Article(id=1149729536075547320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745510400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-25, revisedDate=1747843200000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752046482341, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748707200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752046482341, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752046482341, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752046482341, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149729526025994706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2025', volume='38', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='161', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752046479946, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780086246, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000797948039291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000797948039292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=35, endPage=39, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149729536306234047, articleId=1149729536075547320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Optimization Strategies for Talent Recruitment in Urban Rail Transit Industry, columnId=1152669340382966151, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Forum of Rapid Rail Transit, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigates the challenges of "recruiting and retaining talent" in China's urban rail transit industry. Based on a sample of Beijing Jiaotong University graduates employed by metro companies between 2018 and 2024, a comprehensive survey was conducted across five dimensions: graduate demographics, employment locations, jobseeking processes, factors valued by graduates, and jobposition fit. A multidimensional analytical framework was developed using 539 valid questionnaire responses and a Logit model to identify key factors affecting recruitment outcomes. The findings reveal that recruitment effectiveness is influenced by multiple factors, including geographical preference matching, alignment between organizational development and career aspirations, knowledgeskill compatibility with positions, and job identification. Based on these findings, seven optimization strategies are proposed: optimizing job position and educational qualification matching, addressing the underlying impact of jobseeking processes on satisfaction, strengthening geographical alignment between positions and job seekers' preferences, providing career guidance for diverse career expectations, ensuring precise matching between job skill requirements and graduates' competencies, developing a diverse talent ecosystem, and enhancing career planning education. These strategies provide empirical evidence for talent policy formulation and recruitment efficiency improvement in the urban rail transit industry.

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针对我国城市轨道交通行业人才招聘存在的“招而难选、选而难留”的困境,以北京交通大学20182024届地铁公司就业的毕业生为样本,从毕业生基本情况、就业地点、求职过程、毕业生所看重的因素、工作匹配5个维度开展问卷调查,基于539份有效问卷和 Logit 模型构建多维分析框架,探究影响招聘效果的关键因素。研究结果表明,招聘效果受工作地点与期望地匹配、单位发展空间与职业诉求契合、知识技能与岗位适配、岗位认同感和主观评价等多方面影响。据此研究结果,针对性提出优化岗位设置与学历结构匹配、关注求职过程对满意度的深层影响、加强岗位与求职者地理期望的协调、重视不同职业期待下的岗位引导、关注岗位技能要求与毕业生能力结构的精准匹配、重视构建多元人才生态体系、加强大学生的职业规划教育的招聘优化路径,为城市轨道交通行业制定人才政策、提高招聘效率提供实证依据。

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梁英,女,硕士,副研究员,主要从事大学生生涯教育与就业指导工作,

