Article(id=1149742003744850184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714406400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-30, revisedDate=1723651200000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049454866, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049454866, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049454866, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049454866, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149741999626043609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752049453884, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780113622, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=106, endPage=108, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149742003950371089, articleId=1149742003744850184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Optimization of Combined Support Systems for Existing Subway Ancillary Structures Affected by Adjacent Excavation, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper proposes a combined support system comprising retaining piles, tensioned anchor rods, and inclined anchor cables with grouting to solve the problems associated with constructing supporting structures for deep excavations near obstacles on one side. The study utilized Midas software for modeling, and singlefactor optimization analysis schemes were designed considering four aspects: spacing and diameter of tensioned anchor rods and number and length of segments for inclined tensioned anchor cables. The rationality of this scheme was validated using engineering examples. The results showed a match between the simulated trends of the horizontal and vertical displacements of the slopeprotection pile tops and the monitoring results. The vertical displacement exhibited a parabolic trend, and the horizontal displacement exhibited an arched shape. The maximum horizontal displacement of the pile tops decreased as the spacing of the tensioned anchor rods decreased and increased as their diameters and the number and length of segments of inclined tensioned anchor cables decreased. During construction, the deformation of subway ancillary structures was wellcontrolled and significantly less than that of the adjacent deep excavation. The top settlement showed a fluctuating upward trend, whereas the deep horizontal displacement had a middlehigh and endlow pattern at different excavation stages. As the excavation depth increased, the subway structures' maximum horizontal deformation shifted downward along the shaft wall.

, correspAuthors=Liyun PENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chang TAO, Liyun PENG, Bingke LIU, Hanyu CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149742016172573403, articleId=1149742003744850184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=近接基坑开挖影响下既有地铁附属结构联合支护体系优化分析, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对既有地铁附属结构在临近深基坑一侧,支护结构施作难的问题,提出“护坡桩+对拉锚杆+斜拉锚索”配合注浆联合支护体系。采用 Midas 软件建模,从对拉锚杆间距与直径、斜拉锚索锚固段长度与道数4个方面设计单因素优化方案,并通过工程实例验证方案的合理性。研究结果表明:桩顶最大水平位移随对拉锚杆间距的减小而减小,随对拉锚杆直径、斜拉锚索锚固段长度与道数的减小而增大;护坡桩桩顶水平、竖向位移的模拟结果与监测结果趋势吻合,竖向位移呈抛物线型,水平位移呈弓型;基坑在施工过程中,地铁附属结构的变形控制较好,远低于近接深基坑桩顶位移;基坑顶部沉降位移呈波动上升趋势,深层水平位移在不同开挖阶段的变形趋势均为中间大两端小,且随着开挖深度的增加,地铁附属结构的最大水平变形位置沿井壁逐渐向下移动。

