Article(id=1149742083365319281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149742076708962589, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699891200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-14, revisedDate=1716134400000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049473849, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049473849, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049473849, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049473849, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149742076708962589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='143', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752049472262, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780124752, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000959420354689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149742076708962589, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000959420354690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149742076708962589, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=101, endPage=106, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149742083654726264, articleId=1149742083365319281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Water Leakage in Shield Segment Joints: Causes and Solutions, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the overall structure of a shield tunnel, the joint of the pipe segments is the weakest part of the waterproofing system, and its waterproofing performance directly influences the stability and service life of the entire tunnel. With continuous innovation and changes in structural design and construction methods, the occurrence of water leakage or sealing gasket damage at the joints of pipe segments has become increasingly severe. Therefore, research and optimization of waterproofing performance are crucial. This study begins with the waterproof principle of elastic sealing gaskets and deeply analyzes the factors that affect joint leakage, based on which specific optimization measures were proposed for the waterproof performance of pipe joints. Finally, to verify the actual effectiveness of these optimization measures, empirical research was conducted on a new type of shield tunnel project in Jiangxinzhou, Nanjing. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: the physical properties and durability of EPDM gaskets must strictly comply with regulatory requirements; The adhesive work of the onsite sealing gasket and the tensile deformation of the onsite pipe segment assembly on the sealing gasket is essential factors impacting the leakage of water at the joint; The solid section structure at the corner of a largediameter high water pressure shield tunnel requires to be optimized to avoid issues such as corner accumulation and stress concentration caused by the crosssectional size of the sealing gasket; The monitoring results after the tunnel is completed indicate that the optimized shield tunnel not only has good forming quality but also has a much better waterproof effect than traditional shield tunnels. This study not only provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the waterproof design of shield tunnel segment joints but also provides a valuable reference and inspiration for similar projects.

, correspAuthors=Xiaobo SHAN, Yilun LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaobo SHAN, Yuanyuan ZHONG, Wenqing WU, Yilun LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149742094731883517, articleId=1149742083365319281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=盾构管片接缝渗漏水原因分析及优化措施研究, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

盾构隧道整体结构中,管片接缝是防水体系最为薄弱的部位,其防水性能直接影响到整个隧道的稳定性 和使用寿命,而随着结构设计和施工方法的不断创新,盾构隧道接缝的防水性能研究和优化也至关重要。本研究 首先从弹性密封垫的防水原理出发,深入分析影响接缝渗漏水的原因;然后在此基础上提出针对管片接缝防水性 能的具体优化措施;最后为验证优化措施的实际效果,以南京江心洲某新型管片盾构隧道工程为背景,进行实证 研究。主要结论研究如下:EPDM 密封垫的物理性能以及耐久性均需严格遵循规范要求;现场密封垫的粘贴工作 和现场管片拼装对密封垫的拉伸变形是影响接缝渗漏水的重要因素;大直径高水压盾构隧道的角部实心段构造需 进行优化,才不会因密封垫的断面尺寸导致角部堆积和应力集中。隧道贯通后的监测结果表明:优化后的盾构隧 道不仅成型质量良好,而且防水效果远超传统盾构隧道。本研究不仅为盾构隧道管片接缝防水设计提供理论依据 和实践指导,也为类似工程提供有益的参考和借鉴。

, correspAuthors=单晓波, 李一伦, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李一伦,男,硕士研究生,主要从事隧道工程研究工作,
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单晓波,男,本科,工程师,主要从事隧道工程管理与研究工作,

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keyword=防水优化), Keyword(id=1154000597054382094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742083365319281, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=成型质量)], refs=[Reference(id=1154000599776485454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742083365319281, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=朱祖熹, 陆明, 柳献, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱祖熹, 陆明, 柳献. 隧道工程防水设计与施工[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2012., articleTitle=隧道工程防水设计与施工, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154000599877148753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742083365319281, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=ZHU Zuxi, LU Ming, LIU Xian, journalName=null, refType=null, 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盾构管片接缝渗漏水原因分析及优化措施研究
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单晓波 1 , 钟元元 2 , 武文清 1 , 李一伦 3
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(5): 101-106
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(5): 101-106
盾构管片接缝渗漏水原因分析及优化措施研究
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单晓波1 , 钟元元2, 武文清1, 李一伦3
作者信息
  • 1 中铁十四局集团大盾构工程有限公司 南京 211800
  • 2 江阴海达橡塑股份有限公司 江阴 214424
  • 3 同济大学 土木工程学院 上海 200082
  • 单晓波,男,本科,工程师,主要从事隧道工程管理与研究工作,

