Article(id=1149729538659234591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711555200000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-28, revisedDate=1740240000000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752046482957, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748707200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752046482957, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752046482957, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752046482957, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149729526025994706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2025', volume='38', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='161', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752046479946, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780086246, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000797948039291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000797948039292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=114, endPage=122, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149729538961224491, articleId=1149729538659234591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Study on Rail Cant Setting Considering Dynamic Changes in Wheel Profile, columnId=1152669334582243706, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the problem of setting rail cant under the dynamic changes of subway wheel profile, this paper measured the wear profile data of LM wheels at four operating mileage, established a subway vehicle system dynamics model, and analyzed the influence of rail cant on the vehicle's straightline stability and curve passing performance considering during the dynamic changes of wheel profile. The entropy weight method is used to comprehensively evaluate the dynamic performance of the vehicle, and the optimal rail cant setting scheme is obtained for straight lines and curves with different radii considering under the dynamic changes of the wheel profile. Research has shown that when a vehicle is running in a straight line, the coupling of rail cant and wheel wear profile has a more significant impact on lateral stability than vertical stability. The dynamic changes in the wheel profile exacerbate the impact of rail cant on vehicle stability. During the curve operation, when rail cant is constant, the vehicle's curve negotiation performance first deteriorates, then improves, and then deteriorates as the wheel wear profile dynamically changes; When the wheel wear profile is constant, as the curve radius increases, the influence of the rail cant on the vehicle's curve negotiation performance gradually increases. Taking into account the dynamic changes in the wheel profile, the optimal matching of the outer/inner rail cant for straight, R300 m, R400 m, R500 m, and R600 m curve is (1/30, 1/40),(1/20, 1/20), (1/20, 1/40), (1/40, 1/40), and (1/40, 1/40), respectively.

, correspAuthors=Aihua ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Aihua ZHU, Yuhang LI, Yuxuan MENG, Tong XING, Tangbo BAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149729565561499990, articleId=1149729538659234591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=考虑车轮型面动态变化的轨底坡设置研究, columnId=1152669334955536763, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=机电工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对地铁车轮型面动态变化的轨底坡设置问题,本文实测LM车轮在4种运行里程下的磨耗型面数据,建立地铁车辆系统动力学模型,分析考虑车轮型面动态变化时轨底坡对车辆直线平稳性能和曲线通过性能的影响规律;采用熵权法综合评估车辆动力学性能,得到考虑车轮型面动态变化时直线及不同半径曲线时的最佳轨底坡设置方案。研究表明:车辆直线运行时,轨底坡耦合车轮磨耗型面对横向平稳性影响比垂向平稳性更显著,车轮型面动态变化加重了轨底坡对车辆平稳性的影响程度。在曲线运行时,当轨底坡一定时,随着车轮磨耗型面动态变化,车辆曲线通过性先变差后改善再恶化;车轮磨耗型面一定时,随着曲线半径增大,轨底坡对车辆曲线通过性能的影响程度逐渐变大。综合考虑车轮型面的动态变化,直线、R300m、R400m、R500m、R600m 曲线工况下,外轨/内轨轨底坡最优匹配分别为(1/30,1/40)、(1/20,1/20)、(1/20,1/40)、(1/40,1/40)、(1/40,1/40)。

, correspAuthors=朱爱华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=O5yDY+BqCHt1yBV/DCBRPg==, magXml=UcNhI4Ic/LmKqlN4D7si4g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=hPE3ZWlICNWaCU4FQ/apTg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=GEfP0/65p6oEnSHwJo4kHg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

朱爱华,女,博士,教授,主要从事车辆关键系统服役性能与可靠性评估研究工作,

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朱爱华,女,博士,教授,主要从事车辆关键系统服役性能与可靠性评估研究工作,

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ArticleFig(id=1154050887417847814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=图3, caption=平稳性指标, figureFileSmall=iqU+x2oHBZAccugGwFC5MA==, figureFileBig=Nuf52qvkqxJN6+i3PzTNgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050887463985159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Wheel/rail vertical contact force, figureFileSmall=7z50v/YWOYVi9C+p989+rA==, figureFileBig=ZqXFi6GEXGdB5ZrfOST5mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050887510122504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=图4, caption=轮轨垂向力, figureFileSmall=7z50v/YWOYVi9C+p989+rA==, figureFileBig=ZqXFi6GEXGdB5ZrfOST5mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050887552065545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Wheel/rail lateral contact