Article(id=1149744594897777480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1684252800000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-17, revisedDate=1699804800000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050072645, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050072645, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050072645, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050072645, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149744594201523010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='177', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050072478, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780147518, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001054903685255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001054903685256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=22, endPage=31, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149744595321402187, articleId=1149744594897777480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Research Review of Slow Traffic Systems in Urban Rail Transit Station Areas: A CiteSpace Analysis, columnId=1152669340382966151, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Forum of Rapid Rail Transit, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The optimization of slow traffic systems in urban rail transit stations improves the operational efficiency of rail transit, upgrades the spatial quality of stations, and promotes the integration of stations and cities. To provide a reference for planning theories and practical research in this field in China, based on the literature related to slow traffic systems in urban rail transit station areas in WoS and CNKI core databases, and with the aid of CiteSpace, a literature analysis tool, this paper outlines the temporal, national, disciplinary, and journal distributions, analyzes the historical development of research and identifies recent hotspots: synergy research of stations and cities, shared bicycle transfer research, and accessibility research. In addition, the current progress in four key research directions is reviewed: slow traffic accessibility, slow traffic environment, slow traffic transfer, and slow traffic facility planning. Moreover, this paper proposes future research directions that can be expanded in terms of research object, method, and scope.

, correspAuthors=Dongxue FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Dongxue FU, Shengrui ZHANG, Quanhua HOU, Meng ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149744605639390140, articleId=1149744594897777480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=城市轨道交通站域慢行系统研究进展————基于 CiteSpace 的计量分析, columnId=1152669340680761737, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=快轨论坛, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

