Article(id=1149729536952156888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725984000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-11, revisedDate=1737907200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752046482551, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748707200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752046482551, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752046482551, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752046482551, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149729526025994706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2025', volume='38', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='161', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752046479946, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780086246, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000797948039291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000797948039292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=108, endPage=113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149729537136706277, articleId=1149729536952156888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Key Technologies for Shield Tunnel Protection in Near-Zero Distance Deep Excavation Construction, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To ensure the structural safety of existing shield tunnels during nearzero distance deep excavation and address the challenges of retaining structure construction and ground reinforcement under low clearance conditions, this paper presents a case study of a pump station excavation project in the Yangtze River floodplain area. The protection measures include Metro Jet System (MJS) piles with Hsteel insertion using highfrequency hydraulic resonancefree hammer, and synchronous prereinforcement inside the shield tunnel using longitudinal braces and filament wound profiles. Through comparative analysis of threedimensional numerical simulation and field monitoring data before and after deep excavation, the soil squeezing effect and timespace effect on the tunnel structure were effectively controlled. These findings can provide valuable reference for the design and construction of similar excavation projects.

, correspAuthors=Xintian GU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xintian GU, Hao JIN, Xiaowei SHEN, Kui LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149729559723033416, articleId=1149729536952156888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=近零距离深基坑施工保护盾构隧道关键技术研究, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为保证近零距离深基坑施工过程中既有盾构隧道的结构安全,解决低净空条件下围护结构、地基加固施工难题,以长江漫滩地区基坑项目为实例,采用MJS工法桩内插H型钢的支护方式,通过高频液压免共振锤实现H型钢的静压插入,采取纵向拉条、复合腔体等措施完成盾构隧道内部的同步预加固,经深基坑施工前、后三维数值模拟分析和现场实测数据对比验证,挤土效应和时空效应对盾构隧道结构的影响得到有效控制,可为类似基坑工程设计、施工提供参考。

, correspAuthors=顾歆甜, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=r6RgVehxZLBklWFkvqzegA==, magXml=M86P83S6SjoEfXtIksAO8w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=SAtGY9nhOKD2ivoOkxWGHg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Gjge5upvxAwFPuzjkt2KLg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

