Article(id=1149742005846192955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709049600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-28, revisedDate=1720540800000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049455367, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049455367, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049455367, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049455367, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149741999626043609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752049453884, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780113622, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=71, endPage=77, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149742005997187900, articleId=1149742005846192955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Design and Experimental Study of Height-Adjustable Devices Using Low-Melting-Point Alloys for Rail Bridges, columnId=1152669335454658940, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Academic Discussion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the increasing speed and strict requirements for bridge smoothness in the design of railelevated bridges, this study is based on the design of the elevated bridge of Beijing Metro Line 22 at a speed of 160 km/h. A new type of adjustable height device is developed and designed based on a lowmeltingpoint alloy as the height adjustment medium. A series of experimental studies are conducted, including the structural design of the device, indoor temperature and pressure tests, fullscale pressure adjustment performance tests of the compression shear machine, and onsite beam erection tests. The findings indicate that the new adjustable height device enables stepless bidirectional height adjustment with a rapid adjustment speed, completing height changes within 30 s. The device achieves millimeterlevel accuracy, and the alloy demonstrates excellent stepless adjustment performance and compression stability once cooled and solidified. The accuracy and stability of this adjustable height device not only ensure the smoothness of elevated bridge beams but also offer valuable guidance for engineering applications, such as replacing deteriorated bearings and adjusting for differential settlement in bridges.

, correspAuthors=Jian ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian ZHU, Yayong XIE, Gong CHEN, Pandao LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149742021105070428, articleId=1149742005846192955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=轨道桥梁低熔点合金可调高装置设计与试验研究, columnId=1152669335668568445, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=学术探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对轨道高架桥梁的设计时速越来越高,对桥梁平顺性要求也越来越严格的问题,以设计时速160 km/h的北京地铁22号线高架桥梁为工程依托,研发设计基于低熔点合金为调高介质的新型可调高装置,并开展该装置的构造设计、室内升温承压试验、压剪机足尺加压调高性能试验及现场架梁试验等系列试验研究。研究结果表明:该新型可调高装置可实现无级双向调高功能,其调高速度快,30s内可完成高度调整,且调高精度可达毫米级,并在合金冷却固化后具有良好的无极调高性能和受压稳定性。这种可调高装置的精度和稳定性不仅是高架桥梁平顺性的重要保障,而且为病害支座更换、桥梁差异沉降调整等方面的工程应用提供指导。

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朱剑,男,硕士,正高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通建设管理及相关科研工作,

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2 城市轨道交通全自动运行系统与安全监控北京市重点实验室 北京 100068
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朱剑,男,硕士,正高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通建设管理及相关科研工作,

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1. 伸缩筒;2. 下降进油口;3. 端盖;4. 导向带;5. 外筒; 6. 上进气口;7. 下降油通道;8. 外筒气体通道;9. 回气口; 10. 下进气口;11. 底座气体通道;12. 螺钉;13. 底座; 14. 隔板;15. 活塞;16. 密封环;17. 密封环密封件; 18. 低熔点合金;19. 下降液压腔;20. 隔环;21. 活塞密封; 22. 顶升液压腔;23. 顶升进油口。

, figureFileSmall=3SgnSYd0p/vHezRvUQ6OIQ==, figureFileBig=iq3Qzrg65ZSjUsDtB8NCxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991672087175392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005846192955, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=The working process of a height-adjustable device using low-melting-point alloys, figureFileSmall=ihmglKGH7k5qel4V/ZXihw==, figureFileBig=Kde0ANFztcr5FueNi9qmMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991672124924129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005846192955, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=低熔点合金可调高装置工作流程, figureFileSmall=ihmglKGH7k5qel4V/ZXihw==, figureFileBig=Kde0ANFztcr5FueNi9qmMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991672171061474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005846192955, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Loading cylinder for heating and colling stress performance tests on T70 and T92 using low-melting-point 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试验机荷载 500 kN 1 000 kN 1 500 kN 2 000 kN
压力表 G1/MPa 9.5 17.5 27.4 36.2
压力表 G2/MPa 9.0 17.5 27.0 36.0
