Article(id=1149742085064016337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149742076708962589, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710864000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-20, revisedDate=1716998400000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049474254, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049474254, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049474254, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049474254, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149742076708962589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='143', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752049472262, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780124752, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000959420354689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149742076708962589, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000959420354690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149742076708962589, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=87, endPage=92, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149742085231788503, articleId=1149742085064016337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Deformation Control Technology of High-speed Railway Bridge Side-crossed at a Small Angle by Shield Tunneling in Sandy Stratum, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The mechanism of the geological deformation caused by shield tunneling construction was combined with a threedimensional numerical simulation method to simulate the displacement of bridge piles during the smallangle side crossing of highspeed railway bridge group piles in subway shield tunnels constructed in sandy areas. Analyses were conducted on the mechanism of the impact of metro shield tunnels on highspeed railway bridges when the shield reaches the front of the piles, reaches the piles, and moves past the piles, as well as when the shield tail is detached and after the shield passes the piles. Three protection plans were then proposed for highspeed railway bridges, which included isolation pile measures, geological reinforcement measures, and isolation piles + geological reinforcement. Threedimensional numerical simulations were used to analyze the entire process of shield tunnel boring through the pile groups of highspeed railway bridges under the conditions of no protection scheme and when adopting the above three protection schemes. The findings revealed that without protective measures or with the sole use of ground reinforcement or isolation piles, the deformation of a highspeed railway bridge exceeds the allowable standards during the lateral passage of a shield tunnel. However, with the implementation of both isolation piles and ground reinforcement, the deformation remains within the prescribed limits. After the scheme comparison, the design scheme of isolation piles and ground reinforcement were ultimately adopted for implementation. During the onsite implementation, the entire process was monitored, and the monitoring results were consistent with the numerical calculations, verifying the rationality of the highspeed railway bridge protection plan.

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结合盾构掘进施工引起的地层变形机理,针对砂层内地铁盾构隧道小角度、近距离侧穿高铁桥梁群桩过程中的变形机理进行研究。分析盾构到达桩前、盾构到达桩时、盾构通过桩时、盾尾脱出时、盾构通过桩后,地铁盾构隧道对高铁桥梁的影响机理,并据此提出隔离桩措施、地层加固措施、隔离桩+地层加固 3种高铁桥梁的保护方案。采用三维数值模拟计算的方法对不采取保护方案及采取上述3种保护方案条件下,分别对盾构隧道侧穿高铁桥梁群桩的全过程进行模拟分析。研究结果表明:盾构隧道侧穿高铁桥梁,在区间不采取保护措施、单 独采取地层加固或隔离桩措施的情况下,高铁桥的变形均超过控制标准;采用隔离桩+地层加固措施后,高铁桥 的变形均小于控制标准;经过方案比选,最终采用隔离桩+地层加固的设计方案实施。现场实施时,进行全过程 监测,监测结果与数值计算基本一致,验证了高铁桥梁保护方案的合理性。