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梁英,女,硕士,副研究员,主要从事大学生生涯教育与就业指导工作,

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梁英,女,硕士,副研究员,主要从事大学生生涯教育与就业指导工作,

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articleId=1149729536075547320, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=高校毕业生), Keyword(id=1154050815179346321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536075547320, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=就业满意度)], refs=[Reference(id=1154050817003868570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536075547320, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=中国城市轨道交通协会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国城市轨道交通协会. 中国城市轨道交通年度统计分析报告(2024)[R]. 北京, 2025., articleTitle=中国城市轨道交通年度统计分析报告(2024), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050817066783131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536075547320, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=90, issue=5, pageStart=928, pageEnd=944, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=CHAPMAN D S, 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变量名称 类别 占比/%
性别 61.41
38.59
学历 本科 45.27
硕士 53.25
博士 1.48
单位所在地位 地级城市 14.47
县级城市 0.74
直辖市或省会城市 84.79
毕业年份 2018 20.96
2019 14.47
2020 16.51
2021 12.24
2022 12.62
2023 10.39
2024 12.81
生源所在地和单位所在地 一致 36.18
不一致 63.82
单位所在地与期望工作地 一致 63.82
不一致 36.18
收到过录用通知 22.45
77.55
找到这份工作渠道 线上招聘渠道 27.86
线下招聘渠道 72.14
), ArticleFig(id=1154050816567660948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536075547320, language=CN, label=表1, caption=样本描述性统计, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 类别 占比/%
性别 61.41
38.59
学历 本科 45.27
硕士 53.25
博士 1.48
单位所在地位 地级城市 14.47
县级城市 0.74
直辖市或省会城市 84.79
毕业年份 2018 20.96
2019 14.47
2020 16.51
2021 12.24
2022 12.62
2023 10.39
2024 12.81
生源所在地和单位所在地 一致 36.18
不一致 63.82
单位所在地与期望工作地 一致 63.82
不一致 36.18
收到过录用通知 22.45
77.55
找到这份工作渠道 线上招聘渠道 27.86
线下招聘渠道 72.14
), ArticleFig(id=1154050816622186901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536075547320, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Statistical results of satisfaction indicators, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
满意度 最小值 最大值 均值 标准偏差
总体满意度 1 5 3.70 0.771
工资福利满意度 1 5 3.62 0.819
工作地点满意度 1 5 3.73 0.817
个人发展空间满意度 1 5 3.61 0.768
社会地位满意度 1 5 3.58 0.789
), ArticleFig(id=1154050816672518550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536075547320, language=CN, label=表2, caption=满意度指标统计结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
满意度 最小值 最大值 均值 标准偏差
总体满意度 1 5 3.70 0.771
工资福利满意度 1 5 3.62 0.819
工作地点满意度 1 5 3.73 0.817
个人发展空间满意度 1 5 3.61 0.768
社会地位满意度 1 5 3.58 0.789
), ArticleFig(id=1154050816718655895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536075547320, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of satisfaction, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 系数 标准误差 显著性
毕业生 基本情况 本科学历 0.548 0.328 0.095
求职过程 投递求职简历数量 -0.014 0.005 0.007
接受面试邀请数量 0.045 0.023 0.054
收到录用通知数量 0.477 0.204 0.019
求职所用时长 0.201 0.117 0.086
就业地点 生源地与单位一致 -0.453 0.319 0.156
期望地与单位一致 0.699 0.316 0.027
毕业生 所看重的 因素 工作利于施展个人才干 很不重要 7.590 4.254 0.074
工作利于施展个人才干 不重要 7.176 4.197 0.087
工作利于施展个人才干 一般重要 7.297 4.213 0.083
工作匹配 知识技能低于工作岗位 要求 -1.155 0.480 0.016
知识技能与工作岗位 要求基本吻合 -1.505 0.474 0.001
工作与所学专业相关 程度一般 1.823 1.038 0.079
), ArticleFig(id=1154050816760598936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536075547320, language=CN, label=表3, caption=满意度影响因素的 Logistic 回归分析, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 系数 标准误差 显著性