通讯作者:

李一伦,男,硕士研究生,主要从事隧道工程研究工作,
Water Leakage in Shield Segment Joints: Causes and Solutions
Xiaobo SHAN1 , Yuanyuan ZHONG2, Wenqing WU1, Yilun LI3
Affiliations
  • 1 China Railway 14th Corporation Mega Shield Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. Nanjing 211800
  • 2 Jiangyin Haida Rubber and Plastic Co., Ltd. Jiangyin 214424
  • 3 School of Civil Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200082
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.015
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盾构隧道整体结构中,管片接缝是防水体系最为薄弱的部位,其防水性能直接影响到整个隧道的稳定性 和使用寿命,而随着结构设计和施工方法的不断创新,盾构隧道接缝的防水性能研究和优化也至关重要。本研究 首先从弹性密封垫的防水原理出发,深入分析影响接缝渗漏水的原因;然后在此基础上提出针对管片接缝防水性 能的具体优化措施;最后为验证优化措施的实际效果,以南京江心洲某新型管片盾构隧道工程为背景,进行实证 研究。主要结论研究如下:EPDM 密封垫的物理性能以及耐久性均需严格遵循规范要求;现场密封垫的粘贴工作 和现场管片拼装对密封垫的拉伸变形是影响接缝渗漏水的重要因素;大直径高水压盾构隧道的角部实心段构造需 进行优化,才不会因密封垫的断面尺寸导致角部堆积和应力集中。隧道贯通后的监测结果表明:优化后的盾构隧 道不仅成型质量良好,而且防水效果远超传统盾构隧道。本研究不仅为盾构隧道管片接缝防水设计提供理论依据 和实践指导,也为类似工程提供有益的参考和借鉴。

城市轨道交通  /  盾构隧道  /  管片接缝渗漏  /  防水优化  /  成型质量

In the overall structure of a shield tunnel, the joint of the pipe segments is the weakest part of the waterproofing system, and its waterproofing performance directly influences the stability and service life of the entire tunnel. With continuous innovation and changes in structural design and construction methods, the occurrence of water leakage or sealing gasket damage at the joints of pipe segments has become increasingly severe. Therefore, research and optimization of waterproofing performance are crucial. This study begins with the waterproof principle of elastic sealing gaskets and deeply analyzes the factors that affect joint leakage, based on which specific optimization measures were proposed for the waterproof performance of pipe joints. Finally, to verify the actual effectiveness of these optimization measures, empirical research was conducted on a new type of shield tunnel project in Jiangxinzhou, Nanjing. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: the physical properties and durability of EPDM gaskets must strictly comply with regulatory requirements; The adhesive work of the onsite sealing gasket and the tensile deformation of the onsite pipe segment assembly on the sealing gasket is essential factors impacting the leakage of water at the joint; The solid section structure at the corner of a largediameter high water pressure shield tunnel requires to be optimized to avoid issues such as corner accumulation and stress concentration caused by the crosssectional size of the sealing gasket; The monitoring results after the tunnel is completed indicate that the optimized shield tunnel not only has good forming quality but also has a much better waterproof effect than traditional shield tunnels. This study not only provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the waterproof design of shield tunnel segment joints but also provides a valuable reference and inspiration for similar projects.

