉、压应力。越靠近支座, 截面上承受横向压应力的区域就越大。需要在动力系数分析中,考虑结构的双向受力状况。
2) 主梁挠度、纵向应力和横向应力的动力系数最大值分别为 1.231、1.216 和 1.362 , 分别出现在 6 车满员和 6 车定员编组工况中。在确定 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁动力系数时, 应考虑列车编组的影响。
3) 为使结构设计更加合理并节约材料, 有必要对结构顺桥向和横桥向的动力系数进行区分。建议在计算单线 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁的挠度和纵向应力时取 1.30,而在计算横向应力时仍按现行规范取 1.40。
在本文试验区间内, 列车载客率较低, 且车速在 ${110}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ 左右,尚需对更多编组和车速开展测试。此外,还存在双线和曲线 $\mathrm{U}$ 型梁,其动力响应受到列车荷载偏心、列车离心力、轨道超高等影响。后续应针对不同跨径、平面线形、线路数量的工况, 开展更广泛的理论与试验研究, 并对底板的参数优化进行探讨。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51878036)
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2024年第37卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.015
  • 接收时间:2023-07-16
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-16
  • 修回日期:2024-02-07
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51878036)
作者信息
    1 北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司 北京 100037
    2 南京地铁建设有限责任公司 南京 210017
    3 北京交通大学 北京 100044

通讯作者:

夏超逸,男,博士,副教授,现从事桥梁结构动力分析、车桥耦合动力学等研究工作,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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