毕业生 基本情况 本科学历 0.548 0.328 0.095
求职过程 投递求职简历数量 -0.014 0.005 0.007
接受面试邀请数量 0.045 0.023 0.054
收到录用通知数量 0.477 0.204 0.019
求职所用时长 0.201 0.117 0.086
就业地点 生源地与单位一致 -0.453 0.319 0.156
期望地与单位一致 0.699 0.316 0.027
毕业生 所看重的 因素 工作利于施展个人才干 很不重要 7.590 4.254 0.074
工作利于施展个人才干 不重要 7.176 4.197 0.087
工作利于施展个人才干 一般重要 7.297 4.213 0.083
工作匹配 知识技能低于工作岗位 要求 -1.155 0.480 0.016
知识技能与工作岗位 要求基本吻合 -1.505 0.474 0.001
工作与所学专业相关 程度一般 1.823 1.038 0.079
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城市轨道交通人才招聘路径优化研究
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梁英 1 , 梁妍娇 1 , 鲁放 2, 3 , 原雅丽 4
都市快轨交通 | 快轨论坛 2025,38(3): 35-39
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都市快轨交通 | 快轨论坛 2025, 38(3): 35-39
城市轨道交通人才招聘路径优化研究
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梁英1 , 梁妍娇1, 鲁放2, 3, 原雅丽4
作者信息
  • 1 北京交通大学 就业与创业指导中心 北京 100044
  • 2 北京交通大学 交通运输学院 北京 100044
  • 3 中国城市轨道交通协会 北京 100038
  • 4 北京交通大学 系统科学学院 北京 100044
  • 梁英,女,硕士,副研究员,主要从事大学生生涯教育与就业指导工作,

Optimization Strategies for Talent Recruitment in Urban Rail Transit Industry
Ying LIANG1 , Yanjiao LIANG1, Fang LU2, 3, Yali YUAN4
Affiliations
  • 1 Employment and Entrepreneurship Guidance Center Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044
  • 2 School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044
  • 3 China Association of Urban Rail Transit Beijing 100038
  • 4 School of Systems Science Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.005
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针对我国城市轨道交通行业人才招聘存在的“招而难选、选而难留”的困境,以北京交通大学20182024届地铁公司就业的毕业生为样本,从毕业生基本情况、就业地点、求职过程、毕业生所看重的因素、工作匹配5个维度开展问卷调查,基于539份有效问卷和 Logit 模型构建多维分析框架,探究影响招聘效果的关键因素。研究结果表明,招聘效果受工作地点与期望地匹配、单位发展空间与职业诉求契合、知识技能与岗位适配、岗位认同感和主观评价等多方面影响。据此研究结果,针对性提出优化岗位设置与学历结构匹配、关注求职过程对满意度的深层影响、加强岗位与求职者地理期望的协调、重视不同职业期待下的岗位引导、关注岗位技能要求与毕业生能力结构的精准匹配、重视构建多元人才生态体系、加强大学生的职业规划教育的招聘优化路径,为城市轨道交通行业制定人才政策、提高招聘效率提供实证依据。

城市轨道交通  /  地铁公司  /  高校毕业生  /  就业满意度

This study investigates the challenges of "recruiting and retaining talent" in China's urban rail transit industry. Based on a sample of Beijing Jiaotong University graduates employed by metro companies between 2018 and 2024, a comprehensive survey was conducted across five dimensions: graduate demographics, employment locations, jobseeking processes, factors valued by graduates, and jobposition fit. A multidimensional analytical framework was developed using 539 valid questionnaire responses and a Logit model to identify key factors affecting recruitment outcomes. The findings reveal that recruitment effectiveness is influenced by multiple factors, including geographical preference matching, alignment between organizational development and career aspirations, knowledgeskill compatibility with positions, and job identification. Based on these findings, seven optimization strategies are proposed: optimizing job position and educational qualification matching, addressing the underlying impact of jobseeking processes on satisfaction, strengthening geographical alignment between positions and job seekers' preferences, providing career guidance for diverse career expectations, ensuring precise matching between job skill requirements and graduates' competencies, developing a diverse talent ecosystem, and enhancing career planning education. These strategies provide empirical evidence for talent policy formulation and recruitment efficiency improvement in the urban rail transit industry.