urban rail transit  /  railway tunnel  /  leakage of segment joints  /  waterproof optimization  /  forming quality
单晓波, 钟元元, 武文清, 李一伦. 盾构管片接缝渗漏水原因分析及优化措施研究. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (5) : 101 -106 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.015
Xiaobo SHAN, Yuanyuan ZHONG, Wenqing WU, Yilun LI. Water Leakage in Shield Segment Joints: Causes and Solutions[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (5) : 101 -106 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.015
盾构管片接缝是整个环形隧道防水最薄弱的位置, 在隧道建设及运营过程中管片接缝处常会出现渗漏水的病害, 严重影响了隧道安全, 且在后期维保过程中管片接缝处的病害很难根治。虽然盾构法施工在地下空间开发领域内愈加成熟, 但盾构隧道的结构设计和施工方法也在不断创新和变化, 对接缝防水提出了新的要求, 因此有必要对盾构隧道的接缝防水问题展开研究, 并结合最新盾构隧道工程来进行优化。
近年来, 国内对于盾构隧道的防水问题越发重视, 诸多学者都进行了研究[1-5] 。某越江隧道在 2018 年和 2019 年发生了两次渗漏水事件,龚琛杰等 [ 6 ] 总结归纳了渗漏背后的原因和规律, 认为密封垫粘贴工艺、运营超载以及复合地层变形等因素导致管片张开错台量扩大, 从而使地下水击穿了弹性密封垫的防线; 毕鑫磊等 [ 7 ] 结合地下水位、沉降等外部因素以及密封垫设计、生产等内部因素着重分析了渗漏原因,并提出了设计层面的思考和建议; 代显奇等 [ 8 ] 不仅系统归纳了渗漏水的特征和位置, 还调研整理出产生渗漏水的诸多成因,列举了传统盾构隧道结构防水的普遍方法。
上述学者们不论是从隧道的外部环境还是内部结构变形进行渗漏分析, 都绕不开的关键点是接缝位置的密封垫性能。而近年来遇水膨胀橡胶由于存在耐久性问题而渐渐沦为次道防水甚至被淘汰, 弹性橡胶密封垫已成为主流 [ 9 ] ,它的压缩性能以及压缩姿态直接决定了整个盾构隧道的防水性能, 故本文的主要研究对象为弹性密封垫的防水研究。其防水原理是利用密封垫的超弹性通过相互压缩产生应力, 在渗流路径上阻断水压的冲击。
本文以盾构隧道管片接缝防水问题为研究背景, 探讨了当前盾构法施工中管片接缝防水设计的必要性和挑战。从弹性密封垫的防水原理出发,针对弹性密封垫的材质、粘贴工艺、构造等方面进行分析和总结, 并且分别提出具体的优化措施。依托南京江心洲新型管片盾构隧道工程的实际案例, 提出了诸多优化措施, 并在隧道贯通后持续监测实际防水效果和隧道成型质量。
在接缝整体防水体系中, 密封垫要实现防水功能需要经历诸多环节, 从生产到粘贴再到拼装, 各个环节环环相扣, 过程中出现任何纰漏都会导致隧道产生不良病害。
根据近年来国内众学者的研究和诸多工程项目的经验, 管片接缝中主防水密封垫的材质大多采用三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM),这是一种极富弹性的材料,通过在密封垫断面上预留出蜂窝状的孔洞来控制密封垫变形, 从而使变形所产生的内应力实现接缝处挤压止水的效果, 如 图 1 所示。
弹性密封垫的压缩反力直接反映了它的弹性能力, 这也是区分 EPDM 橡胶与再生橡胶的重要指标。 在实际工程中, 若 EPDM 密封垫压缩后的弹性未能满足要求, 就会导致接缝处的防水性能随着压缩反力的降低而降低, 最终接缝防水体系被击穿, 出现大面积的接缝渗漏水。
根据规范《隧道工程防水技术规程》(DG/TJ08- 50- 2012 ) 要求,衬砌接缝密封垫应能完全压入密封垫沟槽内,且沟槽与密封垫的截面积比值应处于 1.0~ 1.15 区间内。若密封垫截面过大会造成管片虽然压缩到位, 但密封垫内部压缩空间有限而产生应力集中的现象, 当此应力达到一定程度时会造成管片沟槽的破损, 这种情况一般出现在环纵缝角部连接处。
传统工艺的密封垫角部有 $6 \sim 8\mathrm{\;{cm}}$ 为实心段(长度方向),对于常见的浅埋或小直径盾构隧道, 由于防水要求较低, 设计密封垫的压缩量较小, 角部密封垫压缩后对整体防水影响不大。但对于大埋深、大直径的盾构隧道, 抗水压要求较高, 密封垫的设计截面积也相应增加, 密封垫高度和压缩量也大幅提高, 此时角部位置实心的密封垫截面积必然远远大于管片沟槽的截面积, 也就会导致角部应力集中, 造成管片局部破损。
