Article(id=1149742007599412041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712419200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-07, revisedDate=1715097600000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049455785, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049455785, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049455785, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049455785, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149741999626043609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752049453884, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780113622, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=85, endPage=90, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149742007863653196, articleId=1149742007599412041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Risk Control of Shield Tunneling Undercrossing the Operational Station in Water-rich Soft Strata, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To minimize disturbances to an existing metro station during shield tunneling in a waterrich soft stratum, this study focuses on the construction of a Ttype transfer station where shield tunneling passes through an operational station. The study examines the cutter configuration and tunneling parameters for shield tunneling through a diaphragm wall without glass fiber reinforcement using theoretical analysis and field measurements. Key risk control measures for shield tunneling through the operational station are also proposed. The results indicate that the shield can safely cut through the diaphragm wall by using highstrength shell cutters with varying heights, reducing the tunneling speed and shield thrust, and increasing the cutter head torque. Disturbances to the station floor can be reduced by considering the interaction force between the station floor and the surrounding stratum as an additional load during the underpass construction. Setting the chamber pressure at 1.2 times the static soil pressure at the shield's center further minimizes floor disturbance. Effective settlement control of the existing structure is achieved by filling the gap between the shield shell and the surrounding stratum with clay shock and using a combination of synchronous grouting, secondary grouting, and radial grouting to fill gaps behind the segments. The primary deformation caused by tunneling beneath the operational station is settlement, while shield cutting through the diaphragm wall leads mainly to horizontal displacement, accounting for over 75% of the total horizontal movement.

, correspAuthors=Xinliu WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xinliu WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149742014469681216, articleId=1149742007599412041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=富水软土地层盾构穿越运营站风险控制研究, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为降低富水软土地层盾构穿越施工对既有运营地铁车站的扰动风险,以某T型换乘站盾构穿越运营站施工为工程背景,采用理论分析和现场实测等方法,研究盾构切割未预留玻璃纤维筋地连墙的刀具配置及推进参数,并提出下穿运营站的重点风险控制措施。结果表明:采用不同刀高配合的高强度贝壳刀、降低推进速度与盾构推力,加大刀盘扭矩,能实现盾构安全穿越地连墙;将运营站底板与地层的相互作用力作为下穿施工时的附加荷载,以盾构中心处的静止土压力提高1.2倍作为土仓压力设定值可减少对底板的扰动;采用克泥效充填盾壳与地层的空隙,以及同步注浆、二次注浆与径向注浆组合方式充填管片背后的建筑空隙,可有效控制既有结构沉降;盾构下穿运营站施工引起的变形以沉降为主,盾构切割地连墙施工以水平变形为主,水平变形占总水平位移的75%以上。

, correspAuthors=吴薪柳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=4bLQSuw1VNb/DqzeHvb5zg==, magXml=rNq3uvtxNI1hj+8Y+V7qRA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=uulc76TZyzXQlkV8nj0eRQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KzcQixxpoAbSvfqb8ylFcA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吴薪柳,男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为城市轨道交通隧道(与地下)工程,

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吴薪柳,男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为城市轨道交通隧道(与地下)工程,

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吴薪柳,男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为城市轨道交通隧道(与地下)工程,

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1. 地层; 2. 管片; 3. 盾壳; 4. 刀盘; 5. 注浆孔; 6. 充填材料;7. 同步注浆浆液