优化城市轨道交通站域慢行系统对提高轨道交通运行效率、升级站点空间品质、促进站城一体化建设具有正向作用。为整体了解城市轨道交通站域慢行系统近年来的研究进展,借助计量分析工具 CiteSpace 对 WoS 和中国知网(CNKI)核心数据库中城市轨道交通站域慢行系统相关文献进行统计与分析。首先,概述文献时空、领域及期刊分布情况,剖析研究发展历程,并识别出近期研究热点为建成环境站城协同、共享单车接驳及可达性研究;然后,重点分析慢行可达性、慢行环境、慢行接驳及慢行设施规划4个方向的研究进展情况;最后,从研究对象、方法、范围等角度提出未来的研究发展方向。本文研究成果以期为我国轨道交通站域慢行系统的理论规划及实践研究提供借鉴与参考。

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傅东雪,女,博士研究生,助教,主要从事轨道交通站城一体开发研究,

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傅东雪,女,博士研究生,助教,主要从事轨道交通站城一体开发研究,

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Urban mass transit, 2019, 22(9): 99-103., articleTitle=Multi-dimensional traffic system design for the upper cover development of genshanmen EMU station in Hangzhou, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154040270967530265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744594897777480, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=96, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=70, authorNames=熊伟, journalName=建筑学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=熊伟. 轨道交通商业综合体步行系统设计:上海地铁 11 号线两个站点综合开发项目设计比较研究[J]. 建筑学报, 2011. 12): 96-99., articleTitle=轨道交通商业综合体步行系统设计:上海地铁 11 号线两个站点综合开发项目设计比较研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154040271026250523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744594897777480, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=96, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=71, authorNames=XIONG Wei, journalName=Architectural journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference= XIONG Wei . Pedestrian system design for commercial complex of rail transit: comparison study on integrated development project of two stations of shangahi metro line 11[J]. Architectural journal, 2011. 12): 96-99., articleTitle=Pedestrian system design for commercial complex of rail transit: comparison study on integrated development project of two stations of shangahi metro line 11, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154040271072387869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744594897777480, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=57, issue=S1, pageStart=34, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=72, authorNames=邢晓, 马晨骁, 彭芳乐, journalName=现代隧道技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邢晓, 马晨骁, 彭芳乐. 