Article(id=1149729525531066826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524209861062, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.01.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708876800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-26, revisedDate=1716739200000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752046479827, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752046479827, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752046479827, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752046479827, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149729524209861062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2025', volume='38', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752046479512, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780104827, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000875844653181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524209861062, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000875844653182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524209861062, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=149, endPage=156, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149729525736587726, articleId=1149729525531066826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Research on Overvoltage Suppression During the Operation of Rail Potential Limiting Devices in Urban Rail Transit, columnId=1152669334582243706, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to ensure personal safety, overvoltage protection devices (OVPD) are usually installed in stations and depots of operating lines. However, the overvoltage generated during the reset of the rail potential limiting device may cause the OVPD section II to act or even lock, resulting in the rail potential limiting device short circuiting the ground and rail, becoming a path for stray current leakage. With the continuous increase of urban rail operation mileage, stray currents have caused serious problems such as DC bias in the surrounding power system and corrosion damage to the urban pipeline network, which have seriously threatened the safe operation of the power system and oil and gas system. This paper proposes a suppression method for the overvoltage caused by the misoperation of the rail potential limiting device caused by abnormal rail potential, which exacerbates the leakage of stray currents in urban rail transit. The method involves constructing a simulation model of the overvoltage generated by the OVPD opening of the rail potential limiting device, constructing an arc experimental platform using N1250 contactors, and conducting grid mounted testing on actual lines. The results show that after using the overvoltage suppression method proposed in this article, the peak operating overvoltage generated by the opening of the rail potential limiting device is significantly reduced, reducing the possibility of OVPD misoperation and stray current leakage.

, correspAuthors=Huifeng LAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Huifeng LAN, Jianjun SUN, Guoyu LI, Meixia WANG, Yuning TANG, Wei LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149729561216205780, articleId=1149729525531066826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=城市轨道交通钢轨电位限制装置操作过电压抑制研究, columnId=1152669334955536763, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=机电工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了保障人身安全,通常会在运营线路的车站和段场中安装钢轨电位限制装置(overvoltage protection device,OVPD),但当钢轨电位限制装置 OVPD 复归时产生的操作过电压可能会导致OVPD II段动作,甚至闭锁,导致钢轨电位限制装置将大地和钢轨短接,成为杂散电流泄漏的通路。随着城市轨道运营里程的不断增加,杂散电流造成的周边电力系统直流偏磁、城市管网腐蚀损坏等问题十分严重,已经严重威胁到电力系统和油气系统的安全运行。针对异常钢轨电位引发钢轨电位限制装置误动作导致城市轨道交通杂散电流泄漏加剧的问题,提出一种城市轨道交通钢轨电位限制装置操作过电压的抑制方法,通过搭建 OVPD 分闸产生操作过电压的仿真模型、基于N1250 接触器搭建电弧实验平台在实际地铁线路中加装钢轨过电压抑制装置等3种方式,验证本文所提方法针对操作过电压的抑制能力。结果表明,采用钢轨电位限制装置操作过电压抑制方法后,钢轨电位限制装置分闸产生的操作过电压峰值显著下降,降低了OVPD误动作的可能性,减小了杂散电流泄漏。

