Article(id=1149729536763409096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720972800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-15, revisedDate=1732291200000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752046482505, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748707200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752046482505, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752046482505, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752046482505, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149729526025994706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2025', volume='38', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='161', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752046479946, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780086246, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000797948039291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000797948039292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729526025994706, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=100, endPage=107, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149729536985707219, articleId=1149729536763409096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Diffusion Mechanism of Backfill Grouting for Metro Tunnels During Operation Period, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the diffusion mechanism of backfill grouting slurry in metro tunnels under different working conditions during the operation period, a mathematical model of the diffusion process was derived based on the physical processes involved in grouting. A threedimensional numerical simulation program, developed using the finite element method (FEM) and the volume of fluid (VOF) method, was applied. Using an actual project during the operation period as a case study, the diffusion behavior of backfill grouting in metro tunnels under different soil conditions was simulated, and the rationality of the numerical simulation results was validated through laboratory model tests. The results indicate that in hard soils, the slurry predominantly fractures in a direction perpendicular to the lining structure, making it difficult to form a large closed reinforcement area behind the lining. In contrast, in soft soils, as the grouting pressure increases, the slurry gradually spreads along the interface between the tunnel and the soil. Upon completion of grouting, the slurry forms a uniformly distributed closed reinforcement along the tunnel wall. The consistency between the model test and numerical simulation trends confirms the reliability of the grouting diffusion mechanism behind the tunnel wall.

, correspAuthors=Xueda WEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhen HAN, Xueda WEI, Tielin CHEN, Shunyu WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149729557223224142, articleId=1149729536763409096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=运营期地铁隧道壁后注浆扩散机制研究, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究不同工况下运营期地铁隧道壁后注浆浆液的扩散机制,根据注浆所涉及的物理过程推导扩散过程中的数学模型,编制基于有限单元法与流体体积法的三维数值计算程序,以实际工程为背景分别模拟不同土体条件下运营期地铁隧道壁后注浆堵水时浆液的扩散行为,并采用室内模型试验验证数值模拟结果的合理性。研究结果表明:在硬土中,浆液主要是向垂直于衬砌结构的方向劈裂,浆脉在衬砌背后难以形成较大面积的封闭加固体;而在软土中,随着注浆压力的增大,浆液逐渐沿着隧道与土体的界面扩展,注浆结束后,浆液沿着隧道壁后形成一个均匀分布的封闭加固体。模型试验与数值模拟趋势相同,证明了隧道壁后注浆扩散机制的正确性。

, correspAuthors=魏学达, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
魏学达,男,博士研究生,研究方向为运营期隧道病害治理,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=GKaplrv+2bn0fZch18pXnQ==, magXml=yGB4REQ5ZunMLq1cJNs0tg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=nfMzOEOwOhpRXnd0eMMoQQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+REPcG6z/LhV+e8fGozdaA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

韩震,男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为城市轨道交通工程保护及隧道结构病害治理,

, authorsList=韩震, 魏学达, 陈铁林, 王顺宇)}, authors=[Author(id=1154050846766650044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=han_zhen@njmetro.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154050846850536128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, authorId=1154050846766650044, language=EN, stringName=Zhen HAN, firstName=Zhen, middleName=null, lastName=HAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Nanjing Metro Operation Co., Ltd. Nanjing 210012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154050846921839297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, authorId=1154050846766650044, language=CN, stringName=韩震, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 南京地铁运营有限责任公司 南京 210012, bio={"content":"

韩震,男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为城市轨道交通工程保护及隧道结构病害治理,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

韩震,男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为城市轨道交通工程保护及隧道结构病害治理,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154050845940372135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050845944566440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050845940372135, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Nanjing Metro Operation Co., Ltd. Nanjing 210012), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846506603185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050845940372135, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 南京地铁运营有限责任公司 南京 210012)])]), Author(id=1154050847051862722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=21115022@bjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154050847509041866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, authorId=1154050847051862722, language=EN, stringName=Xueda WEI, firstName=Xueda, middleName=null, lastName=WEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, address=2 Key Laboratory for Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044
3 School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154050847559373516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, authorId=1154050847051862722, language=CN, stringName=魏学达, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, address=2 北京交通大学 城市地下工程教育部重点实验室 北京 100044
3 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院 北京 100044, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154050846582100660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846590489268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846582100660, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory for Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846594683573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846582100660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京交通大学 城市地下工程教育部重点实验室 北京 100044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154050846678569655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846686958264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846678569655, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846695346873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846678569655, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院 北京 100044)])]), Author(id=1154050847609705167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154050847676814035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, authorId=1154050847609705167, language=EN, stringName=Tielin CHEN, firstName=Tielin, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, address=2 Key Laboratory for Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044
3 School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154050847769088725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, authorId=1154050847609705167, language=CN, stringName=陈铁林, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, address=2 北京交通大学 城市地下工程教育部重点实验室 北京 100044
3 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院 北京 100044, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154050846582100660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846590489268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846582100660, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory for Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846594683573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846582100660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京交通大学 城市地下工程教育部重点实验室 北京 100044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154050846678569655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846686958264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846678569655, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846695346873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846678569655, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院 北京 100044)])]), Author(id=1154050847815226071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154050847894917851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, authorId=1154050847815226071, language=EN, stringName=Shunyu WANG, firstName=Shunyu, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, address=2 Key Laboratory for Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044
3 School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154050848008164062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, authorId=1154050847815226071, language=CN, stringName=王顺宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, address=2 北京交通大学 城市地下工程教育部重点实验室 北京 100044