, correspAuthors=彭丽云, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
彭丽云,女,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为特殊土力学、城市轨道交通运输工程,
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陶畅,男,硕士研究生,主要从事城市轨道交通土建设计、监测、安全防护等研究,

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陶畅,男,硕士研究生,主要从事城市轨道交通土建设计、监测、安全防护等研究,

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陶畅,男,硕士研究生,主要从事城市轨道交通土建设计、监测、安全防护等研究,

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journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=支护优化), Keyword(id=1153991661580444521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=数值计算)], refs=[Reference(id=1153991664843613153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=41, issue=增刊 2, pageStart=93, pageEnd=96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=王杰, 李迪安, 田宝吉, journalName=岩土工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王杰, 李迪安, 田宝吉, 等. 新型桩-土-撑组合支护体系工程应用研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(增刊 2): 93-96., articleTitle=新型桩-土-撑组合支护体系工程应用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153991664914916324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=41, issue=增刊 2, pageStart=93, pageEnd=96, url=null, language=null, 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Beijing: China Planning Press, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153991667456663627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=34, authorNames=中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部, journalName=城市轨道交通工程监测技术规范:GB 50911—2013, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 城市轨道交通工程监测技术规范:GB 50911—2013[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153991667536355407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China, journalName=Code for monitoring measurement of urban rail transit engineering: GB 50911-2013, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. Code for monitoring measurement of urban rail transit engineering: GB 50911-2013[S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1153991664680035288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, awardId=42172299, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(42172299), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1153991655410623214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153991655414817519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, companyId=1153991655410623214, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Civil Engineering and Transportation Beijing University of Architecture Beijing 100044), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153991656731829003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, companyId=1153991655410623214, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 北京建筑大学 土木与交通工程学院 北京 100044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1153991656840880909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153991656853463823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, companyId=1153991656840880909, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Beijing Construction Civil Engineering Co., Ltd. 