force, figureFileSmall=K0wbLKp+AVeicsA2atnKNg==, figureFileBig=cbc41fciuFDcyHh61lAWlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050887598202890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=图5, caption=轮轨横向力, figureFileSmall=K0wbLKp+AVeicsA2atnKNg==, figureFileBig=cbc41fciuFDcyHh61lAWlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050887644340235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Derailment coefficient, figureFileSmall=epgmY5/qTjY0GuDM1CCELw==, figureFileBig=zO6SnXuV+fgW8nzrIyTAIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050887715643404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=图6, caption=脱轨系数, figureFileSmall=epgmY5/qTjY0GuDM1CCELw==, figureFileBig=zO6SnXuV+fgW8nzrIyTAIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050887770169357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Wheel unloading rate, figureFileSmall=1Wgil9a+Z4WbsRlePjb5WA==, figureFileBig=70xUwYKH+nc8yc796zRhzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050887807918094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=图7, caption=轮重减载率, figureFileSmall=1Wgil9a+Z4WbsRlePjb5WA==, figureFileBig=70xUwYKH+nc8yc796zRhzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050887854055439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Outer rail wear indices, figureFileSmall=2t5pwvSmJmP4sDfJlK7Gtw==, figureFileBig=erYNEgnQ+uf7lxoVEUouvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050887904387088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=图8, caption=外轨磨耗指数, figureFileSmall=2t5pwvSmJmP4sDfJlK7Gtw==, figureFileBig=erYNEgnQ+uf7lxoVEUouvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050887950524433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Inner rail wear number, figureFileSmall=Dv/yiA0AX/7NbONGTKyKPQ==, figureFileBig=lN7QS4f75bERGy/Be/8CZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050888084742162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=图9, caption=内轨磨耗指数, figureFileSmall=Dv/yiA0AX/7NbONGTKyKPQ==, figureFileBig=lN7QS4f75bERGy/Be/8CZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050888143462419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Wheelset lateral displancement, figureFileSmall=Xe0NGnynDpQCqbFRxWT2kg==, figureFileBig=UFpOGXHBWb6FvO4eQa4T6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050888189599764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=图10, caption=轮对横移量, figureFileSmall=Xe0NGnynDpQCqbFRxWT2kg==, figureFileBig=UFpOGXHBWb6FvO4eQa4T6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050888265097237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Figure 11, caption=Comprehensive scores of straight line, figureFileSmall=AgZqPlHVlmd2JBROyzM3kQ==, figureFileBig=dqJqMlKH0VP7Di+sui/dzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050888315428886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=图11, caption=直线线路综合得分, figureFileSmall=AgZqPlHVlmd2JBROyzM3kQ==, figureFileBig=dqJqMlKH0VP7Di+sui/dzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050888386732055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Figure 12, caption=Comprehensive scores of different curve radii, figureFileSmall=fTJC3qCZGed9i4quOffASw==, figureFileBig=N1d1NLVDmqrsu2rNoRfleg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050888428675096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同曲线半径综合得分, figureFileSmall=fTJC3qCZGed9i4quOffASw==, figureFileBig=N1d1NLVDmqrsu2rNoRfleg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050888470618137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Figure 13, caption=Average comprehensive scores for each rail cant of different curve radii, figureFileSmall=sSdeBuvc68wArds4SkDiVQ==, figureFileBig=ELDfptET0SJMihvQK3/3/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050888537727002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同曲线半径各轨底坡平均综合得分, figureFileSmall=sSdeBuvc68wArds4SkDiVQ==, figureFileBig=ELDfptET0SJMihvQK3/3/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050888625807388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Main parameters of the vehicle, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称 数值
车体质量/kg 33 859
车体侧滚转动惯量/kg· ${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 73105
车体点头转动惯量/kg·m² 1 157 173
车体摇头转动惯量/kg·m² 1 171 980
构架质量/kg 2103
构架侧滚转动惯量/kg·m ${}^{2}$ 1 333
构架点头转动惯量/kg·m ${}^{2}$ 864
构架摇头转动惯量/kg·m² 2131
轮对质量/kg 1018
轮对侧滚转动惯量/kg·m² 546.7
轮对点头转动惯量 $/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 75
轮对摇头转动惯量 $/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 546.7
), ArticleFig(id=1154050888701304862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=表1, caption=车辆主要参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称 数值
车体质量/kg 33 859
车体侧滚转动惯量/kg· ${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 73105
车体点头转动惯量/kg·m² 1 157 173
车体摇头转动惯量/kg·m² 1 171 980
构架质量/kg 2103
构架侧滚转动惯量/kg·m ${}^{2}$ 1 333
构架点头转动惯量/kg·m ${}^{2}$ 864
构架摇头转动惯量/kg·m² 2131
轮对质量/kg 1018
轮对侧滚转动惯量/kg·m² 546.7
轮对点头转动惯量 $/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 75
轮对摇头转动惯量 $/\mathrm{{kg}} \cdot {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 546.7
), ArticleFig(id=1154050888768413728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Rail cant conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 外轨 内轨
1 1/40 1/40
2 1/30 1/40
3 1/20 1/40
4 1/40 1/30
5 1/30 1/30
6 1/20 1/30