, figureFileSmall=rAlJHsx7bx7PA/7EsllFXA==, figureFileBig=Oft6ZI4aJ040d0BACzG08w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991636657885799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742007599412041, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Final deformation monitoring data of the operating station, figureFileSmall=Dc2t08CvdGIkjgftfrMoGA==, figureFileBig=ye1mN8N5OoDItvDfiKKeJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991636754354792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742007599412041, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=运营站的最终变形监测数据, figureFileSmall=Dc2t08CvdGIkjgftfrMoGA==, figureFileBig=ye1mN8N5OoDItvDfiKKeJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991636855018089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742007599412041, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Parameters of shield cutting diaphragm wall, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
掘进位置 掘进速度/ 盾构推力/ kN 刀盘 转速/rpm 刀盘扭矩/ (kN·m)
穿越前 ${0.5} \sim 0\mathrm{\;m}$ $5 \sim {10}$ 1 000~1 500 0.8 ~ 1.0 800 ~ 1000
地连墙 $0 \sim {0.1}\mathrm{\;m}$ (含外侧钢筋) $0 \sim 2$ 800 ~ 1000 0.6~0.8 2 500~4 000
地连墙 ${0.1} \sim {0.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ (内外侧钢筋 之间混凝土) $0 \sim 2$ 800 ~ 1 000 0.8 ~ 1.2 1 500~3 000
地连墙 0.7~0.8 m (含内侧钢筋) $0 \sim 2$ 600~800 0.6~0.8 2 500~4 000
), ArticleFig(id=1153991636917932650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742007599412041, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=盾构切割地连墙参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
掘进位置 掘进速度/ 盾构推力/ kN 刀盘 转速/rpm 刀盘扭矩/ (kN·m)
穿越前 ${0.5} \sim 0\mathrm{\;m}$ $5 \sim {10}$ 1 000~1 500 0.8 ~ 1.0 800 ~ 1000
地连墙 $0 \sim {0.1}\mathrm{\;m}$ (含外侧钢筋) $0 \sim 2$ 800 ~ 1000 0.6~0.8 2 500~4 000
地连墙 ${0.1} \sim {0.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ (内外侧钢筋 之间混凝土) $0 \sim 2$ 800 ~ 1 000 0.8 ~ 1.2 1 500~3 000
地连墙 0.7~0.8 m (含内侧钢筋) $0 \sim 2$ 600~800 0.6~0.8 2 500~4 000
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富水软土地层盾构穿越运营站风险控制研究
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吴薪柳
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(6): 85-90
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(6): 85-90
富水软土地层盾构穿越运营站风险控制研究
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吴薪柳
作者信息
  • 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 天津 300308
  • 吴薪柳,男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为城市轨道交通隧道(与地下)工程,

Risk Control of Shield Tunneling Undercrossing the Operational Station in Water-rich Soft Strata
Xinliu WU
Affiliations
  • China Railway Design Corporation Tianjin 300308
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.012
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为降低富水软土地层盾构穿越施工对既有运营地铁车站的扰动风险,以某T型换乘站盾构穿越运营站施工为工程背景,采用理论分析和现场实测等方法,研究盾构切割未预留玻璃纤维筋地连墙的刀具配置及推进参数,并提出下穿运营站的重点风险控制措施。结果表明:采用不同刀高配合的高强度贝壳刀、降低推进速度与盾构推力,加大刀盘扭矩,能实现盾构安全穿越地连墙;将运营站底板与地层的相互作用力作为下穿施工时的附加荷载,以盾构中心处的静止土压力提高1.2倍作为土仓压力设定值可减少对底板的扰动;采用克泥效充填盾壳与地层的空隙,以及同步注浆、二次注浆与径向注浆组合方式充填管片背后的建筑空隙,可有效控制既有结构沉降;盾构下穿运营站施工引起的变形以沉降为主,盾构切割地连墙施工以水平变形为主,水平变形占总水平位移的75%以上。

轨道交通  /  富水软土地层  /  盾构施工  /  下穿运营站  /  切割地连墙  /  风险控制

To minimize disturbances to an existing metro station during shield tunneling in a waterrich soft stratum, this study focuses on the construction of a Ttype transfer station where shield tunneling passes through an operational station. The study examines the cutter configuration and tunneling parameters for shield tunneling through a diaphragm wall without glass fiber reinforcement using theoretical analysis and field measurements. Key risk control measures for shield tunneling through the operational station are also proposed. The results indicate that the shield can safely cut through the diaphragm wall by using highstrength shell cutters with varying heights, reducing the tunneling speed and shield thrust, and increasing the cutter head torque. Disturbances to the station floor can be reduced by considering the interaction force between the station floor and the surrounding stratum as an additional load during the underpass construction. Setting the chamber pressure at 1.2 times the static soil pressure at the shield's center further minimizes floor disturbance. Effective settlement control of the existing structure is achieved by filling the gap between the shield shell and the surrounding stratum with clay shock and using a combination of synchronous grouting, secondary grouting, and radial grouting to fill gaps behind the segments. The primary deformation caused by tunneling beneath the operational station is settlement, while shield cutting through the diaphragm wall leads mainly to horizontal displacement, accounting for over 75% of the total horizontal movement.

