Article(id=1149729530891383228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524688007450, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716048000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-19, revisedDate=1722787200000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752046481106, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1743436800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752046481106, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752046481106, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752046481106, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149729524688007450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2025', volume='38', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='177', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752046479627, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780095764, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000837835870332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524688007450, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000837835870333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524688007450, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=39, endPage=45, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149729531260481993, articleId=1149729530891383228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Research on Model Selection of Medium and Low Carrying-capacity Urban Rail Transit Based on CRITIC-TOPSIS Model, columnId=1152669340382966151, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Forum of Rapid Rail Transit, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Guided by the need to address the shortcomings of subjective selection and the mismatch between capacity and demand in the selection of existing medium and low capacity urban rail transit standards, the standardized and procedural decisionmaking system for standard selection is developed. Firstly, the 4 criterion and 16 index evaluation system is established, considering constraints such as peak hour passenger flow, minimum transport capacity reserve, and the number of train operations. A multiobjective optimization model is constructed to determine the set of candidate rail transit systems. Besides, the CRITICTOPSIS algorithm is constructed to determine the weight coefficient values of each indicator and the optimal solution distance, thereby determining the optimal track system. Finally, using the Sline as the background for example verification, 5 alternative track systems are evaluated through a quantitative model. The CRITIC and TOPSIS algorithms were implemented using Python software. The decision values of rail transportation system rank in the order of selfguided