, correspAuthors=兰慧峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HutLgaBm2CzFHQhg3Ei7sw==, magXml=zu4YcJtdDjLHzF9Q3DX4qg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=1n6+OuM18ZUC+xWF3G1ueA==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zNnL6TMRhKy6W0rofdU2xg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

兰慧峰,男,硕士,高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通杂散电流与钢轨电位研究等工作,

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兰慧峰,男,硕士,高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通杂散电流与钢轨电位研究等工作,

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兰慧峰,男,硕士,高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通杂散电流与钢轨电位研究等工作,

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工况 分断电流/A 恢复电压/V
1 75 60
2 100 80
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1 75 60
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城市轨道交通钢轨电位限制装置操作过电压抑制研究
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兰慧峰 1 , 孙建军 1 , 李国玉 1 , 王美霞 1 , 唐宇宁 2 , 刘炜 2
都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2025,38(1): 149-156
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都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2025, 38(1): 149-156
城市轨道交通钢轨电位限制装置操作过电压抑制研究
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兰慧峰1 , 孙建军1, 李国玉1, 王美霞1, 唐宇宁2, 刘炜2
作者信息
  • 1 青岛地铁集团有限公司 青岛 266045
  • 2 西南交通大学 电气工程学院 成都 610031
  • 兰慧峰,男,硕士,高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通杂散电流与钢轨电位研究等工作,

Research on Overvoltage Suppression During the Operation of Rail Potential Limiting Devices in Urban Rail Transit
Huifeng LAN1 , Jianjun SUN1, Guoyu LI1, Meixia WANG1, Yuning TANG2, Wei LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1 Qingdao Metro Group Co., Ltd. Qingdao 266045
  • 2 School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.01.020
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为了保障人身安全,通常会在运营线路的车站和段场中安装钢轨电位限制装置(overvoltage protection device,OVPD),但当钢轨电位限制装置 OVPD 复归时产生的操作过电压可能会导致OVPD II段动作,甚至闭锁,导致钢轨电位限制装置将大地和钢轨短接,成为杂散电流泄漏的通路。随着城市轨道运营里程的不断增加,杂散电流造成的周边电力系统直流偏磁、城市管网腐蚀损坏等问题十分严重,已经严重威胁到电力系统和油气系统的安全运行。针对异常钢轨电位引发钢轨电位限制装置误动作导致城市轨道交通杂散电流泄漏加剧的问题,提出一种城市轨道交通钢轨电位限制装置操作过电压的抑制方法,通过搭建 OVPD 分闸产生操作过电压的仿真模型、基于N1250 接触器搭建电弧实验平台在实际地铁线路中加装钢轨过电压抑制装置等3种方式,验证本文所提方法针对操作过电压的抑制能力。结果表明,采用钢轨电位限制装置操作过电压抑制方法后,钢轨电位限制装置分闸产生的操作过电压峰值显著下降,降低了OVPD误动作的可能性,减小了杂散电流泄漏。

轨道交通  /  直流牵引供电系统  /  钢轨电位限制装置  /  钢轨电位  /  操作过电压  /  抑制措施

In order to ensure personal safety, overvoltage protection devices (OVPD) are usually installed in stations and depots of operating lines. However, the overvoltage generated during the reset of the rail potential limiting device may cause the OVPD section II to act or even lock, resulting in the rail potential limiting device short circuiting the ground and rail, becoming a path for stray current leakage. With the continuous increase of urban rail operation mileage, stray currents have caused serious problems such as DC bias in the surrounding power system and corrosion damage to the urban pipeline network, which have seriously threatened the safe operation of the power system and oil and gas system. This paper proposes a suppression method for the overvoltage caused by the misoperation of the rail potential limiting device caused by abnormal rail potential, which exacerbates the leakage of stray currents in urban rail transit. The method involves constructing a simulation model of the overvoltage generated by the OVPD opening of the rail potential limiting device, constructing an arc experimental platform using N1250 contactors, and conducting grid mounted testing on actual lines. The results show that after using the overvoltage suppression method proposed in this article, the peak operating overvoltage generated by the opening of the rail potential limiting device is significantly reduced, reducing the possibility of OVPD misoperation and stray current leakage.

