Article(id=1149729526462202327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524209861062, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.01.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712419200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-07, revisedDate=1719936000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752046480050, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752046480050, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752046480050, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752046480050, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149729524209861062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2025', volume='38', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752046479512, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780104827, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000875844653181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524209861062, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000875844653182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524209861062, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=136, endPage=141, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149729526671917530, articleId=1149729526462202327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Research on the Key Technologies of Rectangular Pipe Jacking Shell Abandonment Reception in Water-Rich Soft Soil Areas, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issue of not being able to provide an opencut receiving well at the receiving end of rectangular pipe jacking, this study analyzes the soil prereinforcement scheme used in the construction of rectangular pipejacking reception. It explores the appropriate structural type for the castinplace section of the abandoned shell and proposes a waterproofing scheme between the castinplace section of the abandoned shell, the precast pipe joints, and the hidden beams and columns of the station. t This study is based on the new entrance project of Jingjiang Road Station on Tianjin Metro Line 2. The processes, including the shutdown of the pipe jacking machine and grouting, are also optimized. Practical results show that the proposed scheme ensures the safe construction of the abandoned shell reception, with monitoring data indicating a maximum surface settlement of 12.12 mm. The key technology proposed in this paper are highly feasible and effective, offering a new design approach for similar projects, such as abandoned shell reception, where construction site limitations exist.

, correspAuthors=Yuhua ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuhua ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149729549514096950, articleId=1149729526462202327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=富水软土地区矩形顶管弃壳接收关键技术研究, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决矩形顶管在接收端无法设置明挖接收井的问题,结合天津地铁2号线既有运营站靖江路站新增B出入口工程,分析矩形顶管弃壳接收施工中的土体预加固方案,研究合理的弃壳现浇段的结构型式,提出弃壳现浇段与预制管节及车站暗梁暗柱间的防水方案,优化顶管机停机、注浆等细部工序。经实践验证:该方案可确保弃壳接收的施工安全,监测数据表明地表最大沉降为12.12mm。本文提出的关键技术具有较强的可实施性,并且效果良好,为受施工场地限制而需要弃壳接收等类似工程提供新的设计思路。

, correspAuthors=张玉华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=xQ5tGtfWqrB+InL8d6/6Nw==, magXml=szdbSZc5whLAOZslDOCcWQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=fpfeHp+RzNDpRTPV9l/VyQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=wcNfIuXhDnrH+GMWXOM8HA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张玉华,男,硕士,工程师,主要从事轨道交通地下结构设计工作,

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张玉华,男,硕士,工程师,主要从事轨道交通地下结构设计工作,

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张玉华,男,硕士,工程师,主要从事轨道交通地下结构设计工作,

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China building waterproofing, 2023(3): 47-51., articleTitle=Waterproofing design for the pipe-jacking well of cable works constructed by sequential open excavation in water-rich sand layer, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154051006137618704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729526462202327, awardId=2023 城交科研 004号, language=CN, fundingSource=中国铁路设计集团有限公司课题(2023 城交科研 004号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154051001276420234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729526462202327, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154051001280614540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729526462202327, companyId=1154051001276420234, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=China Railway Design Group Co., Ltd. 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富水软土地区矩形顶管弃壳接收关键技术研究
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张玉华
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2025,38(1): 136-141
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2025, 38(1): 136-141
富水软土地区矩形顶管弃壳接收关键技术研究
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张玉华
作者信息
  • 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 天津 300142
  • 张玉华,男,硕士,工程师,主要从事轨道交通地下结构设计工作,

Research on the Key Technologies of Rectangular Pipe Jacking Shell Abandonment Reception in Water-Rich Soft Soil Areas
Yuhua ZHANG
Affiliations
  • China Railway Design Group Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300142
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.01.018
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为解决矩形顶管在接收端无法设置明挖接收井的问题,结合天津地铁2号线既有运营站靖江路站新增B出入口工程,分析矩形顶管弃壳接收施工中的土体预加固方案,研究合理的弃壳现浇段的结构型式,提出弃壳现浇段与预制管节及车站暗梁暗柱间的防水方案,优化顶管机停机、注浆等细部工序。经实践验证:该方案可确保弃壳接收的施工安全,监测数据表明地表最大沉降为12.12mm。本文提出的关键技术具有较强的可实施性,并且效果良好,为受施工场地限制而需要弃壳接收等类似工程提供新的设计思路。