monorail, crossseat monorail, light rail, guideway rubber wheel and low and mediumspeed magnetic levitation, indicating that the optimal rail system for line S is the selfguided monorail. Analyzing the standardized scoring matrix and index weight values of each type of rail system, the research results show that the model and algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively solve the problem of low and mediumcapacity rail transportation system selection.

, correspAuthors=Xuesong LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xuesong LI, Yuhong CHAO, Chuangchuang XU, Changhai WEI, Yukai LYU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149729540756386678, articleId=1149729530891383228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=基于CRITIC-TOPSIS 模型的中低运量城市轨道交通制式选型, columnId=1152669340680761737, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=快轨论坛, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

既有中低运量城市轨道交通制式选型主观性过强、运力与需求不匹配,为解决此问题,结合地区经济发展程度、人口规模及客流需求等特征,构建一套规范化、流程化制式选型决策体系。根据8类中低运量城轨制式技术特征,建立4准则、16指标评价体系。考虑高峰小时客流、最低运能储备及列车开行对数等约束条件,构建以系统运能、运能储备及系统造价综合最小的多目标优化模型,从而确定备选轨道制式集合。在此基础上,构建CRITICTOPSIS 轨道制式综合决策模型,确定各指标权重系数值及最优解距离,从而确定最优轨道制式。以某线路为背景进行实例验证,求解定量模型计算得到自导向轨道、跨座式单轨、轻轨、导轨式胶轮及中低速磁浮5类备选轨道制式,通过 CRITICTOPSIS 求解确定该线路最优轨道制式为自导向轨道。本文所建模型及算法以期为解决中低运量城市轨道交通制式选型问题提供借鉴。

, correspAuthors=李雪松, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DyXwl7dH/Zx18ShwcNGoVA==, magXml=pn5hiaHnYa/Z/P+OcQ9baQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=FPwYUTzHOdXIl3QxR4xA1A==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=1vOfFbgwd8aFL79QoDwq2w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李雪松,男,本科,高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通线路优化研究,

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Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2022, 42(5): 968-974., articleTitle=Comprehensive decision-making model of urban rail transit systems in metropolitan area, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154050916601811720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729530891383228, awardId=22JR5RA379, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省科技厅计划项目(22JR5RA379), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154050916652143369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729530891383228, awardId=2023A-037, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省教育厅项目(2023A-037), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154050907441451544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729530891383228, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050907445645849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729530891383228, companyId=1154050907441451544, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 CRRC P&D Institute Co., Ltd. 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分类名称 运输能力(人次/h)