3 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院 北京 100044, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154050846582100660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846590489268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846582100660, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory for Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846594683573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846582100660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京交通大学 城市地下工程教育部重点实验室 北京 100044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154050846678569655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846686958264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846678569655, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846695346873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846678569655, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院 北京 100044)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1154050848687641320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=urban rail transit), Keyword(id=1154050848742167274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=metro tunnels), Keyword(id=1154050848821859052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=backfill grouting), Keyword(id=1154050848888967918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=diffusion mechanism), Keyword(id=1154050848943493872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=numerical simulation), Keyword(id=1154050849002214131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=城市轨道交通), Keyword(id=1154050849060934390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=地铁隧道), Keyword(id=1154050849115460344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=壁后注浆), Keyword(id=1154050849165791994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=扩散机制), Keyword(id=1154050849237095164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=数值模拟)], refs=[Reference(id=1154050851653014294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=401, issue=null, pageStart=132690, pageEnd=132690, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=WEI Xueda, QIAO Xiaolei, CHEN Tielin, journalName=Construction and building materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference= WEI Xueda , QIAO Xiaolei , CHEN Tielin . Design framework for rehabilitation grout materials during metro operation period: a combination of improved central composite design modeling and multi-objective particle swarm optimization[J]. Construction and building materials, 2023, 401: 132690-132690., articleTitle=Design framework for rehabilitation grout materials during metro operation period: a combination of improved central composite design modeling and multi-objective particle swarm optimization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050851703345943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=韩宝明, 余怡然, 习喆, journalName=都市快轨交通, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩宝明, 余怡然, 习喆, 等. 2023年世界城市轨道交通运营统计与分析综述[J]. 都市快轨交通, 2024, 37(1): 1-9., articleTitle=2023年世界城市轨道交通运营统计与分析综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050851816592152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=HAN Baoming, YU Yiran, XI Zhe, journalName=Urban rapid rail transit, refType=null, unstructuredReference= HAN Baoming , YU Yiran , XI Zhe , et al. Statistical analysis of urban rail transit operations worldwide in 2023: a review[J]. Urban rapid rail transit, 2024, 37(1): 1-9., articleTitle=Statistical analysis of urban rail transit operations worldwide in 2023: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050851908866841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=10, pageStart=2051, pageEnd=2059, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=叶飞, 李思翰, 夏天晗, journalName=岩土工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶飞, 李思翰, 夏天晗, 等. 含水率影响下黄土盾构隧道壁后注浆浆液扩散特性试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2024, 46(10): 2051-2059., articleTitle=含水率影响下黄土盾构隧道壁后注浆浆液扩散特性试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050851959198490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=10, pageStart=2051, pageEnd=2059, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=YE Fei, LI Sihan, XIA Tianhan, journalName=Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference= YE Fei , LI Sihan , XIA Tianhan , et al. Experimental study on diffusion characteristics of backfill grouting in shield tunnels of loess under effects of moisture content[J]. Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, 2024, 46(10): 2051-2059., articleTitle=Experimental study on diffusion characteristics of backfill grouting in shield tunnels of loess under effects of moisture content, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852047278875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=238, issue=null, pageStart=109423, pageEnd=109423, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=LIU Wenli, SHAO Yixiao, LI Chen, journalName=Reliability engineering & system safety, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LIU Wenli , SHAO Yixiao , LI Chen , et al. Development of a non-Gaussian copula Bayesian network for safety assessment of metro tunnel maintenance[J]. Reliability engineering & system safety, 2023, 238: 109423-109423., articleTitle=Development of a non-Gaussian copula Bayesian network for safety assessment of metro tunnel maintenance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852118582044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=5, pageStart=758, pageEnd=762, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=周军霞, 陆劲松, 张玉, journalName=材料科学与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周军霞, 陆劲松, 张玉, 等. 考虑浆液粘时变性渗透注浆理论计算公式[J]. 材料科学与工程学报, 2019, 37(5): 758-762., articleTitle=考虑浆液粘时变性渗透注浆理论计算公式, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852206662429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=5, pageStart=758, pageEnd=762, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=ZHOU Junxia, LU Jinsong, ZHANG Yu, journalName=Journal of materials science and engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHOU Junxia , LU Jinsong , ZHANG Yu , et al. Calculation formula of permeation grouting considering slurry viscosity variation[J]. Journal of materials science and engineering, 2019, 37(5): 758-762., articleTitle=Calculation formula of permeation grouting considering slurry viscosity variation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852256994078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=47, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=马海龙, 杨敏, 夏群, journalName=工业建筑, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马海龙, 杨敏, 夏群. 对基于渗透注浆理论公式的探讨[J]. 工业建筑, 2000, 30(2): 47-50., articleTitle=对基于渗透注浆理论公式的探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852307325727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=47, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=MA Hailong, YANG Min, XIA Qun, journalName=Industrial construction, refType=null, unstructuredReference= MA Hailong , YANG Min , XIA Qun . Research on formula based on the theory of permeable grouting[J]. Industrial construction, 2000, 30(2): 47-50., articleTitle=Research on formula based on the theory of permeable grouting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852357657376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=5, pageStart=1190, pageEnd=1203, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=张连震, 黄长鑫, 张庆松, journalName=岩石力学与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张连震, 黄长鑫, 张庆松, 等. 基于速凝浆液流-固相变特性的裂隙岩体注浆扩散机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(5): 1190-1203., articleTitle=基于速凝浆液流-固相变特性的裂隙岩体注浆扩散机制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852407989025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=5, pageStart=1190, pageEnd=1203, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=11, authorNames=ZHANG Lianzhen, HUANG Changxin, ZHANG Qingsong, journalName=Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHANG Lianzhen , HUANG Changxin , ZHANG Qingsong , et al. Rock fissure grouting diffusion mechanism of quick-setting grout considering fluid-solid phase transition characteristics[J]. Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering, 2024, 43(5): 1190-1203., articleTitle=Rock fissure grouting diffusion mechanism of quick-setting grout considering fluid-solid phase transition characteristics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852466709282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=30, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=HAN Chenghao, ZHANG Weijie, ZHOU Wenwu, journalName=Carbonates and evaporites, refType=null, unstructuredReference= HAN Chenghao , ZHANG Weijie , ZHOU Wenwu , et al. Experimental investigation of the fracture grouting efficiency with consideration of the viscosity variation under dynamic pressure conditions[J]. Carbonates and evaporites, 2020, 35(2): 30-30., articleTitle=Experimental investigation of the fracture grouting efficiency with consideration of the viscosity variation under dynamic pressure conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852521235235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=665, pageEnd=674, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=张连震, 李志鹏, 刘人太, journalName=岩土工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张连震, 李志鹏, 刘人太, 等. 砂层劈裂–压密注浆模拟试验系统研发及试验[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(4): 665-674., articleTitle=砂层劈裂–压密注浆模拟试验系统研发及试验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852575761188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=665, pageEnd=674, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=ZHANG Lianzhen, LI Zhipeng, LI Rentai, journalName=Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHANG Lianzhen , LI Zhipeng , LI Rentai , et al. Simulation tests on fracture-compaction grouting process in sand layer[J]. Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, 2019, 41(4): 665-674., articleTitle=Simulation tests on fracture-compaction grouting process in sand layer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852634481445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=122, issue=null, pageStart=103497, pageEnd=103497, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=LI Shucai, PAN Dongdong, XU Zhenhao, journalName=Computers and geotechnics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LI Shucai , PAN Dongdong , XU Zhenhao , et al. Numerical simulation of dynamic water grouting using quick-setting slurry in rock fracture: the Sequential Diffusion and Solidification (SDS) method[J]. Computers and geotechnics, 2020, 122: 103497-103497., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of dynamic water grouting using quick-setting slurry in rock fracture: the Sequential Diffusion and Solidification (SDS) method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852689007398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=19, issue=4, pageStart=1929, pageEnd=1942, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=ZHANG Yichi, PAN Dongdong, LI Dongyue, journalName=Acta geotechnica, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHANG Yichi , PAN Dongdong , LI Dongyue , et al. Volume-of-fluid-based implementation for the spatiotemporal variation of viscosity in grouting process: transport time tracking approach[J]. Acta geotechnica, 2024, 19(4): 1929-1942., articleTitle=Volume-of-fluid-based implementation for the spatiotemporal variation of viscosity in grouting process: transport time tracking approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852739339047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=484, pageEnd=491, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=17, authorNames=程少振, 陈铁林, 郭玮卿, journalName=岩土工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程少振, 陈铁林, 郭玮卿, 等. 土体劈裂注浆过程的数值模拟及浆脉形态影响因素分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(3): 484-491., articleTitle=土体劈裂注浆过程的数值模拟及浆脉形态影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852789670696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=484, pageEnd=491, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=CHENG Shaozhen, CHEN Tielin, GUO Weiqing, journalName=Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CHENG Shaozhen , CHEN Tielin , GUO Weiqing , et al. Numerical simulation of fracture grouting and influencing factors for morphology of grout veins[J]. Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, 2019, 41(3): 484-491., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of fracture grouting and influencing factors for morphology of grout veins, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852840002345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=35, issue=增刊1, pageStart=3385, pageEnd=3393, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=孙子正, 李术才, 刘人太, journalName=岩石力学与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙子正, 李术才, 刘人太, 等. 软流塑地层注浆加固作用定量化研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(增刊1): 3385-3393., articleTitle=软流塑地层注浆加固作用定量化研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852890333994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=35, issue=增刊1, pageStart=3385, pageEnd=3393, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=SUN Zizheng, LI Shucai, LIU Rentai, journalName=Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SUN Zizheng , LI Shucai , LIU Rentai , et al. Quantitative research on grouting reinforcement of soft fluid-plastic stratum[J]. Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering, 2016, 35(增刊1): 3385-3393., articleTitle=Quantitative research on grouting reinforcement of soft fluid-plastic stratum, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852949054251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=45, issue=2, pageStart=667, pageEnd=675, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=张连震, 李志鹏, 张庆松, journalName=煤炭学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张连震, 李志鹏, 张庆松, 等. 砂层压密特性及其对劈裂-压密注浆扩散过程的影响[J]. 煤炭学报, 2020, 45(2): 667-675., articleTitle=砂层压密特性及其对劈裂-压密注浆扩散过程的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154050852999385900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=45, issue=2, pageStart=667, pageEnd=675, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=ZHANG Lianzhen, LI Zhipeng, ZHANG Qingsong, journalName=Journal of China coal society, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHANG Lianzhen , LI Zhipeng , ZHANG Qingsong , et al. Compaction behavior of sand layer and its effect on diffusion process of fracture-compaction grouting mode[J]. Journal of China coal society, 2020, 45(2): 667-675., articleTitle=Compaction behavior of sand layer and its effect on diffusion process of fracture-compaction grouting mode, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154050851422327571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, awardId=2023YJS051, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023YJS051), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154050851489436437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, awardId=3000-M999-JY-202203-0190, language=CN, fundingSource=南京地铁运营公司研究项目(3000-M999-JY-202203-0190), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154050845940372135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050845944566440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050845940372135, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Nanjing Metro Operation Co., Ltd. Nanjing 210012), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846506603185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050845940372135, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 南京地铁运营有限责任公司 南京 210012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154050846582100660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846590489268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846582100660, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory for Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846594683573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846582100660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京交通大学 城市地下工程教育部重点实验室 北京 100044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154050846678569655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846686958264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846678569655, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050846695346873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, companyId=1154050846678569655, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院 北京 100044)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154050850256311043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Numerical simulation of backfill grouting, figureFileSmall=tNN7PzR3y22rqcUNvGxN5g==, figureFileBig=LCtpXDyKpRwbCk8DTabFlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050850315031300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, label=图1, caption=壁后注浆数值模拟计算过程, figureFileSmall=tNN7PzR3y22rqcUNvGxN5g==, figureFileBig=LCtpXDyKpRwbCk8DTabFlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050850386334469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Leakage plugging effect of grouting behind subway tunnel wall in different strata, figureFileSmall=lFfuT4Y+I30em6pfW+nyFg==, figureFileBig=6Mujm7Xy3EtbELWOwxV1fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050850436666118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同地层地铁隧道壁后注浆堵漏效果, figureFileSmall=lFfuT4Y+I30em6pfW+nyFg==, figureFileBig=6Mujm7Xy3EtbELWOwxV1fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050850495386375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Numerical calculation model geometry size, figureFileSmall=Ga/5fsSeYnb33Fzr5bje+Q==, figureFileBig=mWBVI0Jem820Bd9VtpVGJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050850612826888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, label=图3, caption=数值计算模型几何尺寸, figureFileSmall=Ga/5fsSeYnb33Fzr5bje+Q==, figureFileBig=mWBVI0Jem820Bd9VtpVGJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050850675741449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Expansion process of grout in hard soils and distribution of grout veins, figureFileSmall=HDbQ/WTFRV2AQyuZdw4YCA==, figureFileBig=s30iMytdlSBCB/yTdgEU5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050850734461706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, label=图4, caption=注浆液在硬土中的扩展过程及浆脉分布, figureFileSmall=HDbQ/WTFRV2AQyuZdw4YCA==, figureFileBig=s30iMytdlSBCB/yTdgEU5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050850788987659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Expansion process of grout in soft soils and distribution of grout veins, figureFileSmall=YGhlLSzIwESXsTwf1kLqfA==, figureFileBig=iZ4remudbDaCTd3sqe6fyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050850843513612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, label=图5, caption=注浆液在软土中的扩展过程及浆脉分布, figureFileSmall=YGhlLSzIwESXsTwf1kLqfA==, figureFileBig=iZ4remudbDaCTd3sqe6fyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050850906428173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Model test apparatus, figureFileSmall=Cgu91tAccbQm5mJJH3me8A==, figureFileBig=yTDckggCk7A8V9c8VYGwYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050850965148430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, label=图6, caption=模型实验装置, figureFileSmall=Cgu91tAccbQm5mJJH3me8A==, figureFileBig=yTDckggCk7A8V9c8VYGwYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050851011285775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Grouting hole layout, figureFileSmall=fZIK/IYOFZfr16ivoAtdjg==, figureFileBig=on6XptLXn+ZwZC0dRAyhWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050851082588944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, label=图7, caption=注浆孔布设示意, figureFileSmall=fZIK/IYOFZfr16ivoAtdjg==, figureFileBig=on6XptLXn+ZwZC0dRAyhWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050851132920593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Physical and mechanical parameters of soils, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 硬土地层 软土地层
模量参数 $K$ 200 50
模量参数 ${K}_{\mathrm{b}}$ 100 20
模量参数 ${K}_{\mathrm{{ur}}}$ 400 100
常数 $m$ 0.5 0.4
常数 $n$ 0.6 0.5
土体破坏比 ${Rf}$ 0.95 0.95
黏聚力 $c/\mathrm{{kPa}}$ 20 5