城市轨道交通  /  矩形顶管  /  弃壳接收  /  防水

To address the issue of not being able to provide an opencut receiving well at the receiving end of rectangular pipe jacking, this study analyzes the soil prereinforcement scheme used in the construction of rectangular pipejacking reception. It explores the appropriate structural type for the castinplace section of the abandoned shell and proposes a waterproofing scheme between the castinplace section of the abandoned shell, the precast pipe joints, and the hidden beams and columns of the station. t This study is based on the new entrance project of Jingjiang Road Station on Tianjin Metro Line 2. The processes, including the shutdown of the pipe jacking machine and grouting, are also optimized. Practical results show that the proposed scheme ensures the safe construction of the abandoned shell reception, with monitoring data indicating a maximum surface settlement of 12.12 mm. The key technology proposed in this paper are highly feasible and effective, offering a new design approach for similar projects, such as abandoned shell reception, where construction site limitations exist.

urban rail transit  /  rectangular pipe jacking  /  abandonment of shell reception  /  waterproofing
张玉华. 富水软土地区矩形顶管弃壳接收关键技术研究. 都市快轨交通, 2025 , 38 (1) : 136 -141 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.01.018
Yuhua ZHANG. Research on the Key Technologies of Rectangular Pipe Jacking Shell Abandonment Reception in Water-Rich Soft Soil Areas[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2025 , 38 (1) : 136 -141 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.01.018
由于天津市地处渤海湾地区, 为典型的冲、洪积平原地形, 属于陆海相交互沉积软弱地层, 地下水埋藏较浅, 增加地铁过街通道时, 不适合采用 “浅埋暗挖法”, 如采用传统明挖法施工, 则需要中断交通、迁改大量市政管线, 社会影响极大。在尽量减少开挖路面的前提下, 传统明挖法施工技术越来越无法满足社会的需求, 取而代之的是飞速发展的非开挖技术, 其中就包括矩形顶管技术 [ 1 - 3 ] 。矩形顶管具有空间利用大、对周边环境影响小等优点 [ 4 ] ,可以做到开挖与支护同步进行, 极大降低因土方开挖对地表及地下管线的扰动 [ 5 ] ,且其尺寸和功能匹配强等优势,在地下工程中得到越来越广泛的关注和应用 [ 6 ] 。而顶管施工常规接收方案有常规接收井和弃壳接收 2 种。受限于施工空间或工期等因素, 存在无法设置明挖接收井情形, 因此需研究顶管弃壳接收工艺。唐文[ 7 ]通过实例对弃壳接收的施工参数进行了详细阐述;龙智斌 [ 8 ] 以广州白云国际机场某交通疏解配套人行隧道工程施工为例, 采用水平冻结及顶管隧道帷幕注浆加固技术, 成功实施了富水砂质地层中的顶管弃壳接收;吴飞翔 [ 9 ] 以上海轨道交通 18 号线下盐路站出入口为例, 分析了弃壳后狭小空间下的混凝土浇筑关键技术;叶胜 [ 10 ] 以白云机场 T1 航站楼 D 出入口过街人行隧道为例, 重点研究了加固方式、顶管机拆解顺序及现浇混凝土等;冉隆波 [ 8 ] 以北京地铁昌平线南延学清路站一六道口站区间下穿既有地铁 15 号线六道口站段主体结构接收为例, 分析了盾构弃壳接收中的土层加固机机壳承载力。但上述研究均未对顶管机多次停机详细过程、防水方案的衔接、现浇段与车站及顶管预制管节的连接进行详细描述。
