Article(id=1149742004902478129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704816000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-10, revisedDate=1714924800000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049455141, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049455141, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049455141, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049455141, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149741999626043609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752049453884, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780113622, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=63, endPage=70, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149742005057667385, articleId=1149742004902478129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Finite Element Analysis of the Influencing Factors on the Floating of Shield Tunnel Segments in Soft Soil Strata, columnId=1152669335454658940, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Academic Discussion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study examines the impact of shield tunneling excavation speed and slurry solidification time on the buoyancy of tunnel segments, focusing on the section between Tongyuan Road Station and Xinggang Street Station on Suzhou Metro Line 5. A threedimensional finite element model of shield tunnel segments was developed using Winkler elastic foundation beams, considering the dynamic and static buoyancy effects generated by synchronous and secondary grouting on the pipe segments. The analysis assessed how excavation speed and grouting solidification time influence the uplift and misalignment of the segments. Results showed that both uplift and misalignment increased with higher tunneling speeds. The upward floating problem mainly occurs at the bottom of the pipe segment in the nonsolidified section of the slurry, whereas the misalignment mainly occurs at the junction between the nonsolidified section and the shield tail section, as well as between the nonsolidified section and the solidified section of the slurry. To avoid floating and misalignment of the pipe segments from exceeding the specification requirements, the excavation speed of the shield machine should not exceed 10 rings per day. Furthermore, it was observed that as the solidification time of the slurry increased, the amount of floating and misalignment of the tunnel segments gradually increased. Therefore, the use of a fastsetting and early strength dual liquid slurry is beneficial for controlling the floating of shield tunnels.

, correspAuthors=Baocheng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Baocheng ZHANG, Wenzhe HE, Wei GUAN, Zhibin LUO, Mingli HUANG, Xiaoyu WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149742017904821078, articleId=1149742004902478129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=软土地层盾构隧道管片上浮影响因素有限元分析, columnId=1152669335668568445, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=学术探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究掘进速度和浆液凝胶时间对盾构隧道管片上浮的影响,依托苏州地铁5号线通园路站——星港街站盾构区间,采用Winkler 弹性地基梁建立盾构管片三维有限元荷载结构模型,考虑同步注浆和二次补浆对管片产生的动(静)上浮力,分析掘进速度和注浆凝胶时间对管片上浮和错台的影响。研究结果表明:管片上浮和错台随着盾构掘进速度的增加而增大,上浮主要出现在浆液未凝固段管片底部,错台主要出现在浆液未凝固段与盾尾段和浆液凝固段的交界处,为避免管片上浮量和错台量超过规范要求,盾构掘进速度不能超过10环/d;随着浆液凝胶时间的延长,管片上浮量和错台量逐渐增大,选用速凝早强的双液浆进行背后注浆有利于控制盾构隧道上浮。

, correspAuthors=张宝成, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ylW68NbVvYmcIIls2WhV4g==, magXml=NhrsE5g6DFuae6V393SiFg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ArG8DYamD2q3eyXFlWLRAQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9gFXav2m7FmtOLBBX/jZFQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张宝成,男,硕士,副教授,从事市政工程技术教学工作,

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张宝成,男,硕士,副教授,从事市政工程技术教学工作,

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张宝成,男,硕士,副教授,从事市政工程技术教学工作,