rail transit  /  DC traction power supply system  /  overvoltage protection device (OVPD)  /  rail potential  /  operational overvoltage  /  suppression measures
兰慧峰, 孙建军, 李国玉, 王美霞, 唐宇宁, 刘炜. 城市轨道交通钢轨电位限制装置操作过电压抑制研究. 都市快轨交通, 2025 , 38 (1) : 149 -156 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.01.020
Huifeng LAN, Jianjun SUN, Guoyu LI, Meixia WANG, Yuning TANG, Wei LIU. Research on Overvoltage Suppression During the Operation of Rail Potential Limiting Devices in Urban Rail Transit[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2025 , 38 (1) : 149 -156 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.01.020
国内外城市轨道交通主要采用直流供电方式。在直流牵引供电系统中,钢轨通常采用浮地安装,但无法保证钢轨对地完全绝缘, 因此当走行轨同时作为牵引回流路径时, 钢轨与大地之间存在一个电位差, 即钢轨电位 [ 1 - 2 ]
为保障人身安全,一般在各个车站以及车辆段均安装钢轨电位限制器(over-voltage protection device, OVPD)。当钢轨电位过高时,钢轨通过 OVPD 直接接地,用以钳制钢轨电位 [ 3 - 4 ] 。OVPD 动作后,大量牵引回流经由 OVPD 直接流入大地,形成杂散电流 [ 5 ] 。当 OVPD 合闸接地时, 由 OVPD 泄漏至大地的杂散电流可达 ${2000}\mathrm{\;A}$ ,可引起地下钢轨、地下金属结构的电化学腐蚀 [ 6 ]
城市轨道交通直流牵引供电系统中产生的过电压主要是由于钢轨电位限制器中直流接触器分闸时改变了回流系统等值结构和参数, 造成高阶振荡电路的暂态过程, 从而引起过电压, 过电压导致钢轨电位限制器的频繁动作及误动作。由于钢轨电位限制器钢轨与大地短接, 钢轨对地泄漏的杂散电流将会急剧上升, 导致埋地金属管道腐蚀、直流偏磁等现象加剧 [ 7 ]
当钢轨电位达到钢轨电位限制器 OVPD 的 I 段电压保护阈值 U1(通常为 ${120}\mathrm{\;V}$ )时,钢轨电位限制器将钢轨与大地短接, 有效降低钢轨电位。当钢轨电位达到钢轨电位限制器 OVPD 的 II 段电压保护阈值 U2(通常为 ${150}\mathrm{\;V}$ )时,钢轨电位限制器无延时使接触器直接合闸并闭锁。当钢轨电位达到钢轨电位限制器 OVPD 的III段电压保护阈值 U3(通常为 ${600}\mathrm{\;V}$ )时,晶闸管模块将无延时导通, 直流接触器接收到晶闸管导通信号后,合闸并永久闭锁 [ 8 - 9 ]
基于上述分析, 针对钢轨电位限制装置 OVPD 操作过电压对钢轨电位的影响, 本文提出了一种钢轨电位过电压抑制方法, 通过搭建 OVPD 操作过电压仿真模型,利用 N1250 接触器搭建电弧实验平台和挂网测试进行分析研究, 结果表明, 采用钢轨过电压抑制方法后, 显著降低钢轨电位限制装置分闸产生的操作过电压, 降低了 OVPD 误动作的可能性, 减小了杂散电流腐蚀。
目前, 国内地铁直流牵引供电系统所用的 OVPD 大多为意大利Microeletrica Scientifica 公司生产的N1250 接触器,其样机如 图 1 所示。
据青岛地铁运营公司统计,青岛地铁 1 号线在 $6\mathrm{\;h}$ OVPD 的动作次数高达 349 次, 其中 I 段动作 125 次, II 段动作 224 次, 且 II 段动作总数高于 I 段, 甚至出现多次 6 座及以上车站钢轨电位限制器同时动作的情况。 OVPD 复归时产生的电弧过电压可能引起 OVPD II 段闭锁, 如 图 2 所示。
由于开关间隙中的电弧处在一个变化的磁场中, 并且电弧的位置和形状也在随时间改变。电弧电流任一微元每个时刻所受到的磁场驱动力和空气阻力也不同, 电弧运动的整个过程不能用单一的方程和函数描述。
因此, 应对电弧模型做简化处理。假设弧柱电流微元仅受到磁场的洛仑兹力 ${F}_{m}$ 的作用,运动方向与 ${F}_{m}$ 的方向相同,只考虑磁场与电流方向垂直的分量, 因为与电流方向平行的分量不是驱动电弧向前运动的。 同时,运动的电流元又会受到空气阻力 ${F}_{D}$ 的作用,该力的方向与电流元运动的方向相反。电弧微元受力如 图 3 所示。