本文以既有运营的天津地铁 2 号线靖江路站新增 $\mathrm{B}$ 出入口工程为例,通过数值计算和监测数据分析, 提出了包括顶管停机步序、防水衔接、弃壳段内现浇等成套弃壳接收方案。首次在天津采用顶管弃壳接收技术, 成功解决了周边环境复杂条件下顶管受限于施工场地接收空间不足的问题, 为类似工程提供参考。
天津地铁 2 号线靖江路站位于天津市河东区卫国道南侧地下,靠近靖江路东侧,地下 2 层站,与 5 号线节点换乘。B 出入口为车站新增出入口,呈 “L” 型布置, 为混凝土框架结构, 下穿卫国道部分采用顶管法施工, 在道路南侧设置始发井及爬升段, 始发井与出入口爬升段采用明挖法施工, 道路北侧邻近车站位置进行弃壳接收,如 图 1 所示。顶管段采用宽 6.9 m、 高 4.2 m、厚 0.45 m 的预制管节,管节采用 C50 混凝土, 管节与管节之间为承插口柔性连接, 管节之间设置楔形橡胶条、三元乙丙橡胶、接水盒 3 道防水, 充分确保防水效果。沿管节环向分别在承口处和管节中部设置 DN 25 和 DN 50 钢管, 分别用于推进中减摩压注泥浆和推进完成后固结置换注浆。本文主要研究 B 出入口顶管法弃壳接收部分。车站周边环境复杂, 过街通道设置于城市繁华地段, 周边建(构)筑物密集, 人流车流量大, 市政管线分布较多, 已运营车站不具备站内接收条件。
Figture 1 Port B pipe jacking channel plane
天津地铁 2 号线靖江路站增设出入口工程范围地貌单元为海积-冲积滨海平原, 现场地形较平坦, 地势开阔, 地基土按成因年代分层包括杂填土、粉质黏土、 粉土、淤泥质土、粉砂,其中以粉质黏土居多,掘进地层为粉质黏土。矩形顶管顶部覆土厚度约为 5.4~ ${6.3}\mathrm{\;m}$
工程表层地下水类型为第四系孔隙潜水, 地下水埋藏较浅, 在勘测期间发现地下水初见水位不明显, 地下水稳定水位埋深 ${1.15}\sim {2.00}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。丰水期水位上升, 枯水期水位下降,水位多年变化平均值约 ${0.8}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。主要含水介质颗粒较细, 水力坡度小, 地下水径流十分缓慢, 排泄方式主要有蒸发、人工开采和下渗补给下部承压水。工程区域的承压水主要接受上层潜水的渗透补给, 与上层潜水水力联系紧密, 排泄以相对含水层中的径流形式为主,同时以渗透方式补给深层地下水, 承压水水位受季节影响较小,其稳定水位埋深为 ${2.0}\sim$ 2.6m。
传统接收方案往往需要在接收端设置明挖工作井,用于顶管机接收 [ 11 - 13 ] 。本工程因为无法占用卫国道, 采用弃壳接收方案。而具体的接收井加固方案可能会因施工条件、土壤特性和工程要求而有所不同。 比如: 钟健等[ 14 ]、梅君等[ 15 ]、何伟等[ 16 ]对加固范围和型式进行了相关研究。天津软土地区土质结构较松散, 具有高灵敏度、低强度等特点, 极易发生蠕动和扰动, 工程地质性质差, 且地下水潜水埋深浅、承压水水头高, 在动水压力差的作用下易产生渗流、液化、流砂和突涌等不良地质现象。因此, 弃壳接收范围内采用 $\phi$ 2000@1 400 MJS 大直径旋喷桩进行加固,加固范围为顶管隧道上下左右各 $3\mathrm{\;m}$ 宽,沿顶进方向加固长度为 $4\mathrm{\;m}$ ,渗透系数 $\leq {10}^{-7}\mathrm{\;{cm}}/\mathrm{s},\;{28}\mathrm{\;d}$ 无侧限抗压强度 ${\mathrm{q}}_{\mathrm{u}}\geq {1.0}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,水泥掺量不小于 ${20}\%$ 。采用弃壳接收方案约可节约投资 200 万元,节约管线切改及明挖工期约 2 个月。