顾歆甜,女,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地下工程和轨道交通结构保护的研究和管理工作,

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顾歆甜,女,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地下工程和轨道交通结构保护的研究和管理工作,

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顾歆甜,女,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地下工程和轨道交通结构保护的研究和管理工作,

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Shanghai 201108), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050861861954050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, companyId=1154050861845176832, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 城盾隧安地下工程有限公司 上海 201108)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154050868962910799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Distribution of soil layers, figureFileSmall=P4xXxCqU7mmOICH1Lnf4sg==, figureFileBig=UObWY+Vq34m7NnTUGCAsUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050869017436753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=CN, label=图1, caption=土层分布情况, figureFileSmall=P4xXxCqU7mmOICH1Lnf4sg==, figureFileBig=UObWY+Vq34m7NnTUGCAsUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050869071962708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Plan of deep excavation, figureFileSmall=CzWoJzx2C1FHurC5S20tYg==, figureFileBig=CNShZ8xyNql3DYs/SOrBqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050869130682966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=CN, label=图2, caption=泵井基坑平面, figureFileSmall=CzWoJzx2C1FHurC5S20tYg==, figureFileBig=CNShZ8xyNql3DYs/SOrBqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050869227151959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Filament wound profile arrangement plan, figureFileSmall=fbBsfxNPAaKlHeEAseeB5w==, figureFileBig=dzVlbpy5C94bU7TmyAgzVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050869281677912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=CN, label=图3, caption=复合腔体构造, figureFileSmall=fbBsfxNPAaKlHeEAseeB5w==, 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施工 参数 水泥 掺量/% 水灰 比 水泥 强度 空气 压力/ MPa 水泥浆 压力/ 提升 速度/ (min/m) 垂直 度
取值 40 1 : 1 42.5 级 0.5~0.7 ≥40 20 半圆 40 全圆 1/100
), ArticleFig(id=1154050870057624167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=CN, label=表1, caption=MJS 施工参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
施工 参数 水泥 掺量/% 水灰 比 水泥 强度 空气 压力/ MPa 水泥浆 压力/ 提升 速度/ (min/m) 垂直 度
取值 40 1 : 1 42.5 级 0.5~0.7 ≥40 20 半圆 40 全圆 1/100
), ArticleFig(id=1154050870116344427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Physico-mechanical parameters of soil layers, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层号 名称 μ/m γ/(kN/m3) c/kPa φ/(°) Kh/(cm/s) Es/MPa
1 杂填土 0.33 19.0 5 5 $5 \times {10}^{-4}$ 4.4
2 素填土 0.38 19.0 12 12 $3 \times {10}^{-7}$ 4.4
3 淤泥质 粉质黏土 0.43 17.6 14 14 $4 \times {10}^{-7}$ 3.3
4 淤泥质 粉质黏土 0.38 17.7 15 18 $9 \times {10}^{-7}$ 3.7