7 1/40 1/20
8 1/30 1/20
9 1/20 1/20
), ArticleFig(id=1154050888822939682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=表2, caption=轨底坡工况, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 外轨 内轨
1 1/40 1/40
2 1/30 1/40
3 1/20 1/40
4 1/40 1/30
5 1/30 1/30
6 1/20 1/30
7 1/40 1/20
8 1/30 1/20
9 1/20 1/20
), ArticleFig(id=1154050888877465636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Main parameters of four curve sections, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
半径/ m 速度/ (km/h) 直线/ m 缓和 曲线/m 圆曲线/ m 缓和 曲线/m 直线/ m 超高/ m
300 60 250 50 400 50 250 0.120
400 60 250 45 410 45 250 0.105
500 60 250 35 430 35 250 0.085
600 60 250 30 440 30 250 0.070
), ArticleFig(id=1154050888940380198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=表3, caption=4 种曲线线路主要参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
半径/ m 速度/ (km/h) 直线/ m 缓和 曲线/m 圆曲线/ m 缓和 曲线/m 直线/ m 超高/ m
300 60 250 50 400 50 250 0.120
400 60 250 45 410 45 250 0.105
500 60 250 35 430 35 250 0.085
600 60 250 30 440 30 250 0.070
), ArticleFig(id=1154050888994906151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Weight coefficients of each index for linear lines, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 信息熵值 信息效用值 权重系数/%
横向平稳性 0.948 7 0.051 2 73.00
垂向平稳性 0.981 2 0.018 7 27.00
), ArticleFig(id=1154050889041043496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=表4, caption=直线线路各项指标权重系数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 信息熵值 信息效用值 权重系数/%
横向平稳性 0.948 7 0.051 2 73.00
垂向平稳性 0.981 2 0.018 7 27.00
), ArticleFig(id=1154050889120735273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Weight coefficients of each index for different curve radii, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
曲线半径/m 指标 信息熵值 信息效用值 权重系数/%
300 轮轨横向力 0.868 3 0.1317 23.30
脱轨系数 0.791 9 0.208 1 36.81
轮重减载率 0.949 2 0.050 8 8.99
轮对横移量 0.946 6 0.053 4 9.45
外轨磨耗指数 0.910 8 0.089 2 15.77
内轨磨耗指数 0.967 9 0.032 1 5.67
400 轮轨横向力 0.9275 0.072 5 18.33
脱轨系数 0.891 4 0.1086 27.45
轮重减载率 0.9591 0.040 9 10.34
轮对横移量 0.931 2 0.068 8 17.39
外轨磨耗指数 0.9418 0.058 2 14.71
内轨磨耗指数 0.953 4 0.046 6 11.78
曲线半径/m 指标 信息熵值 信息效用值 权重系数/%
500 轮轨横向力 0.9429 0.0571 16.05
脱轨系数 0.932 9 0.067 1 18.88
轮重减载率 0.9584 0.041 6 11.69
轮对横移量 0.9452 0.054 8 15.42
外轨磨耗指数 0.933 5 0.066 5 18.71
内轨磨耗指数 0.931 6 0.068 4 19.24
600 轮轨横向力 0.947 6 0.0524 15.62
脱轨系数 0.9473 0.0527 15.68
轮重减载率 0.9195 0.080 5 23.96
轮对横移量 0.948 8 0.051 2 15.24
外轨磨耗指数 0.9553 0.044 7 13.31
内轨磨耗指数 0.945 6 0.054 4 16.19
), ArticleFig(id=1154050889192038443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=表5, caption=不同曲线半径各项指标权重系数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
曲线半径/m 指标 信息熵值 信息效用值 权重系数/%
300 轮轨横向力 0.868 3 0.1317 23.30
脱轨系数 0.791 9 0.208 1 36.81
轮重减载率 0.949 2 0.050 8 8.99
轮对横移量 0.946 6 0.053 4 9.45
外轨磨耗指数 0.910 8 0.089 2 15.77
内轨磨耗指数 0.967 9 0.032 1 5.67
400 轮轨横向力 0.9275 0.072 5 18.33
脱轨系数 0.891 4 0.1086 27.45
轮重减载率 0.9591 0.040 9 10.34
轮对横移量 0.931 2 0.068 8 17.39
外轨磨耗指数 0.9418 0.058 2 14.71
内轨磨耗指数 0.953 4 0.046 6 11.78
曲线半径/m 指标 信息熵值 信息效用值 权重系数/%
500 轮轨横向力 0.9429 0.0571 16.05
脱轨系数 0.932 9 0.067 1 18.88
轮重减载率 0.9584 0.041 6 11.69
轮对横移量 0.9452 0.054 8 15.42
外轨磨耗指数 0.933 5 0.066 5 18.71
内轨磨耗指数 0.931 6 0.068 4 19.24
600 轮轨横向力 0.947 6 0.0524 15.62
脱轨系数 0.9473 0.0527 15.68
轮重减载率 0.9195 0.080 5 23.96
轮对横移量 0.948 8 0.051 2 15.24
外轨磨耗指数 0.9553 0.044 7 13.31
内轨磨耗指数 0.945 6 0.054 4 16.19
), ArticleFig(id=1154050889242370093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=Optimal rail cant settings and comprehensive scores for wheel wear profiles at different curve radii, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
曲线半径/m 车轮型面 最佳外/内轨轨底坡 综合得分
300 ${\mathrm{S}}_{0}$ $1/{30},1/{30}$ 0.16
${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ $1/{20},1/{30}$ 0.22
${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ $1/{20},1/{20}$ 0.17
${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ $1/{40},1/{20}$ 0.53
400 ${\mathrm{S}}_{0}$ $1/{30},1/{30}$ 0.29
${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ $1/{40},1/{30}$ 0.33
${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ $1/{20},1/{40}$ 0.18
${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ $1/{20},1/{20}$ 0.56
500 ${\mathrm{S}}_{0}$ $1/{30},1/{30}$ 0.36
${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ $1/{20},1/{40}$ 0.45
${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ $1/{30},1/{40}$ 0.18
${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ $1/{40},1/{40}$ 0.39
600 ${\mathrm{S}}_{0}$ $1/{40},1/{30}$ 0.38
${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ $1/{20},1/{20}$ 0.45
${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ $1/{30},1/{40}$ 0.24
${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ $1/{40},1/{40}$ 0.34
), ArticleFig(id=1154050889313673263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=表6, caption=不同曲线半径下各车轮磨耗型面对应的最佳轨底坡及综合得分, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
曲线半径/m 车轮型面 最佳外/内轨轨底坡 综合得分
300 ${\mathrm{S}}_{0}$ $1/{30},1/{30}$ 0.16
${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ $1/{20},1/{30}$ 0.22
${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ $1/{20},1/{20}$ 0.17
${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ $1/{40},1/{20}$ 0.53
400 ${\mathrm{S}}_{0}$ $1/{30},1/{30}$ 0.29
