Article(id=1149729540450206617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715097600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-08, revisedDate=1732464000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752046483385, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748707200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752046483385, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752046483385, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752046483385, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149729526025994706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2025', volume='38', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='161', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752046479946, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780086246, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000797948039291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000797948039292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=131, endPage=137, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149729540789945253, articleId=1149729540450206617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Research on the Grounding System of Dual-system Trains, columnId=1152669334582243706, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Unreasonable grounding system can cause problems such as increased train axle potential and circular current, as well as bearing erosion, deteriorating the electromagnetic environment of onboard electronic equipment, and thus pose a threat to the safety of train operation. Therefore, it is necessary to design the train grounding system appropriately. First, uniform chain circuit model is used to model the traction power supply system and dual current train grounding system. Secondly, through traction and power supply calculations, the train current can be obtained. Taking train current as the excitation source, the distribution of train axle voltage and circular current can be obtained. Take the currents of grounding resistors as a measure of the vehicle circular current distribution. Finally, PSO algorithm is used to optimize the train grounding system. After the optimization, the maximum circular current decreases by about 20%, and the maximum vehicle axle voltage declines slightly. The optimization of the train grounding system in this article presents a guide for the design of the grounding system for dualsystem trains, as well as provides a reference for other trains.

, correspAuthors=Xuefei LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xuefei LI, Wenbin SUN, Jun DAI, Wei LIU, Mingze LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149729564139634886, articleId=1149729540450206617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=双流制列车接地系统研究, columnId=1152669334955536763, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=机电工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