站域地下公共空间的交通绩 效研究:以上海五角场、徐家汇和花木副中心为例[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2020, 57(S1): 34-39., articleTitle=站域地下公共空间的交通绩 效研究:以上海五角场、徐家汇和花木副中心为例, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154040271105942303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744594897777480, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=57, issue=S1, pageStart=34, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=73, authorNames=XING Xiao, MA Chenxiao, PENG Fangle, journalName=Modern tunnelling technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= XING Xiao , MA Chenxiao , PENG Fangle . 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on slow traffic in urban rail station areas, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
研究方向 核心研究内容 代表文献 被引频次 主要结论
站域慢行可达 性研究 步行可达性影响 因素研究 文献[ 5 ] 39 社会经济因素、站域土地利用、交通设施及街道设施设计对城市轨交站点 步行可达性水平具有显著影响作用
站域慢行环境 研究 步行环境评价 研究 文献[ 6 ] 199 步行者首要关注步行环境的便捷性;其次,安全性、连续性和愉悦性等其 他环境特征也会影响步行者对步行环境的评价
建成环境与骑行 接驳关系研究 文献[ 7 ] 109 土地利用混合度、单车专用道与骑行接驳频率呈正相关,而地铁分布密集 度、主要街道交叉口密度与骑行接驳频率呈负相关
站域慢行接驳 研究 骑行接驳影响 因素研究 文献[ 8 ] 133 出行距离、土地利用混合度、使用者态度、收入水平对使用者是否选择骑 行接驳具有显著影响作用
骑行接驳时空 特征研究 文献[ 9 ] 98 骑行接驳频率在高峰和非高峰、工作日和非工作日、市中心和郊区间存在 明确的时空差异;建成环境要素对骑行接驳的影响作用也具有时空差异
站域慢行设施 规划设计研究 TOD视角下慢行 系统规划研究 文献[ 10 ] 49 应通过功能混合、开发强度、街区尺度、慢行交通、停车管理和公共空间 6 个方面,针对不同 TOD 类型和圈层形成指标控制
), ArticleFig(id=1154040264999035518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744594897777480, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=城市轨交站域慢行系统研究核心内容、代表文献及主要结论, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
研究方向 核心研究内容 代表文献 被引频次 主要结论
站域慢行可达 性研究 步行可达性影响 因素研究 文献[ 5 ] 39 社会经济因素、站域土地利用、交通设施及街道设施设计对城市轨交站点 步行可达性水平具有显著影响作用
站域慢行环境 研究 步行环境评价 研究 文献[ 6 ] 199 步行者首要关注步行环境的便捷性;其次,安全性、连续性和愉悦性等其 他环境特征也会影响步行者对步行环境的评价
建成环境与骑行 接驳关系研究 文献[ 7 ] 109 土地利用混合度、单车专用道与骑行接驳频率呈正相关,而地铁分布密集 度、主要街道交叉口密度与骑行接驳频率呈负相关
站域慢行接驳 研究 骑行接驳影响 因素研究 文献[ 8 ] 133 出行距离、土地利用混合度、使用者态度、收入水平对使用者是否选择骑 行接驳具有显著影响作用
骑行接驳时空 特征研究 文献[ 9 ] 98 骑行接驳频率在高峰和非高峰、工作日和非工作日、市中心和郊区间存在 明确的时空差异;建成环境要素对骑行接驳的影响作用也具有时空差异
站域慢行设施 规划设计研究 TOD视角下慢行 系统规划研究 文献[ 10 ] 49 应通过功能混合、开发强度、街区尺度、慢行交通、停车管理和公共空间 6 个方面,针对不同 TOD 类型和圈层形成指标控制
), ArticleFig(id=1154040265061950081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744594897777480, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Factors influencing the accessibility of slow traffic in urban rail station areas, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 影响因素
土地利用 站域土地利用性质 [ 11 ] 、混合度; 土地开发强度、密度
交通设施 街道网络的形态和连续性 [ 12 ]
步(骑)行道密度、长宽、质量 [ 13 ]
交叉口密度[ 14 ]
过街设施等级[ 15 ]
环境设计 绿化设计、沿街设施设计[ 11 ]
天气因素 百年洪涝灾害[ 16 ]
), ArticleFig(id=1154040265112281732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744594897777480, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=城市轨交站域慢行可达性影响因素研究, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 影响因素