摩擦角 $\varphi /\left( {}^{ \circ }\right)$ 30 20
浆液黏度系数 ${\mu }_{g0}$ /mPa s 7.1 7.1
水的黏度系数 ${\mu }_{w}/\mathrm{{mPa}}\mathrm{s}$ 1.0 1.0
浆液渗透系数 ${k}_{g0}/\left( {\mathrm{{cm}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$ $1 \times {10}^{-7}$ $1 \times {10}^{-7}$
水的渗透系数 ${k}_{w}/\left( {\mathrm{{cm}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$ $1 \times {10}^{-5}$ $1 \times {10}^{-5}$
土体的初始弹性 $E/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 20 5
换算系数 $\xi /\mathrm{m}$ ${10}^{-4}$ ${10}^{-4}$
形状参数 $\alpha$ 3 3
), ArticleFig(id=1154050851191640850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729536763409096, language=CN, label=表1, caption=土体物理力学参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 硬土地层 软土地层
模量参数 $K$ 200 50
模量参数 ${K}_{\mathrm{b}}$ 100 20
模量参数 ${K}_{\mathrm{{ur}}}$ 400 100
常数 $m$ 0.5 0.4
常数 $n$ 0.6 0.5
土体破坏比 ${Rf}$ 0.95 0.95
黏聚力 $c/\mathrm{{kPa}}$ 20 5
摩擦角 $\varphi /\left( {}^{ \circ }\right)$ 30 20
浆液黏度系数 ${\mu }_{g0}$ /mPa s 7.1 7.1
水的黏度系数 ${\mu }_{w}/\mathrm{{mPa}}\mathrm{s}$ 1.0 1.0
浆液渗透系数 ${k}_{g0}/\left( {\mathrm{{cm}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$ $1 \times {10}^{-7}$ $1 \times {10}^{-7}$
水的渗透系数 ${k}_{w}/\left( {\mathrm{{cm}} \cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}\right)$ $1 \times {10}^{-5}$ $1 \times {10}^{-5}$
土体的初始弹性 $E/\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 20 5
换算系数 $\xi /\mathrm{m}$ ${10}^{-4}$ ${10}^{-4}$
形状参数 $\alpha$ 3 3
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146119287908970507, delFlag=0, nameCn=都市快轨交通, nameEn=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1672-6073, eissn=, cn=11-5144/U, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=P1a+Ek/jjjHf/jufN8hKnw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Urban Rap Rail Trans, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1756899235814, createdBy=null, updatedBy=18614031015, firstLetterCn=U, firstLetterEn=U, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=P1a+Ek/jjjHf/jufN8hKnw==, picEn=Ml/zvLJzYsu7AhRo5kg9VQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1158448607830827008, language=CN, name=都市快轨交通, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国技术经济学会, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=北京市西直门外北京交通大学机械工程楼D905室, officeZip=100044, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.urt.cn, createdTime=1754125271042, updatedTime=1754125271042, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://dskgjt.ijournals.cn/dskgjt/site/menu/20200615141511001, submissionAuthorUrl=http://dskgjt.ijournals.cn/dskgjt/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=http://dskgjt.ijournals.cn/dskgjt/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://dskgjt.ijournals.cn/dskgjt/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1158448607931490305, language=EN, name=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1754125271065, updatedTime=1754125271065, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://dskgjt.ijournals.cn/dskgjten/site/menu/20241120152535001, submissionAuthorUrl=http://dskgjt.ijournals.cn/dskgjt/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=http://dskgjt.ijournals.cn/dskgjt/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://dskgjt.ijournals.cn/dskgjt/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146123302524792850, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202399789480, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146123302524792850, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dskgjt/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112779, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753522796719, updateBy=18614031015, name=都市快轨交通-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=都市快轨交通, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155921926926229709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202399789480, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753522863370, updateTime=1753522863370, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155921926905258186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202399789480, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753522863365, updateTime=1753522863365, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155921926896869577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202399789480, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=AqFiyT4buOvVaL3FTbHG1g==, createTime=1753522863363, updateTime=1753522863363, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155921926917841100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202399789480, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753522863368, updateTime=1753522863368, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155921926913646795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202399789480, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753522863367, updateTime=1753522863367, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155921810454626336, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146123302524792850, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dskgjt/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753522835604, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753522835604, updateBy=18614031015, name=都市快轨交通-英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155922050809192658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155921810454626336, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753522892906, updateTime=1753522892906, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155922050792415439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155921810454626336, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753522892902, updateTime=1753522892902, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155922050788221134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155921810454626336, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=AqFiyT4buOvVaL3FTbHG1g==, createTime=1753522892901, updateTime=1753522892901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155922050804998353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155921810454626336, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753522892905, updateTime=1753522892905, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155922050796609744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155921810454626336, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753522892903, updateTime=1753522892903, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=都市快轨交通, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, journalPhotoCn=P1a+Ek/jjjHf/jufN8hKnw==, journalPhotoEn=Ml/zvLJzYsu7AhRo5kg9VQ==, journalFirstLetter=U, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dskgjt/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.014, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dskgjt/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.014, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dskgjt/CN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.014, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dskgjt/EN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.014, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
运营期地铁隧道壁后注浆扩散机制研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
韩震 1 , 魏学达 2, 3 , 陈铁林 2, 3 , 王顺宇 2, 3
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2025,38(3): 100-107
收起
收藏切换
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2025, 38(3): 100-107
运营期地铁隧道壁后注浆扩散机制研究
全屏
韩震1 , 魏学达2, 3 , 陈铁林2, 3, 王顺宇2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 南京地铁运营有限责任公司 南京 210012
  • 2 北京交通大学 城市地下工程教育部重点实验室 北京 100044
  • 3 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院 北京 100044
  • 韩震,男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为城市轨道交通工程保护及隧道结构病害治理,

通讯作者:

魏学达,男,博士研究生,研究方向为运营期隧道病害治理,
Diffusion Mechanism of Backfill Grouting for Metro Tunnels During Operation Period
Zhen HAN1 , Xueda WEI2, 3 , Tielin CHEN2, 3, Shunyu WANG2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 Nanjing Metro Operation Co., Ltd. Nanjing 210012
  • 2 Key Laboratory for Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044
  • 3 School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.014
文章导航
收藏切换

为研究不同工况下运营期地铁隧道壁后注浆浆液的扩散机制,根据注浆所涉及的物理过程推导扩散过程中的数学模型,编制基于有限单元法与流体体积法的三维数值计算程序,以实际工程为背景分别模拟不同土体条件下运营期地铁隧道壁后注浆堵水时浆液的扩散行为,并采用室内模型试验验证数值模拟结果的合理性。研究结果表明:在硬土中,浆液主要是向垂直于衬砌结构的方向劈裂,浆脉在衬砌背后难以形成较大面积的封闭加固体;而在软土中,随着注浆压力的增大,浆液逐渐沿着隧道与土体的界面扩展,注浆结束后,浆液沿着隧道壁后形成一个均匀分布的封闭加固体。模型试验与数值模拟趋势相同,证明了隧道壁后注浆扩散机制的正确性。

城市轨道交通  /  地铁隧道  /  壁后注浆  /  扩散机制  /  数值模拟

To investigate the diffusion mechanism of backfill grouting slurry in metro tunnels under different working conditions during the operation period, a mathematical model of the diffusion process was derived based on the physical processes involved in grouting. A threedimensional numerical simulation program, developed using the finite element method (FEM) and the volume of fluid (VOF) method, was applied. Using an actual project during the operation period as a case study, the diffusion behavior of backfill grouting in metro tunnels under different soil conditions was simulated, and the rationality of the numerical simulation results was validated through laboratory model tests. The results indicate that in hard soils, the slurry predominantly fractures in a direction perpendicular to the lining structure, making it difficult to form a large closed reinforcement area behind the lining. In contrast, in soft soils, as the grouting pressure increases, the slurry gradually spreads along the interface between the tunnel and the soil. Upon completion of grouting, the slurry forms a uniformly distributed closed reinforcement along the tunnel wall. The consistency between the model test and numerical simulation trends confirms the reliability of the grouting diffusion mechanism behind the tunnel wall.