), ArticleFig(id=1153991673399992570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005846192955, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=带载顶升试验记录, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验机荷载 500 kN 1 000 kN 1 500 kN 2 000 kN
压力表 G1/MPa 9.5 17.5 27.4 36.2
压力表 G2/MPa 9.0 17.5 27.0 36.0
), ArticleFig(id=1153991673450324219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005846192955, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Test records of loading during the cooling process, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 0.6 1.5 6.6 10
$\mathrm{G}1/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 36.2 36.1 36.0 35.8
$\mathrm{{G2}/{MPa}}$ 36.0 36.0 36.0 35.8
合金温度/℃ 79 75 73 67
试验机竖向位移/mm 11.525 12.692 13.332 13.363
试验机压力/kN 826 1918 2000 2000
), ArticleFig(id=1153991673509044476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005846192955, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=冷却过程加载试验记录, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 0.6 1.5 6.6 10
$\mathrm{G}1/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 36.2 36.1 36.0 35.8
$\mathrm{{G2}/{MPa}}$ 36.0 36.0 36.0 35.8
合金温度/℃ 79 75 73 67
试验机竖向位移/mm 11.525 12.692 13.332 13.363
试验机压力/kN 826 1918 2000 2000
), ArticleFig(id=1153991673563570429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005846192955, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Test records of loading process after alloy solidification, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 0.1 1.7 3.67 5.0 7.5 10.0
压力/kN 39.72 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
位移/mm 1.325 3.665 3.697 3.707 3.713 3.723
), ArticleFig(id=1153991673609707774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005846192955, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=合金冷却后加载试验记录, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 0.1 1.7 3.67 5.0 7.5 10.0
压力/kN 39.72 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
位移/mm 1.325 3.665 3.697 3.707 3.713 3.723
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轨道桥梁低熔点合金可调高装置设计与试验研究
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朱剑 1, 2, 3 , 谢亚勇 1 , 陈功 4 , 李盼到 4
都市快轨交通 | 学术探讨 2024,37(6): 71-77
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都市快轨交通 | 学术探讨 2024, 37(6): 71-77
轨道桥梁低熔点合金可调高装置设计与试验研究
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朱剑1, 2, 3 , 谢亚勇1, 陈功4, 李盼到4
作者信息
  • 1 北京城市快轨建设管理有限公司 北京 100027
  • 2 城市轨道交通全自动运行系统与安全监控北京市重点实验室 北京 100068
  • 3 北京工业大学 北京 100124
  • 4 北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 北京 100082
  • 朱剑,男,硕士,正高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通建设管理及相关科研工作,

Design and Experimental Study of Height-Adjustable Devices Using Low-Melting-Point Alloys for Rail Bridges
Jian ZHU1, 2, 3 , Yayong XIE1, Gong CHEN4, Pandao LI4
Affiliations
  • 1 Beijing Metro Construction Administration Corporation Beijing 100027
  • 2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Fully Automatic Operation and Safety Monitoring for Urban Rail Transit Beijing 100068
  • 3 Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124
  • 4 Beijing General Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. Beijing 100082
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.010
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针对轨道高架桥梁的设计时速越来越高,对桥梁平顺性要求也越来越严格的问题,以设计时速160 km/h的北京地铁22号线高架桥梁为工程依托,研发设计基于低熔点合金为调高介质的新型可调高装置,并开展该装置的构造设计、室内升温承压试验、压剪机足尺加压调高性能试验及现场架梁试验等系列试验研究。研究结果表明:该新型可调高装置可实现无级双向调高功能,其调高速度快,30s内可完成高度调整,且调高精度可达毫米级,并在合金冷却固化后具有良好的无极调高性能和受压稳定性。这种可调高装置的精度和稳定性不仅是高架桥梁平顺性的重要保障,而且为病害支座更换、桥梁差异沉降调整等方面的工程应用提供指导。

城市轨道交通  /  轨道桥梁  /  低熔点合金  /  调高介质  /  可调高装置  /  无级双向调高

In response to the increasing speed and strict requirements for bridge smoothness in the design of railelevated bridges, this study is based on the design of the elevated bridge of Beijing Metro Line 22 at a speed of 160 km/h. A new type of adjustable height device is developed and designed based on a lowmeltingpoint alloy as the height adjustment medium. A series of experimental studies are conducted, including the structural design of the device, indoor temperature and pressure tests, fullscale pressure adjustment performance tests of the compression shear machine, and onsite beam erection tests. The findings indicate that the new adjustable height device enables stepless bidirectional height adjustment with a rapid adjustment speed, completing height changes within 30 s. The device achieves millimeterlevel accuracy, and the alloy demonstrates excellent stepless adjustment performance and compression stability once cooled and solidified. The accuracy and stability of this adjustable height device not only ensure the smoothness of elevated bridge beams but also offer valuable guidance for engineering applications, such as replacing deteriorated bearings and adjusting for differential settlement in bridges.

