Article(id=1149729530056720916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524688007450, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712764800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-11, revisedDate=1720195200000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752046480907, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1743436800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752046480907, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752046480907, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752046480907, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149729524688007450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2025', volume='38', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='177', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752046479627, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780095764, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000837835870332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524688007450, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000837835870333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524688007450, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=119, endPage=123, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149729530337739286, articleId=1149729530056720916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Research and Application of Grounding Leakage Protection Scheme for Suspension Monorail Transit DC System, columnId=1152669334582243706, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper analyzes the power supply system of suspended monorail transit and emphasizes the necessity of DC system ground fault protection to ensure equipment and personnel safety under various operating conditions. While conventional voltagebased ground fault protection devices can provide basic protection functions, they lack selective tripping capability and may expand the fault area. Based on Kirchhoff's current law, this paper proposes an innovative sectional currentbased ground fault protection scheme. Through the implementation of inverse timecurrent characteristics and differential current components, the scheme achieves accurate and rapid fault section identification, enabling priority tripping of corresponding sections to isolate faults, thus significantly improving system selectivity. Through analysis of protection objectives, coverage, types, and operation time limits of both 64D protection and frame current protection, the study concludes that these two protection methods are complementary and can operate simultaneously. Field applications demonstrate that all protection functions perform sensitively and reliably. By calculating key parameters for 64D protection, this paper proposes protection schemes and system setting values for practical engineering applications, optimizing protection system selectivity, effectively reducing fault ranges, and ensuring operational safety.

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通过对悬挂式单轨交通供电系统进行分析,设置直流系统接地漏电保护,可保障各工况下设备、人员安全。常规的判断电压型接地漏电保护装置虽然可实现保护功能,但无法实现选择性跳闸,故障范围扩大。根据基尔霍夫电流定律,创新提出区段电流型接地漏电保护方案,通过反时限电流曲线及差异电流组件的应用,实现对故障区段精准、快速定位,并且相应区段优先跳闸,切除故障,系统的选择性得到质的提升。基于对 64D 保护和框架保护在对象、范围、类型及动作时限分析得出,两种保护不冲突、可以同时使用,经实际工程应用,各保护功能灵敏、可靠。通过对64D保护关键参数计算,提出应用于工程实际的保护方案及系统整定值,优化保护系统的选择性,有效缩小故障范围,保障安全运营。

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殷爽,男,本科,高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通供配电系统设计、研究与应用,

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殷爽,男,本科,高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通供配电系统设计、研究与应用,

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殷爽,男,本科,高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通供配电系统设计、研究与应用,

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保护名称 保护对象 保护范围 保护类型 动作时限
框架保护 直流设备 操作人员 各牵引变 电所 电流检测元件 电压检测元件 人体耐受 电压时间特性
64D 保护 运行车辆 设备及乘客 全线路及 车站 判断电压型 区段电流型 相较框架保护 延时 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;s}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154050915322552716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729530056720916, language=CN, label=表1, caption=64D 保护与框架保护关系分析, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
保护名称 保护对象 保护范围 保护类型 动作时限
框架保护 直流设备 操作人员 各牵引变 电所 电流检测元件 电压检测元件 人体耐受 电压时间特性
64D 保护 运行车辆 设备及乘客 全线路及 车站 判断电压型 区段电流型 相较框架保护 延时 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;s}$
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悬挂式单轨交通直流系统接地漏电保护研究与应用
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殷爽
都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2025,38(2): 119-123
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都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2025, 38(2): 119-123
悬挂式单轨交通直流系统接地漏电保护研究与应用
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殷爽
作者信息
  • 上海市隧道工程轨道交通设计研究院 上海 200235
  • 殷爽,男,本科,高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通供配电系统设计、研究与应用,

Research and Application of Grounding Leakage Protection Scheme for Suspension Monorail Transit DC System
Shuang YIN
Affiliations
  • Shanghai Tunnel Engineering & Rail Transit Design and Research Institute Shanghai 200235
出版时间: 2025-04-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.017
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通过对悬挂式单轨交通供电系统进行分析,设置直流系统接地漏电保护,可保障各工况下设备、人员安全。常规的判断电压型接地漏电保护装置虽然可实现保护功能,但无法实现选择性跳闸,故障范围扩大。根据基尔霍夫电流定律,创新提出区段电流型接地漏电保护方案,通过反时限电流曲线及差异电流组件的应用,实现对故障区段精准、快速定位,并且相应区段优先跳闸,切除故障,系统的选择性得到质的提升。基于对 64D 保护和框架保护在对象、范围、类型及动作时限分析得出,两种保护不冲突、可以同时使用,经实际工程应用,各保护功能灵敏、可靠。通过对64D保护关键参数计算,提出应用于工程实际的保护方案及系统整定值,优化保护系统的选择性,有效缩小故障范围,保障安全运营。