根据牛顿第二定律有:
${F}_{m}\left( t\right)- {F}_{D}\left( t\right)= m\frac{\mathrm{d}v\left( t\right)}{\mathrm{d}t}$
式中, $m$ 为电弧质量; $v\left( t\right)$ 为电弧运动速度。
洛仑兹力 ${F}_{m}$ 可由式(2)确定
${F}_{m}\left( t\right)= B \times I\left( t\right)\times l $
式中, $I\left( t\right)$ 为电弧电流; $l$ 为电弧长度; $B$ 为电弧电流产生的自磁场。
根据流体力学理论,空气阻力 ${F}_{D}$ 是关于电流运动速度 $v$ 的函数。为方便研究,开关电弧视作圆柱体。 当圆柱体电弧在空气中运动时, 它所受到的空气阻力 ${F}_{D}$
${F}_{D}\left( t\right)= {C}_{D}\left({{d}_{\text{arc }}l}\right)\left(\frac{\rho {v}^{2}}{2}\right)= \frac{1}{2}{C}_{D}\rho {d}_{\text{arc }}l{v}^{2}$
式中, ${C}_{D}$ 为关于雷诺数的阻力系数函数,无量纲; $\rho$ 为空气的质量密度; ${d}_{\mathrm{{arc}}}$ 为电弧电流直径。
电弧直径可由公式(4)计算
${d}_{\text{arc }}= {0.81}\sqrt{\frac{I\left( t\right)}{v\left( t\right)+ {10}}}\times {10}^{-2}$
式(4)适用于在空气中被横向运动冷却的电弧。
针对钢轨电位限制装置分闸产生的操作过电压问题, 本文提出基于预充电电容的城市轨道交通 OVPD 过电压抑制方法, 以削弱钢轨电位过电压峰值, 降低 OVPD 误动作的可能性, 减小杂散电流腐蚀。
在 OVPD 原结构基础上并联过电压抑制装置, 基于预充电电容的城市轨道交通 OVPD 过电压抑制拓扑如 图 4 所示。当钢轨电位限制器复归时, 直流接触器 $\mathrm{K}$ 开始分闸,控制系统触发半控型功率半导体器件 VT1 导通,组成强迫换流回路,抑制直流接触器 $\mathrm{K}$ 分断截流过电压。电容器反向充电后, 半控型功率半导体器件 VT1 截止, 强迫换流回路的电流为零。该过电压抑制方案不需要压敏电阻或者避雷器, 当线路遭受频繁过电压冲击时, 能反复、快速地抑制钢轨过电压。
以电流从大地流向钢轨为例进行分析, 为简化系统拓扑方案,本研究不考虑其他回路的影响。基于预充电电容的钢轨电位限制器过电压抑制方案, 拓扑工作原理如下。
步骤一:当钢轨电位达到钢轨电位限制器的 I、II 或者III段动作整定值时, ${t}_{0}$ 时刻触发其直流接触器 $\mathrm{K}$ 合闸,钢轨电位被钳制为 0 ;电流从大地经钢轨电位限制器的直流接触器 $\mathrm{K}$ 流向钢轨。
步骤二: ${t}_{1}$ 时刻控制系统接收到钢轨电位限制器发出的合闸信号后,充电电源 UR 给预充电电容 C 充电, ${t}_{1}$ 时刻充电结束,断开 ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}$
步骤三: ${t}_{2}$ 时刻,钢轨电位限制器合闸信号消失时,检测到钢轨与大地之间存在 ${50}\mathrm{\;V}$ 电压差时,控制系统触发半控型功率半导体器件 VT1 导通, VT1 和不可控型功率半导体器件 VD2 和 VD3、限流元件 $\mathrm{R}$ 和无极性电容 $\mathrm{C}$ 构成强迫换流回路产生与 ${I}_{\mathrm{k}}$ 反向的换流电流 ${i}_{\mathrm{c}}$ ,使直流接触器 $\mathrm{K}$ 处的电流 ${I}_{\mathrm{k}}$ 急速下降,在换流电流 ${i}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 与直流接触器 $\mathrm{K}$ 电流 ${I}_{\mathrm{k}}$ 相等时, ${I}_{\mathrm{k}}= 0$
步骤四: ${t}_{3}$ 时刻,直流接触器 $\mathrm{K}$ 分断、对无极性电容 $\mathrm{C}$ 进行反向充电,半控型功率半导体器件 VT1 关断,直流接触器 $\mathrm{K}$ 两端开始出现恢复电压。
当设备需要维护检修时, 控制钢轨过电压抑制装置的直流接触器 ${\mathrm{K}}_{1}$ 断开。