urban rail transit  /  metro tunnels  /  backfill grouting  /  diffusion mechanism  /  numerical simulation
韩震, 魏学达, 陈铁林, 王顺宇. 运营期地铁隧道壁后注浆扩散机制研究. 都市快轨交通, 2025 , 38 (3) : 100 -107 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.014
Zhen HAN, Xueda WEI, Tielin CHEN, Shunyu WANG. Diffusion Mechanism of Backfill Grouting for Metro Tunnels During Operation Period[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2025 , 38 (3) : 100 -107 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.014
随着城市化进程的加快, 地铁在城市基础设施体系建设和公共交通中发挥着重要作用 [1] 。据统计,截至 2023 年底我国有 66 个城市开通城市轨道交通线路, 运营里程达11 232.65 km[2] 。然而,受工程环境、施工质量与运营荷载等因素的影响, 地铁隧道中渗漏水、 不均匀沉降、结构变形等病害时有发生, 已成为制约运营期地铁隧道安全服役的重大难题之一。因此, 为达到隧道 100 年以上的设计使用寿命, 对运营期隧道病害的治理是当前的重要课题之一 [3 - 4]
注浆是处理渗漏水、不均匀沉降、结构变形等典型隧道病害的有效手段, 其中注浆扩散范围作为注浆设计中最重要的工艺参数之一, 受到了工程技术人员的广泛关注。在注浆扩散半径解析方法方面, 经典的 Maag 理论以 Darcy 定律为基础, 假设被注土体均匀连续各向同性, 且只适用于以球形扩散、柱形扩散或柱- 半球形扩散为主的渗透注浆 [5] 。为使注浆扩散半径的计算公式能与工程实际更贴切, 众多学者从浆液的流变性、被注土体的力学特性、颗粒型浆材的渗滤特性等方面对注浆扩散问题做深入探讨。马海龙等 [6] 将土体视为弹塑性服从 Tresca 准则, 认为浆液为牛顿流体, 在 Maag 理论的基础上, 完善了球形扩散情况下渗透注浆扩散半径计算公式。张连震等 [7] 进一步认为浆液屈服应力具有时变特性, 并推导了基于屈服应力、浆液黏度均随时间变化的浆液扩散模型。试验研究方面: Han 等 [8] 分别测量了周期增压、定压和周期减压等注浆模式下动水注浆的扩散范围; 张连震等 [9] 使用自主研发的可视化注浆模拟试验系统开展砂层劈裂-压密注浆模拟试验, 并揭示了砂层劈裂-压密注浆的扩散规律。数值模拟方面, Li等[10]提出顺序扩散与凝固的数值模拟方法并用于模拟速凝型浆液的扩散行为, 其模拟结果与试验结果相对比误差在 15%以下; Zhang 等 [11] 考虑浆液黏度的时空变化,采用 OpenFOAM 基于 VOF 理论追踪了注浆过程的相界面, 进而实现了注浆扩散过程的模拟。
目前, 众多学者在注浆扩散半径计算公式、注浆扩散试验及其数值模拟研究等方面开展了大量深入研究。理论计算公式均假设土体为均匀连续各向同性, 然而对于高度变异性的岩土材料来说, 各向同性的假设难以反映真实的工程实际情况。与注浆相关的室内试验受试验维度、模型尺度、边界条件等制约, 其结果可能与工程实际有所差别; 同时, 试验程序的复杂性导致试验工况数量较为有限, 其总结的规律也并不真实。目前对注浆的数值模拟研究大多只考虑了浆液扩散过程的界面追踪问题。然而, 浆液在岩土介质中的流动是应力-渗流双向耦合的过程。此外, 在不同被注环境中, 浆液可能表现出压密、渗透、劈裂等不同注浆扩散模式。因此, 有必要开发一种数值模拟研究方法, 在深刻理解注浆扩散过程中应力-渗流双向耦合的基础上, 能实现在不同注浆环境中压密、渗透、劈裂等不同注浆模式的统一模拟, 从而更好地指导如何注浆。
本研究考虑了注浆扩散过程中应力-渗流双向耦合,基于土体强度准则实现了压密、渗透、劈裂等不同注浆扩散模式的统一模拟, 并使用流体体积法追踪浆液扩散面, 进而实现了考虑注浆扩散过程物理机制的数值模拟; 最后以隧道渗漏治理为工程实例, 对硬土与软土两种情况开展数值模拟研究, 并开展模型试验用于验证数值模拟的合理性。
浆液在土体中的扩散行为是一个应力-渗流耦合的过程, 此外应考虑浆液压力超过土体强度时劈裂土体而继续扩散的现象。假设土体孔隙被浆液或水完全占据, 则注浆过程为浆一水两相流, 可采用流体体积法进行界面追踪 [12] 。基于上述物理机制,推导壁后注浆的控制方程。
基于 Terzaghi 有效应力原理, 土骨架与孔隙水压力之间存在耦合关系。有效应力原理可用式(1)表示:
$ {\sigma }_{ij} = {\sigma }_{ij}^{\prime } + {\delta }_{ij}{\beta p} $
式中, ${\sigma }_{ij}$ 为总应力; ${\sigma }_{ij}^{\prime }$ 为有效应力张量; ${\delta }_{ij}$ 为 Kronecker 符号,当 $i = j$ 时, ${\delta }_{ij} = 1$ ,当 $i \neq j$ 时, ${\delta }_{ij} = 0;p$ 为孔隙流体压力; $\beta$ 为比奥固结系数, Terzaghi 公式中 $\beta$ 取 1。
岩土介质内任意时刻某位置平衡方程为:
$ \frac{\partial {\sigma }_{ij}^{\prime }}{\partial {x}_{j}} + \frac{\partial \left( {\beta p}\right) }{\partial {x}_{j}} + {b}_{i} = 0 $
式中, ${b}_{i}$ 为体力矢量。
为消除空间坐标变化带来的影响, 引入每一时步内增量形式的平衡方程:
$ \frac{\partial \Delta {\sigma }_{ij}^{\prime }}{\partial {x}_{j}} + \frac{\partial \Delta \left( {\beta p}\right) }{\partial {x}_{j}} + \Delta {b}_{i} = 0 $
几何方程用增量形式写为:
$ \Delta {\varepsilon }_{ij} = - \frac{1}{2}\left( {\frac{\partial \Delta {u}_{i}}{\partial {x}_{i}} + \frac{\partial \Delta {u}_{i}}{\partial {x}_{j}}}\right) $
式中, ${\varepsilon }_{ij}$ 为应变张量; ${u}_{i}$ 为位移矢量。
岩土介质中骨架的本构关系为:
$ \Delta {\sigma }_{ij} = {\mathbf{D}}_{ijkl}\Delta {\varepsilon }_{kl} $
式中, ${\mathbf{D}}_{ijkl}$ 为岩土介质刚度矩阵; $\Delta {\varepsilon }_{ij}$ 为应变张量增量形式。
假设孔隙中流体在岩土骨架内部的流动符合 Darcy 定律, 则其流速为:
$ {q}_{i} = - \frac{{K}_{ij}}{\gamma }\frac{\partial p}{\partial {x}_{j}} $
式中, ${q}_{i}$ 为孔隙流体的速度矢量; ${K}_{ij}$ 为岩土介质骨架的渗透率矩阵; $\gamma$ 为孔隙流体单位重度。
孔隙液体在岩石内部的流动遵循质量守恒定律, 即:
$ \frac{\partial {\varepsilon }_{v}}{\partial t} = \frac{\partial {q}_{i}}{\partial {x}_{i}} + \frac{\partial \left( {n \cdot c \cdot p}\right) }{\partial t} - f $
式中, $n$ 为岩土介质的孔隙率; $c$ 为流体压缩系数; $t$ 为时间; $f$ 为源汇项; ${\varepsilon }_{v}$ 为岩土介质骨架的体积应变,通过式(8)求得:
$ {\varepsilon }_{v} = - \frac{\partial {u}_{i}}{\partial {x}_{i}} $
联立式(6) $\sim$ 式(8),求得岩土介质孔隙内部流体增量形式的质量守恒方程:
$ \frac{1}{{\gamma }_{w}}\frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}\left( {{K}_{ij}\frac{\partial {\Delta p}}{\partial {x}_{j}}}\right) - \frac{\partial \left( {n \cdot c \cdot {\Delta p}}\right) }{\partial t} - \frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}\left( \frac{\partial \Delta {u}_{i}}{\partial t}\right) + f = 0 $