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991666982707258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742004902478129, language=CN, label=图 12, caption=不同凝胶时间管片最大上浮和错台, figureFileSmall=ecbiTHo1+Ru8hLOycEns4Q==, figureFileBig=j2OCKK3ZYspjc/Ez0CEbTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991667049816125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742004902478129, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Calculated conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素 计算工况 备注
-
掘进速度/(环/8 h) 2 4 6 8 凝胶时间 $8\mathrm{\;h}$
凝胶时间 $/\mathrm{h}$ 2 4 6 8 掘进速度 4 环/8 h
), ArticleFig(id=1153991667121119296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742004902478129, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=计算工况, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素 计算工况 备注
-
掘进速度/(环/8 h) 2 4 6 8 凝胶时间 $8\mathrm{\;h}$
凝胶时间 $/\mathrm{h}$ 2 4 6 8 掘进速度 4 环/8 h
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软土地层盾构隧道管片上浮影响因素有限元分析
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张宝成 1 , 贺文喆 1 , 关伟 2 , 罗治斌 3 , 黄明利 4 , 吴啸宇 4
都市快轨交通 | 学术探讨 2024,37(6): 63-70
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都市快轨交通 | 学术探讨 2024, 37(6): 63-70
软土地层盾构隧道管片上浮影响因素有限元分析
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张宝成1 , 贺文喆1, 关伟2, 罗治斌3, 黄明利4, 吴啸宇4
作者信息
  • 1 吉林交通职业技术学院 长春 130015
  • 2 中铁十八局集团有限公司 天津 300222
  • 3 中铁十八局集团第四工程有限公司 天津 300131
  • 4 北京交通大学 北京 100044
  • 张宝成,男,硕士,副教授,从事市政工程技术教学工作,

Finite Element Analysis of the Influencing Factors on the Floating of Shield Tunnel Segments in Soft Soil Strata
Baocheng ZHANG1 , Wenzhe HE1, Wei GUAN2, Zhibin LUO3, Mingli HUANG4, Xiaoyu WU4
Affiliations
  • 1 Jilin Transportation Vocational and Technical College Changchun 130015
  • 2 China Railway 18th Bureau Group Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300222
  • 3 China Railway 18th Bureau Group Fourth Engineering Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300131
  • 4 Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.009
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为了研究掘进速度和浆液凝胶时间对盾构隧道管片上浮的影响,依托苏州地铁5号线通园路站——星港街站盾构区间,采用Winkler 弹性地基梁建立盾构管片三维有限元荷载结构模型,考虑同步注浆和二次补浆对管片产生的动(静)上浮力,分析掘进速度和注浆凝胶时间对管片上浮和错台的影响。研究结果表明:管片上浮和错台随着盾构掘进速度的增加而增大,上浮主要出现在浆液未凝固段管片底部,错台主要出现在浆液未凝固段与盾尾段和浆液凝固段的交界处,为避免管片上浮量和错台量超过规范要求,盾构掘进速度不能超过10环/d;随着浆液凝胶时间的延长,管片上浮量和错台量逐渐增大,选用速凝早强的双液浆进行背后注浆有利于控制盾构隧道上浮。

城市轨道交通  /  软土地层  /  盾构隧道  /  管片上浮  /  掘进速度  /  凝胶时间  /  数值分析

This study examines the impact of shield tunneling excavation speed and slurry solidification time on the buoyancy of tunnel segments, focusing on the section between Tongyuan Road Station and Xinggang Street Station on Suzhou Metro Line 5. A threedimensional finite element model of shield tunnel segments was developed using Winkler elastic foundation beams, considering the dynamic and static buoyancy effects generated by synchronous and secondary grouting on the pipe segments. The analysis assessed how excavation speed and grouting solidification time influence the uplift and misalignment of the segments. Results showed that both uplift and misalignment increased with higher tunneling speeds. The upward floating problem mainly occurs at the bottom of the pipe segment in the nonsolidified section of the slurry, whereas the misalignment mainly occurs at the junction between the nonsolidified section and the shield tail section, as well as between the nonsolidified section and the solidified section of the slurry. To avoid floating and misalignment of the pipe segments from exceeding the specification requirements, the excavation speed of the shield machine should not exceed 10 rings per day. Furthermore, it was observed that as the solidification time of the slurry increased, the amount of floating and misalignment of the tunnel segments gradually increased. Therefore, the use of a fastsetting and early strength dual liquid slurry is beneficial for controlling the floating of shield tunnels.