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The schematic profile of the supporting system at shaft No. 2, figureFileSmall=WUmBPBjVGbZTIItAYQwUgQ==, figureFileBig=dpPd7N3BpVqVKhng06fuKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991662490608533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=2 号竖井处支护体系剖面示意, figureFileSmall=WUmBPBjVGbZTIItAYQwUgQ==, figureFileBig=dpPd7N3BpVqVKhng06fuKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991662566106008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Finite element model of supporting structure, figureFileSmall=OreWCk8SZP5OBLVQeKm3/w==, figureFileBig=NxZ6NHQbT9tmcanFTxfnnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991662649992092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, 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articleId=1149742003744850184, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Single-factor optimization design scheme, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优化项 s/m r/mm l/m n/道
$S$ 优化 0.9,1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 150 10 12
$r$ 优化 1.3 200, 175, 150, 125,100 10 12
$l$ 优化 1.3 150 6, 8, 10, 12,14 12
$n$ 优化 1.3 150 10 0,2,4,6,8, 10, 12, 14
), ArticleFig(id=1153991664088638402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=单因素优化设计方案, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优化项 s/m r/mm l/m n/道
$S$ 优化 0.9,1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 150 10 12
$r$ 优化 1.3 200, 175, 150, 125,100 10 12
$l$ 优化 1.3 150 6, 8, 10, 12,14 12
$n$ 优化 1.3 150 10 0,2,4,6,8, 10, 12, 14
), ArticleFig(id=1153991664151552964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Physical and mechanical parameters of soil layers, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层号 名称 H/m Eu/MPa μ γ/(kN/m3) c/kPa φ/(°)
1 杂填土 5.7 21 0.37 20.2 10 11
2 黏质粉土- 砂质粉土 2.2 72 0.27 19.4 18 20
3 细砂-中砂 5.3 72 0.32 19.8 - 24
4 圆砾-卵石 4.1 210 0.42 21.5 - 40
5 粉质黏土 6.0 45 0.30 19.8 15 16
6 中砂 4.2 84 0.35 20.2 - 36
7 卵石 4.0 300 0.50 22.5 - 52
8 黏质粉土 3.5 90 0.32 20.2 42 16
9 细砂 4.0 105 0.35 20.3 - 32
), ArticleFig(id=1153991664218661830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=土层物理力学参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层号 名称 H/m Eu/MPa μ γ/(kN/m3) c/kPa φ/(°)
1 杂填土 5.7 21 0.37 20.2 10 11
2 黏质粉土- 砂质粉土 2.2 72 0.27 19.4 18 20
3 细砂-中砂 5.3 72 0.32 19.8 - 24
4 圆砾-卵石 4.1 210 0.42 21.5 - 40
5 粉质黏土 6.0 45 0.30 19.8 15 16
6 中砂 4.2 84 0.35 20.2 - 36
7 卵石 4.0 300 0.50 22.5 - 52
8 黏质粉土 3.5 90 0.32 20.2 42 16
9 细砂 4.0 105 0.35 20.3 - 32
), ArticleFig(id=1153991664298353608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Parameters for supporting system modeling, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构名称 模型类型 单元属性 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比
斜拉锚索 植入式桁架 1D ${2.0} \times {10}^{6}$ 0.25
内支撑 梁单元 1D ${2.1} \times {10}^{5}$ 0.20
护坡桩 等效板单元 2D ${3.0} \times {10}^{4}$ 0.20