悬挂式单轨  /  直流系统  /  接地漏电保护  /  64D保护

This paper analyzes the power supply system of suspended monorail transit and emphasizes the necessity of DC system ground fault protection to ensure equipment and personnel safety under various operating conditions. While conventional voltagebased ground fault protection devices can provide basic protection functions, they lack selective tripping capability and may expand the fault area. Based on Kirchhoff's current law, this paper proposes an innovative sectional currentbased ground fault protection scheme. Through the implementation of inverse timecurrent characteristics and differential current components, the scheme achieves accurate and rapid fault section identification, enabling priority tripping of corresponding sections to isolate faults, thus significantly improving system selectivity. Through analysis of protection objectives, coverage, types, and operation time limits of both 64D protection and frame current protection, the study concludes that these two protection methods are complementary and can operate simultaneously. Field applications demonstrate that all protection functions perform sensitively and reliably. By calculating key parameters for 64D protection, this paper proposes protection schemes and system setting values for practical engineering applications, optimizing protection system selectivity, effectively reducing fault ranges, and ensuring operational safety.

suspended monorail  /  DC system  /  grounding leakage protection  /  64D protection
殷爽. 悬挂式单轨交通直流系统接地漏电保护研究与应用. 都市快轨交通, 2025 , 38 (2) : 119 -123 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.017
Shuang YIN. Research and Application of Grounding Leakage Protection Scheme for Suspension Monorail Transit DC System[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2025 , 38 (2) : 119 -123 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.017
悬挂式单轨交通系统属于中运量轨道交通制式, 具有占地少、交通环境影响低、建造快、绿色节能、景观效果好等优点, 已经成为行业发展关注重点。
上海市宝山区某工程项目,一期工程线路全长约 ${15}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,共设车站 17 座,车辆基地及控制中心各 1 座。 采用悬挂式单轨车辆, 2 辆编组, 单列车用电功率 ${400}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 左右。根据车辆受电及轨道侧梁结构形式, 采用 DC 750 V 正极接触轨供电、负极接触轨回流的牵引供电方式,中压环网采用 ${10}\mathrm{{kV}}$ 单环网接线方案。
