Article(id=1149729528840368499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524688007450, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711468800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-27, revisedDate=1716480000000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752046480617, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1743436800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752046480617, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752046480617, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752046480617, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149729524688007450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2025', volume='38', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='177', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752046479627, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780095764, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000837835870332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524688007450, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000837835870333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524688007450, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=140, endPage=146, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149729529146552703, articleId=1149729528840368499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Key Method for Automatic Generation of Acceptance Test Sequences in Urban Rail Transit Signal System, columnId=1152669334582243706, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper addresses the challenges in onsite engineering acceptance testing of urban rail transit signaling systems in China, which currently face issues such as singlemethod approaches, lengthy cycle times, low efficiency, high costs, and heavy workloads. A method for automatic generation of onsite engineering acceptance test sequences is proposed. The methodology involves three main steps: First, analyzing the constraints of interconnection test case sets for urban rail signal systems; second, dividing the line into independent test sections; and third, converting line characteristics into computerrecognizable formal language to enhance editing efficiency and humancomputer interaction. The proposed method employs an “auxiliary generation tool" to automatically generate fieldexecutable engineering acceptance test sequences. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through tests on actual railway lines. Results demonstrate that test sequences designed using formal language meet engineering acceptance requirements, achieve 100% coverage of interconnection test cases, and significantly reduce field testing time while improving efficiency compared to traditional manual test sequence design methods.