对拉锚杆 植入式桁架 1D ${1.8} \times {10}^{5}$ 0.20
冠梁/腰梁 梁单元 2D ${3.0} \times {10}^{4}$ 0.20
底板 板单元 2D ${3.5} \times {10}^{4}$ 0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1153991664373851082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=支护体系建模参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构名称 模型类型 单元属性 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比
斜拉锚索 植入式桁架 1D ${2.0} \times {10}^{6}$ 0.25
内支撑 梁单元 1D ${2.1} \times {10}^{5}$ 0.20
护坡桩 等效板单元 2D ${3.0} \times {10}^{4}$ 0.20
对拉锚杆 植入式桁架 1D ${1.8} \times {10}^{5}$ 0.20
冠梁/腰梁 梁单元 2D ${3.0} \times {10}^{4}$ 0.20
底板 板单元 2D ${3.5} \times {10}^{4}$ 0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1153991664424182734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Details of excavation construction stages, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 工况 简述(标高均为建筑标高)
1 初始应力场计算 整个分析模型内只有土体
2 注浆区施工 先进行注浆区施工,使其对土体产生影响
3 既有 2 号竖井模拟 2 号竖井为既有竖井,基坑开挖对其产 生影响
4 既有 3 号竖井模拟 3 号竖井为既有竖井,基坑开挖对其产 生影响
5 基坑护坡桩施 护坡桩施工,使其对周围土体产生影响
6 后注浆区斜拉锚索 施工 在后注浆区按施工方案设置斜拉锚索
7 基坑第 1 次开挖 基坑开挖至-2 m
8 基坑第 1 次支护 第 1 次打入锚索,设置腰梁、对拉锚杆
$\vdots$ $\vdots$ $\vdots$
29 基坑第 12 次开挖 基坑开挖至-24 m
30 基坑第 12 次支护 第 12 次打入锚索,设置腰梁、对拉锚杆
), ArticleFig(id=1153991664516457427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003744850184, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=基坑施工阶段详情, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 工况 简述(标高均为建筑标高)
1 初始应力场计算 整个分析模型内只有土体
2 注浆区施工 先进行注浆区施工,使其对土体产生影响
3 既有 2 号竖井模拟 2 号竖井为既有竖井,基坑开挖对其产 生影响
4 既有 3 号竖井模拟 3 号竖井为既有竖井,基坑开挖对其产 生影响
5 基坑护坡桩施 护坡桩施工,使其对周围土体产生影响
6 后注浆区斜拉锚索 施工 在后注浆区按施工方案设置斜拉锚索
7 基坑第 1 次开挖 基坑开挖至-2 m
8 基坑第 1 次支护 第 1 次打入锚索,设置腰梁、对拉锚杆
$\vdots$ $\vdots$ $\vdots$
29 基坑第 12 次开挖 基坑开挖至-24 m
30 基坑第 12 次支护 第 12 次打入锚索,设置腰梁、对拉锚杆
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近接基坑开挖影响下既有地铁附属结构联合支护体系优化分析
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陶畅 1 , 彭丽云 1 , 刘兵科 2 , 陈涵宇 1
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(6): 106-108
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(6): 106-108
近接基坑开挖影响下既有地铁附属结构联合支护体系优化分析
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陶畅1 , 彭丽云1 , 刘兵科2, 陈涵宇1
作者信息
  • 1 北京建筑大学 土木与交通工程学院 北京 100044
  • 2 北京建工土木工程有限公司 北京 100015
  • 陶畅,男,硕士研究生,主要从事城市轨道交通土建设计、监测、安全防护等研究,

通讯作者:

彭丽云,女,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为特殊土力学、城市轨道交通运输工程,
Optimization of Combined Support Systems for Existing Subway Ancillary Structures Affected by Adjacent Excavation
Chang TAO1 , Liyun PENG1 , Bingke LIU2, Hanyu CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Civil Engineering and Transportation Beijing University of Architecture Beijing 100044
  • 2 Beijing Construction Civil Engineering Co., Ltd. Beijing 100015
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.015
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针对既有地铁附属结构在临近深基坑一侧,支护结构施作难的问题,提出“护坡桩+对拉锚杆+斜拉锚索”配合注浆联合支护体系。采用 Midas 软件建模,从对拉锚杆间距与直径、斜拉锚索锚固段长度与道数4个方面设计单因素优化方案,并通过工程实例验证方案的合理性。研究结果表明:桩顶最大水平位移随对拉锚杆间距的减小而减小,随对拉锚杆直径、斜拉锚索锚固段长度与道数的减小而增大;护坡桩桩顶水平、竖向位移的模拟结果与监测结果趋势吻合,竖向位移呈抛物线型,水平位移呈弓型;基坑在施工过程中,地铁附属结构的变形控制较好,远低于近接深基坑桩顶位移;基坑顶部沉降位移呈波动上升趋势,深层水平位移在不同开挖阶段的变形趋势均为中间大两端小,且随着开挖深度的增加,地铁附属结构的最大水平变形位置沿井壁逐渐向下移动。