土地利用 站域土地利用性质 [ 11 ] 、混合度; 土地开发强度、密度
交通设施 街道网络的形态和连续性 [ 12 ]
步(骑)行道密度、长宽、质量 [ 13 ]
交叉口密度[ 14 ]
过街设施等级[ 15 ]
环境设计 绿化设计、沿街设施设计[ 11 ]
天气因素 百年洪涝灾害[ 16 ]
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城市轨道交通站域慢行系统研究进展————基于 CiteSpace 的计量分析
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傅东雪 1 , 张生瑞 2 , 侯全华 1 , 赵萌 1
都市快轨交通 | 快轨论坛 2024,37(3): 22-31
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都市快轨交通 | 快轨论坛 2024, 37(3): 22-31
城市轨道交通站域慢行系统研究进展————基于 CiteSpace 的计量分析
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傅东雪1 , 张生瑞2, 侯全华1, 赵萌1
作者信息
  • 1 长安大学 建筑学院 西安 710061
  • 2 长安大学 运输工程学院 西安 710064
  • 傅东雪,女,博士研究生,助教,主要从事轨道交通站城一体开发研究,

Research Review of Slow Traffic Systems in Urban Rail Transit Station Areas: A CiteSpace Analysis
Dongxue FU1 , Shengrui ZHANG2, Quanhua HOU1, Meng ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Architecture Chang'an University Xi'an 710061
  • 2 College of Transportation Engineering Chang'an University Xi'an 710064
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.003
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优化城市轨道交通站域慢行系统对提高轨道交通运行效率、升级站点空间品质、促进站城一体化建设具有正向作用。为整体了解城市轨道交通站域慢行系统近年来的研究进展,借助计量分析工具 CiteSpace 对 WoS 和中国知网(CNKI)核心数据库中城市轨道交通站域慢行系统相关文献进行统计与分析。首先,概述文献时空、领域及期刊分布情况,剖析研究发展历程,并识别出近期研究热点为建成环境站城协同、共享单车接驳及可达性研究;然后,重点分析慢行可达性、慢行环境、慢行接驳及慢行设施规划4个方向的研究进展情况;最后,从研究对象、方法、范围等角度提出未来的研究发展方向。本文研究成果以期为我国轨道交通站域慢行系统的理论规划及实践研究提供借鉴与参考。

城市轨道交通  /  慢行系统  /  CiteSpace  /  研究综述  /  共享单车

The optimization of slow traffic systems in urban rail transit stations improves the operational efficiency of rail transit, upgrades the spatial quality of stations, and promotes the integration of stations and cities. To provide a reference for planning theories and practical research in this field in China, based on the literature related to slow traffic systems in urban rail transit station areas in WoS and CNKI core databases, and with the aid of CiteSpace, a literature analysis tool, this paper outlines the temporal, national, disciplinary, and journal distributions, analyzes the historical development of research and identifies recent hotspots: synergy research of stations and cities, shared bicycle transfer research, and accessibility research. In addition, the current progress in four key research directions is reviewed: slow traffic accessibility, slow traffic environment, slow traffic transfer, and slow traffic facility planning. Moreover, this paper proposes future research directions that can be expanded in terms of research object, method, and scope.

urban rail transportation  /  slow traffic system  /  CiteSpace  /  research review  /  shared bicycles