${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ $1/{40},1/{30}$ 0.33
${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ $1/{20},1/{40}$ 0.18
${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ $1/{20},1/{20}$ 0.56
500 ${\mathrm{S}}_{0}$ $1/{30},1/{30}$ 0.36
${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ $1/{20},1/{40}$ 0.45
${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ $1/{30},1/{40}$ 0.18
${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ $1/{40},1/{40}$ 0.39
600 ${\mathrm{S}}_{0}$ $1/{40},1/{30}$ 0.38
${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ $1/{20},1/{20}$ 0.45
${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ $1/{30},1/{40}$ 0.24
${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ $1/{40},1/{40}$ 0.34
), ArticleFig(id=1154050889401753649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=Average comprehensive scores for rail cant settings under straight track conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车轮型面 S0 S1 S2 S3 平均综合得分
$1/{40},1/{40}$ 0.56 0.28 0.14 0.09 0.27
$1/{30},1/{40}$ 0.55 0.22 0.12 0.01 0.22
$1/{20},1/{40}$ 0.44 0.13 0.30 0.23 0.27
$1/{40},1/{30}$ 0.57 0.27 0.22 0.16 0.31
$1/{30},1/{30}$ 0.55 0.21 0.18 0.13 0.27
$1/{20},1/{30}$ 0.45 0.17 0.43 0.38 0.36
$1/{40},1/{20}$ 0.56 0.28 0.48 0.50 0.45
$1/{30},1/{20}$ 0.53 0.27 0.54 0.54 0.47
$1/{20},1/{20}$ 0.47 0.41 0.72 0.79 0.60
), ArticleFig(id=1154050889464668210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729538659234591, language=CN, label=表7, caption=直线条件下各轨底坡平均综合得分, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车轮型面 S0 S1 S2 S3 平均综合得分
$1/{40},1/{40}$ 0.56 0.28 0.14 0.09 0.27
$1/{30},1/{40}$ 0.55 0.22 0.12 0.01 0.22
$1/{20},1/{40}$ 0.44 0.13 0.30 0.23 0.27
$1/{40},1/{30}$ 0.57 0.27 0.22 0.16 0.31
$1/{30},1/{30}$ 0.55 0.21 0.18 0.13 0.27
$1/{20},1/{30}$ 0.45 0.17 0.43 0.38 0.36
$1/{40},1/{20}$ 0.56 0.28 0.48 0.50 0.45
$1/{30},1/{20}$ 0.53 0.27 0.54 0.54 0.47
$1/{20},1/{20}$ 0.47 0.41 0.72 0.79 0.60
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考虑车轮型面动态变化的轨底坡设置研究
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朱爱华 1 , 李宇航 1 , 孟宇轩 1 , 邢彤 2 , 白堂博 1
都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2025,38(3): 114-122
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都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2025, 38(3): 114-122
考虑车轮型面动态变化的轨底坡设置研究
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朱爱华1 , 李宇航1, 孟宇轩1, 邢彤2, 白堂博1
作者信息
  • 1 北京建筑大学 城市轨道车辆服役性能保障北京市重点实验室 北京 100044
  • 2 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 标准计量研究所 北京 100081
  • 朱爱华,女,博士,教授,主要从事车辆关键系统服役性能与可靠性评估研究工作,

Study on Rail Cant Setting Considering Dynamic Changes in Wheel Profile
Aihua ZHU1 , Yuhang LI1, Yuxuan MENG1, Tong XING2, Tangbo BAI1
Affiliations
  • 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Performance Guarantee on Urban Rail Transit Vehicles Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044
  • 2 Standards & Metrology Research Institute China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited Beijing 100081
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.016
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针对地铁车轮型面动态变化的轨底坡设置问题,本文实测LM车轮在4种运行里程下的磨耗型面数据,建立地铁车辆系统动力学模型,分析考虑车轮型面动态变化时轨底坡对车辆直线平稳性能和曲线通过性能的影响规律;采用熵权法综合评估车辆动力学性能,得到考虑车轮型面动态变化时直线及不同半径曲线时的最佳轨底坡设置方案。研究表明:车辆直线运行时,轨底坡耦合车轮磨耗型面对横向平稳性影响比垂向平稳性更显著,车轮型面动态变化加重了轨底坡对车辆平稳性的影响程度。在曲线运行时,当轨底坡一定时,随着车轮磨耗型面动态变化,车辆曲线通过性先变差后改善再恶化;车轮磨耗型面一定时,随着曲线半径增大,轨底坡对车辆曲线通过性能的影响程度逐渐变大。综合考虑车轮型面的动态变化,直线、R300m、R400m、R500m、R600m 曲线工况下,外轨/内轨轨底坡最优匹配分别为(1/30,1/40)、(1/20,1/20)、(1/20,1/40)、(1/40,1/40)、(1/40,1/40)。

地铁  /  轨底坡  /  车轮型面  /  动力学性能  /  熵权法

In response to the problem of setting rail cant under the dynamic changes of subway wheel profile, this paper measured the wear profile data of LM wheels at four operating mileage, established a subway vehicle system dynamics model, and analyzed the influence of rail cant on the vehicle's straightline stability and curve passing performance considering during the dynamic changes of wheel profile. The entropy weight method is used to comprehensively evaluate the dynamic performance of the vehicle, and the optimal rail cant setting scheme is obtained for straight lines and curves with different radii considering under the dynamic changes of the wheel profile. Research has shown that when a vehicle is running in a straight line, the coupling of rail cant and wheel wear profile has a more significant impact on lateral stability than vertical stability. The dynamic changes in the wheel profile exacerbate the impact of rail cant on vehicle stability. During the curve operation, when rail cant is constant, the vehicle's curve negotiation performance first deteriorates, then improves, and then deteriorates as the wheel wear profile dynamically changes; When the wheel wear profile is constant, as the curve radius increases, the influence of the rail cant on the vehicle's curve negotiation performance gradually increases. Taking into account the dynamic changes in the wheel profile, the optimal matching of the outer/inner rail cant for straight, R300 m, R400 m, R500 m, and R600 m curve is (1/30, 1/40),(1/20, 1/20), (1/20, 1/40), (1/40, 1/40), and (1/40, 1/40), respectively.