rail transit  /  water-rich soft stratum  /  shield construction  /  undercrossing operation station  /  cutting diaphragm wall  /  risk control
吴薪柳. 富水软土地层盾构穿越运营站风险控制研究. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (6) : 85 -90 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.012
Xinliu WU. Risk Control of Shield Tunneling Undercrossing the Operational Station in Water-rich Soft Strata[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (6) : 85 -90 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.012
在富水软土地层的地铁修建过程中, 车站主体围护结构一般采用地连墙结构。当新建线车站与既有运营站为 $\mathrm{T}$ 型换乘时,新建线盾构区间需穿越既有运营站地连墙后,再近距离下穿运营站底板施工。既有运营站变形控制标准要求高, 若施工过程中风险控制不当,会严重危及地铁运营安全。
盾构区间穿越地连墙的常见偏安全做法是用玻璃纤维筋 [ 1 ] 替代盾构穿越局部范围的地连墙钢筋,利用玻璃纤维筋抗剪强度低的特性, 通过盾构直接切削穿越。当运营站地连墙受外部条件等因素影响未给远期盾构区间预留玻璃纤维筋穿越条件时, 会造成盾构穿越困难。基于此,李文峰等 [ 2 ] 在盾构穿越处车站两侧增加竖井, 竖井围护结构采用玻璃纤维筋, 通过竖井破除地连墙后再回填穿越, 但是该方法会增加投资并延长工期。盾构技术的发展和新材料的出现为盾构直接切割非玻璃纤维筋地连墙穿越创造了条件, 但穿越的具体做法和风险控制措施, 国内外学者鲜有研究。
盾构切割未预留玻璃纤维筋地连墙后, 即开始近距离下穿既有运营站底板, 下穿施工过程中需进一步采取措施控制风险。孙会良等。结合工程实例,通过数值模拟、现场实测等方法, 研究了富水圆砾地层中盾构近距离下穿既有车站的施工风险控制难题, 提出地层预加固、渣土改良以及根据监测数据动态调整施工参数等措施。陶连金等 [ 4 ] 以某工程为例,研究提出了盾构隧道穿越既有地铁车站结构安全的风险控制措施, 包括开展试验段积累经验、控制盾构姿态、连续施工以及加强监测等。李晓亮等 [ 5 ] 以北京地铁 8 号线盾构下穿 14 号线风道为例, 提出加固土体、控制盾构参数、加强二次注浆等控制措施, 减少对风道结构的影响。目前针对盾构下穿运营站的风险控制措施研究相对较少, 尤其是影响变形主要因素之一的土仓压力设定尚未明确。
本文以某 T 型换乘站盾构切割运营站地连墙后再近距离下穿运营站施工为工程背景, 通过理论分析与实测相结合的方法, 提出盾构切割非玻璃纤维筋地连墙的方法与掘进参数, 针对盾构近距离下穿既有运营站过程中的土仓压力设定、地层与盾壳空隙充填以及盾构注浆参数进行研究, 提出重点施工风险控制措施, 为类似工程提供参考。
某地铁新建车站与既有运营站为 $\mathrm{T}$ 型节点换乘, 新建盾构区间穿越既有运营站主体结构段, 位置关系如 图 1 所示。
既有运营站为地下两层车站, 车站主体结构为单柱双跨钢筋混凝土矩形框架结构, 修建时未同期实施换乘节点处地下三层结构,运营站底板埋深约 ${16.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 结构总宽 ${20.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,总高 ${13.75}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,顶板厚 ${0.9}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,中板厚 ${0.45}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,底板厚 $1\mathrm{\;m}$ ,侧墙厚 ${0.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,围护结构为 ${0.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ 厚地连墙,墙长 ${32}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,设置压顶梁进行车站抗浮, 墙身未给新建线盾构区间预留玻璃纤维筋穿越条件。新建站为地下三层车站, 采用盖挖逆作法施工, 新建站盾构井开挖深度约 ${28}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,采用 $1\mathrm{\;m}$ 厚地下连续墙,墙长 55.4 m。