城市轨道交通  /  联合支护体系  /  地铁附属结构  /  支护优化  /  数值计算

This paper proposes a combined support system comprising retaining piles, tensioned anchor rods, and inclined anchor cables with grouting to solve the problems associated with constructing supporting structures for deep excavations near obstacles on one side. The study utilized Midas software for modeling, and singlefactor optimization analysis schemes were designed considering four aspects: spacing and diameter of tensioned anchor rods and number and length of segments for inclined tensioned anchor cables. The rationality of this scheme was validated using engineering examples. The results showed a match between the simulated trends of the horizontal and vertical displacements of the slopeprotection pile tops and the monitoring results. The vertical displacement exhibited a parabolic trend, and the horizontal displacement exhibited an arched shape. The maximum horizontal displacement of the pile tops decreased as the spacing of the tensioned anchor rods decreased and increased as their diameters and the number and length of segments of inclined tensioned anchor cables decreased. During construction, the deformation of subway ancillary structures was wellcontrolled and significantly less than that of the adjacent deep excavation. The top settlement showed a fluctuating upward trend, whereas the deep horizontal displacement had a middlehigh and endlow pattern at different excavation stages. As the excavation depth increased, the subway structures' maximum horizontal deformation shifted downward along the shaft wall.

urban rail transit  /  combined support system  /  subway ancillary structures  /  support optimization  /  numerical calculation
陶畅, 彭丽云, 刘兵科, 陈涵宇. 近接基坑开挖影响下既有地铁附属结构联合支护体系优化分析. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (6) : 106 -108 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.015
Chang TAO, Liyun PENG, Bingke LIU, Hanyu CHEN. Optimization of Combined Support Systems for Existing Subway Ancillary Structures Affected by Adjacent Excavation[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (6) : 106 -108 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.015
城市化进程的加快促使地下空间建设飞速发展, 接踵而来的近接工程也愈来愈多, 其中不乏地铁车站附属结构周边有深基坑开挖工程存在的情形。这种情况下临近深基坑一侧, 支护结构难以施作致使地铁附属结构存在风险;同时基坑开挖中又要确保自身的安全, 这将对支护结构提出更高的要求。若支护结构设计不合理, 势必造成严重事故。
目前在近接基坑工程中,既有构筑物的加固形式, 如临近住宅楼深基坑工程中的 “桩+撑” 支护 [ 1 - 3 ] ,临近桥桩基坑工程中的 “地连墙+内支撑” 支护 [ 4 - 6 ] ,取得了较好的支护效果, 然而存在造价高、内支撑设置限制施工空间、影响工程进度等不足。更经济的形式, 如加设预应力锚杆、土钉墙联合支护, 可有效控制基坑侧壁水平位移和临近构筑物的竖向沉降, 然而锚杆、 土钉数量多,施工周期长 [ 7 - 9 ] 。更新型的形式,如 “桩 (墙)+撑+锚”联合支护,其加固强度高、变形控制效果好, 然而同样存在费用高、施工场地空间受限等不足 [ 10 - 11 ] ; 新型的框架预应力锚杆微型钢管桩联合支护体系尽管考虑了结构间牵连效应的影响, 又解决了临近深基坑施工空间狭窄、扰动性大的问题, 然而受地下水影响注浆效果差,结构安全性降低 [ 12 ] 。此外,“双排桩+预应力锚索” 联合支护体系, 实现了在有限支护空间内合理控制基坑水平位移, 确保了既有构筑物安全, 然而由于双排桩的设置, 使成本大大增加 [ 13 ]
综上所述, 在近接基坑的既有构筑物加固工程中, 针对具体的工程情况要采取不同的支护措施, 现有研究已取得丰硕成果, 且多是针对桩、撑支护体系, 或在此基础上进行改进, 存在成本较高、施工空间受限等不足。本文依托近接深基坑的地铁工人体育场车站附属结构支护工程进行研究, 提出了 “护坡桩+对拉锚杆+斜拉锚索”配合注浆联合支护体系。通过该支护体系中的护坡桩进行基坑围护, 打设对拉锚杆将基坑护坡桩上的土压力传递至地铁附属结构(两竖井壁); 再设置斜拉锚索将作用至地铁附属结构的土压力传递至深层注浆土体上, 并借助地铁车站附属结构进行传力。该方法取得了较好的经济效益且不影响坑内施工, 同时也具有工程示范意义, 相关研究结果可以为类似近接深基坑的地铁加固工程提供指导。