, correspAuthors=Rui ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Rui ZHANG, Xinyue SI, Chengzhi WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149729555885241059, articleId=1149729528840368499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=城市轨道交通信号系统测试序列自动生成方法研究, columnId=1152669334955536763, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=机电工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对目前国内城市轨道交通信号系统现场工程验收测试方法单一、周期长、效率低、成本高、任务重和工作量大等问题,研究一种适用于现场工程验收测试序列自动生成的方法。首先分析城轨信号系统互联互通测试案例集约束条件,将线路划分成若干独立测试区段;其次将线路特征量转化为计算机能够识别的形式化语言,提高编辑效率和人机交互体验;然后应用辅助生成工具自动生成若干条现场可执行的工程验收测试序列;最后选取真实线路作为测试对象,验证工程验收测试效率。研究表明:相较于传统的人工设计测试序列的方法,通过形式化语言设计的测试序列,满足工程验收要求,覆盖互联互通测试案例,能够缩短现场测试时间,提高测试效率。

, correspAuthors=张锐, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=et9pp2XRO8pyT7N4WSar6A==, magXml=3OcZKJrLkqNKiYVMLub+GA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=wzyFrhwpRmyyAZFfcfRxcw==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Tv6meYeVnkMEjpv0bZIqOg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张锐,男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为轨道交通信号控制、工程设计,

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城市轨道交通信号系统测试序列自动生成方法研究
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张锐 1, 2 , 司鑫悅 1, 3 , 王成志 4
都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2025,38(2): 140-146
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都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2025, 38(2): 140-146
城市轨道交通信号系统测试序列自动生成方法研究
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张锐1, 2 , 司鑫悅1, 3, 王成志4
作者信息
  • 1 兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通信号与控制评测行业技术中心 兰州 730070
  • 2 甘肃众一合技术有限公司 兰州 730070
  • 3 铁科院(北京)工程咨询有限公司 北京 100081
  • 4 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 济南设计院 济南 250022
  • 张锐,男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为轨道交通信号控制、工程设计,

Key Method for Automatic Generation of Acceptance Test Sequences in Urban Rail Transit Signal System
Rui ZHANG1, 2 , Xinyue SI1, 3, Chengzhi WANG4
Affiliations
  • 1 Gansu Industry Technology Center of Evaluation and Testing of Rail Transportation Signal and Control Lanzhou 730070
  • 2 Gansu Zhongyihe Technology Co., Ltd. Lanzhou 730070
  • 3 China Academy of Railway Sciences (Beijing) Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. Beijing 100081
  • 4 Jinan Design Institute China Railway Engineering Design Consulting Group Co., Ltd. Jinan 250022
出版时间: 2025-04-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.020
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针对目前国内城市轨道交通信号系统现场工程验收测试方法单一、周期长、效率低、成本高、任务重和工作量大等问题,研究一种适用于现场工程验收测试序列自动生成的方法。首先分析城轨信号系统互联互通测试案例集约束条件,将线路划分成若干独立测试区段;其次将线路特征量转化为计算机能够识别的形式化语言,提高编辑效率和人机交互体验;然后应用辅助生成工具自动生成若干条现场可执行的工程验收测试序列;最后选取真实线路作为测试对象,验证工程验收测试效率。研究表明:相较于传统的人工设计测试序列的方法,通过形式化语言设计的测试序列,满足工程验收要求,覆盖互联互通测试案例,能够缩短现场测试时间,提高测试效率。

城市轨道交通  /  信号系统  /  CBTC  /  互联互通  /  工程测试  /  形式化语言  /  测试顺序