OVPD 中直流接触器分断过程中过电压抑制装置各阶段电流流通示意如 图 5 所示。
为了减小 OVPD 分闸产生的过电压, OVPD 分闸时会对流经OVPD的电流大小进行限制,通常在 ${100}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时进行分闸。为产生满足实验需求的直流电流, 基于 MATLAB/Simulink 搭建钢轨过电压仿真平台,为简化系统拓扑方案, 不考虑其他回路的影响。钢轨过电压仿真主电路如 图 6 所示。其中 $R\text{、}L$ 分别为等效钢轨纵向电阻和钢轨电感,并将钢轨纵向电阻 $R$ 和钢轨电感 $L$ 设置为 ${0.8\Omega }$$5\mathrm{{mH}}$
仿真不同恢复电压、分断电流条件下的直流接触器分闸电弧过程, 仿真中设置 2 组对照实验如 表 1 所示。
未投入过电压抑制装置时, 切断电流和过电压如 图 7 所示。
图 7 可知, 未投入过电压抑制装置, 分断电流为 ${75}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时,过电压峰值为 ${114.06}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,分断电流为 ${100}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时,过电压峰值为 ${159.31}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,超过 OVPD II 段动作的整定值, 该站及沿线相邻 OVPD 会发生误动作。
在 OVPD 两端并联过电压抑制装置, 其内部电阻 $R$${2\Omega }$ 、电容为 ${133}\mathrm{{uF}}$ 、预充电容电压为 ${200}\mathrm{\;V}$ , OVPD 切断电流和钢轨电位过电压如所 图 8 所示。在 ${t}_{1}= {50}\mathrm{\;{ms}}$ 直流接触器合闸信号消失后,检测到钢轨与大地之间存在 ${50}\mathrm{\;V}$ 电压差时,控制系统触发半控型功率半导体器件 VT1 导通,电容 $\mathrm{C}$ 构成强迫换流回路产生与 ${I}_{k}$ 反向的换流电流 ${I}_{c}$ ,分断电流分别为 ${75}\mathrm{\;A}$${100}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时,直流接触器触头两端电压最大值为 ${85.27}\mathrm{\;V}$${105.3}\mathrm{\;V}$ , OVPD 分闸产生的操作过电压显著降低, 在上述分断条件下均可以避免 OVPD 发生 II 段动作。
为产生满足实验需求的直流电流, 利用三相调压器降压后整流的方式输出直流电流, 整流方式采用三相全波整流桥;考虑到直流牵引供电系统大多为感性负载, 因此采用电感和电阻串联的方式组成主回路负载, 实验主回路结构如 图 9 所示。其中, 三相调压器的输入电压为 ${380}\mathrm{{VAC}}$ ,调压范围为 $0 \sim {430}\mathrm{{VAC}}$ ,容量变化范围为 $0 \sim {30}\mathrm{{kVA}}$ ; 三相全波整流桥采用上海上整整流器公司生产 MD S800A 型三相整流桥, $L$ 为负载等效电感,取 $5\mathrm{{mH}};R$ 为负载电阻,为实现流经主回路的直流电流可调,采用 ${30}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$ 功率的可变电阻箱作为负载电阻,主回路最大允许电流可达 ${120}\mathrm{\;A};\mathrm{\;K}$$\mathrm{{N1250}}$ 直流接触器, N1250 直流接触器通过 ${220}\mathrm{{VDC}}$ 磁操动机构进行控制。
未投入过电压抑制装置时, OVPD 切断电流和钢轨电位过电压如所 图 10 所示。未投入过电压抑制装置时,分断电流为 ${75}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时,过电压峰值为 ${117.38}\mathrm{\;V}$ , 分断电流为 ${100}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时,过电压峰值为 ${164.13}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,超过 OVPD 的 II 段整定值, 该站及沿线相邻 OVPD 会发生误动作。