式(9)中,第 1 项为流体渗流的体积率;第 2 项为流体压缩的体积率;第 3 项为流体体积的积累速率; ${\gamma }_{w}$ 为水的重度。
模型域 $\Omega$$\Gamma$ 为边界,其内部由岩土骨架与孔隙流体占据, 边界条件如下:
边界条件:
$ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} u\left( {x, t}\right) = \bar{u}\left( {x, t}\right) \;\forall x \in {\Gamma }_{u}, t \in T \\ {\sigma }_{\text{tot }}\left( {x, t}\right) \cdot n\left( x\right) = \bar{F}\left( {x, t}\right) \;\forall x \in {\Gamma }_{\sigma }, t \in T \\ p\left( {x, t}\right) = \bar{p}\left( {x, t}\right) \;\forall x \in {\Gamma }_{p}, t \in T \\ v\left( {x, t}\right) \cdot n\left( x\right) = \bar{q}\left( {x, t}\right) \;\forall x \in {\Gamma }_{q}, t \in T \end{array}\right. $
式中, ${\Gamma }_{u}\text{、}{\Gamma }_{\sigma }\text{、}{\Gamma }_{p}\text{、}{\Gamma }_{q}$ 规定了岩土介质骨架位移、总应力、孔隙水压和流量的边界条件。
初始条件如下:
$ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} u\left( {x, t}\right) = {\bar{u}}_{0}\left( {x, t}\right) \\ p\left( {x, t}\right) = {\bar{p}}_{0}\left( {x, t}\right) \end{array}\right. $
在注浆过程中, 如果土体中应力超过土体强度则会产生劈裂注浆模式, 其裂缝的开启分别遵循最大拉应力准则与 Mohr-Coulomb 抗剪准则:
$ {\sigma }_{3}^{\prime } \leq - {\sigma }_{\mathrm{t}}^{\prime } $
$ F = \left( {{c}^{\prime } + {\sigma }^{\prime }\tan {\varphi }^{\prime }}\right) - \tau $
式中, ${\sigma }_{3}^{\prime }$ 为最小有效主应力; ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{t}}^{\prime }$ 为有效抗拉强度; $\tau$ 为剪应力; ${\sigma }^{\prime }$ 为有效法向应力; ${c}^{\prime }$ 为有效黏聚力; ${\varphi }^{\prime }$ 为有效内摩擦角。
裂缝在扩展过程中其刚度下降, 表达为:
$ {E}^{\prime } = E{\mathrm{e}}^{\frac{-b}{\xi }} $
式中, $E$ 为土体弹性模量; $b$ 为裂缝开度; $\xi$ 为换算参数。
裂缝单元在裂缝方向渗透性增强。裂缝内浆液的流速 ${v}_{x}\left( y\right)$ 可表达为:
$ {v}_{x}\left( y\right) = - \frac{1}{8\eta }\frac{\partial p}{\partial x}\left( {4{y}^{2} - {b}^{2}}\right) $
式中, $\eta$ 为浆液的动力黏滞系数。
裂缝内流体流量 $q$ 可表示为:
$ q = 2{\int }_{0}^{b/2}{v}_{x}\left( y\right) \mathrm{d}y = - \frac{\gamma J}{4\eta }{\int }_{0}^{b/2}\left( {{b}^{2} - 4{y}^{2}}\right) \mathrm{d}y = - \frac{{b}^{3}\gamma }{12\eta }J $
式中, $J$ 为水力坡降; $\gamma$ 为孔隙流体的重度。
此时,裂缝浆液的流速 $v$ 可表示为:
$ v = q/b = - \frac{{b}^{2}{\gamma }_{w}}{12\eta }J $
采用 Duncan-Chang 作为土体的本构模型。土体的切线弹性模量 ${E}_{t}$ 可以表示为:
$ {E}_{t} = K{p}_{a}{\left( \frac{{\sigma }_{3}}{{p}_{a}}\right) }^{n}{\left\lbrack 1 - \frac{{R}_{f}\left( {1 - \sin \varphi }\right) \left( {{\sigma }_{1} - {\sigma }_{3}}\right) }{{2c}\cos \varphi + 2{\sigma }_{3}\sin \varphi }\right\rbrack }^{2} $
卸载和再加载弹性模量 ${E}_{ur}$ 为:
$ {E}_{ur} = {K}_{ur}{p}_{a}{\left( \frac{{\sigma }_{3}}{{p}_{a}}\right) }^{n} $
切线体积模量 ${B}_{t}$ 为:
$ {B}_{t} = {K}_{b}{p}_{a}{\left( \frac{{\sigma }_{3}}{{p}_{a}}\right) }^{m} $
式中, $c$ 为黏聚力; $\varphi$ 为内摩擦角; ${p}_{a}$ 为大气压力; $K$${K}_{b}$${K}_{ur}$ 为模量参数; $m$$n$ 为常数; ${R}_{f}$ 为破坏比。
流体体积法(Volume of fluid technique, VOF)前沿锋的追踪方法。本研究采用 VOF 方法追踪浆液的扩散范围。
如果 $f$ 代表流体体积分数,此时根据控制容积法, 遵从以下关系:
$ \partial f/\partial t + v \cdot \nabla f = 0 $
式(21)意味着域内孔隙总是被某种流体占据。若完全被浆液占据则 $f = 1$ ; 若完全被水占据则 $f = 0$ 。若浆液与水共存,则 $f$ 取值在 $0 \sim 1$ 之间。
考虑土体材料性质的不均匀性, 假设其属性服从 Weibull 分布,其概率密度函数 $\psi$ 为:
$ \psi = \frac{\alpha }{{\eta }_{0}}{\left( \frac{\eta }{{\eta }_{0}}\right) }^{\alpha - 1}\exp \left\lbrack {-{\left( \frac{\eta }{{\eta }_{0}}\right) }^{\alpha }}\right\rbrack $
式中, $\alpha$ 为形状参数; $\eta$ 为某种属性的变量; ${\eta }_{0}$ 为对应材料属性的平均值。
基于上述物理过程, 利用课题组自主开发的有限元求解器, 开展壁后注浆扩散过程数值模拟, 其计算过程如图1所示。
有限元程序首先利用式(1) $\sim$ 式(9)应力场与渗流场计算单元应力, 利用式(12)、式(13)判断是否发生劈裂注浆, 如果为劈裂注浆, 则利用 VOF 判断劈裂缝中充填的是水或浆液。对劈裂缝中充填水的情况, 利用式(14)计算土体弹性模量的退化情况,再用式(15)计算孔隙水速度并再代入流固耦合计算; 对劈裂缝中充填浆液的情况, 利用式(15)计算浆液速度并再代入流固耦合计算。该过程循环进行直至最后一个时步结束计算。
壁后注浆是运营期隧道堵水工程中最常采用的方法之一, 然而浆液在不同土体中的扩散模式可能是不同的, 对注浆扩散机制认识不清会导致堵水失败, 甚至出现多次修复、越堵越漏的情况。以两个运营期隧道堵水工程实例为背景, 利用课题组自主开发的有限元求解器, 以第 1 章中控制方程编制的数值模拟程序, 分别针对两种典型土体中隧道壁后注浆扩散过程及封堵效果进行对照与研究。
某地铁处于硬土地层, 采用壁后注浆对其渗漏部位进行治理。实际施工中发现,原渗漏部位并没有得到有效封堵, 反而邻近接缝处产生了新的渗漏(见图2(a) )。而另一地铁所处的软土地层, 采用同样的壁后注浆工艺成功地对渗漏部位进行了加固(见图2(b))。
本研究首先对上述两种工况浆液的扩散过程进行数值模拟, 进而对比分析这两个工程的成败原因。