This paper addresses the challenges in onsite engineering acceptance testing of urban rail transit signaling systems in China, which currently face issues such as singlemethod approaches, lengthy cycle times, low efficiency, high costs, and heavy workloads. A method for automatic generation of onsite engineering acceptance test sequences is proposed. The methodology involves three main steps: First, analyzing the constraints of interconnection test case sets for urban rail signal systems; second, dividing the line into independent test sections; and third, converting line characteristics into computerrecognizable formal language to enhance editing efficiency and humancomputer interaction. The proposed method employs an “auxiliary generation tool" to automatically generate fieldexecutable engineering acceptance test sequences. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through tests on actual railway lines. Results demonstrate that test sequences designed using formal language meet engineering acceptance requirements, achieve 100% coverage of interconnection test cases, and significantly reduce field testing time while improving efficiency compared to traditional manual test sequence design methods.

urban rail transit  /  signal system  /  communication based train control  /  interconnection and interoperability  /  engineering test  /  formal methods  /  test sequence
张锐, 司鑫悅, 王成志. 城市轨道交通信号系统测试序列自动生成方法研究. 都市快轨交通, 2025 , 38 (2) : 140 -146 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.020
Rui ZHANG, Xinyue SI, Chengzhi WANG. Key Method for Automatic Generation of Acceptance Test Sequences in Urban Rail Transit Signal System[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2025 , 38 (2) : 140 -146 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.020
在 CBTC 信号系统投入使用前对其进行充分的工程测试, 确保运营安全是非常必要的。
国外学者较早开展了相关领域的研究。针对城轨列控系统欧盟于 2012 年制定了欧洲铁路运输管理系统 (European Railway Transportation Management System, ERTMS)和欧洲列车控制系统(European Train Control System, ETCS)测试规范, 主要分为面向代码的白盒测试与面向功能的黑盒测试; DAI 等 [ 1 ] 利用节点分支差分进化算法(NBAr-DE)对测试案例进行优化, 设计了一种测试用例自动生成软件工具(ATCG), 显著减少了冗余测试用例的数量; SONG 等 [ 2 ] 将随机 Petri 网(SPN) 应用于城轨信号系统评估中, 通过形式化方式研究了车车通信的可靠性和可用性; 以上研究主要针对执行欧盟标准的轨道交通信号系统制式。
国内针对高速铁路列控系统的测试研究较多, 而面向城轨 CBTC 的工程测试尚未成熟, 未得到大规模应用。中国城市轨道交通协会联合国内行业企业于 2018 年发布了多项 CBTC 互联互通测试规范, 为行业的健康发展提供了有效保障 [ 3 - 5 ] ; 燕飞等 [ 6 ] 对国产 CBTC 系统的安全认证模式进行研究, 探索了相关的新体系构建理论; 宋爽等 [ 7 ] 提出了一种利用时间自动机在区域控制器(zone controller, ZC)子系统测试中的应用方法; 赵天时等 [ 8 ] 采用有色 Petri 网模型,通过搜索目标的状态路径, 实现测试用例的自动生成, 并成功应用于高铁 CTCS-3(Chinese train control system 3)信号系统。以上研究方向都侧重于单项设备、高铁列车运行控制信号系统和系统级功能测试, 并未对面向城轨信号现场工程验收的测试进行过多说明, 特别是针对互联互通 CBTC 制式的研究还有很多不足。
目前, CBTC 工程验收测试仍然采用人工编辑的方式进行 [ 9 - 10 ] ,由于现场环境复杂,测试时与其他作业任务同时或交错开展, 测试时间紧张、工作量大, 导致整体测试成本高、效率低、不充分。
依据 2022 年交通运输部修订并发布的《城市轨道交通初期运营前安全评估管理暂行办法》, 城市轨道交通正式运营前需要对系统进行充分的安全性及功能性测试 [ 11 ] 。CBTC 工程验收测试的工作主要包括子系统测试、集成测试及现场测试 [ 12 ] 。本文重点讨论现场测试环节, 主要存在以下几点不足:
1)测试案例繁多。主要靠人工进行现场测试序列的编排,完全依赖人员经验,而且前期编制工作繁杂, 对人员的技术要求高; 同时由于人为的不确定性, 导致出现重测或者漏测的现象, 系统完备性测试难以保证。