urban rail transit  /  soft soil strata  /  shield tunneling  /  floating pipe segments  /  excavation speed  /  setting time  /  numerical analysis
张宝成, 贺文喆, 关伟, 罗治斌, 黄明利, 吴啸宇. 软土地层盾构隧道管片上浮影响因素有限元分析. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (6) : 63 -70 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.009
Baocheng ZHANG, Wenzhe HE, Wei GUAN, Zhibin LUO, Mingli HUANG, Xiaoyu WU. Finite Element Analysis of the Influencing Factors on the Floating of Shield Tunnel Segments in Soft Soil Strata[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (6) : 63 -70 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.009
管片上浮是盾构在掘进过程中经常遇到的工程问题, 其产生原因受水文地质、工程地质、掘进工法及工艺措施、管片构造、管片后压浆等多种因素影响 [ 1 - 3 ] 。 谭章涛等 [ 4 ] 认为盾构隧道施工过程中管片出现较大程度的上浮是注浆浆液浮力、地层回弹和承压水综合作用的结果; 艾国平、张军、赵光、王其炎等 [ 5 - 8 ] 认为浆液凝固时间对盾构管片上浮影响最大, 浆液凝结时间慢, 管片与地层间隙填充不饱满, 浆液流动到管片拱底堆积, 与地下水混合产生离析现象形成浮力; 胡光静等 [ 9 ] 通过室内试验分析了盾构同步注浆材料的浮力时效特性, 提出降低掘进速度和采用速凝双液浆的方法控制管片上浮; 贺小宾等 [ 10 ] 认为管片上浮是多种因素耦合影响的结果, 除了降低掘进速度和调整浆液配比外, 还应减小同步注浆压力差、进出浆量差和上下断面千斤顶推力压力差, 并适当延长临时停机时间、掘进和管片拼装时间;叶俊能等 [ 11 ] 通过数值建模分析得出管片上浮线性发展接头变形以错台为主,圆弧过渡段以张开变形为主,管片结构形式对上浮量影响较大; 杜闯东等 [ 12 ] 研究了大直径泥水盾构隧道施工中出现的管片上浮和错台问题, 通过采取多种优化措施减小了因管片上浮造成错台较大的技术难题。以往研究经验提出同步注浆浆液凝胶时间是控制管片上浮的重要影响因素, 但很少考虑同步注浆和二次注浆的注浆压力产生的动态上浮力对管片的影响。
本文基于前人的研究经验, 依托苏州地铁 5 号线盾构区间工程, 采用 Winkler 弹性地基梁方法, 考虑同步注浆和二次补浆对管片产生的动(静)上浮力,建立盾构管片上浮荷载结构模型, 研究凝胶时间和掘进速度对管片上浮和错台的影响, 为盾构机掘进参数设定提供依据。
苏州地铁 5 号线通园路站一星港街站区间隧道内径 ${5.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,外径 ${6.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,埋深约 ${10.11}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,全长 ${1060}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 纵断面为单向坡,最大坡度为 2%, 采用土压平衡盾构施工,刀盘开挖直径 ${6.43}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,厚度 $2\mathrm{\;m}$ ,重约 ${35}\mathrm{t}$ ; 前盾直径 ${6.41}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,厚度 ${40}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,重约 ${103}\mathrm{t}$ ;中盾直径 ${6.41}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,长度 ${3.64}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,厚度 ${40}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,重约 ${108}\mathrm{t}$ ;尾盾直径 ${6.41}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,长度 ${2.95}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,厚度 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,重约 ${30}\mathrm{t}$ ;盾体全长 11.4m。盾构隧道管片外径 6.2m,内径 ${5.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 管片厚 ${0.35}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,每环环宽 ${1.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。同步注浆采用水泥砂浆,浆液凝结时间 $8\mathrm{\;h}$ ,结石体 $7\mathrm{\;d}$ 抗压强度 $\geq {0.4}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ , ${14}\mathrm{\;d}$ 抗压强度 $\geq {1.0}\mathrm{{MPa}}$