不合理的列车接地系统会造成车体电流增大、车体电位抬升和轴承电蚀等问题,恶化车载弱电设备的电磁环境,进而影响列车的行车安全,故需对列车接地系统进行合理设计。利用链式电路模型对牵引供电系统、双流制列车进行建模,经过牵引计算和供电计算获得列车的取流;再将列车取流作为激励源对列车接地系统进行分析,可获得列车车体轴端电位、车体电流分布。将保护电阻电流视作车体电流分布的衡量指标。利用PSO优化算法对列车接地系统进行优化,优化后的保护电阻电流降低约20%,车体轴端电位有所下降但不明显。本文列车接地系统的优化既可用于指导双流制列车接地系统的设计,也可为其他列车提供借鉴。

, correspAuthors=李雪飞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=xAEJC7kmQ1WJvhAsn6UmNQ==, magXml=Tqrkon8QRuu+4Em3+meh4Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Jm6xOA/1zoDvH3PdSifOJA==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=FrGxFfYLfi5KRcLU02nUqg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李雪飞,女,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事城际和市域轨道交通车辆研制工作,

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李雪飞,女,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事城际和市域轨道交通车辆研制工作,

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李雪飞,女,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事城际和市域轨道交通车辆研制工作,

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区段 IG UG
优化前/A 优化后/A 降低/% 优化前/V 优化后/V 降低/%
直流 48.762 37.329 23.4 2.652 2.641 0.4
交流 9.857 8.145 17.3 0.582 0.575 1.2
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区段 IG UG
优化前/A 优化后/A 降低/% 优化前/V 优化后/V 降低/%
直流 48.762 37.329 23.4 2.652 2.641 0.4
交流 9.857 8.145 17.3 0.582 0.575 1.2
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序号 接地电阻/mΩ 序号 接地电阻/mΩ
${x11}$ 69 ${x12}$ 75
${x21}$ 45 ${x22}$ 48
${x31}$ 78 ${x32}$ 73
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序号 接地电阻/mΩ 序号 接地电阻/mΩ
${x11}$ 69 ${x12}$ 75
${x21}$ 45 ${x22}$ 48
${x31}$ 78 ${x32}$ 73
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双流制列车接地系统研究
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李雪飞 1 , 孙文斌 1 , 代骏 2 , 刘炜 2 , 李明泽 3
都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2025,38(3): 131-137
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都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2025, 38(3): 131-137
双流制列车接地系统研究
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李雪飞1 , 孙文斌1, 代骏2, 刘炜2, 李明泽3
作者信息
  • 1 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 长春 130062
  • 2 西南交通大学 电气工程学院 成都 611730
  • 3 四川轻化工大学 自动化与信息工程学院 宜宾 644000
  • 李雪飞,女,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事城际和市域轨道交通车辆研制工作,

Research on the Grounding System of Dual-system Trains
Xuefei LI1 , Wenbin SUN1, Jun DAI2, Wei LIU2, Mingze LI3
Affiliations
  • 1 CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd. Changchun 130062
  • 2 School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 611730
  • 3 School of Automation and Information Engineering Sichuan University of Science & Engineering Yibin 644000
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.018