subway wheel  /  rail cant  /  wheel profiles  /  dynamic performance  /  entropy weight method
朱爱华, 李宇航, 孟宇轩, 邢彤, 白堂博. 考虑车轮型面动态变化的轨底坡设置研究. 都市快轨交通, 2025 , 38 (3) : 114 -122 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.016
Aihua ZHU, Yuhang LI, Yuxuan MENG, Tong XING, Tangbo BAI. Study on Rail Cant Setting Considering Dynamic Changes in Wheel Profile[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2025 , 38 (3) : 114 -122 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.016
由于车轮踏面有斜度, 钢轨需要设置轨底坡提高轮轨接触的稳定性, 轨底坡设置不合理将对车轮和钢轨造成不同程度的破坏 [1 - 2] ,进而影响车辆的动力学性能。车轮型面的变化将改变轮轨接触特性, 进而影响车辆的动力学性能, 使轨底坡的设置变得复杂。因此, 研究轨底坡耦合车轮磨耗型面对车辆动力学性能的影响及最优匹配, 对车轮维修保养和线路设计及维护非常重要。
针对地铁轨底坡耦合车轮型面的研究, 大部分学者采用标准的车轮型面作为研究对象, 主要为 LM 标准型面。折成林 [3] 进行了 $\mathrm{{LM}}$ 型面在无轨底坡、 $1/{20}$$1/{30}$$1/{40}$ 轨底坡条件下,对轮轨接触特性、行车安全性、蠕滑特性及轮轨磨耗趋势分析, 发现内外轨均设置 1/20 轨底坡有利于列车通过小半径曲线;李金城等 [4] 建立车轮滚动接触损伤模型,研究发现 $\mathrm{{LM}}$ 型面与 1/20 轨底坡配合时钢轨表现最佳; 高雅等 [5] 通过研究发现曲线条件下 LM 型面在轨底坡为 1/40 时轮轨匹配性能良好; 温静等 [6] 研究了 LM 型面在非对称轨底坡条件下的车辆动态响应、轮轨磨耗、滚动接触疲劳,发现减小外轨轨底坡会降低车辆的曲线通过性能;任德祥等 [7] 研究发现 LM 型面在外轨轨底坡为 $1/{40}$ ,内轨轨底坡为 1/20 或 1/10 的情况下能显著减缓轮缘磨损。
部分学者采用 LMA、LMD、S1002 等标准车轮型面, 研究了高速车轮型面在不同轨底坡设置条件下的车辆动力学性能变化。王宁等 [8] 研究了 LMA 型面通过小半径曲线时钢轨磨耗和安全性,提出 $1/{40}$ 对称轨底坡具有显著优势; 杜星等 [9] 研究了 LMD 车轮型面与不同轨底坡匹配时的车辆动力学性能,发现对称和非对称轨底坡在舒适度与平稳性表现均优于标准轨底坡 $1/{40}$ ,但在车轮疲劳指数方面标准轨底坡在三者中是最小的; 戴佳宇等 [10] 研究了 LM 和 S1002 型面在不同轨底坡条件下的动力学性能, 研究发现在直线段采用 1/20 轨底坡能够减小最大接触压力,而在曲线段则建议采用 1/30 轨底坡以获得更好的车辆运行平稳性。
综上所述, 国内外学者对车轮型面与轨底坡的匹配进行了广泛的研究, 主要集中于 LM、LMA、S1002 等常见车轮的标准型面, 但随着运行里程的增加, 车轮磨耗不可避免, 标准车轮型面会发生动态改变, 引起轮轨接触特性及车辆动力学性能的变化。因此, 对轨底坡进行研究时, 需要考虑随运行里程增加引起的车轮型面动态变化的影响, 为线路设计和车轮维修保养提供技术支持。
本文考虑地铁 LM 车轮型面动态变化的轨底坡, 对其进行优化设计, 设置 9 种非对称轨底坡和 4 种不同运行里程下的车轮磨耗型面工况, 以平稳性指标作为地铁车辆直线运行性能的评价标准,以轮轨垂向力、 轮轨横向力、脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮对横移量和轮轨磨耗指数作为车辆曲线通过性的评价指标, 研究车轮型面动态变化下轨底坡对车辆动力学性能的影响规律; 采用熵权法对各指标加权求和处理, 计算不同耦合工况下的车辆动力学综合性能, 得到满足车轮型面动态变化下的最佳轨底坡设置。
根据实际的 B 型车辆参数, 在 SIMPACK 软件中建立车辆动力学模型, 如图1所示。模型包括 1 个车体、2 个构架、4 个轮对、8 个轴箱、一系悬挂系统和二系悬挂系统。轮轨之间的摩擦系数为 0.4 , 钢轨选取 CHN60 轨,轨距为 ${1435}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,车轮型面选取 LM 型踏面。地铁车辆参数设置见表1
根据《地铁设计规范》(GB 50157-2013),目前中国的铁路普遍使用 1/40 轨底坡, 而部分地铁线路则采用 1/20 轨底坡,如北京机场线 [11] 。此外,在经过一定的磨耗后, 轨底坡的数值一般会偏离设计值, 在 1/40 至 1/20 之间 [5] 。本文在 $1/{40} \sim 1/{20}$ 之间设置了 9 种不同的外、内轨轨底坡工况, 见表2
使用轮廓测量仪对某地铁车辆磨耗数据进行跟踪测试, 获取标准 LM 型面数据, 考虑到地铁车辆在不同使用阶段的磨损情况, 选择运行里程为 5 万、 8 万、 14 万 km 的车轮磨耗型面数据,5万 km 可代表车辆运行初期的轮轨磨合阶段,能观察到磨损的起始特征; 8万 $\mathrm{{km}}$ 处于车辆运行的初期磨损阶段,磨损有了一定发展,可分析轮轨磨合后的车轮磨损变化趋势; 14 万 $\mathrm{{km}}$ 则代表车辆运行较长时间后的磨损情况, 能研究车轮踏面明显磨损状态下的车辆动力学特征。
在整个测试期间, 车轮未经镟修。本文计算 8 个车轮磨耗量的平均值, 生成新的车轮磨耗型面, 作为车辆动力学模型中 8 个车轮的统一车轮型面。由于环境原因、测量引起的误差以及平均数据统计过程中数值计算方法的截断误差, 使用多次测量并取平均值减少随机误差, 然后使用 3 次样条插值法 [12] 对数据进行平滑处理, 避免车轮廓形不连续, 从而获得满足仿真要求的型面数据。