urban rail transit  /  subway company  /  college graduates  /  employment satisfaction
梁英, 梁妍娇, 鲁放, 原雅丽. 城市轨道交通人才招聘路径优化研究. 都市快轨交通, 2025 , 38 (3) : 35 -39 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.005
Ying LIANG, Yanjiao LIANG, Fang LU, Yali YUAN. Optimization Strategies for Talent Recruitment in Urban Rail Transit Industry[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2025 , 38 (3) : 35 -39 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.005
城市轨道交通是现代城市交通体系的骨干力量, 截至 2024 年底, 全国已有 50 余座城市开通轨道交通, 运营总里程突破1万 $\mathrm{{km}}$ ,日均客运量超过 1 亿人次 [1] 。 在大规模网络化建设与高强度运营管理的背景下, 地铁公司作为城市轨道交通行业的核心主体, 承载着城市交通网络的高效运转与可持续发展重任, 其对高素质人才的需求持续上升。然而, 实际招聘中, 多数地铁公司面临 “招而难选” “选而难留” 的人才困境。一方面, 企业对技术、运维、管理等多领域复合型人才的需求不断拓展;另一方面,受制于行业吸引力不足、 区域发展不平衡、招聘渠道单一等因素, 人才的岗位匹配度和职业认同感有待提高。这一供需错位问题, 已成为制约城市轨道交通高质量发展的关键瓶颈。
现有研究表明, 影响企业招聘效果的因素多样, 既包括组织声誉、雇主品牌、薪酬福利、晋升通道等内部吸引力要素, 也涉及政府政策、行业环境与招聘技术等外部条件 [2 - 4] 。此外,招聘渠道的选择与整合手段直接影响招聘效果的广度与深度 [5 - 9] ,政府政策支持与行业制度环境作为外部变量, 对招聘意愿和人才流动也构成重要制约条件 [10 - 12] 。在应对高校与社会人才供需错配方面,校企合作与实习基地建设成为链接教育体系与用人单位之间的桥梁机制 [13 - 16] 。尽管当前关于招聘效果的影响因素已有大量实证研究成果, 但对城市轨道交通行业招聘影响因素在不同生命周期阶段中的协同作用, 缺乏系统性、全过程的综合分析; 同时, 现有研究对行业技术特性、岗位结构复杂性以及区域人才市场差异等维度的关注仍显不足, 亟需进一步扩展维度、深化机制分析, 并结合实际应用场景开展更具针对性的理论与实证探索。
本文以高校毕业生为样本, 开展毕业生求职全过程追踪, 对影响地铁公司招聘效果的因素构建多项 Logit 模型, 系统分析不同招聘阶段的影响因素, 并结合研究结果, 对高校毕业生招聘的真实应用场景提出优化路径, 以弥补已有研究的不足。
在教育科技人才一体化战略下,高校毕业生作为高素质人才群体的核心力量, 对轨道交通行业高质量发展至关重要。为深入了解高素质人才应聘城市轨道交通行业相关公司的就业行为、岗位适配情况及影响因素,本文以北京交通大学 2018-2024 届地铁公司就业的毕业生为对象, 设计并实施了系统的问卷调查。 问卷从毕业生基本情况、就业地点、求职过程、毕业生所看重的因素、工作匹配 5 个维度开展调研, 共收集有效样本 539 份, 样本统计见表1,5 个维度题项的具体描述如下。
1)毕业生基本情况题项,包括毕业时间、性别、 学历、专业、单位名称。
2)就业地点题项, 包括生源所在地、期望工作地、 单位所在地, 根据问卷结果得到新的地理匹配性变量: 生源地与单位所在地的一致性, 期望地与单位所在地的一致性, 采用二分变量量表进行测量, 从 “不一致” 到 “一致” 分别赋值为 0 和 1 。
3)求职过程题项, 包括投递求职简历数量、接受单位的面试邀请数量、收到单位录用通知数量、求职所用时长。
4)毕业生所看重的因素题项, 包括毕业生对该工作是否有利于施展个人才干和兼顾亲友关系重要性的看法, 采用 Likert5 级量表对重要性程度观测变量进行测量, 从 “很不重要” 到 “很重要”, 分别从 1 到 5 赋值。