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周鑫,男,本科,高级工程师,从事轨道交通工程研究,

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周鑫,男,本科,高级工程师,从事轨道交通工程研究,

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周鑫,男,本科,高级工程师,从事轨道交通工程研究,

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地层 重度/ 压缩模量/ MPa 泊松比 黏聚力/ kPa 内摩擦角/ (°)
素填土 17.0 0 0.3 15 10
中砂 17.6 11.9 0.42 0 30
粗砂 19.7 13.5 0.28 0 33
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地层 重度/ 压缩模量/ MPa 泊松比 黏聚力/ kPa 内摩擦角/ (°)
素填土 17.0 0 0.3 15 10
中砂 17.6 11.9 0.42 0 30
粗砂 19.7 13.5 0.28 0 33
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砼标号 重度/( ) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 备注
C40 钢筋砼 25 34.0 0.2 承台、桩基
C50 钢筋砼 25 35.5 0.2 盾构管片
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砼标号 重度/( ) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 备注
C40 钢筋砼 25 34.0 0.2 承台、桩基
C50 钢筋砼 25 35.5 0.2 盾构管片
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地层 重度/ 压缩模量/ MPa 泊松比 黏聚力/ kPa 内摩擦角/ (°)
中砂 17.6 15 0.5 25 38
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地层 重度/ 压缩模量/ MPa 泊松比 黏聚力/ kPa 内摩擦角/ (°)
中砂 17.6 15 0.5 25 38
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施工情况 无保护措施高铁桥梁变形 地层加固后高铁桥梁变形 隔离桩保护高铁桥梁变形
正线 桥墩 联络线 桥墩 正线 轨道 联络线 轨道 正线 桥墩 联络线 桥墩 正线 轨道 联络线 轨道 正线 桥墩 联络线 桥墩 正线 轨道 联络线 轨道
右线施工过程 3.96 3.28 4.11 3.24 3.03 2.21 3.15 2.56 1.83 1.59 1.93 1.63
左线施工过程 4.24 3.83 4.36 3.87 3.21 2.64 3.26 2.71 1.96 1.84 1.99 2.04
右线施工完成 4.70 4.28 4.86 4.54 3.66 3.02 3.69 3.24 2.22 1.92 2.31 2.36
左线施工完成 4.71 4.29 5.02 4.45 3.87 3.10 3.91 3.36 2.28 2.01 2.34 2.41
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施工情况 无保护措施高铁桥梁变形 地层加固后高铁桥梁变形 隔离桩保护高铁桥梁变形
正线 桥墩 联络线 桥墩 正线 轨道 联络线 轨道 正线 桥墩 联络线 桥墩 正线 轨道 联络线 轨道 正线 桥墩 联络线 桥墩 正线 轨道 联络线 轨道
右线施工过程 3.96 3.28 4.11 3.24 3.03 2.21 3.15 2.56 1.83 1.59 1.93 1.63
左线施工过程 4.24 3.83 4.36 3.87 3.21 2.64 3.26 2.71 1.96 1.84 1.99 2.04
右线施工完成 4.70 4.28 4.86 4.54 3.66 3.02 3.69 3.24 2.22 1.92 2.31 2.36
左线施工完成 4.71 4.29 5.02 4.45 3.87 3.10 3.91 3.36 2.28 2.01 2.34 2.41
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变形位置 竖向 纵向 横向 不均匀
正线桥墩变形 1.26 0.26 0.32 0.76
联络线桥墩变形 0.99 0.57 0.70 0.78
正线轨道变形 1.51 0.28 0.25 0.72
联络线轨道变形 1.12 0.54 0.51 0.69
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变形位置 竖向 纵向 横向 不均匀
正线桥墩变形 1.26 0.26 0.32 0.76
联络线桥墩变形 0.99 0.57 0.70 0.78
正线轨道变形 1.51 0.28 0.25 0.72
联络线轨道变形 1.12 0.54 0.51 0.69
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类别 桥梁 竖向变形 轨道 竖向变形 轨道不均匀变形 (每 10 m)
控制指标 2.00 2.00 2.00
数值计算结果 1.26 1.51 0.78
现场监测结果 1.10 1.20 0.60
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类别 桥梁 竖向变形 轨道 竖向变形 轨道不均匀变形 (每 10 m)
控制指标 2.00 2.00 2.00
数值计算结果 1.26 1.51 0.78
现场监测结果 1.10 1.20 0.60
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砂层内盾构隧道小角度侧穿高铁桥梁群桩控制技术
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周鑫
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(5): 87-92
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(5): 87-92
砂层内盾构隧道小角度侧穿高铁桥梁群桩控制技术
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周鑫
作者信息
  • 西安市轨道交通集团有限公司 西安 710016
  • 周鑫,男,本科,高级工程师,从事轨道交通工程研究,

Deformation Control Technology of High-speed Railway Bridge Side-crossed at a Small Angle by Shield Tunneling in Sandy Stratum
Xin ZHOU
Affiliations
  • Xi'an Corporation of Rail Transit Group Xi'an 710016
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.013
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结合盾构掘进施工引起的地层变形机理,针对砂层内地铁盾构隧道小角度、近距离侧穿高铁桥梁群桩过程中的变形机理进行研究。分析盾构到达桩前、盾构到达桩时、盾构通过桩时、盾尾脱出时、盾构通过桩后,地铁盾构隧道对高铁桥梁的影响机理,并据此提出隔离桩措施、地层加固措施、隔离桩+地层加固 3种高铁桥梁的保护方案。采用三维数值模拟计算的方法对不采取保护方案及采取上述3种保护方案条件下,分别对盾构隧道侧穿高铁桥梁群桩的全过程进行模拟分析。研究结果表明:盾构隧道侧穿高铁桥梁,在区间不采取保护措施、单 独采取地层加固或隔离桩措施的情况下,高铁桥的变形均超过控制标准;采用隔离桩+地层加固措施后,高铁桥 的变形均小于控制标准;经过方案比选,最终采用隔离桩+地层加固的设计方案实施。现场实施时,进行全过程 监测,监测结果与数值计算基本一致,验证了高铁桥梁保护方案的合理性。