图2所示, 该线路车轮磨耗主要集中在图中灰色区域, 即车轮踏面位置, 随着地铁车辆运行里程的增加, 车轮的磨耗深度逐渐增加。
线路模型分别采用直线和 4 种不同半径曲线作为研究对象,线路总长均为 ${1000}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,曲线为右转 $\mathrm{C}$ 型曲线(左侧轨道为外轨,右侧轨道为内轨),速度为 ${60}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ 匀速, 轨道不平顺选取德国高干扰谱, 4 种曲线线路的主要参数见表3
取横向/垂向平稳性作为地铁车辆直线运行稳定性能的评价指标; 选取轮轨横向力、脱轨系数、 轮重减载率、轮对横移量以及车轮磨耗指数有效值作为地铁车辆曲线通过性能评价指标。其中, 车轮磨耗指数选择 Elkins 磨耗指数, Elkins 磨耗指数为横向蠕滑力和蠕滑率乘积与纵向蠕滑力和蠕滑率乘积之和, 考虑接触刚度, 能有效地表示轮轨之间的磨损现象。
这些评价指标单位、量纲和数据性质不同, 因此本文采用熵权法 [13 - 14] ,但由于各项指标的计量单位并不统一, 因此在用它们计算综合指标前, 需要先进行标准化处理, 将多指标问题转换为单指标问题, 将数据标准化后, 计算每个指标的信息熵。信息熵反映了指标的离散程度, 根据信息熵的大小可以计算每个指标的权重系数, 信息熵越小, 说明指标的离散程度越大, 提供的信息量越多, 权重系数越大; 信息熵越大, 说明指标的离散程度越小, 提供的信息量越少, 权重系数越小。再通过线性加权的方法得到一个综合得分, 用来评判地铁车辆的动力学性能。
首先对数据进行 $0 \sim 1$ 归一化处理,计算式为:
$ {x}_{ij}^{\prime } = \frac{{x}_{ij} - \min \left( {x}_{j}\right) }{\max \left( {x}_{j}\right) - \min \left( {x}_{j}\right) } \\ \text{ 或 }{x}_{ij}^{\prime } = \frac{\max \left( {x}_{j}\right) - {x}_{ij}}{\max \left( {x}_{j}\right) - \min \left( {x}_{j}\right) } $
式中, ${x}^{\prime }{}_{ij}$ 为归一化的数据; ${x}_{ij}$ 为第 $i$ 个数据组的第 $j$ 个指标; $\max \left( {x}_{j}\right)$ 为第 $j$ 个指标中的最大值; $\min \left( {x}_{j}\right)$ 为第 $j$ 个指标中的最小值。
计算第 $j$ 项指标下第 $i$ 个样本值占该指标的比重 ${p}_{ij}$
$ {p}_{ij} = \frac{{x}_{ij}^{\prime }}{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{n}{x}_{ij}^{\prime }} $
然后计算第 $j$ 项指标的熵值和信息熵冗余度:
$ {e}_{j} = - k\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{n}{p}_{ij}\ln \left( {p}_{ij}\right) $
$ {d}_{j} = 1 - {e}_{j} $
式中, ${e}_{j}$ 为第 $j$ 项指标的熵值,且 $k = 1/\ln \left( n\right) > 0$ ,并满足 ${e}_{j} \geq 0;{d}_{j}$ 为熵值冗余度。
计算各样本的权重, 得到不同半径曲线下这 6 个指标的权重系数 ${w}_{j}$ :
$ {w}_{j} = \frac{{d}_{j}}{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{j = 1}}^{m}{d}_{j}} $
最后通过对不同工况下的 6 个指标进行加权求和得到不同工况下各样本的性能综合得分 ${S}_{i}$ :
$ {S}_{i} = \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{j = 1}}^{m}{w}_{j}{x}_{ij}^{\prime } $
在直线和 4 种 ${R300}\mathrm{\;m}\text{、}{R400}\mathrm{\;m}\text{、}{R500}\mathrm{\;m}\text{、}{R600}\mathrm{\;m}$ 半径曲线下,设置 $\left( {1/{20},1/{20}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{30},1/{20}}\right) \text{、}(1/{40}$ , $1/{20})\text{、}\left( {1/{20},1/{30}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{30},1/{30}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{40},1/{30}}\right) \text{、}(1/{20}$ , $1/{40})\text{、}\left( {1/{30},1/{40}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{40},1/{40}}\right)$ 共 9 种外轨/内轨轨底坡和运行里程为 0、5 万、8 万、14 万 km 时的 4 种 $\mathrm{{LM}}$ 型地铁车轮磨耗型面(简称 ${\mathrm{S}}_{0}$${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$${\mathrm{\;S}}_{3}$ ),分析不同轨底坡耦合车轮磨耗型面对车辆直线平稳性和曲线通过性能的影响规律。