本文弃壳现浇段的设计方案与常规方法有所不同。 因采用弃壳接收, 顶管机壳保留在隧道中, 作为施工阶段临时初支,承受水土压力荷载。考虑到顶管机壳内部纵横肋板密集, 割除难度大、时间长, 故充分利用既有壳体的环向肋板, 在现浇段中与结构外侧钢筋焊接, 其余肋板一律割除。此外, 在现浇段内侧无环向肋板阻隔的地方架设纵向贯通钢筋。顶管机壳仅作为施工阶段初支结构, 不参与后期结构受力。弃壳现浇段的结构体系如 图 2 所示。
与传统预制管节与结构洞门处后浇圈梁的连接不同,本文中弃壳现浇段与预制管节间的防水设计和管节与管节间的防水较为相似, 具体如 图 3 所示。结合机壳后筒环板,现浇段与预制管节之间采用柔性连接, 在机壳与管节承插口处依次设置楔形橡胶条和钢环, 在机壳后筒环板与首节管节的断面连接处, 自上而下分别设置膨胀橡胶、弹性橡胶密封垫以及双组分聚硫密封胶进行嵌缝处理, 共同组成现浇段与预制管节间的防水结构。
弃壳现浇段与车站洞门处的防水结构主要由钢板和预埋注浆管组成。车站洞门处未预留通道接入条件, 凿除洞门后设置加强暗梁暗柱与顶管管节顺接, 车站洞门尺寸小于顶管机,需在车站外的地连墙上破除略大于顶管机壳的洞门, 地墙破拆范围为顶管机外轮廓增加 ${30}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。并在洞门周圈设置 $\mathrm{L}$ 型钢板待顶管机到达指定位置后,将 $\mathrm{L}$ 型钢板与顶管机壳快速焊接,形成封闭止水,然后通过预埋注浆管灌注水泥浆。整体来说, 加强暗梁中的预埋注浆管、钢板与机壳焊接组成的结构能够实现良好的快速止水效果, 确保弃壳现浇段与车站洞门处的正常施工要求。弃壳现浇段与车站洞门处的防水结构如 图 4 所示。
考虑既有车站建成多年,天津地下水潜水埋深浅、 承压水水头高, 结构侧墙与地下连续墙之间缝隙会随地下水位上升、缝隙渗漏产生较多地下水,为防止破除洞门时, 地下水涌入车站内部, 确保轨行区安全, 结构侧墙破除洞门前,提前在侧墙上间隔 $1\mathrm{\;m}$ 钻孔设置 DN50 带球阀的孔口器, 在侧墙与地下连续墙之间缝隙注入丙烯酸盐, 沿洞门周圈形成封闭止水; 并在车站内设置钢筋混凝土明洞, 以防洞门破除时的涌水涌泥等风险,现场效果良好。
采用传统接收井方案进行顶管法施工时, 顶管机会在主刀盘刀尖顶至接收工作井围护结构处和顶管机到达指定位置处进行 2 次停机。本文采用弃壳接收方案, 结合靖江路站既有结构, 对施工工序进行细化, 确保施工过程安全流畅、最终顺利达到设计要求位置, 共采用 3 次停机。主要流程为: 第 1 次停机 $\rightarrow$ 刀盘刀尖顶进至地连墙、停机压注浓泥封水 $\rightarrow$ 破除地墙、割除主筋 $\rightarrow$ 第 1 次复推 $\rightarrow$ 第 2 次停机 $\rightarrow$ 刀盘顶进至车站洞门暗梁暗柱、拆除螺旋机、拆除刀盘 $\rightarrow$ 第 2 次复推 $\rightarrow$ 第 3 次停机→顶管机壳搭接到地连墙、双液浆固结注浆 $\rightarrow$ 焊接预埋钢环与顶管机壳 $\rightarrow$ 结构现浇、隧道贯通。
第 1 次停机位置为顶管机主刀盘刀尖顶至地连墙外侧,壳体距离地连墙 ${1050}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,如 图 5 所示。顶管机第 1 次停机后, 采用 3 种措施确保破除地连墙前无涌水风险。第一, 通过中、后筒机壳预留孔洞持续注入浓泥, 进行顶管环缝径向止水, 防止管节径向来水; 第二,实时通过明洞预留人孔观察掌子面,有无渗漏水; 第三,通过探水孔观察土仓有无存水。
完成停机封水后,人工破除地连墙、自上而下割除地连墙主筋, 并破除剩余保护层及松散加固体, 随后将侧面临时墙人孔进行封闭,正面人孔保留。通道内每日要进行触变泥浆注入, 防止管片与土体抱死, 避免再次顶进顶力过大。最后进行第 1 次复推, 将顶管机壳体搭接在地连墙范围内。
第 2 次停机位置为主刀盘辐条距离新建暗梁 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 处, 如 图 6 所示。顶进到位后利用浓泥对顶管机和临近加固区顶管管片进行径向注入, 形成止水环, 防止顶管区域发生渗漏水。
停机后, 利用螺旋机持续出土, 无法正常出土后, 将螺旋机进行拆解, 随后打开胸板人孔, 作业人员由人孔进入, 通过螺旋机孔进行清渣。清渣完成后, 作业人员通过站内预留人孔进入,拆除刀盘辐条。所有操作完成后进行第 2 次复推, 将更多的壳体搭接在地连墙范围内。