模型尺寸长宽高为 $4\mathrm{\;m} \times 4\mathrm{\;m} \times 4\mathrm{\;m}$ ,衬砌壁厚 ${0.4}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 注浆口设置在隧道壁后 ${0.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处 (见图3)。
模型顶部施加荷载, 用以模拟上覆土层(覆土厚度假定为 ${10}\mathrm{\;m}$ ),分别考虑软、硬两种土体,其物理力学参数如表1所示。在运营期隧道渗漏水治理中, 为保障隧道结构与既有设备的安全,注浆压力不宜过大, 注浆压力通常根据水文地质条件及注浆目的制定, 相关工程常用注浆压力壁后为水压的 2 倍 [13] 。本研究考虑不同水文地质条件并综合运营期地铁隧道注浆病害治理经验,分别模拟了注浆压力水平在 ${0.05}\text{、}{0.1}\text{、}{0.2}$ 、 0.3、0.4、 ${0.5}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时的壁后注浆扩散范围。
硬土中浆液扩散过程及浆脉分布结果如图4所示。 当注浆压力为 ${0.05}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,浆液沿着隧道衬砌壁扩散, 其扩散半径较小, 无法形成明显的浆脉。注浆压力增加至 ${0.2}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,浆液沿隧道衬砌表面扩散的同时, 出现明显的向垂直于隧道衬砌方向扩展的趋势。 这是因为当浆液填充满隧道与土体的界面后, 增大注浆压力, 浆液会劈裂土体从而引入更多的浆液流入土体中; 注浆压力继续增大至 ${0.4}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 以上时,相比于注浆压力为 ${0.3}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,沿着隧道衬砌表面的扩展量变化不大, 而是浆液反作用于衬砌, 在衬砌结构的被动压力作用下, 持续向土体挤压, 形成垂直于衬砌的劈裂注浆效果。这主要是因为当注浆压力达到一定数值后, 土体的最大主应力垂直于衬砌表面, 这与张连震等 [14] 对砂层劈裂注浆扩散过程研究中注浆劈裂方向为大主应力方向的研究结果一致。
在硬土中, 壁后注浆的浆液很难形成较大面积的封闭加固体, 而是最终形成垂直于衬砌的劈裂浆脉。 此时, 需要注意控制注浆压力大小, 以防注浆压力引起衬砌结构产生变形, 进而出现新的透水缝。
软土中浆液扩散过程及浆脉分布结果如图5所示。 当注浆压力小于 ${0.2}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,浆液扩散范围较小,出现聚集现象, 这主要是因为在软土中首先形成压密注浆。注浆压力达到 ${0.3}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 时,浆液开始沿着衬砌表面扩展, 这主要是由于土体和隧道衬砌结构的接触面之间形成弱面, 故而流体选择填充软弱界面并沿其方向扩展;继续增大注浆压力,浆液在土体中的扩展模型没有变化, 但扩散半径增大, 最终在衬砌与土体的表面形成一个明显封闭的加固体。
本研究分别开展硬土地层与软土地层条件下, 隧道壁后注浆模型试验, 以验证软土地层隧道壁后注浆扩散机制数值模型的正确性。
本模型试验用于模拟运营期隧道的注浆堵水。模型试验箱为底面封闭无上盖的立方体模型,如图6所示, 模型试验箱的长、宽、高均为 ${800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,其中一侧面为厚度 ${350}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的混凝土,用于模拟隧道衬砌,其余三面为 ${30}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 厚的透明钢化玻璃,模型箱内部填土厚度 ${500}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
在混凝土板上确定两个钻孔位置, 如图7所示, 其中 $\mathrm{a}$ 孔为观察孔连接注浆管,直径为 ${20}\mathrm{\;{mm}},\mathrm{\;b}$ 孔为注浆孔连接注浆管,直径为 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。在试验过程中, 若观察孔内无渗漏水流出, 即代表堵水成功。
模型试验所用的硬土与软土取自两个不同的地铁车站施工现场。原土取回后在土中加水至饱和, 然后在模型顶部施加荷载以模拟覆土压力。
注浆材料使用速凝型浆液, 测得其凝结时间约为 ${15}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 。衬砌面预制了观察孔 $\mathrm{a}$ (直径 ${20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ )和注浆孔 $\mathrm{b}$ (直径 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ),其中 $\mathrm{a}$ 孔中安装带球阀的排水管 (安装前确保处于阀门关闭状态),在 $\mathrm{b}$ 孔中安设注浆管, 排水管与注浆管均使用快硬水泥与衬砌表面固定且保证与衬砌封闭。
注浆过程中, 打开观察孔 a 中的排水管, 考虑模型箱尺寸与数值模拟的换算比例,试验中注浆孔 $\mathrm{b}$ 中浆料的注浆压力控制在 ${0.1}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ 。当观察孔或模型任意位置出现漏浆时,停止注浆,静置 ${10}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后继续注浆; 直至观察孔内无渗漏水流出, 代表隧道壁后注浆堵水成功。
待注浆完成 ${24}\mathrm{\;h}$ 后,通过人工开挖的方法观察浆液扩散情况。在硬土地层中, 隧道壁后注浆的浆液主要沿着垂直衬砌表面的方向扩展。在软土地层中, 浆液最终紧贴隧道衬砌壁面,形成了一层厚度约为 $3\mathrm{\;{cm}}$ 的封闭式固结体, 且未见明显的向垂直衬砌表面的劈裂现象。
综上所述, 无论在硬土地层还是在软土地层中, 模型试验所得注浆扩散结果均与数值计算得到的注浆扩散模式相同, 证明了本研究成果注浆扩散机制及其数值计算程序的可靠性。
1)研究揭示了地层注浆扩散机制。浆液在土体中的扩散遵循应力-渗流耦合的过程, 当浆液压力超过土体强度时, 劈裂土体继续扩散, 相应裂缝单元的渗透性增强。注浆过程中土体孔隙被浆液或水中的某种流体占据, 可通过流体体积分数计算追踪浆液在土体中的流动界面。基于上述地层注浆的物理过程, 开发了基于流体体积法的三维有限元程序, 可研究不同工况下地层注浆扩散, 从而科学地指导注浆工程。
2)通过两种典型土体中隧道壁后注浆扩散过程的数值模拟,得到了浆液在不同状态地层的扩散模式。 在硬土地层中, 单点注浆时浆液主要是向垂直于衬砌结构的方向劈裂模式, 无法在衬砌结构背后形成较大面积的封闭的加固体;在软土地层中, 随着注浆压力的增大, 浆液逐渐沿着隧道与土体的界面扩展, 直至注浆结束时, 浆液沿着隧道壁后形成一个均匀分布的封闭的加固体。
3)通过开展相似模拟试验验证了注浆扩散机制数值模拟的可靠性。在硬土地层中, 注浆液最终在土体中形成独立的浆脉, 浆脉的扩展方向偏向于垂直衬砌表面; 而在软土地层中, 浆液紧贴隧道衬砌壁面, 形成了封闭式固结体。试验现象与数值模拟结果趋势吻合, 证明了注浆扩散机制的数学模型与数值计算的正确性。
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023YJS051)
  • 南京地铁运营公司研究项目(3000-M999-JY-202203-0190)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
WEI Xueda , QIAO Xiaolei , CHEN Tielin . Design framework for rehabilitation grout materials during metro operation period: a combination of improved central composite design modeling and multi-objective particle swarm optimization[J]. Construction and building materials, 2023, 401: 132690-132690.