地层自上而下主要为素填土、黏土、粉质黏土、 粉土、粉砂等,盾构主要穿越中等压缩粉土和粉质黏土,地下水具有微承压性,如 图 1 所示。
控制管片上浮最关键的就是要缩短、解决 图 2 中管片脱出盾尾的上浮区, 这就要求盾尾同步注浆的浆液可以实时填充盾尾空隙, 并较快地形成具有一定早期强度的结石体, 较快地限制脱出盾尾管片的位移并隔绝周围水土。
从盾构机掘进到管片脱出盾尾后的工况分析来看, 隧道管片在一定长度范围内就像两端固定的弹簧梁, 一端受到盾尾的约束不能上浮, 另一端受到已凝固水泥砂浆固体的约束也不能上浮。如果管片脱出盾尾后, 同步注浆的浆液不能达到初凝和一定的早期强度, 隧道管片仍可视为浸泡在液体之中,“弹簧梁” 越长, 管片悬浮在不能达到初凝和一定强度的同步注浆浆液中越长, 虽然管片间以螺栓连接, 但在浮力的作用下发生弹性变形, 不能完全抑制管片上浮, 在浮力的作用下必然会产生上浮现象。
Winkler 地基梁模型计算方便、受力清晰, 因此应用广泛, 其假设地基梁任意位置的位移只与该处所受的应力有关且成正比,而与其他位置受到的应力无关。 采用 Winkler 地基梁模型分析盾构隧道掘进过程中管片上浮问题, 如 图 3 所示。
上浮模型在进行计算时将隧道分为 3 段。
1) 第 1 段为靠近盾尾段的 L1 , 盾构机内部一般存在拼装好的 $2 \sim 3$ 环管片,此部分受到盾壳和钢刷的限制,可当作对后方管片的约束,将 $\mathrm{O}$ 点简化为竖向固定。此部分管片位于盾壳内部, 管片下半圆与盾壳(钢结构)密切接触, 盾壳与地层密切接触, 由于盾构机的质量较大,因此可认为此段不受上浮力的作用,基床系数可取较小值 K1。
2) 第 2 段为脱离盾尾一定距离的管片 L2 , 此部分管片由于同步注浆而被浆液包裹, 受到浆液的静态上浮力、二次注浆的动态上浮力和管片自重作用, 由于此段浆液刚渗入地层, 还未形成较高强度, 因此基床系数取介于 $\mathrm{K}1$$\mathrm{K}3$ 之间的 $\mathrm{K}2$ 。由于本模型的目的是分析管片上浮量与掘进速度的关系, 因此按最不利工况进行考虑, 假设后方管片的浆液已经凝固, 也就是模型的第 3 段 L3。
3) 第 3 段管片不再受浆液浮力和注浆压力的影响, 经过应力重分布管片受力达到平衡状态, 其基床系数可取所处地层的基床系数 $\mathrm{K}3$ 。根据文献调研,一般单液浆的初凝时间为 $6 \sim 8\mathrm{\;h}$ ,因此假设掘进 1 环进行 1 次注浆, 此环和其之前的管片在浆液初凝前始终受到浆液浮力的作用, 浆液浮力由盾尾至浆液凝固段线性减小。
根据上述盾构隧道上浮计算模型, 采用 MIDAS GTS 建立三维荷载-结构模型进行计算, 如 图 4 所示。 管片幅宽 1.2m,计算长度为 ${30}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,共计 25 环管片, 其中包括盾壳内的第 1 段长度 ${3.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,第 2 段上浮区段(未凝固段),现场采用单液浆加固,其初凝时间为 $8 \sim {10}\mathrm{\;h}$ , 根据现场施工监测,盾构机掘进速度为 ${10}\sim {12}$$/\mathrm{d}$ , 每环掘进时间约为 $2\mathrm{\;h}$ ,因此假定浆液未凝固段为 5 环 $6\mathrm{\;m}$ ,剩余 17 环为浆液凝固区段。盾壳段边界限制管片的 $X$$Y$ 方向位移,在管片周围布置地弹簧模拟管片与地层之间的地层抗力,凝固区段边界为固端约束。 管片通过 $2\mathrm{D}$ 板单元进行模拟,管片环内拼接缝通过刚度折减进行模拟,根据经验刚度有效率 $\eta$ 取 0.7; 管片环间纵向拼接缝通过设置接触单元进行模拟。
通过查阅相关规范 [ 13 ] 获取不同土体的地基梁参数建议值:第 1 段位于盾壳内部,取基床系数为 ${10}\mathrm{{kN}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ; 第 2 段为浆液未凝固区段, 按最不利工况进行考虑, 假设浆液为液态且未与地层充分接触形成注浆体, 基床系数取 ${2000}\mathrm{{kN}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ; 第 3 段浆液凝固完全区段,根据地勘报告,盾构隧道所处地层以粉土和粉质黏土层为主,其基床系数取 ${18000}\mathrm{\;{kN}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$