新建盾构区间隧道结构内径 ${5.9}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,外径 ${6.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 近距离穿越运营站,最小净距约 ${2.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,盾构穿越地层主要为粉质黏土及砂质粉土层,地下水埋深 $1\mathrm{\;m}$ ,采用土压平衡盾构施工。左右线均在新建站盾构井接收, 从盾构井内水平注浆加固后再采用冻结法加固, 范围为盾构直径外 $2\mathrm{\;m}$ 全断面加固,加固长度 ${4.5}\mathrm{\;m}$
由于运营站地连墙施工时, 未给新建区间预留玻璃纤维筋穿越条件, 本工程采用盾构刀盘特殊设计及掘进参数控制进行地连墙切割。靠近新建站一侧的运营站地连墙, 从新建站盾构井内进行微扰动破除, 再进行盾构接收。
刀盘上安装贝壳刀、切刀、保径刀和超挖刀,这些刀具除超挖刀外均可从刀盘背部进行更换。刀盘辐条采用 Q345C 高强度钢板焊接而成,面板及周边采用高强度硬质耐磨焊材, 具有良好的机械性能。支腿采用整体铸造形式, 结构整体性好, 保证切磨地连墙所需的强度和耐冲击能力。刀盘设置有 1 个磨损检测装置, 对刀具的磨损状况进行有效检测。
贝壳刀是切割地连墙的核心组件, 刀盘上共安装 104 把贝壳刀。16 把中心贝壳刀,刀高 ${180}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,降低刀高有利于改善刀具受力,切割时可有效避免冲击造成的崩刃且有利于中心区域渣土流动;40 把焊接贝壳刀 $\mathrm{B}$ ,刀高 ${180}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,具有剥落混凝土及切削钢筋的效果; 48 把焊接贝壳刀 $\mathrm{C}$ ,刀高 ${140}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,与 ${180}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 贝壳刀同轨迹二次切削钢筋,贝壳刀布置如 图 2 所示。
贝壳刀采用大合金撕裂刀,合金硬度 $\geq {85}\mathrm{{HRA}}$ , 抗弯强度 $\geq {260}\mathrm{{kgf}}/{\mathrm{{mm}}}^{2}$ ,合金与基体采用银钎焊,对钢筋进行切削, 具有良好的耐磨性能和抗冲击性, 能满足切削钢筋混凝土的要求。
盾构切割运营站地连墙前, 从地面对盾构穿越区域土体进行局部地层加固,加固范围为盾构直径外 $3\mathrm{\;m}$ 全断面加固,加固长度 $6\mathrm{\;m}$ ,如 图 1 (b)所示。加固旋喷桩水灰比 $1 : 1$ ,加固后 ${28}\mathrm{\;d}$ ,无侧限抗压强度 $\geq {1.5}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ , 渗透系数 $\leq {10}^{-7}\mathrm{\;{cm}}/\mathrm{s}$
为降低盾构切割未预留玻璃纤维筋地连墙对运营站的影响, 综合考虑推进阻力增大及切割钢筋与素混凝土的差异等情况, 按掘进位置进行掘进参数的实时调整, 盾构切割地连墙参数如 表 1 所示。
盾构在穿越地连墙后, 开始近距离下穿运营站底板施工, 地层损失会引起运营站结构产生变形, 需进一步采取措施控制风险。
盾构施工在隧道纵轴线上产生的地层变形一般可分为 5 个阶段 [ 6 ] ,如 图 3 所示。
第 1 阶段为前期沉降, 主要是地下水位降低引起的前方地层固结沉降。第 2 阶段的开挖面前部沉降或隆起, 主要由土仓压力设定来控制。第 3 阶段的盾构通过时沉降主要是刀盘超挖引起, 可采用充填材料及时填充。第 4 阶段的盾尾空隙沉降通过同步注浆来填充, 并采用二次注浆进行补填密实。第 5 阶段的后续沉降, 主要是由于地层被扰动后的固结与蠕变引起。 研究表明 [ 7 - 8 ] ,第2、3、4三个阶段的沉降占总沉降值的 70% 以上, 由此可见, 盾构下穿既有运营站施工, 土仓压力控制、地层与盾壳空隙充填, 以及盾构注浆参数是风险控制的关键。