施工现场的密封垫粘贴工艺为:①首先将成环的密封垫先反套于管片沟槽一端; ②再使用盾构管片专用黏结剂均匀涂抹在密封垫背面;③最后翻转密封垫并对齐嵌入沟槽内。此粘贴工序是人工作业, 所以整体的粘贴质量难以把控。
密封垫需要根据管片不同型号对应安装, 安装时保证密封垫角部与管片角部对齐, 否则可能会出现 “塌角”“耸角” 的情况,如 图 2 所示。这些不良的粘贴质量最终会反映在接缝的角部位置, 尤其是错缝拼装下的 “T” 字角部, 造成角部密封垫出现堆积或空隙, 从而产生接缝渗漏水病害。
近年来, 随着盾构隧道建设的不断推进, 管片拼装工艺成为学术界和技术领域关注的热点之一。众多学者致力于从设计到施工各个环节的创新, 旨在探索出能够提高衬砌结构整体强度的便捷拼装工艺。然而, 拼装工艺对密封垫的影响同样不容忽视。在封顶块拼装或环向带有凹凸榫、剪力销的管片拼装过程中, 密封垫会同时受到纵向压缩力及横向摩擦力的作用。这种复合力的作用使得密封垫容易发生拉伸变形, 进而影响其密封性能。特别是当摩擦力大于密封垫和管片之间的黏结力时, 密封垫可能会从管片角部的沟槽中脱出, 这种情况在错缝拼装时尤为常见。一旦发生密封垫脱出, 就容易导致管片角部出现渗漏问题。
笔者进行了大量工程调研和现场勘察, 明确了管片接缝处产生渗漏水的原因, 主要集中在密封垫自身的构造和质量控制, 以及现场粘贴和拼装工艺。为了解决这种渗漏水病害现象,本文综合考虑了防水的各个环节, 提出了一系列具有针对性的优化措施。
首先通过《高分子防水材料 第 4 部分:盾构法隧道管片用橡胶密封垫》(GB/T 18173.4-2010)[11] 要求的一系列物理实验挑选出各项性能均优异的 EPDM 橡胶, 其次在工程用密封垫批量生产之前, 采样进行压缩试验, 绘制出弹性密封垫的压缩量-压缩反力曲线, 通过观察曲线变化特征以及最大压缩反力判断橡胶材质是否满足性能要求, 如图 3图 4所示。
另外, 还需要通过应力松弛老化试验验证材质的耐久性能,保证盾构隧道防水的设计使用年限要求 [ 12 ] 图 5 为老化试验得出的耐久性能随时间的变化趋势, 橡胶耐久性推算采用阿累尼乌斯图公式 [ 13 ]
为了确保密封垫角部与直条段的压缩应力一致, 并有效减少角部橡胶的堆积现象以及应力集中问题, 采用了密封垫角部结构的特殊设计方案, 具体如 图 6 所示。在密封垫角部的连接工艺中, 采用了溶解再塑的方式。为此, 特殊设计的角部模具中预留了若干条状孔洞。在两根直条密封垫溶解的过程中, 垂角位置会形成具有自带孔洞的特殊断面, 这种设计替代了传统的全实心断面。当角部成型后, 模具即可被顺利抽出, 降低了角部的橡胶堆积和应力集中现象, 从而优化了密封垫的整体性能。
通过分析研究提出了严格控制密封垫粘贴质量的方法, 首先是对现场作业师傅进行详细培训和细节指导, 确保人工层面不会出现偏差, 同时通过周期性抽样检测确保粘贴质量达到预期效果; 其次是密封垫粘贴固定完成 ${12}\mathrm{\;h}$ 后,待黏结剂完全固化后方可下井拼装使用, 否则黏结剂未固化完毕会导致拼装时密封垫被扯出沟槽。
除此以外, 目前也可通过密封垫锚固在沟槽中的一体成型工艺达到密封垫的固定效果, 由于锚固型密封垫锚脚在混凝土管片中, 在管片拼装时可以抵消密封垫的拉伸特性, 其固定效果可能会优于外贴式密封垫, 如 图 7 所示。
管片拼装时特别是封顶块拼装时, 橡胶不可避免地会受到拉伸方向的摩擦力, 纵缝密封垫特别是角部易拉伸脱出管片沟槽, 造成角部出现渗漏水点及应力集中。为了限制纵缝密封垫较大的拉伸性, 本文提出了两种方法。一种是在密封垫的构造中植入高强度纤维的方式, 限制密封垫的延展性, 如 图 8 所示。另一种是降低密封垫表面间的摩擦系数, 比如在密封垫表面涂抹水性润滑剂来降低摩擦系数, 从而降低密封垫接触面拉伸的病害风险, 但从施工角度来看, 也为整体施工流程增加了一道工序, 施工效率略有降低。除此以外, 还可以借鉴汽车天窗密封条在表面镀层处理的工艺方式, 密封垫生产过程中在其工作表面喷镀一层光滑涂层, 可以很大程度上降低橡胶间的摩擦系数, 避免角部堆积的情况, 如 图 9 所示。
此外, 针对管片拼装时密封垫的拉伸变形情况, 江阴海达橡塑集团股份有限公司定制了一台滑动试验机加以验证, 如 图 10 所示。试验中将密封垫安装至滑动试验平台工装中, 根据封顶块楔形量调整角度及间隙, 启动设备模拟封顶块插入工装情景, 观察密封垫角部的拉伸变形情况, 根据试验效果对密封垫进行优化调整。