大运能系统 $\geq {30000}$
中运能系统 中大运能系统 15000~30000(不含)
中小运能系统 10000~15000(不含)
低运能系统 $< {10000}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154050916090106625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729530891383228, language=CN, label=表1, caption=城市轨道交通分类, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类名称 运输能力(人次/h)
大运能系统 $\geq {30000}$
中运能系统 中大运能系统 15000~30000(不含)
中小运能系统 10000~15000(不含)
低运能系统 $< {10000}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154050916157215490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729530891383228, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Technical characteristics of medium and low-capacity urban rail transit, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统制式 运输能力/ (万人/h) 最大坡度/ %o 最小曲线 半径/m 最高速度/ (km/h) 敷设方式 路口处理 路权形式 造价/ (亿元/km) 建设周期/a
轻轨系统 $1 \sim 3$ 35 50 70~120 高架 立交 专有 $2 \sim 3$ $3 \sim 4$
中低速磁浮交通 $1 \sim 3$ 60 50 ${80} \sim {200}$ 高架 立交 专有 $4 \sim 6$ $2 \sim 4$
跨座式单轨 $1 \sim 3$ 60 100 80 ~ 120 高架 立交 专有 1.5 ~ 4 2
悬挂式单轨 0.5 ~ 1.5 60 50 60~80 高架 立交 专有 1.5 ~ 3 1.5 ~ 2
自导向轨道 0.5~2 60 50 60~80 高架 立交 专有 1.5 ~ 3 $2 \sim 4$
现代有轨电车 0.5 ~ 1.2 80 20 60~70 地面 平立交 混合 0.6~1.5 $1 \sim 2$
导轨式胶轮 0.5 ~ 1.2 80 15 60~80 高架 立交 专有 $1 \sim 2$ $1 \sim 2$
电子导向胶轮 0.5 ~ 1.2 100 15 60~70 地面 平交 混合 ${0.3} \sim {0.8}$ $1 \sim 2$
), ArticleFig(id=1154050916220130051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729530891383228, language=CN, label=表2, caption=中低运量城市轨道交通技术特征, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统制式 运输能力/ (万人/h) 最大坡度/ %o 最小曲线 半径/m 最高速度/ (km/h) 敷设方式 路口处理 路权形式 造价/ (亿元/km) 建设周期/a
轻轨系统 $1 \sim 3$ 35 50 70~120 高架 立交 专有 $2 \sim 3$ $3 \sim 4$
中低速磁浮交通 $1 \sim 3$ 60 50 ${80} \sim {200}$ 高架 立交 专有 $4 \sim 6$ $2 \sim 4$
跨座式单轨 $1 \sim 3$ 60 100 80 ~ 120 高架 立交 专有 1.5 ~ 4 2
悬挂式单轨 0.5 ~ 1.5 60 50 60~80 高架 立交 专有 1.5 ~ 3 1.5 ~ 2
自导向轨道 0.5~2 60 50 60~80 高架 立交 专有 1.5 ~ 3 $2 \sim 4$
现代有轨电车 0.5 ~ 1.2 80 20 60~70 地面 平立交 混合 0.6~1.5 $1 \sim 2$
导轨式胶轮 0.5 ~ 1.2 80 15 60~80 高架 立交 专有 $1 \sim 2$ $1 \sim 2$
电子导向胶轮 0.5 ~ 1.2 100 15 60~70 地面 平交 混合 ${0.3} \sim {0.8}$ $1 \sim 2$
), ArticleFig(id=1154050916287238916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729530891383228, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Calculation results of quantitative model, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目别 编组 辆数/辆 列车定员/ (人/列) 旅行速度/ (km/h) 列车最小 运行间隔/s 高峰小时开行 列车数/(对/h) 运输能力/ (人次/h) 运能 富余度1% 配属 车数/列 直接工程 投资/万元
轻轨系统 4 600 46 240 15 9000 24.44 24 401 878
中低速磁浮交通 4 610 49 240 15 9150 25.68 23 486 681
跨座式单轨 4 570 49 240 15 8550 20.47 23 435 898
自导向轨道 4 588 46 240 15 8 820 22.9 24 476 359
导轨式胶轮 4 381 43 180 20 7 620 10.76 34 277 794