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不合理的列车接地系统会造成车体电流增大、车体电位抬升和轴承电蚀等问题,恶化车载弱电设备的电磁环境,进而影响列车的行车安全,故需对列车接地系统进行合理设计。利用链式电路模型对牵引供电系统、双流制列车进行建模,经过牵引计算和供电计算获得列车的取流;再将列车取流作为激励源对列车接地系统进行分析,可获得列车车体轴端电位、车体电流分布。将保护电阻电流视作车体电流分布的衡量指标。利用PSO优化算法对列车接地系统进行优化,优化后的保护电阻电流降低约20%,车体轴端电位有所下降但不明显。本文列车接地系统的优化既可用于指导双流制列车接地系统的设计,也可为其他列车提供借鉴。

轨道交通  /  双流制列车  /  接地系统  /  轴端电位  /  车体电流  /  优化算法

Unreasonable grounding system can cause problems such as increased train axle potential and circular current, as well as bearing erosion, deteriorating the electromagnetic environment of onboard electronic equipment, and thus pose a threat to the safety of train operation. Therefore, it is necessary to design the train grounding system appropriately. First, uniform chain circuit model is used to model the traction power supply system and dual current train grounding system. Secondly, through traction and power supply calculations, the train current can be obtained. Taking train current as the excitation source, the distribution of train axle voltage and circular current can be obtained. Take the currents of grounding resistors as a measure of the vehicle circular current distribution. Finally, PSO algorithm is used to optimize the train grounding system. After the optimization, the maximum circular current decreases by about 20%, and the maximum vehicle axle voltage declines slightly. The optimization of the train grounding system in this article presents a guide for the design of the grounding system for dualsystem trains, as well as provides a reference for other trains.

rail transit  /  dual-system train  /  grounding system  /  axle potential  /  circular current  /  particle swarm optimization (PSO)
李雪飞, 孙文斌, 代骏, 刘炜, 李明泽. 双流制列车接地系统研究. 都市快轨交通, 2025 , 38 (3) : 131 -137 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.018
Xuefei LI, Wenbin SUN, Jun DAI, Wei LIU, Mingze LI. Research on the Grounding System of Dual-system Trains[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2025 , 38 (3) : 131 -137 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.018
截至 2023 年底,我国城市轨道交通线路达 1.123 万km。轨道交通具有运量大、能耗低、污染小等特点, 大力发展轨道交通是实现双碳目标的重要手段。
列车在运行过程中必须保证乘客的人身安全和车载设备的运行安全。列车接地系统设置不合理可引起控制系统逻辑紊乱、电路绝缘击穿和电子元器件烧毁、 轴承电蚀等问题 [1 - 2] 。因此,对于列车接地系统的设计和优化的研究有重要意义。
目前, 关于列车接地系统的研究文献较多。文献[ 3 ] 构建了包含列车接地系统、牵引网的 “车-轨-网” 等效电路模型, 基于实测参数分析了列车接地系统对车轨环流及车体过电压分布的影响规律。文献[ 4 ]研究了列车车体在保护电阻接地、直接接地方式下的车体电流、 电位分布, 并提出了接地回流的优化方案。文献[ 5 ]搭建了列车的车-网模型, 并结合实验数据分析了列车接地电阻电流的变化规律, 最后提出了接地电阻的优化方案。文献[ 6 ]论述了集中保护接地与分散保护接地对接地回流的影响, 建立了分散保护接地方式的整车接地回流模型, 研究了保护接地回流的分配规律。文献[ 7 ] 建立了列车接地系统的仿真模型, 分析了多种不同接地方式的优劣, 并利用 PSO 优化算法对接地阻抗进行了优化设计。文献[ 8 ]搭建了列车接地回流的动态过程模型, 研究了列车在供电区段内运行时接地回流的变化规律, 解析了列车各轴接地电流的动态变化。文献[ 9 ] 利用 PSO 优化算法, 针对车体电流分布、过电压问题进行了优化, 求解了列车接地电阻取值的多目标优化问题。以上研究仅针对单一供电制式的列车。
双制式列车可在交、直流区段贯通运行, 可缩短乘客换乘时间。目前, 重庆江跳线在国内首次采用双流制列车, 并已开通运行。双流制列车的接地回流系统需要同时满足直流、交流区段的接地需求。文献[ 10 ] 提出了一种双流制列车的接地系统设计方案, 但并未给出保护接地电阻的取值。文献[ 11 ]针对某型双流制列车, 构建了列车接地系统的链式电路模型, 提出了车-地一体化的交、直流区段联合牵引供电计算方法, 并讨论了 2 种列车接地系统配置方案的优劣, 但未对列车的接地方案进行优化。江跳线曾发生数次电子式电压互感器重启情况, 影响列车的安全运行。