图3为轨底坡耦合车轮动态型面对地铁车辆直线平稳性的影响。图4~10 分别为 4 种不同曲线半径条件下,轨底坡耦合车轮动态型面对应的轮轨垂向力、 轮轨横向力、脱轨系数、轮重减载率、内/外轨磨耗指数和轮对横移量。
图3可知: 与垂向平稳性指标相比, 横向平稳性指标幅值及变化率更大, 说明轨底坡和车轮型面变化对于横向平稳性影响程度更大; 车轮型面由 ${\mathrm{S}}_{0}$ 变化到 ${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ ,轨底坡对横向平稳性指标和垂向平稳性指标的影响逐渐变大, 说明车轮型面动态变化加重了轨底坡对于平稳性指标影响程度; 当轨底坡一定时, 随着运行里程的增加, 车轮型面动态变化使得垂向平稳性指标逐渐变大。
图4可知: 在相同轨底坡和车轮型面工况下, 随着曲线半径增大, 轮轨垂向力逐渐变小, 但是减小的幅度很小;相同曲线半径和车轮型面工况下, 轨底坡对于轮轨垂向力影响较小;相同轨底坡工况下,随着运行里程的增加, 车轮磨耗型面的动态变化引起轮轨垂向力逐渐变大, 但变化幅度较小。说明车轮磨耗型面耦合轨底坡对于轮轨垂向力影响不大。
图5图6可知: 在相同曲线半径和轨底坡工况下, 随着运行里程的增加, 车轮磨耗型面的动态变化使轮轨横向力和脱轨系数均呈现先增大后减小再增大的趋势。因此, 适当的车轮踏面磨耗可以改善车轮横向力与脱轨系数, 而过度的车轮磨耗则将导致这 2 个数值增大, 车辆曲线通过性能减弱。
图7可知: 轨底坡和车轮磨耗型面对轮重减载率影响效果不明显,随着曲线半径的增大,轮重减载率呈现下降趋势, 所有工况轮重减载率都在限值以内。
图8图9可知: 车轮型面和轨底坡工况一定时, 随着曲线半径的增大, 磨耗指数有效值逐渐减小; 外轨车轮比内轨车轮的磨耗指数有效值更大, 说明外轨车轮磨耗更加严重。4 种曲线半径条件下, 内轨轨底坡不变, 随着外轨轨底坡增大, 内外轨磨耗指数有效值均逐渐减小。当车轮型面由 ${\mathrm{S}}_{0}$ 变化到 ${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ ,外轨车轮磨耗指数有效值先增大再减小再增大。
图10可知: 相同轨底坡和车轮磨耗型面工况下, 随着曲线半径增加, 轮对横移量逐渐减小, 但是随着轨底坡和车轮磨耗型面的改变, 轮对横移量的变化幅度逐渐变大, 这说明曲线半径的增大会导致轨底坡和磨耗型面对轮对横移量的影响程度逐渐增加。当轨底坡一定时, 随着车轮型面的磨耗程度增加; 轮对横移量逐渐减小; 当车轮磨耗型面一定时且内轨轨底坡不变, 随着外轨轨底坡增大, 轮对横移量逐渐变大。
根据熵权法对直线平稳性指标进行权重赋予, 权重结果见表4。可见, 横向平稳性指标权重比垂向平稳性指标低。
根据表4的计算结果以及式(6)计算得到直线条件下各工况的平稳性能综合得分可知, 综合得分越低, 车辆平稳性越好, 对应的地铁车辆运行工况越理想, 综合得分结果如图11所示。
图11可知: 轨底坡一定时, 车轮型面动态变化对直线平稳性影响较大; 随着运行里程增加, 车轮型面磨耗加重,使得轨底坡为 $\left( {1/{40},1/{40}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{30},1/{40}}\right)$$\left( {1/{40},1/{30}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{30},1/{30}}\right)$ 时的直线平稳性综合得分逐渐减小,轨底坡为 $\left( {1/{40},1/{20}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{30},1/{20}}\right) \text{、}(1/{20}$ , $1/{20})\text{、}\left( {1/{20},1/{40}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{20},1/{30}}\right)$ 时的直线平稳性综合得分先减小再增加; 车轮磨耗型面一定时, 轨底坡对直线平稳性影响较大, 且随着运行里程的增加, 轨底坡对地铁车辆直线运行平稳性的影响也增大。
地铁车辆直线运行平稳性综合得分最小和最大时对应的外轨/内轨轨底坡和车轮磨耗型面耦合工况分别为 $\left( {1/{30},1/{40},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{3}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{20},1/{20},{\mathrm{\;S}}_{3}}\right)$
曲线条件下的指标权重结果见表5
根据表5计算结果以及式(11)计算得到不同曲线半径下各工况的综合得分。综合得分越低, 车辆曲线通过性能越好, 对应的地铁车辆运行工况越理想, 综合得分结果如图12所示。
图12可知: 轨底坡一定时, 车轮型面动态变化对曲线通过性影响较大; 随着车轮磨耗的增加, 车轮型面动态变化, $R{{400}\mathrm{\;m}}\text{、}R{{500}\mathrm{\;m}}\text{、}R{{600}\mathrm{\;m}}$ 曲线半径下的综合得分呈现增大-减小-增大的趋势, ${R300}\mathrm{\;m}$ 曲线半径下,轨底坡为 $\left( {1/{40},1/{40}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{40},1/{30}}\right) \text{、}(1/{20}$ , $1/{30})\text{、}\left( {1/{40},1/{20}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{30},1/{20}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{20},1/{20}}\right)$ 时的综合得分也呈现增大-减小-增大的趋势, 而轨底坡为 $\left( {1/{30},1/{40}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{20},1/{40}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{30},1/{30}}\right)$ 时的综合得分逐渐增大。车轮磨耗型面一定时, 随着曲线半径增大; 轨底坡对于综合得分影响的程度逐渐变大。