[2]
韩宝明, 余怡然, 习喆, 等. 2023年世界城市轨道交通运营统计与分析综述[J]. 都市快轨交通, 2024, 37(1): 1-9.
HAN Baoming , YU Yiran , XI Zhe , et al. Statistical analysis of urban rail transit operations worldwide in 2023: a review[J]. Urban rapid rail transit, 2024, 37(1): 1-9.
[3]
叶飞, 李思翰, 夏天晗, 等. 含水率影响下黄土盾构隧道壁后注浆浆液扩散特性试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2024, 46(10): 2051-2059.
YE Fei , LI Sihan , XIA Tianhan , et al. Experimental study on diffusion characteristics of backfill grouting in shield tunnels of loess under effects of moisture content[J]. Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, 2024, 46(10): 2051-2059.
[4]
LIU Wenli , SHAO Yixiao , LI Chen , et al. Development of a non-Gaussian copula Bayesian network for safety assessment of metro tunnel maintenance[J]. Reliability engineering & system safety, 2023, 238: 109423-109423.
[5]
周军霞, 陆劲松, 张玉, 等. 考虑浆液粘时变性渗透注浆理论计算公式[J]. 材料科学与工程学报, 2019, 37(5): 758-762.
ZHOU Junxia , LU Jinsong , ZHANG Yu , et al. Calculation formula of permeation grouting considering slurry viscosity variation[J]. Journal of materials science and engineering, 2019, 37(5): 758-762.
[6]
马海龙, 杨敏, 夏群. 对基于渗透注浆理论公式的探讨[J]. 工业建筑, 2000, 30(2): 47-50.
MA Hailong , YANG Min , XIA Qun . Research on formula based on the theory of permeable grouting[J]. Industrial construction, 2000, 30(2): 47-50.
[7]
张连震, 黄长鑫, 张庆松, 等. 基于速凝浆液流-固相变特性的裂隙岩体注浆扩散机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(5): 1190-1203.
ZHANG Lianzhen , HUANG Changxin , ZHANG Qingsong , et al. Rock fissure grouting diffusion mechanism of quick-setting grout considering fluid-solid phase transition characteristics[J]. Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering, 2024, 43(5): 1190-1203.
[8]
HAN Chenghao , ZHANG Weijie , ZHOU Wenwu , et al. Experimental investigation of the fracture grouting efficiency with consideration of the viscosity variation under dynamic pressure conditions[J]. Carbonates and evaporites, 2020, 35(2): 30-30.
[9]
张连震, 李志鹏, 刘人太, 等. 砂层劈裂–压密注浆模拟试验系统研发及试验[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(4): 665-674.
ZHANG Lianzhen , LI Zhipeng , LI Rentai , et al. Simulation tests on fracture-compaction grouting process in sand layer[J]. Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, 2019, 41(4): 665-674.
[10]
LI Shucai , PAN Dongdong , XU Zhenhao , et al. Numerical simulation of dynamic water grouting using quick-setting slurry in rock fracture: the Sequential Diffusion and Solidification (SDS) method[J]. Computers and geotechnics, 2020, 122: 103497-103497.
[11]
ZHANG Yichi , PAN Dongdong , LI Dongyue , et al. Volume-of-fluid-based implementation for the spatiotemporal variation of viscosity in grouting process: transport time tracking approach[J]. Acta geotechnica, 2024, 19(4): 1929-1942.
[12]
程少振, 陈铁林, 郭玮卿, 等. 土体劈裂注浆过程的数值模拟及浆脉形态影响因素分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(3): 484-491.
CHENG Shaozhen , CHEN Tielin , GUO Weiqing , et al. Numerical simulation of fracture grouting and influencing factors for morphology of grout veins[J]. Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, 2019, 41(3): 484-491.
[13]
孙子正, 李术才, 刘人太, 等. 软流塑地层注浆加固作用定量化研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(增刊1): 3385-3393.
SUN Zizheng , LI Shucai , LIU Rentai , et al. Quantitative research on grouting reinforcement of soft fluid-plastic stratum[J]. Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering, 2016, 35(增刊1): 3385-3393.
[14]
张连震, 李志鹏, 张庆松, 等. 砂层压密特性及其对劈裂-压密注浆扩散过程的影响[J]. 煤炭学报, 2020, 45(2): 667-675.
ZHANG Lianzhen , LI Zhipeng , ZHANG Qingsong , et al. Compaction behavior of sand layer and its effect on diffusion process of fracture-compaction grouting mode[J]. Journal of China coal society, 2020, 45(2): 667-675.
2025年第38卷第3期
PDF下载
211
73
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.014
  • 接收时间:2024-07-15
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-01
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-15
  • 修回日期:2024-11-23
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023YJS051)
南京地铁运营公司研究项目(3000-M999-JY-202203-0190)
作者信息
    1 南京地铁运营有限责任公司 南京 210012
    2 北京交通大学 城市地下工程教育部重点实验室 北京 100044
    3 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院 北京 100044

通讯作者:

魏学达,男,博士研究生,研究方向为运营期隧道病害治理,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dskgjt/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.03.014
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