urban rail transit  /  urban rail transit bridge  /  low-melting-point alloy  /  raising medium  /  adjustable height device  /  step-less two-way height adjustment
朱剑, 谢亚勇, 陈功, 李盼到. 轨道桥梁低熔点合金可调高装置设计与试验研究. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (6) : 71 -77 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.010
Jian ZHU, Yayong XIE, Gong CHEN, Pandao LI. Design and Experimental Study of Height-Adjustable Devices Using Low-Melting-Point Alloys for Rail Bridges[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (6) : 71 -77 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.010
可调高装置在桥梁工程中有着广泛的应用和不可或缺的工程价值, 在新建桥梁建设过程中和在役桥梁安全运营保障中均发挥着十分重要的作用。比如在新建桥梁的主梁架设, 既有桥梁病害支座的更换, 地质沉陷区、 活动断裂带、软土地区桥梁的高程调整,钢-混凝土结合梁、悬臂浇筑梁的临时支撑, 桥梁沉降稳定过程中高程及内力调整,局部沉降后桥梁高程的调整与内力恢复等方面均需要可调高装置的参与。目前, 应用于轨道桥梁工程中的可调高装置主要包括: 千斤顶、沙箱及可调高支座 3 类,3 类可调高装置的特点如下。
千斤顶通过改变封闭腔体内的液体压力举升或下落物体, 主要作为临时支撑应用于梁体的临时举升、 沉降桥梁的临时加固中。液压千斤顶的优点在于既可调高也可调低, 缺点在于其长期保压能力差, 无级、 多次调节的稳定性较差。
沙箱是在封闭容器内放置干燥的细沙,在容器底部或侧面打开开口时细沙流出, 从而减少容器内的细沙体积,使落于沙箱上的结构逐步下落 [ 1 ] 。沙箱的制作难度低, 操作速度快, 常作为主梁架设时的临时支撑, 通过流出细沙使架设梁体落至设计高程。从沙箱的工作原理可以看出, 该装置只可调低不可调高, 对高程的调整具有不可逆性, 且实际操作中对细沙的流出量控制无法做到非常精确。
可调高支座主要有聚氨酯可调高支座 [ 2 - 3 ] 和机械类可调高支座 [ 4 - 5 ] 两类。其中聚氨酯可调高支座是在常规支座的底部设置封闭腔体, 通过高压向腔体内注射聚氨酯类填充物实现调高。该类支座可作为临时支撑或永久支座用于桥梁结构中, 其缺点在于仅可实现一次性调高,无法反复调高,且不可调低。机械类可调高支座主要有螺纹调高 [ 6 ] 和楔形调高 [ 7 ] 两类,精度不易保证,大行程时存在安全风险[ 8 ]。
随着国内城市轨道交通的快速发展, 一线城市的轨道交通已向着大站快线的趋势转变, 其设计时速较传统城市轨道交通线有了大幅提高, 比如本文所依托的北京地铁 22 号线(后文简称 “ 22 号线”)的高架桥梁段设计时速已达 ${160}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,为目前国内城市轨道交通最高时速, 其对高架桥梁平顺性的要求更为严格, 基于这样的特点, 22 号线高架桥梁对施工过程中的梁体架设精度、速度, 以及架梁过程中落梁超限的快速调整能力等需求强烈。22 号线线路示意如 图 1 所示。
为克服前文各类可调高装置的缺点, 本文结合 22 号线的需求提出了一种基于低熔点合金为调高介质的新型可调高装置, 并开展了该装置的构造设计、室内试验研究及现场架梁试验, 验证了其受力的稳定性及可实现快速反复无级调高调低的功能。该装置摒弃了常规可调高装置的各项缺点, 且可满足于主梁架设调高、病害支座更换、桥梁差异沉降调整等方面可调高装置的全场景工程应用。
低熔点合金一般是由铋、锡、铅、铟等低熔点金属元素组成, 其熔点可根据不同的金属配比控制在 50~100°C之间,主要作为保险丝应用于电气设备中以保证电路的安全性 [ 9 ] 。随着合金技术的持续发展,低熔点合金的热熔流动性及液固相变稳定性逐步提高, 目前已广泛应用于机械、航空、汽车、电气仪表轻工业及原子能工业中 [ 10 ] ,尚未应用于土木工程领域,但其良好的热熔后流动性和液固相变稳定性与工程领域中调高装置介质的需求十分吻合。