南京江心洲隧道(穿越夹江段)是国内首条全长采用承插式接头的越江隧道,隧道全长约 ${693}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,最大埋深约 ${25}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,盾构内径为 ${7.9}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,外径为 ${8.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,管片厚度为 ${0.45}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,错缝拼装。此工程的防水设计较传统隧道更为特殊, 采用双道密封垫方案, 外侧均为 EPDM 橡胶密封垫, 内侧均为遇水膨胀橡胶密封垫。且由于承插式接头管片环纵缝的拼装工艺有所不同,所以本项目采取环纵缝防水差异化设计, 管片沟槽和密封垫断面形式如 图 11 所示。
此工程从设计到施工全过程都时刻严格把控着防水体系的运作。每块管片的密封垫都进行过详细的物理性能和耐久性能测试, 保证橡胶密封垫的质量均满足规范要求。环缝和纵缝密封垫直条角部采用专属定制的器械进行溶解再定型, 确保角部构造凝固呈现出模具设计样式, 减小角部堆积。
在拼装工艺方面, 承插式接头管片纵缝采用的是 “C-T”型连接件, 拼装时需要先将密封垫压缩密实再沿纵缝方向滑入拼装,所以在此过程中橡胶材料的摩擦力是最大的阻碍。鉴于该工程是国内首条全断面采用承插式接头管片的越江隧道, 且拥有经验丰富的施工团队, 所以施工效率完全可以得到保证, 故在现场实际拼装之前, 在纵缝密封垫表面增加一道涂抹润滑剂的工序来进行减摩处理。
最终该工程顺利贯通, 且成型隧道质量极佳, 具体表现在:①环缝错台基本保持在 $3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 以内,纵缝错台基本维持在 $1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 以内; ②环缝张开量在 ${0.8}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 以内,纵缝张开量在 ${0.4}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 以内; ③最大椭圆度为 ${2.3}\%$ ;④在施工期间,做到 “一滴不漏” [ 14 ] ,并在后续的设备安装阶段和运营阶段,同样效果很好。
盾构隧道管片接缝渗漏水的溯源应该从密封垫出发,理解密封垫的工作机制,厘清接缝防水各个环节中密封垫所处的地位, 才能更好地从源头上解决接缝渗漏水的产生。
1) EPDM 密封垫的物理性能以及耐久性能均需严格遵循规范要求, 生产厂家要做好验证试验并记录完善,各项指标要做到有迹可循、精益求精。
2) 现场密封垫的粘贴工作必须进行质量控制, 对工人做好培训, 定期抽样检测, 确保粘贴过程中管片角部与密封垫角部一一对齐。
3) 现场管片拼装对密封垫的拉伸变形也是造成渗漏的关键。无论是密封垫内部增加高强度纤维还是表面进行涂层处理, 宗旨都是降低拼装中密封垫拉伸变形对防水效果的影响。针对这方面进行的诸多尝试, 最终都可以在定制的滑动试验机上进行验证以期达到最佳效果。
4) 对于大直径高水压盾构隧道, 密封垫的断面尺寸决定了压缩量以及压缩应力的大小, 所以角部实心段的构造必须进行优化, 否则会产生角部堆积、应力集中等病害。
5) 从密封垫方面进行接缝渗漏的优化措施还有很多, 比如锚固式密封垫、封顶块原型拼装试验等, 但解决渗漏水病害的同时我们也必须提防这些措施所带来的其他负面作用, 必须做到所有环节相互贯通, 不能舍本逐末。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(52078376)
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2024年第37卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.015
  • 接收时间:2023-11-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-14
  • 修回日期:2024-05-20
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(52078376)
作者信息
    1 中铁十四局集团大盾构工程有限公司 南京 211800
    2 江阴海达橡塑股份有限公司 江阴 214424
    3 同济大学 土木工程学院 上海 200082

通讯作者:

李一伦,男,硕士研究生,主要从事隧道工程研究工作,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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