盾构下穿既有运营站底板过程中, 土仓压力是控制变形的重要参数之一, 由于上方运营站的存在, 其取值与上方无车站段的取值应当有所不同。
当掌子面上任何一点的土仓压力等于静止土压力时, 土体及其上方结构保持受力平衡状态, 盾构下穿既有运营站土仓压力计算示意如 图 4 所示。
当地下水位低,车站覆土与自重满足抗浮要求[ 9 ] 时, 在地层渗透性较小情况下, 盾构中心处静止土压力 ${P}_{0}$ 按水土合算,理论计算值为
${P}_{0}= {K}_{0}\left\lbrack {\gamma \left({{h}_{1}+ {h}_{3}}\right)+ {G}^{\prime }+ q}\right\rbrack $
${G}^{\prime }= \left({{S}_{0}/S}\right){\gamma }_{0}{h}_{2}$
式中, ${K}_{0}$ 为静止侧压力系数; $\gamma$ 为土体饱和容重, $\mathrm{{kN}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ; ${h}_{1}$ 为车站覆土厚度, $\mathrm{m};{h}_{3}$ 为盾构中心至车站底板的距离, $\mathrm{m};q$ 为地面超载, $\mathrm{{kPa}};{G}^{\prime }$ 为车站自重引起的压力, $\mathrm{{kPa}};{S}_{0}$ 为车站横断面结构构件总面积, ${\mathrm{m}}^{2};S$ 为车站横断面的全断面面积, ${\mathrm{m}}^{2};{\gamma }_{0}$ 为混凝土的容重, $\mathrm{{kN}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3};{h}_{2}$ 为车站高度, $\mathrm{m}$
当地下水位高, 车站覆土与自重不满足抗浮要求时, 一般做法是地连墙通过压顶梁的作用参与抗浮后满足要求, 此时地面超载、覆土质量、结构自重及地连墙提供的抗浮力 4 项之和与底板处的水浮力产生平衡, 结构底板处的压力即为水浮力, 将其考虑成附加荷载,盾构中心处静止土压力 ${P}_{0}$ 按水土合算,理论计算值为:
${P}_{0}= {K}_{0}\left({{\gamma }_{\mathrm{w}}H +\gamma {h}_{3}}\right)$
式中, ${\gamma }_{\mathrm{w}}$ 为水容重, $\mathrm{{kN}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3};H$ 为车站底板处水头高度, $\mathrm{m}$
根据本工程的地层及地下水情况, 运营站仅靠覆土与自重计算的抗浮系数为 0.83 , 地连墙参与抗浮后满足要求 [ 9 ] 。地层平均静止侧压力系数为 0.5,根据式(3) 计算得出静止土压力 ${P}_{0}$ 约为 ${0.133}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,而盾构埋深相同且上方无车站时的土仓压力理论值约为 ${0.212}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ , 有车站相比无车站的土仓压力取值降低约 37%。
土仓压力过小会引起上方运营站产生较大的沉降, 土仓压力过大会导致压顶梁抗剪破坏或车站结构与地连墙整体上浮。在实际施工中, 软土地层宜适当提高土仓压力, 以便控制上方车站的沉降变形, 可取静止土压力 ${P}_{0}$ 的 1.2 倍 [ 10 ] 左右,本工程盾构下穿运营站施工的土仓压力设定值为 ${0.17}\sim {0.19}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,并根据车站变形监测情况及时调整。
盾构机开挖直径 ${6860}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,前盾、中盾及尾盾的直径分别为 ${6830}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${6820}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${6810}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,地层与盾壳之间存在 ${30}\sim {50}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的空隙。由于同步注浆的注入点是在盾尾后方, 因此不能及时填充此空隙。软土地层围岩自稳性差, 开挖后若未及时得到有效支撑即产生变形, 进而引起上方运营站产生沉降, 如 图 5 所示。