采用弹性模型进行管片模拟, 盾构隧道管片采用 C50 预制混凝土,弹性模量 34500 MPa,经刚度折减后弹性模量为 ${24150}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,重度 ${25}\mathrm{{kN}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,泊松比为 0.2,管片外径为 ${6.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,内径为 ${5.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,管片厚 ${0.35}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 每环环宽 ${1.2}\mathrm{\;m}$
同步注浆结束后管片被浆液包裹,由于浆液初凝时间较长,浆液处于液体状态,根据液体压强理论, 管片不同位置的压强与其处于液体中的深度线性相关, 方向垂直于液体与管片接触面指向圆心, 液体在同一深度处各个方向的压强大小相同, 假设管片顶部注浆深度为 $h$ ,单位宽度管片半径为 $R$ ,浆液重度为 $\gamma$ , 则与水平线夹角为 $\theta$ 处管片所受到的静态上浮力 ${F}_{\text{静 }}$ 为:
${F}_{\text{静 }}= {\int }_{0}^{2\pi }\{\gamma \left\lbrack {h +\left({1 -\sin \theta }\right) R}\right\rbrack \}\sin \theta \mathrm{d}\theta =- {\gamma \pi }{R}^{2}$
采用单液浆进行同步注浆的盾构隧道管片所受静态压强如 图 5 所示。
动态上浮力主要是由同步注浆和二次注浆的注浆压力产生的, 在同步注浆施工过程中, 由于施工技术的限制以及缺乏科学的管理,同步注浆的浆液可能并未完全填充管片与地层之间的间隙, 部分浆液在流动过程中渗入土层或黏着在管片外壁上使管片周围存在注浆孔空隙, 从而使管片受力不均。为了避免出现这种受力不均的情况, 施工中采用地质雷达对壁厚注浆情况进行检测,对存在空隙的管片进行壁后二次注浆。
叶飞等 [ 14 ] 将动态注浆压力归结为 3 种分布形式, 基于 Maag 柱面扩散理论和球面扩散理论研究了动态上浮力的分布。本文按最不利工况进行考虑, 假设在管片下部进行注浆, 浆液扩散方式为压密注浆且在管片环下部集聚, 此时管片受到注浆压力的作用发生上浮, 从而形成动态上浮力, 则单液浆注浆的动态压强分布如 图 6 所示。可以得到管片下部所受的动态上浮力 ${F}_{\text{动 }}$ 为:
${F}_{\text{动 }}= {\int }_{-\theta }^{\theta }{PB}{R}_{1}\cos \beta \mathrm{d}\beta ={2PB}{R}_{1}\sin \theta \left({0 <{\theta }_{1}< 2/\pi }\right)$
式中, $P$ 为注浆压力; $B$ 为单位宽度管片; ${R}_{1}$ 为管片外径; ${\theta }_{1}$ 为浆液分布区域与竖向夹角。
本文分析掘进速度和浆液凝胶时间对盾构管片上浮产生的影响, 具体计算工况如 表 1 所示。
沿隧道轴向提取管片底部竖向位移并绘制变形曲线, 如 图 7 所示。盾尾段、浆液未凝固段和距盾尾较近的浆液凝固段管片底部发生上浮, 而距盾尾较远的已凝固段出现沉降, 这可能是浆液凝固后浮力消散, 上部土压力作用在管片上导致的。随着掘进速度的增大, 管片受浮力影响的范围越来越大, 距盾尾较远的已凝固区域管片在浮力的影响下也逐渐出现上浮。同时随着掘进速度的增大, 管片底部最大上浮量逐渐增大, 掘进速度由推进 2 环 $/8\mathrm{\;h}$ 增大到推进 8 环 $/8\mathrm{\;h}$ ,最大上浮量由 ${10.7}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 逐渐增大到 ${57.8}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
假设浆液完全凝固的 $8\mathrm{\;h}$ 内,盾构机的掘进距离为 $8\mathrm{\;m}$ ,则掘进速度 $v = 1\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{h}$ ,考虑到实际工程中地层条件较为复杂以及盾构机的耐受性, 同时受实际施工技术的制约,盾构机一天工作 ${20}\mathrm{\;h}$ ,则盾构机的掘进速度为 20 环/d,据此可以得到管片最大上浮量与掘进速度的关系,如 图 8 所示。
根据《地下铁道工程施工质量验收标准》(GB/T 50299-2018)规定:管片拼装后,隧道轴线的高程和水平位移不得超过 ,成型隧道验收要求的隧道轴线的高程和水平位移不得超过 。根据 通过线性内插法分析管片最大上浮趋势可以预测,每天掘进 18 环时,管片上浮量将超过规范要求的 。 由此可知, 为避免管片上浮超过规范要求, 盾构机的掘进速度不能超过 18 环 。
提取掘进 8 环时管片底部和顶部的竖向位移并绘制曲线, 如 图 9 所示。从图中可以看出, 浆液未凝固段与盾尾段、浆液凝固段交界处附近的管片错台量较大,随着远离交界处,管片错台量逐渐减小, 浆液未凝固段中间管片错台量较小, 两端管片错台量较大。