傅东雪, 张生瑞, 侯全华, 赵萌. 城市轨道交通站域慢行系统研究进展————基于 CiteSpace 的计量分析. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (3) : 22 -31 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.003
Dongxue FU, Shengrui ZHANG, Quanhua HOU, Meng ZHAO. Research Review of Slow Traffic Systems in Urban Rail Transit Station Areas: A CiteSpace Analysis[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (3) : 22 -31 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.003
我国城市轨道交通(简称 “轨交”) 建设目前正处于快速增长期, 截至 2023 年 9 月底, 我国内地已有 58 个城市投运城轨交通线路,运营里程累计达 ${10841.59}{\mathrm{\;{km}}}^{\left\lbrack 1\right\rbrack }$ 。 作为城市轨交体系的重要组成部分, 站域慢行系统的优化在促进 “最后一公里” 快速接驳、提高交通运行效率的同时, 对于提升城市生活品质、发挥站点空间价值方面也起到积极作用, 是实现站城一体化建设实践的重要因素 [ 2 ] 。然而,由于现阶段我国城市补偿性建设模式, 慢行系统、轨道交通、城市空间三者未能高效协同, 出现了站域公共空间浪费、人群流量分布不均、步行可达性偏低、骑行配套设施落后、慢行换乘效率低下等问题 [ 3 ] 。因此,有效开展城市轨交站域慢行系统研究已成为当下社会各界的关注焦点和研究热点, 学界也积累了大量相关研究成果以推动站城协同发展。
本文基于 Web of Science(WoS)和中国知网(CNKI) 核心数据库中城市轨交站域慢行系统相关文献, 借助计量分析工具 CiteSpace, 对领域内的文献分布、研究历程、研究热点及研究进展进行了梳理与总结, 以期为后续城市轨交站域慢行系统领域的规划理论及实践研究提供借鉴与参考。
为整体了解城市轨交站域慢行系统近年来的研究进展, 本文以 WoS 数据库中的核心数据合集作为英文文献来源, 以主题=rail station 及其同义词, 和主题= slow traffic OR walk OR cycle 及其同义词的合集作为检索条件, 文献类型选择 articles、reviews, 语种设置为 English。中文文献采集基于 CNKI, 主题词选择 “轨道交通、轨道站点、地铁站” 与 “慢行、步行、骑行” 的合集, 文献类型选择北大核心、CSSCI、CSCD。中英文检索均不限时间, 对检索结果去重并删除无作者及不相关条目后, 截至 2022 年 12 月 14 日,共检索出英文文献 520 篇,中文文献 220 篇。借助专业文献分析工具 CiteSpace 对检索所得文献的作者、国家、机构、主题词等数据进行处理, 通过共现、聚类分析可视化图谱挖掘领域的知识结构、发展脉络以及研究热点 [ 4 ]
中英文文献发表数量年度变化图如 图 1 所示, 城市轨交站域慢行系统研究基本集中在近 20 年。自 2008 年起, 英文年刊文量整体呈上升趋势, 2017 年后的显著升幅充分说明了此领域近年在国际上的持续热度。尽管 2022 年刊文量有所降低,但这是否明确表示热度下降, 仍需参考下一年趋势。
中文文献从 2000 年起至今, 年刊文量波幅较低, 增长趋势缓慢且整体数量远低于英文, 但此现象并不表示城市轨交站域慢行系统研究在我国无人问津。英文文献区域分布时间区图如 图 2 所示, 其中紫色年轮厚度代表文献中介中心性高低, 节点年份代表国家文献发表的初始年份, 节点大小代表文献数量。由 图 2 可知, 中国作者自 2000 年起在英文期刊上发文, 逐渐占据最大比例(65%)的同时兼具较高的国际影响力(高中介中心性)。中英文文献主要发文机构分布如 图 3 所示, 发文前 10 的机构中, 我国占据前 9 名。以上事实充分表明了我国高速发展的城市轨道交通与其配套慢行系统的矛盾日益尖锐, 国内学者针对此问题的形成机制、演进过程及解决思路的讨论热度近年来一直未降, 并逐渐形成了以北京交通大学、同济大学和东南大学为领军的研究机构梯队。
紧随我国之后,美国、荷兰、英国、澳大利亚、 印度、加拿大、日本等国家也具有一定热度, 但其机构刊文量较为平均, 并未呈现出明显的核心分布形态, 目前前 3 名集中于印度理工学院、英国伦敦大学学院及荷兰代尔夫特理工大学。值得关注的是,日本虽整体刊文量不高, 但却是最早进行轨交站域慢行系统研究的国家。基于成熟的站城一体化开发实践,其高密度城市慢行系统设计对亚洲城市具有深远的影响。
城市轨交站域慢行系统研究英文文献主要分布在运输、工程、环境、计算机、经济等学科领域, 主要发表在 Transportation Research Record(7.02%)、Journal of Transport Geography(4.36%)、Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice(3.42%)、Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment(3.04%)等期刊上,除第一本为中科院期刊分区表工程技术类 4 区期刊外, 其余三者均为 1、2 区期刊。中文文献则集中在建筑科学与工程及交通运输等学科领域, 主要分布在 《城市规划》(19.67%)、《国际城市规划》(16.39%)、《城市规划学刊》(13.11%)、《城市发展研究》(11.48%)等北大核心及 CSCD 收录期刊内。
以年为单位,以 “标题、摘要、作者关键词、 文档关键词” 作为主题词来源, 分别处理 2000-2022 年和 1998-2022 年内中英文文献数据。结合高被引文献、主题词聚类时间线图(展现词频随时间变化趋势)与主题词突现结果(发现主题词衰落与兴起),梳理研究脉络, 识别近期热点, 并同时结合主题词共现分析与对数似然比(Log-likelihood rate, LLR)聚类标签词, 总结现有重点研究方向。