第 3 次停机位置为最终停机位置, 如 图 7 所示。 顶进到位后立刻对顶管机和顶管管片径向注入双液浆, 形成止水环, 然后清理土仓剩余渣土, 同时封模进行壳体与地墙间隙灌浆, 用钢板将顶管机与地连墙中埋设的钢环焊接。灌浆全部完成后, 通过顶管机壳体、管节注浆孔进行水泥系注浆, 待水泥系注浆完成后, 进行顶管机的拆解工作, 如 图 8 所示。
最后进行现浇结构施工,打通临时墙、通道贯通。 其中, 现浇结构分为上下两部分, 下部底板及局部侧墙采用常规混凝土浇筑, 剩余侧墙及顶板采用自密实混凝土进行浇筑, 确保混凝土浇筑质量, 如 图 9 所示。
根据 CECS 246-2008《给水排水工程顶管技术规程》要求,本工程顶管段地表沉降控制值为 ${20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,地表隆起控制值为 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ;管线竖向位移控制值为 ${20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 差异沉降控制值为 0.25%Lg。
监测数据显示,地表累计沉降最大为 ${15.1}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,位置临近始发端,弃壳范围内地表最大沉降为 ${12.12}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ; 管线最大竖向位移为 $-{13.10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,位于始发基坑侧,弃壳范围内管线最大竖向位移为 $-{10.42}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,管线差异沉降最大值为 ${3.71}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,其所在位置与地表沉降最大位置一致。各项监测指标均在规范要求范围内。
本文提出了整套弃壳接收方案。土体预加固作为止水措施, 机壳作为施工阶段初期支护, 暗挖现浇段钢筋混凝土形成永久受力结构, 弃壳段与既有车站及预制管节间防水衔接, 多次停机复推至设计位置。结合现场实施情况并分析监测数据可得出以下结论:
1) 在受地面条件限制无法设置顶管接收井位置, 采用该弃壳接收方案可行,地面最大沉降值为 ${12.12}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 满足规范要求。
2) 结合现场实施条件,可采用 ${\phi 2000}@{1400}\mathrm{{MJS}}$ 大直径旋喷桩或其他型式对接收端土体进行预加固, 长度尽量为顶管机壳长度 $+ 1\mathrm{\;m}$
3) 后续工程在顶管选型阶段就应考虑弃壳接收工况要求, 取消机壳内肋板, 减少现场切割工作量, 便于现浇结构实施。
4) 充分考虑既有车站侧墙与地连墙之间存水, 提前通过侧墙上间隔 $1\mathrm{\;m}$ 的 DN50 钻孔注入丙烯酸盐,可确保结构侧墙开洞期间既有车站轨行区的安全; 在地连墙洞门处埋设钢环与机壳连接, 迅速形成封闭止水, 可以成功解决车站未预留接入条件的防水连接问题, 减小顶管接收时渗水风险; 弃壳现浇段与预制管节间的柔性防水,确保了顶管在使用阶段的防水效果。
5) 顶管分别在刀盘抵近地连墙、刀盘抵近结构侧墙、最终设计位置进行 3 次停机,其间通过中、后筒机壳预留孔洞持续注入浓泥, 可以保证施工安全, 并使顶管达到设计指定位置。
该弃壳接收方案首次在天津地区成功实施, 经实践证明方案合理可行, 为受场地限制无法正常进行接收的顶管工程, 提供了一条新的思路。
  • 中国铁路设计集团有限公司课题(2023 城交科研 004号)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.01.018
  • 接收时间:2024-04-07
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-07
  • 修回日期:2024-07-03
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中国铁路设计集团有限公司课题(2023 城交科研 004号)
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    中国铁路设计集团有限公司 天津 300142
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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