为此, 基于低熔点合金的上述特性, 开发了新型可调高装置。
本次低熔点合金可调高装置设计以北京地铁 22 号线标准 $\mathrm{U}$ 梁为依托,设计可适用于该线路标准梁架设的低熔点合金可调高装置。
22 号线标准梁为 ${30}\mathrm{\;m}$ 跨预应力混凝土简支 U 梁, 裸梁自重约 ${200}\mathrm{t}$ ,架梁时两端各设置 2 处可调高装置, 单个装置顶力为 ${50}\mathrm{t}$ ,安全系数取 2.0,即本次可调高装置顶升承载力按 ${100}\mathrm{t}$ 设计。标准 $\mathrm{U}$ 梁断面见 图 2 , 现场架设 $\mathrm{U}$ 梁见 图 3
低熔点合金可调高装置构造设计如 图 4 所示, 该装置主要由伸缩筒(1)、外筒(5)、活塞(15)、底座(13)、 顶升液压腔(22)等组成。其工作原理是通过顶升进油口(23)向顶升液压腔(22)中注入液压油实现高度调节, 调节过程中, 外筒(5)内的液态低熔点合金(18)随着高度变化自然流动, 待高度稳定后降低外筒内温度使低熔点合金(18)在目标高度下凝固为金属固体参与承载,使得装置成为稳定支撑。
本次低熔点合金可调高装置的工作流程如 图 5 所示。
本装置充分利用了低熔点合金液体状态时的流动性, 通过增压或释压来增加或减少封闭墙体内的液体合金体积, 实现了液压千斤顶的无级双向调高(调低、 调高)功能。同时, 高度调整完成后, 随着腔体内液态合金转化为固态金属, 其受力性能与常规钢材无异, 具有良好的稳定性, 可作为整个装置的一部分长期参与受力。由于低熔点合金可随时通过加热及冷却实现其液固转换, 使得本次研发的新型可调高装置具备可随时反复调高的特点。
该新型可调高装置为低熔点合金在此类装置的首次应用, 低熔点合金在升温过程中的受力表现、实际装置的顶升性能等均有待验证, 为此本文就上述问题开展了试验研究。
本次选用熔点分别为 ${70}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$${92}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 的两种低熔点合金开展试验研究, 其型号命名为 T70 和 T92。上述两种熔点温度可确保该合金在绝大部分自然环境中完成调高转换为固态后不会再次液化, 从而保证装置长期承载时的稳定性。
为探明 T70、T92 低熔点合金在升降温过程中的抗压稳定性,本文开展了二者的升降温受力性能试验。 试验方法为: 将融化的低熔点合金放置于内径为 ${52}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 、 深度为 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的金属缸筒中进行升温加载试验,如 图 6 所示。
缸筒内合金高度为 ${35}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,其加热融化由缸筒外侧包裹带温控开关的加热带进行控制。缸筒侧壁设置温度传感器用于检查缸筒内合金的温度变化, 传感器探针深入缸筒中心靠近缸筒底部, 可实时反映缸筒内低熔点合金的温度情况, 如 图 7 所示。
本次研究对 T70、T92 两种低熔点合金分别开展自然升温加载试验和人工升温加载试验。
自然升温加载试验是将冷却后的 T70、T92 合金连同缸筒一起放到低温箱内,直至温度降至零下 ${15}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 后迅速将装置取出并安装在合金试验装置上进行加载, 其试验结果分别如 图 8图 9 所示。
图 8图 9 的试验结果可知, T70、T92 低熔点合金在自然升温工况下的变形主要发生在初期, 后期趋于稳定,其最终变形量分别为 ${0.65}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$${1.2}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 经观察后发现两种合金的变形主要是由于加载过程中上压板外围未能和缸筒内壁完全密封, 导致少量合金被挤出。由 图 10 可看出缸筒内壁有少量合金挤出的痕迹。