为此, 本文建立了牵引供电系统和车-地系统的联合数学模型, 并针对双流制列车接地系统进行优化。
双流制列车可在交、直流区段贯通运行, 双流制牵引供电系统如图1所示。我国的交流区段一般采用 AC ${27.5}\mathrm{{kV}}$ 供电方式,直流区段采用 DC ${1500}\mathrm{\;V}$ 供电方式。交流、直流区段之间应设置交-直转换段进行隔离。在交-直转换段处, 接触网设有无电区, 钢轨设有绝缘节。
重庆江跳线的双流制列车为 6 辆编组,牵引传动、 接地系统均首尾对称,由于 $1 \sim 3$ 辆车与 $4 \sim 6$ 辆车布置相同,故仅展示 1~3 辆车的情况,如图2所示,直流环节的工作接地与保护接地共用同一接地汇流排, 变压器工作接地独设专用汇流排。
为实现双流制列车的接地系统优化, 需对列车接地系统、牵引网进行建模。
牵引网和列车接地系统均可使用链式电路模型进行建模 [11 - 13] 。由于列车切面划分较细,不宜和牵引网统一划分切面, 故可先建立牵引网的链式电路模型, 求解后获得列车处牵引网电压和列车取流; 再将列车电流作为激励源, 建立列车接地系统的链式电路模型, 求解列车接地系统的电流、电压分布。
归算至牵引变电所二次侧的外部电源阻抗矩阵 ${\mathbf{Z}}_{\mathrm{S}{\alpha \beta }}$ 可由式(1)计算 [14]
$ {\mathbf{Z}}_{\mathrm{S}{\alpha \beta }} = \mathbf{N}{\mathbf{Z}}_{\mathrm{{SABC}}}\mathbf{M} $
式中, $\mathbf{M}$$\mathbf{N}$ 分别为变压器电流、电压变换矩阵; ${\mathbf{Z}}_{\mathrm{{SABC}}} = \operatorname{diag}\left( {{\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{S}},{\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{S}},{\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{S}}}\right)$ 外部电源三相阻抗矩阵, ${Z}_{\mathrm{S}} = j{U}_{\mathrm{N}}^{2}/{S}_{\mathrm{C}};{U}_{\mathrm{N}}$ 为外部电源额定线电压, $\mathrm{{kV}};{S}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 为牵引变电所高压母线的短路容量, MVA。
牵引变压器一般采用 $\mathrm{{Vv}}$ 接线,其漏阻抗矩阵 ${\mathbf{Z}}_{\mathrm{T}{\alpha \beta }}$ 可由式(2)求得。
$ {\mathbf{Z}}_{\mathrm{T}{\alpha \beta }} = \operatorname{diag}\left( {{R}_{\mathrm{T}\alpha } + j{X}_{\mathrm{T}\alpha },{R}_{\mathrm{T}\beta } + j{X}_{\mathrm{T}\beta }}\right) $
式中, ${R}_{\mathrm{T}i}$${X}_{\mathrm{T}i}\left( {i = \alpha ,\beta }\right)$ 分别为归算至牵引变压器次边的变压器绕组电阻和漏抗, $\Omega$
从牵引母线向系统看的等效阻抗为:
$ {\mathbf{Z}}_{\alpha \beta } = {\mathbf{Z}}_{\mathrm{S}{\alpha \beta }} + {\mathbf{Z}}_{\mathrm{T}{\alpha \beta }} $
则交流牵引变电所诺顿等效电路为:
$ {\mathbf{I}}_{\alpha \beta } = {\mathbf{I}}_{S\alpha \beta } - {\mathbf{Z}}_{\alpha \beta }^{-1}{\mathbf{U}}_{\alpha \beta } $
式中, ${\mathbf{I}}_{\mathrm{S}{\alpha \beta }} = {\mathbf{Z}}_{\alpha \beta }^{-1}{\mathbf{E}}_{\alpha \beta }$ 为诺顿等值电力电流源; ${\mathbf{E}}_{\alpha \beta } =$ ${\left( {\dot{E}}_{\mathrm{a}},{\dot{E}}_{\beta }\right) }^{\mathrm{T}} = N{E}_{\mathrm{{ABC}}}$ 为归算至牵引变压器二次侧的电源电动势; ${\mathbf{U}}_{\alpha \beta } = {\left\lbrack {\dot{U}}_{\alpha },{\dot{U}}_{\beta }\right\rbrack }^{\mathrm{T}}$ 为变电所牵引母线电压; ${\mathbf{I}}_{\alpha \beta } = {\left\lbrack {\dot{I}}_{\alpha },{\dot{I}}_{\beta }\right\rbrack }^{\mathrm{T}}$ 为从牵引变压器流向牵引母线的电流向量。
根据牵引变电所、列车和横连线等元件的位置, 将牵引网划分为 $n$ 个切面,然后对各串联元件和并联元件进行建模, 并形成牵引网的节点导纳矩阵。
牵引网单位阻抗矩阵 $\mathbf{Z}$ 和导纳矩阵 $\mathbf{Y}$ ,路基段可由 Carson 公式、镜像法得到 [12]
$ \left\{ \begin{matrix} {\mathbf{Z}}_{L} = \sinh \left( {\sqrt{\mathbf{Z}\mathbf{Y}}l}\right) {\left( \mathbf{Z}\mathbf{Y}\right) }^{-\frac{1}{2}}\mathbf{Z} \\ \frac{{\mathbf{Y}}_{L}}{2} = \mathbf{Y}{\left( \mathbf{Z}\mathbf{Y}\right) }^{-\frac{1}{2}}\tanh \left( {\sqrt{\mathbf{Z}\mathbf{Y}}l/2}\right) \end{matrix}\right. $