盾壳与地层的空隙可通过盾壳上的注浆孔进行注浆充填, 充填材料对抗沉陷性、泵送性以及凝结时间等有较高的要求, 凝固后能实现有效支撑且不能阻碍盾构掘进。目前合适的充填材料[ 11 - 12 ]可选择性少, 本工程采用克泥效进行充填,由 A、B 液混合而成, A 液为特殊膨润土液,质量配比为膨润土:水=400:825, $\mathrm{B}$ 液为水玻璃与水的混合液,两者体积比为 $1 : 1,\mathrm{\;A}$ 液与 $\mathrm{B}$ 液按体积比 ${12.5}: 1$ 混合。管片环宽 ${1.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,掘进每环的克泥效注入量约 ${0.4}\sim {0.6}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}$
针对下穿运营站段, 设计采用配筋加强型 16 孔管片, 通过多点位注浆, 提升注浆效率与质量, 实现更有效填充。结合理论值与工程经验, 提出同步注浆、 二次注浆及径向注浆参数。
同步注浆一般与盾构掘进同时进行, 对盾构机外壳与衬砌外径间的环形空隙进行注浆。通过注浆孔出口处的压力传感器, 检测和控制注浆压力与注浆量。 注浆先拱肩后仰拱, 对称均匀注入。
同步注浆浆液采用单液浆,需满足泵送要求 [ 13 ] ,通过试验确定浆液配比。要求浆液 $1\mathrm{\;d}$ 抗压强度 $\geq {0.2}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ , ${28}\mathrm{\;d}$ 抗压强度 $\geq {2.5}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,浆液固结收缩率和倾析率均<5%,浆液泌水率<3%。浆液适当加入早强剂,缩短初凝时间至 $4\mathrm{\;h}$ 内,利用此方法相比不穿越车站段凝固平均快 8h 以上,从而降低对沉降的影响。
同步注浆量的理论值等于盾尾建筑空隙的体积, 为了控制运营站的沉降变形, 同时考虑浆液渗透及注浆材料固结收缩等影响,取理论注浆量的 170%~200%, 与不穿越车站区段的注浆量相比提高了约 20%,扣除克泥效注浆填充部分,每环同步注浆量约 ${5.0}\sim {6.2}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}$ 。 注浆压力在保证有效填充并保护设备的前提下, 取值比地层土压力高 ${0.1}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 左右,本工程控制在 ${0.25}\sim$ ${0.35}\mathrm{{MPa}}$
管片出盾尾 5 环后进行二次注浆, 根据车站变形监测结果, 及时调整压浆量与注浆压力。
浆液采用水泥-水玻璃双液浆,浆液由 $\mathrm{A}$ 液(水+ 水泥), B 液 (水玻璃 + 水) 组成。要求浆液 1 d 抗压强度 $\geq {0.3}\mathrm{{MPa}},{28}\mathrm{\;d}$ 抗压强度 $\geq {3.0}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,初凝时间 $\leq {40}\mathrm{\;s}$
二次注浆的注浆量取同步注浆量的 10%~15%,二次注浆压力过小难以注入, 过大会引起管片开裂, 二次注浆压力比同步注浆压力高 ${0.05}\sim {0.1}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,本工程控制在 ${0.30}\sim {0.45}\mathrm{{MPa}}$
在二次注浆以后, 根据车站的变形监测情况, 当变形达到黄色预警值时, 通过多孔管片及时补压浆, 遵循多点少量多次的原则, 浆液采用二次注浆相同浆液,注浆压力 $\leq {0.7}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,直至变形满足要求且趋于稳定为止。
车站变形测点沿纵向以 $5\mathrm{\;m}$ 间隔均匀布置在靠近被切割地连墙一侧的车站侧墙与底板交界处, 盾构切割运营站地连墙后下穿车站底板施工, 运营站的最终变形监测数据如 图 6 所示。