悬挂式单轨交通直流牵引供电系统正常运行条件下,通过接触轨提供 $\mathrm{{DC}}{750}\mathrm{\;V}$ 正负极电压,维持车辆运行需求。车辆依靠外包橡胶轮对在轨道梁内走行,车体与大地间保持绝缘。当直流供电系统中任意一点发生正极对地短路或线路绝缘不良时, 发生接地漏电故障, 故障电流可达几百安培, 对乘客、车辆及系统设备存在一定安全隐患,应研究并设置必要的系统性保护措施。
行业内对直流系统接地漏电保护问题进行了研究, 文献[ 1 ]提出增加车载设备, 协助判断故障, 切除故障, 提高运营效率; 文献[ 2 ]提出依据各自故障时间点、故障现象及发生顺序, 进行故障识别及处置, 帮助恢复运营; 文献[ 3 ]提出针对车辆接地保护相关措施方案, 重点分析了车辆过断电区对地面接地保护设计的影响和对策; 文献[ 4 ]提出可以通过接地漏电电流辅助判断故障, 进一步提高故障识别能力; 文献[ 5 ]提出专用轨回流系统直流接地保护, 可以通过接地漏电保护装置识别判断故障;文献[ 6 ]提出框架保护与接地保护间合理设置保护时限,实现协同保护, 共同提高防护效果。文献[ 7 ]提出轨道交通系统的适用性。
虽然学者们对直流系统保护有一定研究, 提出采取电压型接地漏电保护、直流系统框架保护等措施, 但对接地漏电保护方案及其与框架保护之间关系研究较少,有待深入探讨。本文将重点分析不同类型接地漏电保护原理、保护间的关系及实际工程应用方案。
直流系统接地漏电保护方案研究在借鉴德国磁悬浮系统、日本和重庆跨座式单轨系统的基础上, 逐步形成两种悬挂式单轨接地漏电保护系统方案。
保护装置原理如图1所示, 成套装置由直流接地继电器、可调电阻、单向导通装置、分流器等设备组成, 一端连接负极母线, 一端连接接地网, 装置在全线牵引变电所布设 [ 2 ] 。其中核心设备是直流接地继电器, 配套检测装置可实现较高的灵敏度和精确度, 具备信号放大、传输功能,初期设备由日本引进, 设备代号 64D,由此行业内将成套设备简称为 “64D 保护装置”(或 “64D 装置”、“64D 保护”)。单向导通装置的功能是利用二极管特性, 检测电流方向始终由大地流向负极, 有效避免车辆启动时电流波动引起的装置误动作。可调电阻根据供电系统参数配套调节,提高装置灵敏度, 通过分流器检测并显示系统电流参数。
装置识别直流系统正极对地短路故障的判断逻辑, 通过继电器及配套装置, 实时检测负极母线对地电压。当发生正极对地短路故障时, 如图2所示, 短路电流经大地 $\rightarrow$ 各 64D 装置接地点 $\rightarrow$ 回到负极,引起负极母线对地电压升高, 达到系统整定值时报警或发出动作指令, 相应馈线断路器分闸, 切除故障。 此方案虽然可以有效识别系统故障, 但无法精确定位故障区段, 往往引起全线多座变电所跳闸, 影响正常运营。
为提高接地漏电保护动作的选择性, 区段电流型方案应运而生。根据基尔霍夫电流定律可知, 正常运行时供电系统直流正极馈出电流 $I +$ 与负极回流电流 $I$ -应相等 [ 5 ] 。当发生正极对地短路故障时,实际测量值 $I + > I -$ 。基于理论研究与工程化应用,区段电流型 64D 装置原理如图3所示, 成套装置由电流传感器、 逻辑控制单元、差异电流传感器组件、电流继电器、 可调电阻、单向导通装置等组成。核心元器件电流传感器及配套检测装置实时检测回路电流大小, 并将电流信息识别、转换、输出, 满足信息传输、存储、显示、控制等需求。逻辑控制单元可实现光纤通信, 实时对系统中 $I +$$I -$ 最大差值电流进行比较,通过逻辑判断识别故障区段。差异电流传感器组件一般设置在牵引变电所接触轨隔离开关柜内, 检测泄漏电流的大小和方向, 分析系统正、负极母线供电电流差异情况, 协助判断供电区段是否存在漏电。电流继电器根据回路电流变化情况, 发出相应信号或执行跳开动作。可调电阻、 单向导通装置功能与判断电压型 64D 装置功能一致。
区段电流型 64D 装置的判断逻辑为, 全线各牵引变电所 64D 装置控制单元通过光纤进行实时通信, 对全线牵引变电所直流馈线电流 $I +$$I -$ 的最大差值进行比较, 逻辑判断识别差值最大的直流馈线回路。依据反时限跳闸曲线及理论, 可以根据电流值的大小与动作时间呈反比设置, 电流差值越大, 动作时限越小, 通过不同延时实现装置选择性, 使差值电流最大的回路先动作。在实际工程中, 距离故障点最近的直流馈线回路检测到的差值电流最大, 系统通过设置预警值、延迟时间、反时限逻辑, 使差值最大的回路最先动作, 切除故障, 有效保证系统的选择性, 避免故障范围扩大。
利用差异电流传感器组件协同判断故障区段。当区段无车辆、发生漏电故障时,正极电流经差异电流组件输出, 负极电流经大地 → 按分流比例经各牵引所 64D 装置回到负极。此时 $I + > I -$ ,差异电流极性为正。 当区段有车辆、发生漏电故障时, 车辆的一部分制动能量经能馈装置回到负极,此时 $I + < I -$ ,差异电流极性为负。如图2所示, 故障区段有车辆时, 一部分电流将流经车辆自带制动装置,从接触轨正极 $\rightarrow$ 车辆制动电阻装置 $\rightarrow$ 接触轨负极 $\rightarrow$ 变电所负极母线,本区段较其他区段多一路故障电流流回负极,因此 $I + < I -$ 。 由此, 对全线牵引变电所差异电流大小和极性进行判断, 只有故障点两侧牵引所差异电流极性同向且差值最大, 非故障区段牵引所差异电流极性不同且差值较小, 据此在双重检测识别及逻辑判断下, 可进一步提高故障区段识别精度, 缩短系统动作时间, 有效避免故障范围扩大。