5 粉砂 0.23 18.8 8 32 $1 \times {10}^{-4}$ 10.6
), ArticleFig(id=1154050870233784945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=CN, label=表2, caption=土层物理力学性能指标, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层号 名称 μ/m γ/(kN/m3) c/kPa φ/(°) Kh/(cm/s) Es/MPa
1 杂填土 0.33 19.0 5 5 $5 \times {10}^{-4}$ 4.4
2 素填土 0.38 19.0 12 12 $3 \times {10}^{-7}$ 4.4
3 淤泥质 粉质黏土 0.43 17.6 14 14 $4 \times {10}^{-7}$ 3.3
4 淤泥质 粉质黏土 0.38 17.7 15 18 $9 \times {10}^{-7}$ 3.7
5 粉砂 0.23 18.8 8 32 $1 \times {10}^{-4}$ 10.6
), ArticleFig(id=1154050870313476722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Deformation tolerances of shield tunnel, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
安全监测项目 控制值/mm
竖向位移 $- {10}, + 5$
水平位移 $\pm {10}$
水平收敛 $\pm {10}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154050870380585588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=CN, label=表3, caption=盾构隧道变形控制值, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
安全监测项目 控制值/mm
竖向位移 $- {10}, + 5$
水平位移 $\pm {10}$
水平收敛 $\pm {10}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154050870451888759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Comparison between numerical simulation analysis and deformation monitoring, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 数值分析结果/mm 实测结果/mm
最大竖向位移 1.2 -5.7
最大水平位移 1.6 5.7
最大水平收敛 1.3 6.8
), ArticleFig(id=1154050870506414712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536952156888, language=CN, label=表4, caption=地铁盾构隧道数值分析及实测结果对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 数值分析结果/mm 实测结果/mm
最大竖向位移 1.2 -5.7
最大水平位移 1.6 5.7
最大水平收敛 1.3 6.8
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近零距离深基坑施工保护盾构隧道关键技术研究
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顾歆甜 1 , 金浩 2 , 沈晓伟 1 , 李奎 3
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2025,38(3): 108-113
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2025, 38(3): 108-113
近零距离深基坑施工保护盾构隧道关键技术研究
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顾歆甜1 , 金浩2, 沈晓伟1, 李奎3
作者信息
  • 1 南京地铁集团有限公司 南京 210008
  • 2 东南大学 交通学院 南京 210096
  • 3 城盾隧安地下工程有限公司 上海 201108
  • 顾歆甜,女,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地下工程和轨道交通结构保护的研究和管理工作,

Key Technologies for Shield Tunnel Protection in Near-Zero Distance Deep Excavation Construction
Xintian GU1 , Hao JIN2, Xiaowei SHEN1, Kui LI3
Affiliations
  • 1 Nanjing Metro Co., Ltd. Nanjing 210008
  • 2 School of Transportation Southeast University Nanjing 210096
  • 3 Cheng Dun Sui An Underground Engineering Co., Ltd. Shanghai 201108
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.015
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为保证近零距离深基坑施工过程中既有盾构隧道的结构安全,解决低净空条件下围护结构、地基加固施工难题,以长江漫滩地区基坑项目为实例,采用MJS工法桩内插H型钢的支护方式,通过高频液压免共振锤实现H型钢的静压插入,采取纵向拉条、复合腔体等措施完成盾构隧道内部的同步预加固,经深基坑施工前、后三维数值模拟分析和现场实测数据对比验证,挤土效应和时空效应对盾构隧道结构的影响得到有效控制,可为类似基坑工程设计、施工提供参考。

近零距离深基坑  /  盾构隧道  /  低净空  /  免共振锤  /  MJS工法桩  /  复合腔体