2)存在 “空跑” 现象。现场测试时, 由于系统需要频繁进行状态的转换, 经常出现前一个测试案例完成后,系统的状态不满足测试下一个案例的状态,需要列车在线路上运行一段距离完成状态的转变, 造成列车在线路上不执行测试任务而“空跑”。
3)测试效率较低。与其他专业接口较多, 前期未充分考虑现场线路实际情况, 工程测试时需要多部门协调, 导致列车跑完一圈能测到的测试案例极少, 测试周期长。
4)测试方法和标准不统一。城市轨道交通运营单位主要依靠各设备厂家自己主导进行工程测试, 均采用各自的测试方法,业内还未形成统一的标准化流程。
城轨信号系统现场验收测试主要涉及互联互通规范、功能特征、测试案例及测试序列的概念, 其基本概念关系如图1所示。
1)互联互通规范:指中国轨道交通协会 2018 年颁布的《城市轨道交通 基于通信的列车运行控制系统 (CBTC)互联互通测试规范》, 详见参考文献[ 3 - 5 ]。
2)功能特征: 依据互联互通规范将各项具体功能细化、提炼, 整理出系统最底层的必要功能特征, 该功能特征是系统需求的最小单元。
3)测试案例: 针对每个功能特征进行处理、整合, 编制出一个或多个测试案例, 形成测试案例集。一个测试案例可以被执行多次。有效的测试案例集能够完整并且准确地覆盖规范中的每项功能。
4)测试序列: 将具有相关性的某些测试案例按照列车运行或者列车状态转变的先后顺序进行排列, 形成顺序集合体。好的测试序列能够将各个测试案例有序高效地串联起来, 减少现场 “跑圈” 次数, 顺利指导现场作业,有效避免因测试工作失误引发的事故 [ 13 - 14 ]
针对现场非模式转换的测试, 提出基于形式化语言描述的研究方法。
现场许多客观因素均制约着测试案例的有效执行, 例如测试列车在运行过程中状态是多种多样的(运行状态、停止状态、联锁级别下人工模式、点式级别下自动模式、CBTC 级别下编码模式、定位丢失状态和自动开关门状态等), 该测试列车在开始执行一个测试案例之前的列车状态与执行完这个测试案例之后的列车状态会对测试案例的执行产生影响。
通过分析测试案例集的内容, 统计归纳出以下 7 大类测试案例执行约束条件:线路约束条件 Route_ Constraint、信号机状态约束条件 Singnal_Constraint、 执行区域约束条件 Area_Constraint、执行次数约束条件 TestcaseNum_ Constraint、列车状态约束条件 TrainState_Constraint、站台类型约束条件 Station_ Type_Constraint 和设备故障约束条件 Device_Fault_ Constraint 等, 并用计算机形式化语言进行编译, 方便计算机识别。
通过计算机形式化语言进行测试案例编译, 例如 “列车在区间通过两个连续应答器后完成定位, 处于 CBTC 控制模式, 线路直行, 无道岔, 无站台” 测试案例的表达式为
$ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \text{ Num_Ba_FB+Num_Ba_VB+Num_Ba_IB+} \\ \text{ Num_Ba_LDR+Num_Ba_UB } > 2; \\ \text{ Area_Type = 0x55;TestcaseNum_Type = 0x33; } \\ \text{ Statean_Type = 0x55;TestcaseNum_Type = 0x33; } \\ \text{ Station_Type = 0;Device_Fault = 0; } \\ \text{ Case_Type = 0x33;Si_Color = 0x22; } \end{array}\right. $
为了更好地找到测试案例适合的执行位置, 需要根据 3.1 小节描述的约束条件对现场工程线路进行划分, 把实际列车运行线路分割成若干个相对独立的虚拟区段。按照不同位置的特点, 一般划分测试区段遵循以下几点原则 [ 15 ] :
1)必须覆盖测试案例所能验证的最小功能特征。 例如, 确定列车停站位置需要在有站台的线路附近进行测试; 闯红灯防护需要在有信号机的线路附近进行测试; 道岔防护需要在有道岔的钢轨线路附近进行测试等。
2)测试区段的长度应适中。考虑测试人员测试完成一个测试案例之后的比对与记录需要一定时间, 同时兼顾测试效率,故测试区段的长度不宜过长或过短。
3)分界的标志物应能明显区分。划分测试区段时最好有实体的标志参考物, 使测试人员能够观察到测试区段的界限,能够极大地方便现场测试工作的开展。
4)测试区段应能被实时监控。测试区段的空闲与占用能在列车自动监控系统(automatic train supervision, ATS)界面显示, 进行现场测试时, 便于控制中心对现场测试的指挥与管理。
根据真实工程线路划分的各个测试区段有长有短, 涉及的测试案例也各不相同, 故针对每一个具体的独立虚拟区段, 都需要一对一地进行特征提取; 一个测试区段可能包含一个或多个特征;同时, 以上提取的特征量应该与 3.1 小节所提及的约束条件保持一致, 否则计算机无法识别相应的特征,其关系如图2所示。
完成以上 3.2、3.3 小节的工作后, 可以明确地知道真实线路中某一个具体的独立测试区段的起点、终点和特征量, 通过形式化语言处理后, 能够按照数学逻辑编辑出一组具体的 “约束条件关系表达式”。例如编号为 100 的测试区段, 段内有 3 个固定应答器、 1 架车站信号机、 4 套计轴器、执行区域属于区间, 其表达式为
$ \begin{array}{l} \text{ Test_Segment_Name = 100; }\left\{ \begin{array}{l} \text{ Num_Si_Station = 1; } \\ \text{ Num_Ba_FB = 3; } \\ \text{ Num_Ba_VB = 0; } \\ \text{ Num_Ba_IB=0; } \\ \text{ Num_Ba_IB=0; } \\ \text{ Num_Ba_VB=0; } \\ \text{ Num_Ba_VB=0; } \\ \text{ Num_Ba_VB=0; } \\ \text{ Num_Ba_VB=0; } \\ \text{ Num_Su = 0; } \\ \text{ Num_Sw = 0; } \\ \text{ Num_Sw = 0; } \\ \text{ Num_Sp = 0; } \\ \end{array}\right. \end{array} $
Num $\mathrm{{Tc}} = 0$ ;
Num $\operatorname{Tr} = 0$ ;