悬挂式单轨 4 256 43 180 20 5120 -32.81 34 298 929
现代有轨电车 4 240 43 180 20 4 800 -41.67 34 225 570
电子导向胶轮 4 318 43 180 20 6 360 -6.92 34 130 413
), ArticleFig(id=1154050916358542085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729530891383228, language=CN, label=表3, caption=定量模型计算结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目别 编组 辆数/辆 列车定员/ (人/列) 旅行速度/ (km/h) 列车最小 运行间隔/s 高峰小时开行 列车数/(对/h) 运输能力/ (人次/h) 运能 富余度1% 配属 车数/列 直接工程 投资/万元
轻轨系统 4 600 46 240 15 9000 24.44 24 401 878
中低速磁浮交通 4 610 49 240 15 9150 25.68 23 486 681
跨座式单轨 4 570 49 240 15 8550 20.47 23 435 898
自导向轨道 4 588 46 240 15 8 820 22.9 24 476 359
导轨式胶轮 4 381 43 180 20 7 620 10.76 34 277 794
悬挂式单轨 4 256 43 180 20 5120 -32.81 34 298 929
现代有轨电车 4 240 43 180 20 4 800 -41.67 34 225 570
电子导向胶轮 4 318 43 180 20 6 360 -6.92 34 130 413
), ArticleFig(id=1154050916404679430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729530891383228, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Quantitative value and standardization of indicators, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 工期/ 年 技术 成熟度 综合 造价/ 亿元 国产 化率 运维 成本/ (亿元/年) 最高运 行速度 匹配 站间距 匹配 敷设方 案匹配 线路 适应性 运输能 力匹配 最小发 车间隔 资源 共享 线路 长度 匹配 线路 等级 匹配 线路 服务 匹配 环境 影响度
指标性质 逆向 正向 逆向 正向 逆向 正向 正向 正向 正向 正向 逆向 正向 正向 正向 正向 逆向
轻轨系统 3 (0) 7 (0.501) 58.8 (0.595) 0.8 (0.467) 5.56 (0.586) 0.563 (0.391) 0.833 (0.445) 5 (0.542) 6 (0.340) 0.899 (0.445) 2.5 (0.192) 9 (0.799) 0.204 (0.130) 7 (0.639) 8 (0.645) 8 (0)
中低速 磁浮 2 (0.707) 5 (0.358) 68.845 (0.174) 1 (0.583) 18.45 (0) 0.563 (0.391) 0.45 (0.241) 1 (0.108) 8 (0.454) 0.963 (0.476) 3 (0) 1 (0.089) 0.806 (0.515) 3 (0.274) 4 (0.322) 3 (0.598)
跨座式 单轨 3 (0) 7 (0.501) 64.435 (0.359) 0.9 (0.525) 5.41 (0.593) 0.563 (0.391) 0.89 (0.476) 3 (0.325) 7 (0.397) 0.825 (0.408) 2.5 (0.192) 5 (0.444) 0.979 (0.626) 7 (0.639) 7 (0.564) 3 (0.598)
自导向 轨道 2 (0.707) 6 (0.430) 73.01 (0) 0 (0) 6.47 (0.544) 0.75 (0.521) 1 (0.535) 5 (0.542) 9 (0.510) 0.875 (0.433) 1 (0.770) 4 (0.355) 0.676 (0.432) 2 (0.183) 3 (0.242) 4 (0.478)
导轨式 胶轮 3 (0) 6 (0.430) 56.35 (0.698) 0.7 (0.408) 16.31 (0.097) 0.75 (0.521) 0.9 (0.481) 5 (0.542) 9 (0.510) 0.952 (0.471) 1.5 (0.577) 2 (0.177) 0.584 (0.373) 3 (0.274) 4 (0.322) 6 (0.239)
权重系数 0.06 0.052 0.046 0.055 0.083 0.09 0.055 0.06 0.08 0.067 0.064 0.052 0.069 0.061 0.054 0.053
), ArticleFig(id=1154050916463399687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729530891383228, language=CN, label=表4, caption=线路 2035 年客运指标预测量, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 工期/ 年 技术 成熟度 综合 造价/ 亿元 国产 化率 运维 成本/ (亿元/年) 最高运 行速度 匹配 站间距 匹配 敷设方 案匹配 线路 适应性 运输能 力匹配 最小发 车间隔 资源 共享 线路 长度 匹配 线路 等级 匹配 线路 服务 匹配 环境 影响度
指标性质 逆向 正向 逆向 正向 逆向 正向 正向 正向 正向 正向 逆向 正向 正向 正向 正向 逆向
轻轨系统 3 (0) 7 (0.501) 58.8 (0.595) 0.8 (0.467) 5.56 (0.586) 0.563 (0.391) 0.833 (0.445) 5 (0.542) 6 (0.340) 0.899 (0.445) 2.5 (0.192) 9 (0.799) 0.204 (0.130) 7 (0.639) 8 (0.645) 8 (0)