为避免合金被挤出, 对上压板进行改进后开展了人工升温加载试验。试验过程中维持加载压强基本不变, 通过加热带对缸筒内的合金进行加热, 过程中控制加热器温度,每 ${10}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 段维持较长时间。通过系统采集加载压力、竖向变形和合金温度的变化数据, 其试验结果分别如 图 11图 12 所示。
图 11图 12 的试验结果可知, T70、T92 低熔点合金在人工升温工况下几乎不发生变形, 可见升温状态下 T70、T92 低熔点合金具有良好的承压性能,且承压性能十分稳定。
为进一步研究低熔点合金实际应用于可调高装置中的力学性能, 本文继续开展了低熔点合金可调高装置的调高性能试验。
为了验证装置双向无极调高性能的可靠性和稳定性, 开展了该装置足尺调高性能试验。实际工程中往往需要同时使 2 台甚至多台调高装置进行高度调节, 因此, 本次试验随机选取 2 套调高装置和 1 套液压系统在 YJW-10000 kN 压剪试验机上进行模拟试验,分别进行了无负载顶升下落试验、带载顶升试验、冷却过程加载试验、合金冷却后压力试验,如 图 13 所示。
两套装置同时加热、同时顶升,顶升高度设定为 ${30}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,记录加热时间。与试验机上板接触后关闭液压系统, 然后借助外力使调高装置活塞杆回落到初始位置, 记录合金熔化时间及装置运行的同步性和平顺性, 结果显示两套低熔点合金可调高装置在顶升和下落过程中具有良好的同步性和平顺性, 验证了该装置具有良好的无级调高功能。
试验机上板静止不动,启动液压系统,调高装置活塞杆与试验机顶板接触后继续加载, 在此过程观察并记录压力表 $\mathrm{G}1$$\mathrm{G}2$ 读数与试验机荷载读数记录如 表 1 所示。该试验模拟了实际工程里顶升过程中荷载不断增加的过程。由 表 1 可知, 两套低熔点合金可调高装置在上部荷载作用下受力均匀, 且具有良好的稳定性。
完成带载顶升试验后, 关闭加热装置, 泄掉液压腔压力,关闭液压系统。启动试验机,对合金调高装置按最大设计载荷加载,持续 ${10}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,记录加载过程中合金温度、压力表读数及竖向位移变化, 同时保留加载曲线, 试验记录如 表 2 所示。
经检查, 试验机竖向位移是由加载前腔体内初始空隙所导致, 该部分位移消除后, 荷载逐步加载至最大值 ${2000}\mathrm{{kN}}$ 后两套低熔点合金可调高装置的变形趋于稳定, 由此可看出腔体内合金在由液体向固体状态转化过程中仍具有良好的均匀受力的稳定性。
待合金完全冷却(温度降至 35°C 以下)时启动液压系统,再次泄放液压腔压力使 G1 和 G2 压力表读数为零。 对合金装置加载, 记录载荷-位移数据, 如 表 3 所示。
表 3 可知, 两套低熔点合金可调高装置腔体内合金彻底转化为固体后,在完成加载前的不密实度消除后其变形基本不再变化, 即该装置的承载能力与传统物理垫块无异,具有良好的稳定性。
通过上述两项试验, 可以看出本次提出的低熔点合金可调高装置升温承压性能良好, 承压过程中具有良好的稳定性。结合压剪机的室内顶升模拟试验, 初步验证了其不但具有类似于液压千斤顶的灵活调高调低功能, 且在腔体内低熔点合金固化后, 可作为长期稳定支撑。
上述研究已初步验证本次提出的低熔点合金可调高装置的升温承压性能和良好的调高性能。为进一步测试该装置在实际工程高架桥中作为临时支撑调高装置在梁体架设中的效果, 在北京地铁 22 号线高架桥梁标准梁段, 从调高速度、精度及支撑稳定性 3 方面开展现场试验研究。
选择 22 号线马坊站一马昌营站高架区间 MM151、 MM152 轴开展本装置架梁试验, 该跨上部结构为双片 ${30}\mathrm{\;m}$ 跨预应力混凝土简支 $\mathrm{U}$ 梁,试验梁为右线梁体, 如 图 14 所示。
在 MM151、MM152 轴改良顶面各设置 2 处低熔点合金可调高装置作为临时支撑, 如 图 15 所示, 待梁体下落到装置顶部后撤销架桥机吊杆力, 由本装置作为支撑调整梁体高度至设计高程, 过程中对调整时间、 调整后装置变形情况进行记录。
为排除干扰, 试验中开展 5 轮调高试验, 调整高程差为 ${25}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,每轮调整从装置工作开始时计时至达到设计高程时结束计时,第 $1 \sim 5$ 轮时间分别为:27.5、 ${28.2}\text{、}{27.1}\text{、}{30.3}\text{、}{26.9}\mathrm{\;s}$ 。由试验可知,除第 4 轮之外其余轮次高度调整时间均小于 ${30}\mathrm{\;s}$ ,该调整速度较快, 可以满足架梁过程中调节高度的需求。