图 6 (a)可知,运营站的总沉降变形为 1.15 ~ ${3.74}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,车站沿纵向的变形近似呈现 $\mathrm{W}$ 型,测点距离 ${25}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处为盾构左线正上方位置,其最大沉降约 ${3.38}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 测点距离 ${40}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处为盾构右线正上方最近的测点,其最大沉降约 ${3.74}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,离穿越点越远,沉降变形越小。运营站的沉降变形主要是由于盾构下穿车站底板施工过程中的地层损失引起, 盾构切割地连墙阶段, 车站沉降变形为 ${0.13}\sim {0.61}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
图 6 (b)可知,运营站总水平位移约为 4.61 ${4.98}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,由盾构切割地连墙阶段的顶推及盾构下穿车站施工两个原因引起, 后者引起的变形较小, 仅为 0.4 ~ 1.26 mm。运营站由于各层板及地连墙影响,其自身的整体抗侧移刚度近似无限大, 在盾构切割地连墙的水平推力作用下,运营站在较大范围内呈现整体平移状态,其引起的水平变形占总水平位移 75%以上。
根据运营站的现状检测及安全评估结果, 车站水平及竖向变形控制值为 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。由 图 6 的监测结果可知, 运营站的最大沉降及最大水平位移均未达到黄色变形预警值7 mm [ 14 ] ,在采取风险控制措施后,变形满足要求。
针对富水软土地区盾构穿越运营站未预留玻璃纤维筋的地连墙, 以及近距离下穿运营站底板施工的风险控制进行了研究, 并采用监测结果验证效果, 得出以下结论:
1) 采用 ${180}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${140}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 两种高度的高强度贝壳刀搭配使用, 并且在切割地连墙阶段降低掘进速度与盾构推力, 加大刀盘扭矩, 根据掘进位置实时调整掘进参数, 能实现盾构安全穿越地连墙。
2) 盾构下穿既有运营站过程中, 由于上方车站的存在,土仓压力设定应根据地连墙是否参与抗浮进行理论计算, 将运营站底板与地层的相互作用力作为下穿施工时的附加荷载, 以盾构中心处的静止土压力提高 1.2 倍作为土仓压力设定值, 可减少对底板的扰动。
3) 地层与盾壳空隙采用克泥效充填, 以及合理确定盾构同步注浆、二次注浆及径向注浆参数是变形控制的重点。
4) 监测结果表明, 盾构下穿运营站施工引起的变形以沉降为主,沿车站纵向近似呈 $\mathrm{W}$ 型,盾构切割地连墙施工以水平变形为主,水平变形占总水平位移的 75%以上。采取措施后,竖向与水平位移均满足要求, 风险可控。
  • 中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划重点课题(N2020G009)
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2024年第37卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.012
  • 接收时间:2024-04-07
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-07
  • 修回日期:2024-05-08
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中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划重点课题(N2020G009)
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    中国铁路设计集团有限公司 天津 300308
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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