中低速 磁浮 2 (0.707) 5 (0.358) 68.845 (0.174) 1 (0.583) 18.45 (0) 0.563 (0.391) 0.45 (0.241) 1 (0.108) 8 (0.454) 0.963 (0.476) 3 (0) 1 (0.089) 0.806 (0.515) 3 (0.274) 4 (0.322) 3 (0.598)
跨座式 单轨 3 (0) 7 (0.501) 64.435 (0.359) 0.9 (0.525) 5.41 (0.593) 0.563 (0.391) 0.89 (0.476) 3 (0.325) 7 (0.397) 0.825 (0.408) 2.5 (0.192) 5 (0.444) 0.979 (0.626) 7 (0.639) 7 (0.564) 3 (0.598)
自导向 轨道 2 (0.707) 6 (0.430) 73.01 (0) 0 (0) 6.47 (0.544) 0.75 (0.521) 1 (0.535) 5 (0.542) 9 (0.510) 0.875 (0.433) 1 (0.770) 4 (0.355) 0.676 (0.432) 2 (0.183) 3 (0.242) 4 (0.478)
导轨式 胶轮 3 (0) 6 (0.430) 56.35 (0.698) 0.7 (0.408) 16.31 (0.097) 0.75 (0.521) 0.9 (0.481) 5 (0.542) 9 (0.510) 0.952 (0.471) 1.5 (0.577) 2 (0.177) 0.584 (0.373) 3 (0.274) 4 (0.322) 6 (0.239)
权重系数 0.06 0.052 0.046 0.055 0.083 0.09 0.055 0.06 0.08 0.067 0.064 0.052 0.069 0.061 0.054 0.053
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基于CRITIC-TOPSIS 模型的中低运量城市轨道交通制式选型
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李雪松 1 , 晁宇宏 1 , 徐闯闯 1 , 魏昌海 1 , 吕玉凯 2
都市快轨交通 | 快轨论坛 2025,38(2): 39-45
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都市快轨交通 | 快轨论坛 2025, 38(2): 39-45
基于CRITIC-TOPSIS 模型的中低运量城市轨道交通制式选型
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李雪松1 , 晁宇宏1, 徐闯闯1, 魏昌海1, 吕玉凯2
作者信息
  • 1 中车城市交通规划设计研究院有限公司 南京 211899
  • 2 中车智能交通工程技术有限公司 北京 100078
  • 李雪松,男,本科,高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通线路优化研究,

Research on Model Selection of Medium and Low Carrying-capacity Urban Rail Transit Based on CRITIC-TOPSIS Model
Xuesong LI1 , Yuhong CHAO1, Chuangchuang XU1, Changhai WEI1, Yukai LYU2
Affiliations
  • 1 CRRC P&D Institute Co., Ltd. Nanjing 211899
  • 2 CRRC Intelligent Transportation Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100078
出版时间: 2025-04-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.006
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既有中低运量城市轨道交通制式选型主观性过强、运力与需求不匹配,为解决此问题,结合地区经济发展程度、人口规模及客流需求等特征,构建一套规范化、流程化制式选型决策体系。根据8类中低运量城轨制式技术特征,建立4准则、16指标评价体系。考虑高峰小时客流、最低运能储备及列车开行对数等约束条件,构建以系统运能、运能储备及系统造价综合最小的多目标优化模型,从而确定备选轨道制式集合。在此基础上,构建CRITICTOPSIS 轨道制式综合决策模型,确定各指标权重系数值及最优解距离,从而确定最优轨道制式。以某线路为背景进行实例验证,求解定量模型计算得到自导向轨道、跨座式单轨、轻轨、导轨式胶轮及中低速磁浮5类备选轨道制式,通过 CRITICTOPSIS 求解确定该线路最优轨道制式为自导向轨道。本文所建模型及算法以期为解决中低运量城市轨道交通制式选型问题提供借鉴。

城市轨道交通  /  制式  /  中低运量  /  定量模型  /  CRITIC-TOPSIS 算法