选取 3.1 节中的第 3 轮, 从高度调整开始至调整完成后冷却装置中低熔点合金至固态, 将梁体置于装置上方 $3\mathrm{\;h}$ ,过程中每 ${10}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 测量盖梁顶至梁底距离, 观察梁体通过本装置调整高度就位后的高程变化, 记录结果如 图 16 所示。
图 16 可以看出, 通过本次低熔点合金可调高装置完成梁体高度调整后, 盖梁顶至梁底间高度几乎无变化, 图中个别数据波动为测量误差所致。本次主梁与盖梁顶间隙高度设计为 ${400}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,可以看出,通过本装置将主梁调整至设计高程后, 间隙高度基本处于 ${400}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,上下误差约 $1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,该精度可满足轨道高架桥梁架设精度要求。
通过现场架梁试验可知, 本次低熔点合金可调高装置调整速度快、精度高, 且承压稳定性与物理垫块无异,稳定性良好。
以北京地铁 22 号线为依托, 充分利用低熔点合金良好的热熔后流动性和液固相变的稳定性, 将其作为调高装置的调高介质, 开发了一种轨道桥梁用新型可调高装置, 并开展了该合金的受力性能试验和装置的足尺顶升降落及不同相态下的持荷试验, 得到以下主要结论。
1) 低熔点合金在升温状态下均具有良好的承压能力, 可作为调高装置的腔体内的调高介质。
2) 低熔点合金可调高装置利用加热后的液态合金可实现无级双向调高功能, 即可实现无级的调高或调低功能。
3) 本文所提出的低熔点合金新型可调高装置具有无级双向调高功能, 且其调整速度快(调高时长约为 ${30}\mathrm{\;s}$ )、精度高(误差 $1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ),完成调高后腔体内低熔点合金转换为固态后, 该装置可作为永久支撑使用, 具有良好的稳定性。
综上所述, 本次提出的低熔点合金可调高装置克服了常规可调高装置的缺点, 同时具备了常规可调高装置的优点, 既可用于临时调高, 调高完成后亦可作为永久支撑, 可满足主梁架设调高、病害支座更换、桥梁差异沉降调整等方面可调高装置的全场景工程应用, 具有十分广阔的应用前景。目前该装置已于北京地铁 22 号线高架桥梁段部分段落投入使用, 运行状态良好。
  • 北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司“双创”基金项目(SCJJ2023008)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52378385)
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2024年第37卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.010
  • 接收时间:2024-02-28
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-28
  • 修回日期:2024-07-10
基金
北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司“双创”基金项目(SCJJ2023008)
国家自然科学基金(52378385)
作者信息
    1 北京城市快轨建设管理有限公司 北京 100027
    2 城市轨道交通全自动运行系统与安全监控北京市重点实验室 北京 100068
    3 北京工业大学 北京 100124
    4 北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 北京 100082
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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