中英文文献主题词聚类时间线图如 图 4 所示, 其中节点大小和位置代表主题词词频和初现年,年轮色彩和宽度代表年份和当年此主题词的词频高度。由 图 4(a) 可知, 英文时间线图中绝大部分较大节点外圈呈橘红色,且时间越近,节点越小, 分布越零散, 表明整体研究持续性较强, 且方向细分趋势明显,内容多样。中英文文献 TOP15 主题词突现结果如 图 5 所示, 结合 图 5 可将英文文献研究历程大致分为 3 个阶段。阶段 1: 2010 年前, 主要集中于城市区域尺度内站域土地利用与交通互动关系、以公共交通为导向的开发(transit oriented development, TOD)规划管理策略, 以及站点可达性研究。阶段 2: 2010 至 2018 年, 学者们逐渐转向站域尺度人群行为研究, 尤其是站域慢行接驳方式选择行为和使用特征的研究。阶段 3: 2018 年后至今, 伴随着我国共享单车大规模实践, 整体慢行系统优化研究与轨道交通一体化研究数量骤增。
图 4(b) 可知, 中文文献研究方向相比英文虽缺少多样化,但更具集中性,尤其城市轨道交通规划策略和设计研究始终处于主流。配合主题词突现结果将中文研究历程分为 4 个阶段。阶段 1: 2007 年前, 学者们主要关注城市尺度轨道交通一体化发展战略及轨道交通客流分配研究。阶段 2: 2007 至 2016 年, 站域尺度慢行系统和公共空间、接驳方式和接驳距离、 可达性和吸引范围研究开始缓步提升。阶段 3: 2016 至 2019 年,基于大数据的城市轨道交通、站域建成环境及土地利用的适配性研究逐渐崭露头角。阶段 4: 2019 年至今, 站域共享单车时空分布、服务评价及配套设施规划研究成为新一轮热点, 同时, 由于接驳方式变化而引发的站域可达性及站域范围的重新测定也逐渐被学者关注。
综合时间线图中具有红色年轮外圈的主题词, 和中英文文献突现截止时间为 2022 年的主题词可知, 城市轨交站域建成环境的站城协同、站域慢行接驳方式的选择行为以及慢行环境和设施优化研究虽持续多年, 但仍旧热度不减。近几年较为突出的研究热点, 则是与以上 3 个方向息息相关的站域慢行系统的优化、地理加权回归模型的应用、可达性的测算与提升、 共享单车的接驳研究等, 其中尤以共享单车的时空分布、设施规划研究最为热门。
中英文文献热点主题词共现网络图谱如 图 6 所示, 其中紫色年轮厚度代表文献中介中心性高低, 节点大小代表主题词出现频率, 连线粗细代表主题词联系紧密度。由 图 6 可知, 当前研究高频词集中在 accessibility、 built environment, walking, bicycle, behavior, choice, 可达性、公共空间、共享单车、出行方式、吸引范围。 结合主题词时间线图右侧聚类标签词及 图 5 中前 15 位突现词, 配合文献梳理, 将城市轨交站域慢行系统研究核心主题总结为 4 个方向: 慢行可达性研究、慢行环境研究、慢行接驳研究以及慢行设施规划研究, 这 4 个方向的研究内容并非壁垒分明, 而是互有交叉, 紧密相关。
表 1 给出了城市轨交站域慢行系统 4 个主要研究方向的核心研究内容, 介绍了每个方向最相关文献中的最高被引中英文文献及其主要结论。下面对这 4 个研究方向逐一解读。
提升站域慢行可达性对提高公共交通效率、增加站域地产价值、优化城市土地利用、改善城市空间结构、促进社会公平进步具有正向作用。目前国内外研究基本集中于可达性的影响因素及评价方法。
城市轨交站域慢行可达性主要受到建成环境(如交通设施和土地利用)的影响, 如 表 2 所示。但随着其内涵逐渐从单纯物理维度扩展至心理感知维度, 评价内容也转化为从站域慢行安全性、便利度、舒适度和愉悦感等复合层面考察感知可达性。虽然 BIVINA 等 [ 5 ] 通过结构方程模型展现了行人社会经济特征、微尺度和中尺度建成环境因子对站域步行感知可达性的影响作用, 但单个因子的作用机制研究还不够完善。感知可达性领域还缺乏对骑行群体, 包括单车、共享单车、 电动单车、共享电动单车等用户的关注, 目前更多骑行可达性评价研究仅基于便捷性和安全性两个维度。
可达性的研究广度和深度伴随着交通方式的变革、研究技术的迭代而不断拓展。除了评价内容的扩充,研究范围也从地面道路体系延伸至 $3\mathrm{D}$ 空间步行系统 [ 17 ] 。同时,研究主体也进一步细分,如步行体系中对于不同年龄段步行者可达性差异的评测 [ 18 ] ,骑行体系中针对共享单车重新构建了可达性测度模型 [ 19 ] 。 在技术层面, 海量化的互联网数据为研究者结合地理信息系统(geographic information system, GIS)技术, 对站域慢行可达性的测度进行准确定量分析和可视化评价提供了基础 [ 20 ]
改善轨交站域慢行环境能够提升城市生活品质, 增强市民慢行出行意愿, 进而提高轨道交通客流, 该方向研究内容主要集中在站域慢行环境评价研究、慢行环境对出行及接驳方式选择行为的影响机制研究。
在环境评价研究中, 步行性评价相较骑行性或整体慢行性受到更多关注, 已形成较为系统的评价框架, 主要基于不同出行目的对站域步行环境的可达性、 连续性、安全性、愉悦性、适老性等进行综合测评 [ 21 ] 。 评价因素则集中于站域土地利用、交通设施设计、街道空间设计、景观绿化设计等方面 [ 22 - 23 ] ,这些因素对步行接驳的选择行为也具有不同程度的影响作用。
在慢行环境对接驳方式选择行为的影响机制研究中, 共享单车接驳研究目前最为热门。研究发现, 轨交站的骑行可达距离 [ 24 ] 、土地利用混合度 [ 25 ] 、骑行道路及骑行安全 [ 26 ] 是影响居民选择单车接驳的主要因素。并且, 站域慢行环境对共享单车接驳行为的影响作用,在工作日和非工作日 [ 27 ] 、不同文化、有桩和无桩、到达和离开中存在差异 [ 28 ] 。骑行接驳研究中,学界主要聚焦于共享单车, 缺少慢行环境对电动单车或共享电动单车用户选择行为的影响作用研究。学者们主要通过站域行人交通量 [ 29 ] 、轨道交通客流量 [ 30 ] 的变化来反映慢行环境对出行及接驳方式选择行为的影响。虽然研究进一步区分了通勤 [ 31 ] 、通学客流 [ 32 ] ,但在这些客流变化中, 具体是源于步行或是骑行接驳量的增加,还需要更深入的数据统计分析及探讨。