Guided by the need to address the shortcomings of subjective selection and the mismatch between capacity and demand in the selection of existing medium and low capacity urban rail transit standards, the standardized and procedural decisionmaking system for standard selection is developed. Firstly, the 4 criterion and 16 index evaluation system is established, considering constraints such as peak hour passenger flow, minimum transport capacity reserve, and the number of train operations. A multiobjective optimization model is constructed to determine the set of candidate rail transit systems. Besides, the CRITICTOPSIS algorithm is constructed to determine the weight coefficient values of each indicator and the optimal solution distance, thereby determining the optimal track system. Finally, using the Sline as the background for example verification, 5 alternative track systems are evaluated through a quantitative model. The CRITIC and TOPSIS algorithms were implemented using Python software. The decision values of rail transportation system rank in the order of selfguided monorail, crossseat monorail, light rail, guideway rubber wheel and low and mediumspeed magnetic levitation, indicating that the optimal rail system for line S is the selfguided monorail. Analyzing the standardized scoring matrix and index weight values of each type of rail system, the research results show that the model and algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively solve the problem of low and mediumcapacity rail transportation system selection.

urban rail transit  /  medium and low capacity  /  multiple modes  /  quantitative model  /  CRITIC-TOPSIS algorithm
李雪松, 晁宇宏, 徐闯闯, 魏昌海, 吕玉凯. 基于CRITIC-TOPSIS 模型的中低运量城市轨道交通制式选型. 都市快轨交通, 2025 , 38 (2) : 39 -45 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.006
Xuesong LI, Yuhong CHAO, Chuangchuang XU, Changhai WEI, Yukai LYU. Research on Model Selection of Medium and Low Carrying-capacity Urban Rail Transit Based on CRITIC-TOPSIS Model[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2025 , 38 (2) : 39 -45 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.006
当前我国城市化进程不断加速、人均机动车持有量不断提升,居民日益增长的出行需求与紧张的城市道路空间资源间的矛盾日益凸显, 中心城市道路拥挤现象层出不穷。对于部分尚无法满足地铁申报门槛的 I, II 型大城市及亟须丰富公共交通体系的中小城市而言, 中低运量城市轨道交通系统的建设可有效缓解交通拥堵、优化城市空间布局结构, 从而全面提升城市整体公共交通出行水平。此外, 为落实 《关于进一步加强城市轨道交通规划建设管理的意见(国发办 (2018) 52 号)》文件, 国家发展改革委联合住房城乡建设部发布了《“十四五”城市轨道交通规划建设实施方案 (国发办(2021)1302 号)》文件, 鼓励合适区域适度发展中低运量轨道交通,从而有效推动 “十四五” 时期城市轨道交通的高质量发展。
已有学者基于宏观层面对中低运量轨道交通系统构成 [ 1 ] 、适用场景 [ 2 ] 、作业模式 [ 3 ] 及发展现状 [ 4 ] 等进行了深入阐述, 论证其发展与推广的可行性。轨道交通制式选型作为轨道交通系统构建的基础与核心, 国内外学者对其进行了深入研究。国外学者大多根据高峰小时客流量及制式适用范围进行轨道交通选型。 LAPORTE 等 [ 5 - 7 ] 分别根据客流分布及规律、客流规模及时变性、平均出行时间等进行阶段性系统制式选择。 考虑到我国经济发展及地形等限制因素, 国内学者大多根据经济适应性及空间布局进行制式选择。庞登瑀等 [ 8 - 10 ] 分别以河谷型城市、中小城市及山地城市为研究背景, 构建轨道交通制式选择模型。在制式选择模型构建方面, 既有学者大多基于层次分析法、灰色关联法、熵权法、TOPSIS 法及主成分分析法等 [ 11 ] 。李岩辉等 [ 12 ] 基于客流走廊特征、节点重要度及联系强度的轨道制式选择模型, 提出了各制式量级标准及其都市圈适用范围, 然而该方法人为主观性过强。王兴仁等 [ 13 ] 构建了 “层次分析+熵计算+灰色关联度” 的综合决策模型, 设计基于最小二乘法缩小主客观指标的参差权重差, 并以天津都市区为背景进行实例验证, 然而其忽略了各指标权重值对制式选择的影响。
针对既有研究的不足, 本文在构建 4 维度 16 指标的评价体系基础上, 采用定量分析与定性分析相结合的研究方法, 首先, 构建以系统运能、运能储备以及系统造价最小化的多目标决策优化模型, 获得备选轨道制式集合。其次, 采用 CRITIC 权重法计算得到各指标权重值。最后, 采用 TOPSIS 评估模型得到各轨道制式最终评分、正理想解及负理想解, 从而选取最佳轨道交通制式。