本文以近接深基坑的地铁工人体育场车站附属结构支护工程为例, 进行支护结构优化分析研究。工人体育场站为 M3、M17 线的换乘车站, 两线车站同期设计、 施工。M3 线车站位于工人体育场北路与新东路交叉口, 沿工人体育场北路东西向偏路口西侧布置, M17 线车站跨工人体育场路口, 沿工人体育场东路南北向设置。其中地铁附属结构 2、3 号竖井作为两车站施工竖井, 其尺寸分别为 ${10.3}\mathrm{\;m}\times {8.1}\mathrm{\;m}\times {39.4}\mathrm{\;m}\text{、}{17.15}\mathrm{\;m}\times {5.6}\mathrm{\;m}\times$ ${39.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。近接基坑长 ${140}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、宽 ${95}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、深 ${24}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,规模较大,深度较深。距两竖井边缘距离分别为 ${3.5}\mathrm{\;m}$${6.8}\mathrm{\;m}$
由于基坑开挖前作为地铁附属结构的 2、3 号竖井已经存在,需要对接驳区内竖井进行加固,因此拟对该段基坑采用 “护坡桩+对拉锚杆+斜拉锚索” 配合注浆的联合支护体系。基坑与地铁附属结构支护体系平面如 图 1 所示。深基坑拟定支护措施为桩锚支护, 根据基坑支护设计软件计算得到护坡桩桩长 ${27}\sim {37}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、桩径 $1\mathrm{\;m}$ 、间距 ${1.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,混凝土强度等级 C25;桩间设置腰梁, 采取一桩一锚布置 12 排预应力锚杆, 锚杆长 ${25}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,孔径 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,倾角 ${15}^{\circ }$
地铁接驳区域内的基坑, 由于锚杆长度受限, 桩锚支护无法应用, 故拟采用在护坡桩与竖井南侧壁间设置对拉锚杆并配合注浆(前注浆区),在竖井北侧壁后土体内布设斜拉锚索并配合注浆(后注浆区);共同形成 “护坡桩+对拉锚杆+斜拉锚索” 配合注浆的联合支护体系。 图 2 给出了 2 号竖井处支护布置剖面示意。 其中除竖井内部的角撑、对撑外, 其余支护结构如斜拉锚索、对拉锚杆以及注浆区均为后来加固设置的。 本文将重点对这部分联合支护体系进行优化分析以提供合理的设计参数。
根据场地地质资料并经现场勘查, 施场地地层从上到下依次为杂填土、黏质粉土-砂质粉土、细砂- 中砂、圆砾-卵石、粉质黏土、中砂、卵石、黏质粉土、 细砂。新建基坑施工深度范围内的地下水为潜水,水位埋深在 ${15.70}\sim {16.20}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,由于施工中采用高压旋喷桩在桩间形成止水帷幕, 且控水效果较好, 因此计算中均不考虑地下水的影响。
根据护坡桩和竖井侧壁之间距离,确定得到 2 号、 3 号竖井处的对拉锚杆长度分别为 ${3.5}\mathrm{\;m}$${6.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,已应用基坑支护结构设计软件计算得到斜拉锚索长度为 ${25}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、倾角按通常做法取 ${15}^{\circ }$ 。在此基础上,以桩顶水平位移作为支护结构设计优化依据, 对对拉锚杆间距 $s$ 、对拉锚杆直径 $r$ 、斜拉锚索锚固段长度 $l$ 和斜拉锚索道数 $n,4$ 个参数进行单因素优化分析。具体方案如 表 1 所示。
假定土层均匀、水平、层状分布; 土体为理想弹塑性材料; 支护结构为各向同性的线弹性体材料。土体和注浆体均采用修正摩尔-库伦本构模型, 注浆体弹性模量取 ${50}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 。其中土体参数如 表 2 所示, $H$ 为土层厚度, ${E}_{\mathrm{u}}$ 为弹性模量, $\mu$ 为泊松比, $\gamma$ 为天然重度, $c$ 为黏聚力, $\varphi$ 为内摩擦角。各支护结构类型、属性及参数如 表 3 所示。考虑到护坡桩以水平受力为主,且桩顶设有冠梁、桩身设有圈梁, 整体性较好, 因此在模拟时可将其等效为 ${0.63}\mathrm{\;m}$ 厚的地连墙 [ 14 - 15 ] ,等效地连墙的计算式为
$\frac{1}{12}\left({D + t}\right){h}^{3}= \frac{1}{64}\pi {D}^{4}$
式中, $h$ 为等效板单元厚度, $\mathrm{m};t$ 为桩间净距, $\mathrm{m}$ ; $D$ 为桩径, $\mathrm{m}$
根据工程概况和 表 1 中的优化方案, 采用 Midas GTS 软件先按照其中一组参数进行建模, 如 图 3 所示。 地连墙与土体的接触采用界面单元模拟。一般对基坑工程来说,其开挖影响范围为距离基坑周边 3~5 倍的开挖深度 [ 16 ] 。针对本文的计算模型,其长度、宽度方向分别扩大了约 3 倍基坑开挖深度, 故取模型尺寸为 ${200}\mathrm{\;m}\left({x\text{方向}}\right)\times {170}\mathrm{\;m}\left({y\text{方向}}\right)\times {45}\mathrm{\;m}(z$ 方向)。模型单元按由内到外的顺序进行划分, 其中对拉锚杆、斜拉锚索按 $2\mathrm{\;m}$ 划分网格,其余支护结构和土层按 $5\mathrm{\;m}$ 划分网格。模型底面设置固定约束, 周围设置法向约束, 顶面为自由面。其他建模在该模型基础上通过调整参数得到。
根据施工工序进行开挖与支护过程模拟, 共分为 30 个工况, 如 表 4 所示。 表 4 为一种优化参数下的模拟, 其他参数下的模拟相应进行调整, 本文按照 表 1 优化方案共进行了 23 组建模计算。
根据上述 23 组建模计算结果, 对近接既有地铁附属结构接驳区域内的支护进行分析,并参照国家标准 《建筑基坑工程监测技术标准》(GB 50497- 2019 ) , 以基坑桩顶最大水平位移报警值 为依据,得出最佳方案。