式中, $l$ 为两相邻切面间的间距; ${Z}_{L}$${Y}_{L}$ 分别为长度为 $L$ 的牵引网阻抗和导纳矩阵; $\mathbf{Z}$$\mathbf{Y}$ 分别为牵引网单位阻抗矩阵和单位导纳矩阵。
相邻两个切面间的牵引网可使用如图3所示的 $\Pi$ 型等值电路来描述。
直流牵引变电所的诺顿等效电路电流为:
$ {I}_{\mathrm{{dc}}} = {I}_{\mathrm{{Sdc}}} - {U}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}/{R}_{\mathrm{{dc}}} $
式中, ${U}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$${I}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$ 分别为直流牵引母线电压和从整流装置流向牵引母线的电流; ${R}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$${I}_{\mathrm{{Sdc}}}$ 分别为诺顿等值电路的内阻和电流。
直流牵引网采用 “接触网-钢轨-排流网-大地” 模型 [11]
列车接地系统可以分为车体、接地汇流排和钢轨 3 层结构,如图4所示 [11] 。图中, ${Z}_{\text{ctlj }}$${Z}_{\text{ctlj }}$ 分别为列车车间连接线阻抗和列车车体阻抗; ${Z}_{\mathrm{{hlp}}}$ 为汇流排间连接线阻抗; ${R}_{0}$ 为车体与接地汇流排之间的保护电阻; ${Z}_{\mathrm{{jd}}1}$${Z}_{\mathrm{{jd}}2}$ 分别为接地汇流排与轮对之间连接线阻抗; ${Z}_{\mathrm{r}1}$ 为同一转向架轮对间的钢轨阻抗; ${Z}_{\mathrm{r}2}$ 为不同转向架间的钢轨阻抗; ${Z}_{\mathrm{r}3}$ 为不同车厢间的钢轨阻抗。
接地汇流排切面包含 4 个节点, 单个接地汇流排切面的节点导纳子矩阵为:
$ {\mathbf{Y}}_{\mathrm{{cb}}} = \left\lbrack \begin{matrix} {y}_{0} & - {y}_{0} & 0 & 0 \\ - {y}_{0} & {y}_{0} + {y}_{\mathrm{{jd}}2} + {y}_{\mathrm{{jd}}1} & - {y}_{\mathrm{{jd}}1} & - {y}_{\mathrm{{jd}}2} \\ 0 & - {y}_{\mathrm{{jd}}1} & {y}_{\mathrm{{jd}}1} + {y}_{\mathrm{{rl}}1} & - {y}_{\mathrm{{rl}}1} \\ 0 & - {y}_{\mathrm{{jd}}2} & - {y}_{\mathrm{{rl}}1} & {y}_{\mathrm{{jd}}2} + {y}_{\mathrm{{rl}}1} \end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
车体之间连接的导纳子矩阵为:
$ {\mathbf{Y}}_{\mathrm{{lj}}} = \left\lbrack \begin{matrix} {y}_{\text{ctlj }} & 0 & - {y}_{\text{ctlj }} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ - {y}_{\text{ctlj }} & 0 & {y}_{\text{ctlj }} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
其中, ${y}_{0} = 1/{R}_{0};{y}_{\mathrm{{jd}}1} = 1/{Z}_{\mathrm{{jd}}1};{y}_{\mathrm{{jd}}2} = 1/{Z}_{\mathrm{{jd}}2};{y}_{\mathrm{{rl}}1} = 1/{Z}_{\mathrm{{rl}}1}$ ; ${y}_{\mathrm{{ctl}}j} = 1/{Z}_{\mathrm{{ctl}}j}$
${\mathbf{Y}}_{\mathrm{{cb}}}$${\mathbf{Y}}_{\mathrm{{lj}}}$ 可建立整个列车接地系统的节点导纳矩阵。
列车在交流、直流区段的潮流计算流程见文献[ 11 ], 本文不再赘述。
牵引负荷采用功率源模型, 需经迭代才能获得潮流解。
轴端电压大于 ${0.4}\mathrm{\;V}$ 时可产生电火花、击穿润滑油膜, 引起局部金属融化, 产生焦痕, 长期作用引起轴承电蚀 [15 - 16] 。另外,由于列车轴端存在速度传感器, 车体和轴端之间的电压过高可引起速度传感器损坏。可见, 列车车体接地优化问题本质上为多目标优化问题。
图2可见, 车体电流分布可用列车接地电阻衡量。用 ${U}_{\mathrm{G}}$ 表示列车车体轴端电位; 用 ${I}_{\mathrm{G}}$ 表示列车接地电阻电流。由于 ${U}_{\mathrm{G}}$${I}_{\mathrm{G}}$ 单位不同且数值差异较大, ${U}_{\mathrm{G}}$ 一般为几伏,而 ${I}_{\mathrm{G}}$ 可达几十安,因此,本文对二者进行归一化处理, 得单目标优化问题。列车在交流、 直流区段的优化目标函数 ${F}_{k}$ 可表示为:
$ \min {F}_{k} = \left\lbrack {{\omega }_{1}\frac{\max \left( {I}_{G}\right) }{{I}_{b}} + {\omega }_{2}\frac{\max \left( {U}_{G}\right) }{{U}_{b}}}\right\rbrack $