To ensure the structural safety of existing shield tunnels during nearzero distance deep excavation and address the challenges of retaining structure construction and ground reinforcement under low clearance conditions, this paper presents a case study of a pump station excavation project in the Yangtze River floodplain area. The protection measures include Metro Jet System (MJS) piles with Hsteel insertion using highfrequency hydraulic resonancefree hammer, and synchronous prereinforcement inside the shield tunnel using longitudinal braces and filament wound profiles. Through comparative analysis of threedimensional numerical simulation and field monitoring data before and after deep excavation, the soil squeezing effect and timespace effect on the tunnel structure were effectively controlled. These findings can provide valuable reference for the design and construction of similar excavation projects.

near-zero distance deep excavation  /  shield tunnel  /  low clearance  /  resonance-free hammer  /  Metro Jet System (MJS) method  /  filament wound
顾歆甜, 金浩, 沈晓伟, 李奎. 近零距离深基坑施工保护盾构隧道关键技术研究. 都市快轨交通, 2025 , 38 (3) : 108 -113 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.015
Xintian GU, Hao JIN, Xiaowei SHEN, Kui LI. Key Technologies for Shield Tunnel Protection in Near-Zero Distance Deep Excavation Construction[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2025 , 38 (3) : 108 -113 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.015
随着城市的快速化发展, 地铁线路纵横成网、四通八达, 地铁周边的深基坑项目数量也与日俱增。深基坑施工可能会对地铁结构产生不利影响, 造成变形、 破损、渗漏水等病害, 尤其是对相较于明挖结构更为柔性的盾构隧道结构。因此, 深基坑与地铁盾构隧道的距离控制及有效的保护措施一直是地铁结构保护管理工作的重点。
南京某地铁建设过程中, 需对沿线一处雨水泵井进行改迁, 由于临近市政交通枢纽和货运铁路, 新建泵井周边环境限制条件极为严苛, 不仅与既有市政通道、地铁盾构隧道密贴, 而且位于低净空市政公路桥下方, 同时为保障货运铁路正常运行, 作业时间有严格限制。
本文基于地铁盾构隧道安全保护要求, 对近零距离深基坑设计、施工关键技术进行剖析, 通过采用高频液压免共振锤、MJS 工法桩、复合腔体管片加固等外控与内治兼具的保护手段, 保证了泵井基坑的顺利实施和已建地铁的结构安全。
新建雨水泵井长 ${11.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、宽 4.2 m、深 ${12.1}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 结构底板厚度 ${0.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、侧墙及顶板厚度 ${0.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。泵井主体结构预留雨水管连接洞口, 在结构完成后破除围护桩与既有管道连接。
新建泵井基坑位于市政公路桥下方两座桥墩承台之间,桥下净空为 ${8.0}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。泵井东侧紧邻地铁盾构隧道, 坑底与隧道拱腰齐平; 西侧紧邻市政通道, 与市政通道共用围护;北侧为碎石道床基础货运铁路支线。 泵井结构与地铁盾构隧道结构外边线最小水平距离约为 ${1.8}\mathrm{\;m}$
泵井所处地层隶属长江漫滩平原区, 地质条件差, 对周边施工活动极为敏感。场地地基土层自上而下主要为杂填土、素填土、淤泥质粉质黏土、粉质黏土及淤泥质粉质黏土、粉砂 [1] 。泵井基坑底位于淤泥质粉质黏土层, 支护桩底进入粉质黏土及淤泥质粉质黏土层。
地铁盾构隧道主要穿越淤泥质粉质黏土层、流塑~软塑的粉质黏土及淤泥质粉质黏土层,见图1
基坑围护结构采用 MJS 工法桩, 其中东侧采用一排 ${\phi 2000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}@{900}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ MJS 桩摆喷 180°形成隔离, 西侧在既有市政通道 ${\phi 1000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}@{1200}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 钻孔灌注桩外侧打设 MJS 桩止水帷幕, 其余侧沿基坑打设 ${\phi 2000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ @900~1 ${200}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ MJS 并内插 HN 700×300型钢形成封闭围护,围护桩进入基坑底以下 ${15}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。坑底加固采用MJS,实施范围为坑底以下 ${10}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,坑内不降水。