5)工作匹配题项, 包含工作与求职预期的吻合状况及知识技能与岗位要求的匹配状况, 前者采用 Likert5 级量表测量, 从 “完全不吻合” 到 “很吻合”, 分别从 1 到 5 赋值;后者从 “低于工作要求、恰好满足、高于工作要求”分别赋值为 1、2、3。
对毕业生的就业满意度进行详细统计, 如表2所示。由表2可知: ①工作地点满意度均值为 3.73 , 在总体满意度、工资福利满意度、个人发展空间满意度和社会地位满意度中最高, 表明毕业生对工作地点相对更认可,或因地铁企业的工作地点分布、通勤便利性等方面符合他们的期望; 社会地位满意度均值最低, 说明毕业生在这方面的心理预期与实际有差距。②在数据离散程度上, 工资福利满意度标准差最大为 0.819 , 意味着毕业生对其看法差异显著; 个人发展空间满意度标准差最小为 0.768 , 表明大家看法相对一致;其他指标的标准差处于中间水平,反映出相应维度上毕业生看法有一定差异但不如工资福利方面突出。
基于调查数据, 采用随机效用理论构建多项 Logit 模型, 量化各因素对岗位选择概率的边际效应。根据模型显著性检验结果, 当显著性值小于 0.1 时, 对应变量为显著变量,即对毕业生就业满意度的影响显著, 仅保留模型显著变量的结果(生源地与单位一致变量除外),如表3所示, 毕业生对地铁公司综合满意度受多重因素影响, 且各因素作用有显著差异, 具体如下:
1)本科学历毕业生满意度略高。这一现象可能与地铁单位岗位设置偏向本科生学历的特点有关。反映出本科学历群体在当前地铁岗位中满意度较高, 企业的岗位设置更契合本科层次人才的能力结构。由于大多数岗位的学历门槛设定为本科,因此硕士及以上学历者可能产生 “能力未被充分发挥” 的心理落差, 从而使本科学历成为满意度相对较高的平衡点。
2)求职行为特征呈现双向效应。一方面, 投递简历数量越多, 满意度下降越明显, 表明过多的岗位申请可能引发选择焦虑和决策后悔, 入职后更易放大现职位的不足。另一方面, 收到面试邀请和录用通知数量越多,满意度提高越显著, 可能源于获得广泛认可带来的自我效能感提升。此外, 随着求职所用时长的增加, 满意度呈上升趋势, 尽管未达严格统计显著水平, 但提示更充分的筛选和反思过程有助于匹配更合适的岗位。然而, 也需警惕若求职周期过长伴随频繁失败,可能反而导致焦虑和满意度下降。
3)工作地点匹配性对满意度具有显著影响。当毕业生的实际工作地与其期望地点一致时, 满意度显著提升; 而生源地与单位所在地是否一致对满意度无显著作用。这一结果表明, 主观期望的实现有助于增强对企业的归属感, 从而提升工作满意度; 而单纯的生源地一致并不能显著改善生活体验。
4)能力与岗位匹配度对满意度的影响呈现非线性特征。当毕业生自评能力 “基本吻合” 岗位要求时, 满意度反而最低。可能原因在于: 能力明显不足者可获得更多培训机会, 能力完全匹配者可胜任挑战性任务并获得成就感,而能力 “基本吻合” 者则易陷入技能利用不足、工作内容重复、晋升空间受限的困境。 值得注意的是, 认为 “施展个人才干不重要” 的毕业生群体满意度反而偏高, 深度访谈发现, 这一群体多将地铁岗位作为过渡性选择, 因而降低了职业发展预期,减少了实际工作的落差感。
5)适度的专业对口满意度较高。认为工作内容与所学专业“一般相关”的毕业生,其满意度较高。这一发现提示,适度的专业相关性(而非高度对口或完全不相关)反而有助于平衡压力与胜任感, 既避免了知识资源浪费, 又能适度拓宽职业发展路径, 从而促进工作满意度的提升。
根据模型分析结果, 地铁公司在高校毕业生招聘方面可从以下 7 个维度进行优化, 系统完善招聘机制, 提升毕业生入职满意度和岗位适配性, 从而增强人岗匹配效率与组织吸引力, 为行业可持续发展夯实人才基础。
1)优化岗位设置与学历结构匹配。地铁公司在招聘时应合理界定岗位学历门槛, 避免 “高学历低匹配” 的人岗错配现象。对于硕士及以上学历群体, 可探索设立更具挑战性和发展空间的管理或技术类岗位,以缓解 “能力未被充分发挥” 的落差感, 增强其职业认同和满意度。
2)关注求职过程对满意度的深层影响。毕业生在求职过程中获得的反馈质量远比数量更关键。因此, 地铁公司应提高招聘流程的透明度和反馈效率, 通过及时沟通、积极反馈的机制提升候选人体验, 增强招聘吸引力。同时, 可鼓励毕业生进行更具针对性的求职决策, 减少无效简历投递, 从而提高双方匹配效率。