通过调查轨交慢行接驳行为和设施使用现状, 学者们评估了基于不同出行目的的慢行接驳分担率、费用、时间 [ 33 ] 等出行特征,得出影响接驳选择行为的原因除接驳距离或时长、站域慢行环境外, 还包括使用者个人特征、经济水平 [ 34 ] 及对慢行出行方式所持态度 [ 35 ] 等结论。此外, 学者们还重点关注了共享单车接驳行为特征及使用情况, 探讨了不同空间区域和不同时间范围共享单车的分布差异和特征, 发现时空运行特征主要受到人口密度、居住和就业密度、地铁站密度及与地铁站距离的影响 [ 36 - 37 ] 。这些研究对于优化慢行交通管理, 提高接驳效率具有重要指导价值。
基于现状调查, 学者们构建了慢行接驳相关模型, 包括考虑接入与接出全过程的轨交多方式组合出行行为模型 [ 38 ] 、基于时间和费用成本的换乘成本测算模型 [ 39 ] 、单车接驳分担率转移模型 [ 40 ] 、单车接驳数量预测模型 [ 41 ] 等,这些模型可以定量描述轨道交通慢行接驳规律, 优化接驳系统。然而, 对于日益增多的电动单车用户,目前的关注还较为欠缺。
伴随着慢行接驳方式变化和信息技术升级, 站域范围划定研究也开始增多。学者们结合手机移动数据和 GIS 系统 [ 42 ] ,基于成本加权距离法 [ 43 ] 、距离衰减模型 [ 44 ] 、社会力模型和路径选择模型 [ 45 ] 等方法测算慢行接驳距离,重新划定了包括步行、单车、电动单车等多模式接驳的站点多级影响区, 再次论证了共享单车接驳对扩大站域范围的重要作用。
为实现中国 TOD 模式的有效实施, 国内学者从街道网络、慢行交通、接驳设施等方面对我国站域慢行体系的规划原则和设计实践进行了深入探讨。他们指出 [ 2 , 10 , 46 ] ,城市轨道交通站域应基于适宜步行的街区尺度和线网密度, 构建广域互联的立体化步行网络, 优化车站与城市街道的慢行交通衔接, 发展复合化立体车站建筑, 实现一体化综合换乘, 最终达到站城协同的目的。
基于 TOD 慢行系统规划原则, 研究者们将预测所得轨交站慢行交通量分配至站域慢行交通网络 [ 47 ] , 为站点单车和电动单车骑行道及停车场的容量测算、用地配置及布局规划提供依据 [ 48 ] 。其中,共享单车的停车管理问题是目前设施配置研究的一大热点。学者们研究了匹配不同类型站点的共享单车资源配置模型 [ 49 ] 和停车收费机制 [ 50 ] ,对停车场所的设施容量、布局规划以及管理策略提出了建设性意见。然而, 电动单车的时空分布规律及停车设施配置研究目前仍未引起广泛关注。
除站域慢行交通网络、接驳配套设施规划外, 国内学者还以北上广深等高密度城市轨交站房为例, 深入研究了大型轨道交通综合体建筑的零换乘一体化立体慢行交通系统设计策略 [ 51 ] ,并探讨了与商业功能相结合的轨交综合体 [ 52 ] ,或与周边建筑通过地下相连的轨交综合体的步行系统设计原则 [ 53 ]
本文借助 Citespace 文献计量分析软件, 基于文献阅读法梳理了城市轨交站域慢行系统研究的发展历程, 总结了其主要研究方向和研究热点, 并对重点研究内容进行了综述, 以期为我国城市轨交站域慢行系统规划理论及实践研究提供基础。从 1998 至 2022 年,该领域内刊文量整体呈上升趋势, 尤其自 2017 年后, 英文刊文量明显大幅提升,其中中国作者占比超过一半, 充分说明了我国对该领域的关注。其研究方向目前主要集中在慢行可达性、慢行环境、慢行接驳及慢行设施规划设计研究, 近年研究热点则更多聚焦于站域建成环境站城协同、站域可达性提升以及共享单车接驳研究。
虽然城市轨交站域慢行系统研究已经呈现出尺度丰富化、方向细致化、内容多样化的趋势, 但在以下方面还需进行深入研究: 第一, 研究对象的细分。了解慢行系统多类使用主体的不同需求和行为模式, 以实现轨道交通与城市空间的高效协同, 尤其应加强无障碍慢行系统理论研究以应对我国严峻的老龄化趋势, 以及针对日益增长的电动单车用户进行时空分布和行为特征研究。第二,研究方法的更新。基于愈发精确完整的网络人群行为及环境数据, 深入解析人群行为机理, 进而准确预测站域步行及骑行人群流量, 从而为实现慢行系统的精细化规划提供条件。第三, 研究范围的扩展。在鼓励城市存量发展的背景下,应多关注于旧城轨交站域慢行系统的更新研究, 尤其是线路复杂、功能复合的立体轨交站域慢行系统的适应性规划理论及实践研究。第四,研究视野的拓宽。在当前站城一体规划实践中, 站域慢行系统研究不应囿于单纯的街道网络体系, 而应将视野扩展至以车站建筑为中心向外延伸的一体化立体慢行网络, 并同时注重慢行网络与复杂换乘、商业空间及地下开发等发展热点的交叉研究。
  • 陕西省教育厅服务地方专项计划项目(22JE005)
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2024年第37卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.003
  • 接收时间:2023-05-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-17
  • 修回日期:2023-11-13
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陕西省教育厅服务地方专项计划项目(22JE005)
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    1 长安大学 建筑学院 西安 710061
    2 长安大学 运输工程学院 西安 710064
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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