Num $\mathrm{{Zc}} = 0$ ;
Num_Po_Station $= 0$ ;
Num_Po_Depot $= 0$ ;
Num_Po_Section = 0;
将该表达式与 3.1 小节生成的与互联互通规范对应的 “测试案例表达式” 进行一一匹配, 即测试区段与测试案例的匹配。
测试案例执行次数作为关键变量, 在设计匹配逻辑时, 其影响了测试案例匹配的测试区段的数量, 将 “全线仅执行一次”“每个集中区执行一次”“全部满足条件的区域执行一次” 3 种情况全部涵盖, 对测试案例及测试区段进行遍历, 采用穷举遍历运算的方法, 即每条表达式一一核对; 最终可以为每个测试案例找到其全部对应的执行区段 [ 16 ] ,具体的匹配算法流程如图3所示。
经过匹配算法运算, 测试案例已全部分配至相应的测试区段,一个测试区段内可以包含多个测试案例, 一个测试案例也可能需要执行多个测试区段, 如图4所示。最后的工作是将其按照一定的规则串联成若干条可执行的测试序列。
串联的基本原则:①依据列车运行等级(IL 级、ITC 级、CBTC 级)划分测试案例;②串联时遵循同级优先; ③每条测试序列的长度不宜超过 10 个测试案例;④先遍历 IL 级, 再遍历 ITC 级, 最后遍历 CBTC 级; ⑤优先串联测试案例可在一个测试区段完成的情况;⑥部分测试案例贯穿多个测试区段需要同步考虑, 例如轨道电路、应答器等,均优先放置在全线(All_Line_ Constraint)执行区域进行测试; ⑦测试序列顺序应按照可连续性运行进行排列; ⑧当一个测试案例需要跨越多个测试区段时, 优先串联相邻的测试区段。
系统首先分析执行约束条件, 其次根据线路划分测试区段, 然后提取对应测试区段特征,并将测试列车及测试案例集转化成计算机能够识别的形式化语言, 最后根据匹配算法将测试案例集自动编辑出现场可执行的测试序列。通过上述步骤, 系统就自动完成了测试序列的编译, 整体运行流程框架如图5所示。
通过计算机技术完成测试案例的可视化, 利用 Microsoft SQL Server(关系型数据库管理系统, 即数据库平台)导入测试案例集, 对于不同的测试对象和测试区段可采用批量设置或者配置数据修改的方式完成案例的更新, 单个测试案例可以导出为可扩展标记语言 (extensible markup language, XML)格式, 方便显示、 移植和修改,如图6所示。
本文基于 Visual Studio 2010, 采用 C++语言编写 CBTC 工程验收测试序列辅助生成工具, 整体设计包括数据存储层、数据访问层、应用层和表示层 4 个层级, 能够完成数据的分析和处理, 表示层具有良好的人机交互界面,方便人员查看、管理和操作,部分交互界面如图7所示。
该工具具备 “测试报告” Excel 表格输出功能, 包含测试人、测试序列、开始时间、结束时间和测试时间以及完成情况等内容, 如图8所示。
选取呼和浩特市城市轨道交通 2 号线部分线路作为测试线路, 如图9所示。
划分测试区段 10 个, 测试案例集 37 个, 按照传统的人工编排方式, 共需设计 24 条测试序列, 即测试列车需要在图8显示的测试线路上运行 24 圈。 按照本文提出的工程验收测试序列自动生成方法, 通过辅助生成工具, 共编排了非模式转换测试序列 8 条, 如图10所示, 整体工程验收测试效率提高了 66% 以上。按照标准现场安全评估测试步骤进行分析, 案例均能够自动执行, 涵盖各项测试点, 且均符合设计规范要求。
选取互联互通示范线重庆地铁 10 号线的鹿山、悦来和 T3 3 座车站所管辖区域作为测试对象, 采用中国铁道科学研究院通信信号研究所 CBTC 信号系统制式, 具体包含轨道区段 170 段、折返区域 20 条、应答器数量 322 台、信号机数量 81 架、车挡 5 个、区域控制器 ZC 3 套、车站联锁 CI 3 套、ATS 1 套(部分)等设备, 设计的 T3 航站楼站 ATS 测试监控界面如图11所示。
根据本文第 2 节的步骤,经过分析,将测试线路划分为 113 个测试区段, 并按照互联互通规范编写测试案例共计 305 个, 原人工设计测试序列需要花费 1 周时间,共生成 108 条;通过 CBTC 测试序列辅助生成工具的自动运算, 最终生成非模式转换测试序列 65 条, 效率提高了 39%,按照标准现场安全评估测试步骤进行分析, 案例均能够进行自动执行, 涵盖各项测试点, 且均符合设计规范要求。在兰州交通大学轨道交通信号测试实验室的 “CBTC 测试平台” 上经人工逐条测试验证, 均可执行, 满足现场验收需求, 并缩短生成时间至 $2\mathrm{\;d}$ 内。
本文介绍了基于形式化语言描述实现测试序列自动生成的整体思路和编排逻辑, 利用 VS 计算机技术编写和设计了一种专用的计算机辅助生成工具, 为现场工程验收工作提供了技术支撑。选取了呼和浩特市城市轨道交通 2 号线和重庆地铁 10 号线中的一段真实线路, 验证了该关键方法的可行性, 充分论证了测试序列的可执行率,为后期工程应用提供了借鉴。
  • 国家自然科学基金(U2268206)
  • 甘肃省科技计划项目(22CX3GA059)
  • 甘肃省重点人才项目(2022RCXM014)
  • 兰州市科技计划项目(2024-8-49)
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2025年第38卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.020
  • 接收时间:2024-03-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27
  • 修回日期:2024-05-24
基金
国家自然科学基金(U2268206)
甘肃省科技计划项目(22CX3GA059)
甘肃省重点人才项目(2022RCXM014)
兰州市科技计划项目(2024-8-49)
作者信息
    1 兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通信号与控制评测行业技术中心 兰州 730070
    2 甘肃众一合技术有限公司 兰州 730070
    3 铁科院(北京)工程咨询有限公司 北京 100081
    4 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 济南设计院 济南 250022
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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