在 OVPD 两端并联过电压抑制装置, OVPD 切断电流和钢轨电位过电压如 图 11 所示。在 ${t}_{1}= {50}\mathrm{\;{ms}}$ 直流接触器合闸信号消失后, 检测到钢轨与大地之间存在 ${50}\mathrm{\;V}$ 电压差时,控制系统触发半控型功率半导体器件 VT1 导通,电容 $\mathrm{C}$ 构成强迫换流回路产生与 ${I}_{\mathrm{k}}$ 反向的换流电流 ${I}_{\mathrm{c}}$ ,分断电流分别为 ${75}\mathrm{\;A}$${100}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时, 直流接触器触头两端电压最大值为 ${85.52}\mathrm{\;V}$${101.6}\mathrm{\;V}$ , 过电压峰值与仿真结果基本一致。OVPD 分闸产生的操作过电压显著降低, 在上述分断条件下均可以避免 OVPD 发生 II 段动作。
基于上述仿真和实验结果, 以国内某地铁车站为例, 在该车站 OVPD 处加装钢轨电位监测装置和钢轨过电压抑制装置。
通过 DVL500 电压传感器和 LEM2000 同步监测钢轨电位和流经 OVPD 的电流, OVPD 过电压抑制装置及 OVPD 之间的接线与监测设备如 图 12 所示。同一车站内通过 1 台设备采集信号, 同步测试信号。
选取典型数据进行分析, 当未投入过电压抑制装置时, OVPD 切断电流和钢轨电位过电压如 图 13 所示。
图 13 可知, 未投入过电压抑制装置时, 分断电流为 ${99.32}\mathrm{\;A}$ 时,过电压峰值为 ${160.45}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,超过 OVPD 的 II 段整定值, 且后期通过查阅 OVPD 报文可知该时刻该站 OVPD 闭合。
当投入过电压抑制装置时, OVPD 切断电流和钢轨电位过电压如 图 14 所示。
图 14 可以看出,在 ${t}_{1}= {35.2}\mathrm{\;{ms}}$ 直流接触器合闸信号消失后,检测到钢轨与大地之间存在 ${50}\mathrm{\;V}$ 电压差时, 控制系统触发半控型功率半导体器件 VT1 导通, 电容 $\mathrm{C}$ 构成强迫换流回路产生与 ${I}_{k}$ 反向的换流电流 ${I}_{c}$ , 分断电流分别 ${97.82}\mathrm{\;A}$ ,钢轨过电压峰值为 ${98.89}\mathrm{\;V}$ , OVPD 分闸产生的操作过电压显著降低, 在上述分断条件下均可以避免 OVPD 发生 II 段动作。
挂网试验期间, OVPD 分闸产生的操作过电压均低于 ${150}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,证明了该方法的有效性。该线路其他车站和段场后续均采用该方法改造了 OVPD 装置, 有效抑制了直流接触器截断电流产生的钢轨过电压。
1) 针对钢轨电位限制装置 OVPD 操作过电压对钢轨电位的影响, 本文建立 OVPD 分闸时操作过电压电弧电流受力模型, 提出一种钢轨电位过电压抑制方法, 阐述所提方案的电路拓扑结构设计以及工作原理, 并结合实际场合设计钢轨过电压抑制方法中的电路参数。
2) 本文通过搭建 OVPD 操作过电压仿真模型、基于 N1250 接触器搭建操作电弧实验平台、在实际地铁线路中加装钢轨过电压抑制装置等三种方式, 验证本文所提方法对操作过电压的抑制能力。结果表明, 采用钢轨过电压抑制方法后, 钢轨电位限制装置分闸产生的操作过电压显著下降, 降低了 OVPD 误动作的可能性, 减小了杂散电流泄漏。
  • 四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFC0463)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.01.020
  • 接收时间:2024-02-26
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-26
  • 修回日期:2024-05-27
基金
四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFC0463)
作者信息
    1 青岛地铁集团有限公司 青岛 266045
    2 西南交通大学 电气工程学院 成都 610031
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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