地铁  /  盾构  /  小角度  /  群桩  /  有限元分析  /  现场监测

The mechanism of the geological deformation caused by shield tunneling construction was combined with a threedimensional numerical simulation method to simulate the displacement of bridge piles during the smallangle side crossing of highspeed railway bridge group piles in subway shield tunnels constructed in sandy areas. Analyses were conducted on the mechanism of the impact of metro shield tunnels on highspeed railway bridges when the shield reaches the front of the piles, reaches the piles, and moves past the piles, as well as when the shield tail is detached and after the shield passes the piles. Three protection plans were then proposed for highspeed railway bridges, which included isolation pile measures, geological reinforcement measures, and isolation piles + geological reinforcement. Threedimensional numerical simulations were used to analyze the entire process of shield tunnel boring through the pile groups of highspeed railway bridges under the conditions of no protection scheme and when adopting the above three protection schemes. The findings revealed that without protective measures or with the sole use of ground reinforcement or isolation piles, the deformation of a highspeed railway bridge exceeds the allowable standards during the lateral passage of a shield tunnel. However, with the implementation of both isolation piles and ground reinforcement, the deformation remains within the prescribed limits. After the scheme comparison, the design scheme of isolation piles and ground reinforcement were ultimately adopted for implementation. During the onsite implementation, the entire process was monitored, and the monitoring results were consistent with the numerical calculations, verifying the rationality of the highspeed railway bridge protection plan.