基坑竖向设置 3 道支撑 +1 道换撑, 第一道采用 ${600} \times {800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 混凝土支撑,第二道、第三道、换撑采用 $\phi$ 609 mm厚 16 mm 钢支撑。冠梁尺寸为 800 mm $\times {1400}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 腰梁采用双拼 HW400×400×13×21 mm 组合钢构件。
型钢边线与地铁盾构隧道结构外边线最小水平距离约为 ${1.1}\mathrm{m},\mathrm{{MJS}}$ 桩边线紧贴地铁隧道,水平距离仅为 ${0.1}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。基坑与周边环境相对关系如图2所示。
盾构隧道顶覆土约为 ${9.4}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,隧道外径 ${6.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、内径 ${5.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,壁厚 ${0.35}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,环宽 ${1.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,衬砌环采用错缝拼装。
在新建泵井实施前,为控制 $\mathrm{H}$ 型钢插拔产生的挤土效应、MJS 旋喷造成的土体扰动以及泵井基坑开挖过程中时空效应对地铁盾构隧道的影响, 需提前对地铁进行预加固处理, 主要措施如下。
在隧道管片上设置 5 根纵向拉紧条, 加强管片纵向连接刚度, 防止盾构隧道环与环之间出现松动、错台、不均匀沉降等。
拉紧条采用 14B 槽钢经 SA2.5 级抛丸除锈, 并喷涂 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 厚防锈漆,采用 $\mathrm{M}{20}$ 化学锚栓安装固定, 在布置时需避开管片主筋、隧道内管线及设备、预留注浆孔等。
在隧道管片上环向设置复合腔体(见图3)进行加固, 单环采取 3 圈复合腔体构件, 提高隧道整体刚度和承载力 [2] ,防止隧道出现收敛变形。
这种复合材料较传统钢内衬加固具有自重轻、加固周期短、占用空间小的特点, 加固前预先用钢管制成含有 4 个腔室的空腔体, 将碳纤维通过特殊工艺包裹在空腔体外侧, 安装时先将复合空腔体与隧道管片用结构胶黏结, 再固定化学锚栓, 安装完成后在腔体内注入 C50 高强度砂浆填充 [3] 。加固完成效果见图4
在隧道道床上提前开孔,注浆孔每 2 环布置一排, 每排对称布置 2 个, 采用 2 次开孔方式, 首次开孔不打穿底板,预留 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 保护层,开孔后预埋注浆套管。一旦隧道突发沉降,可在隧道底部进行应急填充注浆。
考虑到泵井基坑工序转换过程中施工时间和施工空间的限制, 邻地铁侧支护结构施工采用先插型钢、 后喷浆工艺 [4 - 5] ,施工工序为 $\mathrm{H}$ 型钢插入 $\rightarrow$ 施作半圆 MJS 桩兼做隔离桩→施作全圆MJS止水桩→施作MJS 坑底加固。
其中围护桩 $\mathrm{H}$ 型钢共计 21 根,长 27 m,受市政公路桥下 $8\mathrm{\;m}$ 净空限制,考虑到型钢吊装及插入作业空间,需分节打入,每节 $3\mathrm{\;m}$ ,共9节,单节质量 ${0.5}\mathrm{t}$ , 接头处采用气体保护双面焊。
由于传统打拔型钢对周边环境影响较大, 为保护盾构隧道,基坑型钢插入采用 ICE 20RF 高频免共振锤和 600 液压动力站 [6] ,其中免共振锤仅重 ${3.65}\mathrm{t}$ ,采用履带吊吊装;600 液压动力站具备噪声小、振感低、 动力大的特点。动力站泵出的液压油驱动免共振锤的锤头马达, 通过马达旋转带动偏心块转动, 产生相应的偏心力矩, 使免共振锤产生振动。
为了避免工作频率与土壤产生共振, 免共振锤的转速非常高,最大转速能达到 ${2300}\mathrm{{rpm}}$ ,大幅超过土壤的固有频率。型钢周边土壤颗粒可以迅速液化、 摩擦力降低, 从而使型钢高速下沉。相比传统静压植桩机,免共振锤的功效可达其 $6 \sim {10}$ 倍,沉桩速度为 $4 \sim$ 10 m/min。
型钢插入时采用跳桩方式实施(见图5),在远离地铁隧道侧原位试桩。型钢上预埋声测管,采用声波检测和全站仪测量型钢垂直度, 一旦发现偏差及时纠偏。
MJS 工法桩又称全方位高压喷射工法, 使用独特的多孔管和前端吸浆装置, 实现了孔内强制排浆, 同时通过对地内泥浆压力进行监测,稳定了水泥浆液压力, 成桩稳固且高效, 大幅降低了对周边环境的影响,给地下空间开发提供了更多的可能和选择 [7-8]
MJS 施工工序采用桩位放样→引孔钻机就位 $\rightarrow$ 引孔钻进 $\rightarrow$ MJS 喷射钻机就位 $\rightarrow$ MJS 喷射 $\rightarrow$ 旋喷提升 $\rightarrow$ 钻机移位。引孔钻机采用 HDL-160D1 型钻机, MJS 喷射钻机采用 MJS-65CVH 型钻机。施工参数如表1所示。
施工时优先实施邻地铁侧半圆 MJS 桩, 同时兼做隔离桩。由于围护结构型钢先放置, 型钢间 MJS 晚于型钢实施, 将型钢周围完全封闭是项目成功的关键, 需将钻杆孔位准确定位于两根型钢中间, 确保围护止水的可靠性。MJS 桩施打均采用跳桩施工, 施打顺序如图6所示。
基坑累计土方量约为 ${570}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}$ 且作业面受限,采用 1 台小型挖机进行坑内挖方, 配合 1 台长臂挖机进行地面开挖, 挖至支撑高程后及时架设支撑, 施工过程中尽量减少基坑暴露时间, 及时浇筑底板, 减小时空效应影响,基坑从土方开挖至底板浇筑共用时 $7\mathrm{\;d}$
泵井内部结构包含底板、衬墙、梁和顶板, 分 4 次浇筑。回筑结构时及时实施倒换撑, 确保水平力顺利转换。侧墙设置 3 道环向水平暗梁, 以利于后续主体结构与既有雨水管连通施工。
连通作业采用暗挖法, 沿暗挖段均匀布设一排超前小导管, 再依次掏挖泵井结构、MJS 围护桩, 掏挖时及时安装钢拱架,与小导管形成联合支护。到达雨水管位置后截断既有管, 采用钢套筒进行连接, 连接完成后将连通道用混凝土填充密实。
