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地铁车站洪涝灾害分级预警评价方法研究

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余伟之

都市快轨交通 | 学术探讨 2025,38(4): 61-70

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都市快轨交通 |学术探讨 2025 , 38 (4) : 61 -70

地铁车站洪涝灾害分级预警评价方法研究

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余伟之

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中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司，武汉　430063

作者简介:

余伟之，男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事地铁防灾减灾及节能研究，522743176@qq.com

A Hierarchical Early Warning Method for Flood Risk Assessment in Subway Stations

Weizhi YU

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China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430063

出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.04.008

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摘要

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针对地铁车站在洪涝灾害应急响应方面存在响应不足或过度响应问题，提出洪涝灾害动态分级预警评价方法。首先，基于地铁车站洪涝灾害“成灾-防灾-抗灾”过程演化机理分析，从积水倒灌风险、脆弱性、防灾抗灾能力3方面构建洪涝灾害预警指标体系及指标分级量化表征方法；其次，基于小时降雨量及气象预警等级与积水深度关系，推导出积水倒灌风险的计算公式；再次，采用层次分析法与逼近理想解排序法分别提出脆弱性与防灾抗灾能力评价方案；最后，基于积水倒灌风险、脆弱性、防灾抗灾能力三者间作用关系，提出地铁车站洪涝灾害预警值计算方法以及预警等级判别标准，并依托两座实际地铁车站开展实例验证。研究结果表明，本文所提出的方法能够在综合考虑地铁车站场景特征与洪涝灾害动态特征的基础上有效实现动态分级预警，出入口台阶高度和水位监控覆盖率是影响预警等级的关键因素，在实际应用中应进一步关注积水深度和降雨量等数据的实时监测，提升车站水位监测传感器覆盖范围。研究成果可为地铁车站洪涝灾害超前预报预警与精准分级响应提供决策支持。

关键词

地铁车站 / 洪涝灾害 / 超前预警 / 分级响应

Abstract

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In view of the current problems of insufficient or excessive responses in flood disaster early warning and emergency management, a dynamic classification early warning evaluation for flood disasters has developed. Firstly, the early warning indicator system and quantification method for each warning indicator are developed based on the analysis of the disaster formation-prevention-resistance evolution mechanism of flood disasters in metro stations. The indicator system includes the risk of waterlogging and backflow, vulnerability, and disaster prevention and resistance capacities. Secondly, based on the relationship between hourly rainfall and meteorological warning levels with water accumulation depth, a quantitative method for assessing the risk of waterlogging and backflow in metro stations is proposed. Next, the evaluation methods of vulnerability and disaster prevention-resistance capacities are proposed based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Finally, a comprehensive early warning value calculation method and warning level classification criteria for metro station flood disasters are established, and case verification is carried out relying on two actual metro stations. The research results show that this method can effectively achieve dynamic classification early warning on the basis of comprehensively considering the characteristics of subway stations and the flood disasters. The height of entrance and exit steps and the coverage rate of water level monitoring are the key factors affecting the early warning level. In practical applications, further attention should be paid to the real-time monitoring of data such as water accumulation depth and rainfall. The research outcomes can provide a decision-making support for advanced forecasting, early warning, and precise hierarchical response to flood disasters in metro stations.

Key words

subway station / flood disaster / proactive warning / hierarchical response

引用本文

余伟之. 地铁车站洪涝灾害分级预警评价方法研究. 都市快轨交通, 2025 , 38 (4) : 61 -70 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.04.008

Weizhi YU. A Hierarchical Early Warning Method for Flood Risk Assessment in Subway Stations[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2025 , 38 (4) : 61 -70 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.04.008

基金

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中铁建地下空间利用领域科研计划项目(2024-W19)

参考文献

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2025年第38卷第4期

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.04.008

接收时间：2024-10-19
首发时间：2026-10-19
出版时间：2025-08-10

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收稿日期：2024-10-19
修回日期：2025-03-11

基金

中铁建地下空间利用领域科研计划项目(2024-W19)

作者信息

中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司，武汉　430063

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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