图 9 中还可以看出, 在同一管片接缝平面内, 管片底部错台量较顶部错台量大,一方面是由于管片下部浮力较大而上部浮力较小, 另一方面可能是由于隧道顶部覆土压力较大, 地层反力较大抑制了隧道上部的变形, 而隧道底部在开挖后产生了隆起, 加剧了底部上浮造成的。
以错台量较大的管片底部为研究对象分析不同掘进速度对管片错台的影响, 如 图 10 所示。若管片底部错台量满足规范要求,则管片顶部错台量也满足要求。 从 图 10 中可以看出, 浆液未凝固段与盾尾段、浆液凝固段交界处附近的管片错台量较大,随着远离交界处, 管片错台量逐渐减小。随着盾构掘进速度的增大, 隧道管片底部错台量逐渐增大, 由于浆液状态不同导致地基反力系数差异较大, 最大错台量出现在浆液未凝固段与凝固段交界处,掘进速度由推进 2 环 $/8\mathrm{\;h}$ 增大到推进 8 环 $/8\mathrm{\;h}$ ,最大错台量由 ${3.0}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 逐渐增大到 ${12.2}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
根据《地下铁道工程施工质量验收标准》(GB/T 50299-2018)规定:管片拼装后,环内错台量不得超过 ,环间错台量不得超过 。综合考虑不同掘进速度对管片上浮量和错台量的影响, 如图 11所示,盾构掘进速度不超过 10 环/d,可满足规范要求。
假设盾构机掘进速度为 10 环 $/\mathrm{d}$ 不变,未凝固区长度为 $8\mathrm{\;m}$ ,则浆液凝胶时间为 $t ={19}\mathrm{h}$ ,据此得到管片最大上浮量与凝胶时间的关系, 如 图 12 所示。从图中可以看出,浆液凝胶时间由 ${4.8}\mathrm{\;h}$ 增大到 ${19.2}\mathrm{\;h}$ ,管片最大上浮量由 ${10.7}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 逐渐增大到 ${57.8}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,最大错台量由 $3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 增大到 ${12.2}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
盾构掘进速度不变的情况下, 浆液凝胶时间越长, 其流动性越大, 浆液沿管片与地层间隙流动到管片底部, 并逐渐堆集, 易与地下水融合, 离析出砂石沉淀到底层, 影响浆液凝固, 水泥浮于上层, 产生浮力, 造成管片上浮量和错台量越大, 浆液凝胶时间越短, 管片上浮量和错台量越小。因此, 为了控制盾构隧道的上浮, 宜选用凝结速度快的浆液进行同步注浆。
本文采用 Winkler 弹性地基梁建立盾构隧道管片三维荷载结构模型, 分析掘进速度和注浆凝胶时间对管片上浮和错台的影响, 得出以下主要结论。
1) 盾构掘进速度对管片上浮和错台影响较大, 随着掘进速度的增大, 管片最大上浮量和错台量逐渐增大; 掘进速度由推进 2 环/d 增大到推进 8 环/d,最大上浮量由 ${10.7}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 逐渐增大到 ${51.8}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,增大了 4.4 倍; 最大错台量由 ${3.0}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 逐渐增大到 ${12.2}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,增大了 3.06 倍, 为避免管片上浮量和错台量超过规范要求, 盾构掘进速度不能超过 10 环 $/\mathrm{d}$
2) 盾尾和浆液凝固区管片竖向位移较小, 而盾尾与凝固区之间的浆液未凝固段管片竖向位移较大, 最大竖向位移出现在隧道管片底部; 管片底部的错台量较顶部错台量大,浆液未凝固段与盾尾段和浆液凝固段交界处管片错台量较大,随着远离交界处错台量逐渐减小。
3) 浆液凝胶时间对管片上浮和错台影响较大,随着凝胶时间的延长, 管片上浮量和错台量逐渐增大。 因此, 选用速凝早强双液浆进行背后注浆有利于控制盾构隧道上浮, 但考虑到双液浆存在后期强度损失和体积收缩等问题,应对双液浆的配合比做进一步研究。
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2024年第37卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.009
  • 接收时间:2024-01-10
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-10
  • 修回日期:2024-05-06
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    1 吉林交通职业技术学院 长春 130015
    2 中铁十八局集团有限公司 天津 300222
    3 中铁十八局集团第四工程有限公司 天津 300131
    4 北京交通大学 北京 100044
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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