根据 表 1 第 2 列中的优化方案, 计算得到各开挖深度下对拉锚杆间距与桩顶最大水平位移曲线如 图 4 所示。
图 4 可知: 相同对拉锚杆间距、不同开挖深度下,桩顶最大水平位移随开挖深度的增加而增大,尤其是在开挖至 ${18}\mathrm{\;m}$${24}\mathrm{\;m}$ 区间,增幅最大; 当开挖深度小于 ${24}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,随着对拉锚杆间距的增加,桩顶最大水平位移略有增加但增幅不大; 当开挖至 ${24}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,对拉锚杆间距为 ${1.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,桩顶最大水平位移接近工程中给出的报警值 ${36}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ;此后,随着锚杆间距的增大, 桩顶位移增幅较大。综上, 对拉锚杆间距初步选取 ${1.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,此时的桩顶最大水平位移接近报警值,但该数据来源于所有桩中位移最大的桩, 其余桩的桩顶水平位移均小于该值,故选取合理。
根据 表 1 第 3 列中的优化方案, 计算得到各开挖深度下对拉锚杆直径与桩顶最大水平位移曲线, 如 图 5 所示。
图 5 可知: 当基坑开挖深度为 $6\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,对拉锚杆直径与桩顶最大水平位移关系曲线接近水平, 说明此时对拉锚杆直径对基坑水平变形影响不显著; 当开挖深度大于 $6\mathrm{\;m}$ 后,相同开挖深度下,桩顶水平位移随对拉锚杆直径的增加呈下降趋势, 此时拉杆直径对控制基坑变形的作用逐渐显著; 不同开挖深度下, 相同对拉锚杆直径下桩顶水平位移的增幅不同, 在开挖深度从 ${18}\mathrm{\;m}$${24}\mathrm{\;m}$ 这个过程中增幅最大,且当开挖深度 ${24}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、拉杆直径为 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时,最大水平位移略超报警值, 但该值为所有桩中位移最大值, 其余桩最大水平位移均小于报警值。故选取 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 作为对拉锚杆直径。
根据 表 1 第 4 列中的优化方案, 计算得到斜拉锚索锚固段长度与桩顶最大水平位移关系曲线, 如 图 6 所示。
图 6 可知: 各开挖深度下, 桩顶最大水平位移随锚索锚固段长度的增加而降低, 其中当基坑开挖至 ${24}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,锚固段长度对基坑水平变形的影响最为明显; 开挖深度 ${24}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、锚固段长度 $8\mathrm{\;m}$ 的工况下,桩顶最大水平位移接近于报警值。由于锚固段注浆体与周边岩土体的摩擦力决定锚固效果, 考虑到现场的注浆效果, 故锚固段长度按保守取值,按计算数值 $8\mathrm{\;m}$ 增加 $2\mathrm{\;m}$ 后取 ${10}\mathrm{\;m}$
根据 表 1 第 5 列中的优化方案, 计算得到斜拉锚索道数与桩顶最大水平位移关系曲线, 如 图 7 所示。
图 7 可知: 相同开挖深度下, 桩顶最大水平位移随斜拉锚索道数增加而降低,初期降幅较快,如 $0 \sim$ 4 道、 $6 \sim {10}$ 道时降幅减缓, ${12}\sim {14}$ 道时降幅趋于平缓,其中开挖 ${24}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、道数为 0 时桩顶最大水平位移高达 ${42.22}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,超报警值 ${6.22}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,说明仅靠 “护坡桩+ 对拉锚杆”并配合注浆的支护体系难以保证工程的安全,故必须配合斜拉锚索。就具体斜拉锚索的道数而言, 12 道时位移回落到报警值以下, 且斜拉锚索作用取决于施工质量和与周围锚固体的锚固作用, 理论计算与现场施工还有一定误差。故斜拉锚索道数需保守取值, 拟采用 12 道。
综合上述优化结果,建议对拉锚杆间距采用 ${1.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 直径采用 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ;斜拉锚索锚固段长度采用 ${10}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,道数为 12 道。实际工程中也按照此方案进行了施工。
对地体接驳区进行现场监测, 监测点布置如 图 8 所示,在护坡桩冠梁上每间距 ${20}\mathrm{\;m}$ 设置一组桩顶水平和竖向位移监测点,共 10 组。以北侧桩连线为 $x$ 轴,以基坑中心线为 $y$ 轴。向东为正,向西为负,将监测点与基坑中线的距离与具体坐标一一对应。
基坑支护各阶段开挖完成后, 提取上述监测点的桩顶水平位移监测值和模拟值, 绘制护坡桩桩顶水平位移模拟值与监测值对比曲线, 如 图 9 所示, 桩顶水平位移曲线整体上呈 “弓” 字形分布, 在基坑两角端、 竖井对应位置处的位移较小, 其余地方相对较大, 最大位移发生在距基坑中心线左侧 ${50}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处; 两角端由于侧边冠梁与水平侧冠梁共同约束, 其水平位移较小; 竖井对应位置处由于注浆区的设置, 故在基坑中心线右侧水平位移减小; 随着基坑开挖深度的增加, 桩顶水平位移呈现增大趋势, 但整体上来说, 最大值小于报警值 ${36}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,说明联合支护体系优化方案合理; 此外, 监测值和模拟值两者尽管在数值上有一定差异, 但误差最大仅为 29.8%,且变化趋势吻合,说明选取的支护结构参数有效。