metro  /  shield tunneling  /  small angle  /  piles  /  finite element analysis  /  site monitoring
周鑫. 砂层内盾构隧道小角度侧穿高铁桥梁群桩控制技术. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (5) : 87 -92 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.013
Xin ZHOU. Deformation Control Technology of High-speed Railway Bridge Side-crossed at a Small Angle by Shield Tunneling in Sandy Stratum[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (5) : 87 -92 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.013
近年来, 城市轨道交通得到了快速发展, 从主城区逐步向城市外围拓展。由于地铁线路规划建设需求, 出现了大量的地铁穿越高铁的工程案例。高铁运营过程中, 对轨道变形要求极高, 因此在地铁下穿的方案中要采取安全可靠的工法, 并根据地铁隧道与高铁的位置关系的不同, 采用其他辅助性工程措施, 如地层加固、隔离桩等 [ 1 - 5 ] 。目前国内对地铁区间下穿高铁桥梁的工程案例并不少见, 多数工程中, 地铁线路与高铁桥梁的平面相交角度一般均为大角度, 这一方面可增大与桥梁桩基的距离, 另一方面可减少影响区段的长度 [ 6 - 8 ] 。但目前小角度侧穿桥梁基础的工程较为少见。相比地铁线路垂直或大角度下穿桥梁, 小角度侧穿桥梁群桩如控制不当, 极易引起较大的不均匀沉降以及横向和纵向的位移, 进而影响高铁安全。
本文以某市砂层内地铁盾构隧道小角度穿越高铁群桩工程为依托, 提出小角度下穿高铁群桩工程的技术方案, 通过对穿越过程采用三维数值模拟, 对地铁区间小角度穿越高铁群桩引起的桥梁横向、纵向及竖向变形进行分析, 并对高铁桥梁保护方案的合理性进行论证。
地铁盾构区间位于渭河一注河一级阶地区, 上部地层位于第四系全新统冲积层, 地层自上而下依次为黄土状土、细砂、中砂、圆砾,下部为第四系上更新统冲积层, 地层依次为中砂、砾砂。地下水主要为第四系孔隙潜水,埋深约 ${24}\sim {26}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,含水层为砂层及圆砾层,厚度大于 ${50}\mathrm{\;m}$
隧道围岩主要为中砂, 局部夹粗砂层, 水位位于结构底板以下,围岩分级为VI级。本段隧道为盾构法浅埋隧道,盾构管片外径 $6\mathrm{\;m}$ ,厚度 ${300}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,拱顶埋深 ${15}\mathrm{\;m}$
西成高铁设计时速 ${250}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ ,高铁正线桥为双股道,联络线桥为单股道。桥梁形式均为跨径 ${64}\mathrm{\;m}$ 的连续梁桥, 正线桥梁下部结构为墩柱以下 12 桩承台, 承台高度为 $4\mathrm{\;m}$ ,承台下支承桩桩径 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,桩长 ${54}\sim$ ${60}\mathrm{\;m}$ ;联络线桥下部结构为墩柱以下 6 桩承台,承台高度为 $3\mathrm{\;m}$ ,承台下支承桩桩径 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,桩长约 ${52}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。 西成高铁发车密度较大, 日行车对数约 60 对。
《公路与市政工程下穿高速铁路技术规程》(TB 10182-2017) 中对高速铁路无砟和有砟线路轨道静态几何尺寸容许偏差管理值做出了规定。本工程涉及的西成高铁为无砟轨道,根据规范相关规定,结合工程经验, 下穿西成高铁桥群施工引起墩台均匀沉降控制值为 ,相邻墩台沉降差控制值为 ,墩顶纵横向位移控制值为 。
地铁盾构区间线路与西成高铁及其联络线桥梁平面上产生交叉, 由于线路走向及城市地块影响, 地铁线路与高铁桥梁平面交叉角度仅为 ${33}^{\circ }$ ,与桥梁 9 座桥墩距离较近,最近距离约 ${7.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,盾构区间与西成高铁的平面关系如 图 1 所示。
在地铁线路设计上, 地铁盾构区间左右线从桥墩中间穿越, 线路与两侧的桥墩距离保持均衡。由于下穿高铁桥群的两线区间隧道结构位于中、粗砂土层, 为减小盾构隧道施工对高速铁路桥下基础的不利影响, 在高铁桥保护范围内的下穿位置两侧,自地面打设桩径 ${0.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、 桩间距 ${1.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ 的钢筋混凝土隔离桩,桩底至隧道底以下 $6\mathrm{\;m}$ 。桩顶设置钢筋混凝土冠梁 $\left({{0.8}\mathrm{\;m}\times {0.8}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$ ,两侧冠梁间设置钢筋混凝土横撑 $\left({{0.6}\mathrm{\;m}\times {0.8}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$ ,间距 $6\mathrm{\;m}$ 。隔离桩内封闭土体采取地面注浆预加固后, 盾构再行推进, 施工期间做好桥桩基础的监测, 确保监测数据在可控范围内。盾构区间下穿西成高铁桥剖面如 图 2 所示。
根据盾构隧道与本工程高铁群桩的空间关系, 将整个盾构隧道施工过程沿隧道纵向位置的不同分为 5 个阶段。
1) 盾构到达桩前: 盾构隧道施工不可避免会引起地层损失及失水, 从而导致水位下降并引起有效压力增加, 从而产生压缩固结沉降。由于桩周土体产生下沉, 从而在桩侧表面产生向下的摩阻力, 加大了外力作用而减小了桩基的承载力。