两种方案比较, 电压型保护最大的痛点是能识别出故障, 但无法准确定位故障。电流型保护最大的优点是不仅能识别接地漏电故障的发生, 并且通过系统对故障电流流动方向、正极负极间电流差值的计算, 可以精准定位出故障区段, 经逻辑判断后快速切除故障区段,有效减少故障影响范围。
在实际工程中, 变电所设备框架保护被广泛采用, 其原理也是基于电压和电流元件检测结果, 执行报警或跳闸动作 [ 6 ] 。现将 64D 保护与框架保护关系予以分析, 协调各保护间配合。
直流系统框架保护装置主要作用为实时检测设备状态, 当发生直流设备正极对设备外壳短路故障或绝缘安装设备的绝缘损坏时, 此时设备外壳带电, 对成套设备运行及维护人员作业存在极大安全隐患,框架保护装置应能迅速识别, 达到预设整定值时, 发出指令, 相应直流断路器跳闸, 切除故障回路。框架保护方案如图4所示, 主要由电流检测元件、电压检测元件、隔离放大器等组成。牵引变电所整流器柜、直流开关柜、负极柜等应设置框架保护。
电流检测元件核心设备分流器可承受 ${100}\mathrm{\;{kA}}$ 短路电流、内阻 ${0.15}\mathrm{\;m}\Omega$ 左右,一端与绝缘安装的直流设备外壳连接, 另一端与变电所接地网单点连接。当直流设备发生正极对外壳短路, 且流过电流检测元件整定值 $I > {80}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时,框架保护识别故障,发出指令迅速切除本牵引所整流器柜交流中压断路器, 本牵引所及相邻牵引所同一供电区段直流馈线断路器跳闸, 完全切除故障, 此时可通过接触轨越区隔离开关实现越区供电。在实际工程应用中, 为有效缩小故障范围, 一般设置 2 套电流检测元件, 1 套用于整流器柜, 1 套用于其他直流开关柜。当发生整流器柜正极对外壳短路故障时, 可以仅跳闸本所整流器柜交、直流开关, 直流馈线断路器不跳闸, 此时可以通过本所直流母线实现大双边供电, 接触轨不停电, 不影响运营。
电压检测元件一端接直流设备外壳, 一端接负极母排,实时检测设备外壳与直流设备负极之间的电压。 当直流设备发生正极对外壳短路时, 依据预设整定值, 动用报警或跳闸。电压 I 段用于报警,通常整定值设为 $U > {110}\mathrm{\;V}, t = {1.5}\mathrm{\;s}$ ,电压 $\mathrm{{II}}$ 段用于跳闸,通常整定值设为 $U > {170}\mathrm{\;V}, t = {0.5}\mathrm{\;s}$ 。电压检测元件作为电流检测元件的后备保护, 应按照人体耐受电压时间特性曲线整定。64D 保护与框架保护关系分析如表1所示。
对比分析可知, 框架保护装置主要是直流设备正极对设备外壳发生短路故障或绝缘损坏时动作, 64D 保护装置可以保护整流机组以下所有正极对地短路故障。当正极接触轨发生对地短路故障时,短路电流由大地经 64D 保护装置流回负极, 而直流设备由于绝缘安装, 此时框架保护电流检测元件无电流经过。
当直流设备正极对外壳短路时, 短路电流从正极经框架保护电流检测元件 $\rightarrow$ 大地 $\rightarrow {64}\mathrm{D}$ 装置流回负极, 此时框架保护电流元件与 64D 保护装置相当于串联关系。为进一步核实故障, 在实际工程中, 64D 保护跳闸动作时间大于框架保护电流元件跳闸动作时间,通常延时 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;s}$ 。由此加以区分两种故障,发生直流设备正极对外壳故障或是正极接触轨对地故障。经实践检验, 两种保护不冲突, 保护范围和对象不同, 可以同时使用。
上海市宝山区某工程项目, 牵引供电系统额定电压 DC 750 V,最高电压 DC 1 000 V,根据系统条件, 通过牵引计算软件模拟得出各工况下系统运行参数, 现实际工程运行状态良好。本章重点计算 64D 装置主要元器件选型参数。
供电系统参数计算采用平均运量法, 先根据车辆参数得到车辆平均电流值, 根据本工程运行交路的发车间隔、旅行速度得到馈线区间列车数, 计算可得馈线平均电流、变电所馈出有效电流、变电所整流机组容量。再根据本工程区间长度, 计算线路压降、最大平均电压损失、最大瞬间电压损失, 校验供电系统参数,本工程 DC 750 V 系统最大压降应小于 ${250}\mathrm{\;V}$ 。详细计算过程可参考《城市轨道交通供电系统设计原理与应用》 [ 8 ] 页。
最大短路电流计算。接地网电阻小于 ${1\Omega },{64}\mathrm{D}$ 装置可调电阻常规设定值 ${5\Omega }$ ,当发生正极对地故障时, 最大短路电流 $I = U/R = {1000}\mathrm{\;V}/{6\Omega } = {166.7}\mathrm{\;A}$