绘制护坡桩桩顶竖向位移模拟值与监测值对比曲线如 图 10 所示, 相同开挖深度下, 桩顶竖向位移曲线近似呈抛物线分布, 即由基坑两端向中间逐渐增大, 但在开挖深度小于 ${18}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时变化幅度不大,趋势较平缓,达到 ${24}\mathrm{\;m}$ 后变化较大; 距基坑中心线相同距离时, 随着开挖深度的增加, 桩顶水平位移增大, 但整体上来说,最大值小于桩顶竖向位移报警值 ${28}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ; 此外,监测值和模拟值最大误差为 23.4%, 也仅为少数几个点, 说明该数值模型真实有效, 参数基本正确, 也说明优化方案合理有效, 在工程中得到了合理应用。
选取 2 号竖井 4 个方向测点 S2-1、S2-2、S2-3 和 S2-4 的沉降位移实测数据进行分析, 如 图 11 所示。
图 11 可知: 在基坑各阶段施工过程中, 竖井顶部沉降位移变化呈波动上升趋势。主要原因是基坑土体开挖卸载, 坑底土体向上隆起而导致临近竖井随之上浮, 竖井南北两侧注浆控制其上浮阈值, 基坑先挖再打设对拉锚杆导致沉降位移波动上升, 其中竖井顶部最大沉降位移发生在测点 S2-3 处 (即远离车站一侧位置),值为 ${3.92}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,远远小于近接深基坑桩顶竖向位移, 说明该联合支护结构通过注浆加固土体, 打设锚索锚杆传递土压力的支护措施能有效控制既有地铁附属结构的竖向变形。
为进一步体现近接深基坑开挖下, 该联合支护体系对既有地铁附属结构水平变形的控制效果, 选取两竖井靠深基坑侧两个测点 CX-1、CX-2 的各开挖阶段竖井井壁深层水平位移监测数据进行分析, 如 图 12 所示。 各测点竖井井壁在不同开挖阶段的变形趋势均为中间大两端小;随着开挖深度的增加,竖井井壁的最大水平变形位置沿井壁逐渐向下移动;开挖深度小于 ${18}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,竖井井壁位移变化平稳,开挖深度大于 ${18}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时, 井壁深层水平位移呈波动变化, 最大水平变形发生在测点 CX-1 处,为 ${15.8}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,但远低于近接深基坑桩顶水平位移。产生这种现象的主要原因是: 对拉锚杆与斜拉锚索将护坡桩上的土压力传递至竖井后方深层土体, 而竖井仅作为土压力传递载体; 加之对竖井周边土体进行注浆, 形成了较大的刚度, 故近接基坑开挖引起地铁附属结构的扰动远小于地层的扰动。
综上, 施工过程中竖井井壁最大深层水平位移为 ,竖井顶部沉降最大值为 ,均小于变形控制要求, 满足 《城市轨道交通工程监测技术规范》(GB 50911-2013) 允许变形值控制要求。基坑在施工过程中, 地铁附属结构的变形控制较好, 确保了既有地铁车站及其附属结构的安全。在地铁运营之后, 两竖井将作为车站风亭, 为确保其在使用中的安全, 将对两竖井进行全程监测。
本文以实际工程为背景, 采用数值模拟与现场监测相结合的方法, 分析了 “护坡桩+对拉锚杆+斜拉锚索配合注浆”联合支护体系对基坑变形的影响规律和对既有地铁附属结构的加固效果, 并对该体系进行优化, 得出如下结论:
1) 护坡桩桩顶水平位移最大值为 ${33.23}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,桩顶水平位移最大值为 ${24.24}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,均小于规定的报警值; 竖井顶部最大沉降值为 ${3.92}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,深层水平位移最大值为 ${15.8}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,远低于近接基坑桩顶竖向与水平位移; 说明 “护坡桩+对拉锚杆+斜拉锚索” 配合注浆联合支护体系在解决临近深基坑一侧、既有地铁附属结构支护难以施作的加固工程中是切实可行的, 其控制基坑变形效果好, 可同时确保既有地铁附属结构的安全。
2) 通过优化分析得到本工程中的联合支护体系方案为:对拉锚杆间距 ${1.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、直径 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ;斜拉锚索长度 ${25}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、倾角 ${15}^{\circ }$ 、直径 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 、锚固段长度 ${10}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,道数 12 道。将该方案应用于实际工程后,监测数据与模拟数据趋势基本一致。
3) 联合支护体系中通过注浆加固地铁附属结构周边土体, 对拉锚杆与斜拉锚索将护坡桩上的土压力传递至地铁附属结构后方深层土体的支护措施起到了良好的实际加固效果, 为类似近接基坑及既有地铁附属结构加固工程提供参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42172299)
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Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. Code for monitoring measurement of urban rail transit engineering: GB 50911-2013[S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2014.
2024年第37卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.015
  • 接收时间:2024-04-30
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-30
  • 修回日期:2024-08-15
基金
国家自然科学基金(42172299)
作者信息
    1 北京建筑大学 土木与交通工程学院 北京 100044
    2 北京建工土木工程有限公司 北京 100015

通讯作者:

彭丽云,女,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为特殊土力学、城市轨道交通运输工程,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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