在同一半径曲线下, 选取 45 种工况中综合得分最低(即车辆动力学性能最佳)的轨底坡设置, 结果见表6
根据计算结果以及式(6)计算得到直线条件下各工况的平稳性能综合得分。为了得到适应不同车轮磨耗型面的最优轨底坡,分别计算不同轨底坡下 4 种车轮磨耗型面综合得分的平均数, 见表7。平均综合得分越低, 说明车辆平稳性越好。由表7可知: 直线条件下,平均综合得分最低(即车辆动力学性能最佳)的轨底坡设置为 $\left( {1/{30},1/{40}}\right)$ ,这意味着,在车轮型面动态变化下,外、内轨底坡为 $\left( {1/{30},1/{40}}\right)$ 时,车辆的平稳性最佳。
根据计算结果以及式(6)计算得到不同曲线半径条件下各工况的综合得分。为了得到适应不同车轮磨耗型面的最优轨底坡,分别计算不同轨底坡下 4 种车轮磨耗型面综合得分的平均值, 结果如图13所示。平均综合得分越低, 车辆曲线通过性越好。
图13可知: 在 ${R300}\mathrm{\;m}\text{、}{R400}\mathrm{\;m}\text{、}{R500}\mathrm{\;m}\text{、}{R600}\mathrm{\;m}$ 的曲线下, 考虑车轮磨耗型面的动态变化, 平均综合得分最低的轨底坡设置分别为 $\left( {1/{20},1/{20}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{20},1/{40}}\right)$$\left( {1/{40},1/{40}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{40},1/{40}}\right)$ ,此时车辆的曲线通过性能最佳。
以车轮踏面磨耗实测数据为基础, 建立地铁车辆动力学模型, 设置了 9 种轨底坡、 4 种车轮磨耗型面和 5 种线路工况, 分析车轮型面动态变化时轨底坡对车辆直线平稳性和曲线通过性能的影响规律; 采用熵权法对上述指标进行加权求和, 计算地铁车辆动力学性能综合得分, 得出车轮型面动态变化下直线及不同半径曲线下轨底坡的最佳匹配, 具体结论如下。
1)车辆直线运行时, 与垂向平稳性指标相比, 轨底坡耦合车轮磨耗型面对横向平稳性指标影响程度更大。随着运行里程的增加,车轮型面由 ${\mathrm{S}}_{0}$ 动态变化到 ${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ ,轨底坡对横向平稳性指标和垂向平稳性指标的影响逐渐变大, 说明车轮型面动态变化会加重轨底坡对车辆平稳性指标的影响程度。
2)相同车轮型面和轨底坡工况下, 随着曲线半径增大, 轮对横移量和磨耗指数均逐渐减小, 而轮轨横向力、脱轨系数则呈现先增大后减小再增大的趋势。 当轨底坡一定时, 随着运行里程增加, 车轮磨耗型面动态变化, 性能综合得分先增大后减小再增大, 即车辆曲线通过性能先变差后改善再恶化; 车轮磨耗型面一定时, 随着曲线半径增大, 轨底坡对于车辆曲线通过性能的影响程度逐渐变大。
3)根据熵权法计算得到不同车轮磨耗型面下的平均综合得分,直线、 $R{{300}\mathrm{\;m}}\text{、}R{{400}\mathrm{\;m}}\text{、}R{{500}\mathrm{\;m}}\text{、}R{{600}\mathrm{\;m}}$ 曲线工况下, 满足车轮型面动态变化所对应的最优外/ 内轨轨底坡匹配分别为 $\left( {1/{30},1/{40}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{20},1/{20}}\right)$$\left( {1/{20},1/{40}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{40},1/{40}}\right) \text{、}\left( {1/{40},1/{40}}\right)$
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52272385)
  • 北京市自然科学基金项目(L211007)
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2025年第38卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.016
  • 接收时间:2024-03-28
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-28
  • 修回日期:2025-02-23
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52272385)
北京市自然科学基金项目(L211007)
作者信息
    1 北京建筑大学 城市轨道车辆服役性能保障北京市重点实验室 北京 100044
    2 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 标准计量研究所 北京 100081
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dskgjt/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.016
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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