采用 MIDAS GTS 岩土与隧道仿真分析软件, 通过全工况三维数值模型分析工程建设对地铁盾构隧道的影响。根据工程经验,所取土体范围为 ${90}\mathrm{\;m} \times$ ${90}\mathrm{\;m} \times {60}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,模型网格划分按照近密远疏的原则,共计 68864 个节点、438 859 个单元,采用自动生成边界作为模型边界条件, 整体模型及相对位置关系如图7所示。
通过激活和钝化方式模拟土方开挖和回填, 采用接触单元对隧道结构与土体之间的接触进行模拟, 隧道、基坑围护结构采用弹性本构模拟, 土体采用摩尔- 库伦理想弹性-塑性本构模型模拟, 土层物理力学性能指标如表2所示。
通过三维数值计算模拟, 在基坑工程施工影响下, 地表沉降为 ${4.0}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,地表朝基坑内水平位移最大为 ${2.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ;基坑最大竖向位移为 ${12.3}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,最大水平位移为 ${13.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ;地铁隧道最大隆起为 ${1.2}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,最大水平位移为 ${1.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,最大收敛为 ${1.3}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
根据《城市轨道交通结构安全保护技术规范》 [9] 、 《城市轨道交通结构安全保护技术规程》 [10] 、数值模拟分析结果和地铁结构现状, 确定项目结构变形控制值如表3所示。
泵井基坑实施期间地铁盾构隧道各监测点位累计沉降多在 $4\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 左右,最大沉降量为 ${5.7}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ (见图8)。 数值分析中地铁隧道竖向位移主要考虑的是基坑开挖卸载工况,计算结果为隆起 [11] ; 实际施工中,受施工荷载影响, 隧道竖向位移表现为下沉。
泵井基坑实施期间地铁盾构隧道各监测点位累计水平位移多在 $3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 左右,最大水平位移为 ${5.7}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ (见图9)。其中紧邻基坑的右线隧道在型钢插入期间受挤土效应影响水平位移出现负值, 左线由于距离较远无明显变化。
施工期间隧道水平收敛值较为可控, 收敛变化值多在 $2 \sim 3\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,最大收敛值为 ${6.8}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,相对于标准圆最大水平收敛约为34 mm[12]。数值分析与施工实测结果对比如表4所示。
通过对比发现, 除实测中竖向位移受施工荷载影响呈下沉趋势以外, 两者的变化规律是一致的, 实测数据较数值分析数值略大, 但仍处于盾构隧道变形的可控范围。两者互为印证证明数值分析结果是可靠的, 深基坑采取的保护手段是有效的。
本文以新建雨水泵井基坑为实例, 围绕设计方案优化、盾构隧道预加固、基坑施工工艺选择、三维数值模拟、现场数据实测多个维度研究了近零距离深基坑施工对盾构隧道的保护策略, 得到以下结论。
1)根据 “外控内治” 的指导原则,通过 MJS 工法桩内插型钢复合基坑支护型式、施工前盾构隧道内纵向拉紧条及复合腔体管片预加固相结合的手段, 外部施工期间地铁盾构隧道结构变形得到了有效控制, 其中最大竖向位移 $- {5.7}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 、最大水平位移 ${5.7}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 、 最大水平收敛 ${6.8}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,未达到变形控制值。
2)MJS 工法桩内插 $\mathrm{H}$ 型钢不仅满足了深基坑围护结构的整体刚度需求, 解决了低净空条件下深基坑开挖可行性问题, 而且对周边环境更为友好。型钢插入采用高频液压免共振锤, 功效高、影响小, 插入阶段盾构隧道的竖向位移、水平位移和水平收敛均控制在 3 mm 以内。
3)受工序转换期间施工时间、空间的限制, 如先实施 MJS、后插 H 型钢,可能影响型钢插入深度。本项目采用先插型钢、后喷浆工艺可以避免这一问题, MJS 桩同时承担型钢桩间的挡土和止水作用, 喷浆时需确保钻杆孔位居中,将型钢周围完全封闭。
4)盾构隧道的变形主要发生在竖向支护和坑底加固实施阶段, 为大型施工机械、材料设备堆放等施工附加荷载叠加影响所致; 基坑开挖及回筑阶段由于施工周期短、基坑体量小,产生变形较小。
  • 江苏省自然科学基金(BK20211173)
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2025年第38卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.015
  • 接收时间:2024-09-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-11
  • 修回日期:2025-01-27
基金
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20211173)
作者信息
    1 南京地铁集团有限公司 南京 210008
    2 东南大学 交通学院 南京 210096
    3 城盾隧安地下工程有限公司 上海 201108
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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