2) 盾构到达桩时: 盾构机千斤顶的顶推力一般情况下要求能够维持掘进面的水土压力, 与盾壳外侧土层摩阻力和内部设备间摩擦力形成一种稳定的平衡状态, 推进力较小时掌子面前方容易引起地层损失, 推进力较大时掌子面前方容易引起地表隆起和地层前移。这些地层的移动作用在桩体上会产生相应的内力, 对桩的承载力也会产生影响。
3) 盾构通过桩时:盾构机姿态与盾壳侧面土层摩阻力和盾构内部设备间摩擦力等引起地层的应力释放,产生土体变形,这些土体的变形作用在桩上,对桩产生影响。
4) 盾尾脱出时: 由于盾构施工设备运行的需要, 刀盘开挖直径总是大于管片衬砌外径。在新一环的衬砌管片拼装完成前, 盾壳承担水土压力。施工下一环时盾壳才离开刚施工好的衬砌区域向前推进, 因此在衬砌管片和地层之间留下空隙, 导致地应力释放, 进而引起桩体产生相应的内力。
5) 盾构通过桩后:伴随着盾构机掘进整个过程对周围土体挤压扰动, 隧道周围产生了超孔隙水压力。 盾构通过桩后,土体中的孔隙水逐渐排出,有效应力增加, 土颗粒间发生持续很长时间的压缩变形, 在桩上产生负摩阻力引起桩的沉降和外力的增大。
土体中的桩基施工完成后, 在外部荷载作用下桩体与周围土体的相对变形处于平衡状态, 盾构隧道施工会打破原有的平衡, 产生额外的内力和变形, 影响桩基的工作性能。本文将盾构施工对桩基内力的影响分析用一个综合的地层损失进行模拟。
有限元计算采用摩尔-库伦本构模型, 土体、桥墩、 承台以及梁体采用实体单元模拟, 桩基础采用桩单元模拟。盾构区间下穿高铁计算模型如 图 3 所示。
选取附近钻孔,将各施工阶段盾构掘进对高架桥桩基的影响进行分析。结构参数和盾构穿越地层前后围岩物理力学参数见 表 1 ~ 表 3
为便于计算, 本文做出如下假设: ①土体均为水平均质体, 且为理想的弹塑性体, 只考虑自重应力; ②盾构管片为理想的弹性体;③该工程地下水位于隧道底板附近, 本次计算不考虑地下水引起的渗流作用; ④盾构管片环宽 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,按照每循环 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 进尺模拟盾构掘进过程; ⑤本次计算按照先右线施工, 后左线施工的顺序进行模拟。
为合理确定下穿高铁的保护措施, 分别对无保护措施、采取盾构外 $3\mathrm{\;m}$ 范围地层加固、采用隔离桩 3 种工况下盾构下穿高铁过程进行模拟计算, 桥梁变形结果如 表 4 所示, 各工况桥梁变形计算结果见 图 4 。由 表 4 可知, 在区间不采取防护措施或者单独采取地层加固或隔离桩的情况下,下穿高铁桥造成位移沉降均超过控制标准,需要增加额外的保护措施。
根据上述计算情况, 进一步对地铁隧道侧穿高铁群桩采用隔离桩+地层注浆的保护措施, 并对盾构下穿过程进行模拟, 计算模型如 图 5 所示。采取保护措施后的桥梁变形结果如 表 5 所示, 桥梁各方向位移的计算结果见 图 6
表 5 可知, 在采取了隔离桩+地层注浆措施后, 可以有效减小对高铁桥桩的影响, 最大竖向变形为 ${1.26}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,轨道最大竖向变形为 ${1.51}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,均小于控制指标 $2\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,可确保高铁正常运营安全 [ 10 - 11 ]
图 6 可知,小角度下穿除引起桥梁竖向变形外, 还引起桥梁的横向和纵向的水平位移, 这与大角度或者垂直下穿桥梁的情况存在明显差异。
为实现信息化施工, 得到准确的高铁桥梁变形情况, 为确保高铁正常运营, 现场制定了严密的监测网, 采用两台全自动监测仪器进行不间断变形监测。现场的实测结果显示,桥墩均匀沉降累计值为 ${1.1}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 差异沉降 ${0.98}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ;横向水平位移 ${1.22}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,纵向水平位移 ${0.012}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。桥梁变形控制良好,符合高铁运营安全要求。
将控制指标值、三维模拟计算值及现场监测值进行对比, 对比结果如 表 6 所示, 现场实际盾构掘进过程中的变形控制较好, 桥梁变形和三维数值模拟计算结果较为接近, 并小于控制指标, 验证了所采取保护措施的合理性。
1)当盾构隧道以小角度下穿高铁桥梁时,因盾构距离桥桩远近不同, 造成隧道两侧桥墩的变形均有一定的差异, 但差异变形可控。小角度下穿产生了桥梁横向和纵向变形, 因此在有条件的情况下应尽量增大地铁线路与高铁桥梁的交叉角度。
2) 在无桥梁保护措施的工况下, 近距离盾构施工对桥梁的变形影响较大, 超出高铁安全运营要求。采用隔离桩+地层注浆的保护措施, 可大幅减小桥梁的变形, 满足高铁正常运营要求。
3) 通过现场不间断的自动化监测结果反馈, 盾构施工过程中, 高铁桥梁及轨道变形控制良好, 满足高铁安全运营要求, 同时验证了理论分析计算结果与现场实际是相符的, 采用的理论计算分析模型及参数合理。
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2024年第37卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.013
  • 接收时间:2024-03-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-20
  • 修回日期:2024-05-30
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    西安市轨道交通集团有限公司 西安 710016
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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