承受短路电流时间计算。64D 装置故障识别至发出跳闸命令时间 ${100}\mathrm{\;{ms}}$ 左右,馈线断路器可靠分闸时间 ${50}\mathrm{\;{ms}}$ 左右,则接地电阻承受短路电流时间 $t = {100}\mathrm{\;{ms}} +$ ${50}\mathrm{\;{ms}} = {150}\mathrm{\;{ms}}$
64D 装置承受最小电压计算。根据相关数据, 接触轨对地发生金属性短路故障时, 拉弧电压最大值 ${300}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,电弧电阻最大值约 ${10\Omega }$ ,忽略接地电阻,则 64D 装置承受最小电流 $I = U/R = {750}\mathrm{\;V}/{15\Omega } = {50}\mathrm{\;A}$ ,最小电压 $U = {IR} = {50}\mathrm{\;A} \times {5\Omega } = {250}\mathrm{\;V}$
实际工程应用方案, 经牵引供电系统仿真计算, 一期工程设置牵引降压混合变电所 7 座, 每座牵引变电所内设 64D 保护装置 1 套,成套柜宽 $\times$$\times$ 高为 ${800}\mathrm{\;{mm}} \times$ 1 ${300}\mathrm{\;{mm}} \times 2\;{200}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。同时设框架保护装置 1 套,设备置于负极柜内,成套柜宽×深×高为 ${1200}\mathrm{\;{mm}} \times {1200}\mathrm{\;{mm}} \times$ ${2200}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。框架保护范围包括 ${64}\mathrm{D}$ 成套柜、直流系统开关柜、整流器柜等。
为了提高保护动作的灵敏度, 动作电压整定值设为 ${200}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,则主回路动作电流 $I = U/R = {200}\mathrm{\;V}/{5\Omega } = {40}\mathrm{\;A}$ , 当装置检测到故障电流达 ${34}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时发出预警信息,达到 ${40}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时判断发生接地漏电故障,进而识别故障区段, 动作跳闸,切除故障。
为了区分直流设备正极对外壳故障或是正极接触轨对地故障, ${64}\mathrm{D}$ 保护相较框架保护延时 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;s}$ 动作。 当 64D 装置检测到故障电流达到预警值时, 发出预警信号, 通过差异电流传感器、反时限跳闸曲线及逻辑判断, 电流差值最大回路跳闸, 切除故障, 保证系统选择性。
现工程实际应用 2 年以上, 系统识别并切除故障时间 ${200}\mathrm{\;{ms}}$ 以内,故障识别范围精确到 1 个区段。
悬挂式单轨交通直流系统为保障设备及乘客安全, 需要设置接地漏电保护。常规判断电压型 64D 保护装置无法实现选择性, 故障范围扩大, 难以满足工程化应用。区段电流型 64D 保护装置, 依靠差异电流组件对电流方向分析、基尔霍夫定律电流差值监测、逻辑判断定位故障区段、反时限曲线迅速切除故障, 有效解决保护选择性问题,不影响其他区段正常供电,对保障悬挂式单轨交通安全运营具有重要意义。
基于对 64D 保护和框架保护在保护对象、保护范围、保护类型及动作时限分析可知, 两种保护不冲突, 可以同时使用。在实际工程应用中, 通过反时限曲线、 差异电流组件、逻辑判断、各保护系统间动作延时措施, 进一步优化各保护间的协调配合, 现工程实际应用 2 年以上, 基于保护配合, 未发生正线接地漏电故障引起变电所框架保护动作。经实践应用, 保护功能效果良好, 可为同类工程提供借鉴。
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.017
  • 接收时间:2024-04-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-11
  • 修回日期:2024-07-06
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    上海市隧道工程轨道交通设计研究院 上海 200235
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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