式中, $k = \mathrm{{ac}}$$\mathrm{{dc}}$ 分别表示交流和直流; ${\omega }_{1}$${\omega }_{2}$ 分别为归一化权重,取 $\omega = {0.5};{I}_{\mathrm{b}}$${U}_{\mathrm{b}}$ 分别为车体保护电阻电流和车体轴端电位限值,直流区段取 ${I}_{\mathrm{b}} = {50},{U}_{\mathrm{b}} = 3$ , 交流区段取 ${I}_{\mathrm{b}} = {10},{U}_{\mathrm{b}} = 1$ 。值得注意的是,目前对于 ${\omega }_{1}$${\omega }_{2}$ 的选取是基于 2 个指标同等重要的情况下进行选取的, 而在实际工程中, 可根据 2 个指标的重要程度对权重参数进行适当的改变。
将交流、直流区段的指标相加, 得到最终优化目标函数, 可表示为:
$ F = {F}_{\mathrm{{ac}}} + {F}_{\mathrm{{dc}}} $
式中, $F$ 为直流区段与交流区段总体优化指标; ${F}_{\mathrm{{ac}}}$${F}_{\mathrm{{dc}}}$ 分别为交流区段和直流区段的优化指标,由于列车接地系统首尾对称, 式(9)的优化决策变量为:
$ R = \left( {{R}_{11},{R}_{12},{R}_{21},{R}_{22},{R}_{31},{R}_{32}}\right) $
式中, ${R}_{i, j}$ 表示列车 $i$ 的第 $j$ 个转向架的接地电阻。
对于式(10)所示的优化问题, 本文采用文献[ 17 ] 中的标准粒子群算法 PSO 对式(10)进行优化。优化步骤如图5所示。
某双流制线路全线长 ${51.75}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,如图6所示。其中,直流区段均为地下区段,长 27.76 km,牵引变电所 11 座,车站 22 座, ${1500}\mathrm{\;V}$ 刚性接触网授流、钢轨回流。DC 车站均设有 OVPD,启动电压为 ${120}\mathrm{\;V}$ 。牵引所整流机组空载电压 ${1668}\mathrm{\;V}$ 。牵引所设置有能量回馈 EFS 装置, EFS 的启动电压设置为 ${1750}\mathrm{\;V}$
交流区段均为高架区段,长 ${23.83}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,交流牵引变电所 2 座,车站 5 座。采用 $\mathrm{{AC}}{25}\mathrm{{kV}}$ 柔性接触网授流, 回流线和钢轨回流。交-直转换段位于 S22 与 $\mathrm{S}{23}$ 之间,长 ${160}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。该线路采用 As 型双流制式列车, 无车载制动电阻。
发车间隔和仿真时间均设置为 ${300}\mathrm{\;s}$ ,运行图如图7所示。优化前,列车接地电阻均设置为 ${50}\mathrm{\;m}\Omega$ , 此时列车在交流、直流区段的 ${U}_{\mathrm{G}}$${I}_{\mathrm{G}}$图8所示, 统计结果见表1。交流区段保护接地最大电流为 ${9.857}\mathrm{\;A}$ , 车体-轴端最大电位为 ${0.582}\mathrm{\;V}$ ;直流区段保护接地最大电流为 ${48.762}\mathrm{\;A}$ ,车体-轴端最大电位为 ${2.652}\mathrm{\;V}$
在 PSO 优化算法中,自我学习系数 ${C1} = {0.75}$ ,社会学习系数 ${C2} = 2$ ,惯性权重 $\omega = {0.2}$ ,接地电阻范围 ${x}_{\mathrm{{lim}}} =$ $\left\lbrack {0,{100}}\right\rbrack$ ,粒子数目 ${x}_{\text{num }} = {20}$ ,迭代次数 ${x}_{\mathrm{c}} = {50}$ 。经过 20 次迭代时, 适应度函数值接近最优, 目标函数优化过程曲线如图9所示, 优化结果见表2
表2所示的优化接地阻值下, 列车在交流、直流区段的 ${U}_{\mathrm{G}}$${I}_{\mathrm{G}}$图10所示,统计结果见表1。 可见,直流区段 ${I}_{\mathrm{G}}$ 降低 23.4%,交流区段降低 17.3%; ${U}_{\mathrm{G}}$ 指标减低不明显,这是由于接地电阻增大,造成车体轴端电位会有一定的抬升, 造成了该项指标优化效果不明显的情况。
本文建立了直流、交流牵引网的数学模型, 通过供电计算获得列车取流, 并根据所建立的双流制列车的车-地联合模型,并运用 PSO 优化算法对双流制列车的接地系统进行了优化。得到以下结论:
1)优化后的保护接地电阻电流显著降低, 直流区段的保护接地电流降低了约 23.4%,交流区段的保护接地电流降低了约 17.3%。
2)车体轴端电位下降不明显。这是由于优化过程中接地电阻增大,导致车体轴端电位有一定的抬升。
3)本文建立的牵引供电系统和车-地系统的联合数学模型, 能够有效模拟双流制列车在交、直流区段的电流和电位分布, 为接地系统的优化提供了理论基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52477125)
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2025年第38卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.018
  • 接收时间:2024-05-08
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-08
  • 修回日期:2024-11-25
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52477125)
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    1 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 长春 130062
    2 西南交通大学 电气工程学院 成都 611730
    3 四川轻化工大学 自动化与信息工程学院 宜宾 644000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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