3)加强岗位与求职者地理期望的协调。企业在招聘时应充分考虑候选人主观地理偏好, 尤其是在城市群或区域间流动性较强的背景下, 应为重点岗位提供灵活的工作地选项、完善的异地安置支持与通勤补贴政策, 从而更好吸引符合岗位要求的人才。
4)重视不同职业期待下的岗位引导。企业可根据员工职业期待进行差异化管理,如为低发展期待者提供稳定、规范的工作环境,为高期待者提供晋升路径与职业成长支持, 实现多样化人才管理策略。
5)关注岗位技能要求与毕业生能力结构的精准匹配。企业在岗位说明中应更清晰界定技能要求, 并在入职培训、轮岗机制与职业晋升设计中为不同能力层次员工提供分层发展路径, 以提升其长期满意度。
6)重视构建多元人才生态体系。地铁公司在招聘中不应一味追求 “专业高度对口”, 而应重视跨专业能力的整合与开发,推动复合型人才的培养与使用,从而构建更加包容与多元的人才生态体系。
7)加强对大学生的职业规划教育。高校应构建贯穿大学全程的职业规划教育体系, 分阶段培养职业认知与技能。深化校企合作, 通过企业调研、定制实践课程、共建实习基地等模式, 精准对接企业需求, 帮助学生明晰职业方向, 掌握岗位所需技能, 减少与工作的磨合成本。
本文聚焦我国城市轨道交通行业人才 “招而难选”“选而难留”的招聘困境,追踪高校毕业生求职全过程, 系统梳理影响地铁公司招聘高校毕业生效果的多维因素和影响机制, 针对性提出招聘优化策略, 为城市轨道交通行业制定精准化、差异化的人才战略提供实证依据。主要结论如下。
1)地铁公司招聘高校毕业生的效果受到毕业生基本情况、就业地点、求职过程、毕业生所看重的因素、工作匹配 5 个维度影响。其中, 本科学历群体满意度相对较高; 实际工作地点与期望地点的匹配能显著提升满意度, 而生源地匹配则作用不明显; 求职过程中, 收到更多面试和录用反馈有助于提升满意度, 而过多投递简历反而可能引发焦虑; 在工作匹配方面, 能力 “基本吻合” 岗位要求者满意度反而最低;工作内容与专业 “适度相关” 比完全对口或完全无关更有助于增强胜任感与满意度。
2)地铁公司招聘高校毕业生呈现本科学历毕业生满意度略高、求职行为特征呈现双向效应、工作地点匹配性对满意度具有显著影响、能力与岗位匹配度对满意度的影响呈现非线性特征、适度的专业对口满意度较高的特征。
3)可以从优化岗位设置与学历结构匹配、关注求职过程对满意度的深层影响、加强岗位与求职者地理期望的协调、重视不同职业期待下的岗位引导、关注岗位技能要求与毕业生能力结构的精准匹配、重视构建多元人才生态体系、加强大学生的职业规划教育 7 个方面优化人才招聘路径。
本文仅通过毕业生求职全过程对地铁公司招聘高校毕业生情况进行研究, 但样本数据较少, 研究范围不全面。未来将通过扩大样本范围, 结合区域差异、 岗位类型及专业背景等细分变量, 纵向追踪毕业生入职后的发展路径与满意度演变等多种方式, 优化研究内容和深度, 为地铁公司提供更具前瞻性和系统性的招聘效果提升路径。
  • 北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心重大项目(24LLZZA011)
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2025年第38卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.005
  • 接收时间:2025-04-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-25
  • 修回日期:2025-05-22
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北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心重大项目(24LLZZA011)
作者信息
    1 北京交通大学 就业与创业指导中心 北京 100044
    2 北京交通大学 交通运输学院 北京 100044
    3 中国城市轨道交通协会 北京 100038
    4 北京交通大学 系统科学学院 北京 100044
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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