根据运输能力值大小, 《城市轨道交通分类》(T/ CAMET 00001-2020)将城市轨道交通划分为大运能、 中运能以及低运能系统 3 类。其中, 中运能系统又包含中大运能及中小运能系统 2 类。各类系统运输能力指标见表1
顾名思义, 中低运量轨道交通是从运能的角度进行系统划分, 而不同的中低运量轨道交通制式具有极大的差异性, 除了运能等级不一致之外, 在最大坡度、 最小曲线半径、最高速度、敷设方式、路口处理、路权模式、造价以及建设周期等方面也不尽相同。目前, 我国中低运量轨道交通制式包含轻轨、中低速磁浮交通、跨座式单轨、悬挂式单轨、自导向轨道系统、现代有轨电车、导轨式胶轮以及电子导向胶轮系统 8 类, 各类中低运量城市轨道交通系统制式技术特征见表2
本文以中低运量城市轨道交通 8 类制式为研究对象, 以最小投入实现客流效益最大化为导向, 在综合考虑各制式技术特性及适用场景的基础上, 实现所选中低运量城轨制式与城市规模、经济水平及客流需求间耦合度最大化。首先, 以系统运能、运能储备及系统造价协同最优为导向, 构建中低运量城轨制式选型定量模型, 选取可能开行的系统制式备选集。在此基础上, 采用定性分析研究方法, 提出技术性能、客流耦合度、环境适应性及经济性 4 大影响指标, 并以此为基础构建 4 准则 16 指标层指标评价体系。为进一步提升定性分析决策的合理性, 提出 CRTIC-TOPSIS 指标评价方法, 采用 CRITIC 法为各指标赋予权重值并将其无量纲化处理, 利用 TOPSIS 法衡量备选制式各指标距离最优解及最劣解间的加权距离, 从而根据可行性分析结果比选最佳匹配的中低运量城轨制式。选择流程如图1所示。
基于系统运能、运能储备以及系统造价 3 个角度对系统制式可行性进行定量分析。既有学者在构建制式选择模型时大多以系统运能及运能储备最大化为目标, 以便满足高峰小时单项最大断面客流需求。然而, 该方法易导致大量运力资源的浪费, 故本文以系统运能、运能储备及系统造价最小化为目标, 考虑最低客流需求及运能储备系数等约束条件, 构建制式选择多目标优化模型。
1)系统运能最小化。系统运能描述了轨道交通系统在研究时段内所能完成的运输量, 其与轨道交通制式列车定员数、车辆编组数及列车开行对数相关, 即
$ Q = C \times n \times d $
式中, $Q$ 为系统运能,人 $/\mathrm{h};C$ 为车辆定员,人; $n$ 为车辆编组数,辆; $d$ 为开行列车对数,对。
通常而言, 系统运能应在满足研究时段内高峰小时最大断面客流量的基础上最小, 避免运力资源的浪费。因此,系统运能的目标函数 ${f}_{Q}$ 定为
$ {f}_{Q} = \min Q $
2)运能储备最小化。运能储备表示在满足客流需求基础上的富余运能, 其为系统运能与高峰小时最大断面客流量之比
$ \alpha = \frac{Q}{{N}_{\max }} - 1 $
式中, $\alpha$ 为运能储备系数; ${N}_{\max }$ 为断面小时最大客流量, 万人/h。
运能储备的目标函数 ${f}_{\alpha }$ 定为
$ {f}_{\alpha } = \min \alpha $
3)系统造价最小化。系统造价主要包含线路工程建设费用与车辆购置费用 2 大类, 即
$ \min \operatorname{Cost} = k \times L + \theta \times d $
式中, Cost 为系统造价,亿元; $k$ 为单位线路工程造价,亿元 $/\mathrm{{km}};L$ 为线路长度, $\mathrm{{km}};\theta$ 为单位车辆购置成本, 亿元/辆。
其中, 工程建设费用主要受敷设方式的影响, 对于同种轨道交通制式而言, 地面、高架与地下的建设费用比为 $1 : 3 : 6$ 。此外,车辆购置费用主要受轨道交通制式的影响, 不同轨道交通制式车辆的购置成本相差巨大。因此, 应在满足客流需求的基础上, 选择最匹配的轨道制式与敷设方式。
系统造价的目标函数定为
$ {f}_{\text{Cost }} = \min \text{Cost} $
高峰小时客流约束为
$ Q \geq {N}_{\max } $
式(7)保证了当前轨道交通制式下的系统运能可满足线路上单向高峰小时断面最大客流量, 即系统输出能力在任意时刻均可满足线路客流需求。
最低运能储备约束为
$ \alpha \geq \beta $
式中, $\beta$ 为最低运能储备系数。
考虑到系统运能值与高峰小时断面最大客流量 ${N}_{\max }$ 密切相关,然而 ${N}_{\max }$ 的选取通常采用客流预测等方法, 如自回归模型(AR)、极大似然估计模型(ML) 以及神经网络等,其预测值通常存在一定误差。因此, 在确定运能等级时, 应保证系统运能的余量, 通常取 10%~15%区间范围。
列车开行对数约束为
$ d = \frac{3600}{h} = \frac{{N}_{\max }}{C \times n \times r} $
式中, $r$ 表示列车满载率。
式(9)表明列车开行对数与列车发车间隔、高峰小时最大断面客流量、列车定员数、列车编组辆数以及列车满载率等密切相关, 通过该式的引入, 可有效将运能计算式进行简化, 从而方便模型的求解。
考虑到部分指标无法定量描述, 本文主要从技术性能、客流耦合度、环境适应性以及经济性 4 个准则展开论述, 详细描述各指标对制式选型的影响。
1)技术性能。从技术性能角度分析,轨道交通系统制式的选择主要受到列车最高运行速度、站间距、敷设方案及线路条件适应性等指标的影响。其中, 站间距和列车最高运行速度作为影响列车平均运行速度和最小发车间隔的重要因素, 其对于系统运能具有重要影响。此外, 线路条件适应性受最大坡度及最小曲线半径的影响。
2)客流耦合度。客流耦合度通常包含运输能力及最小发车间隔 2 大类指标, 反映了该系统制式在线路单方向高峰小时的最大发车密度及最大输送能力。
3)环境适应性。环境适应性包含资源共享、线路长度、线路服务层次、线路等级、环境景观影响程度等 5 类指标。资源共享通常指该新建系统制式的线路条件、车辆、车辆段及控制中心与既有系统制式资源共享的可能性。环境景观影响定义为该系统制式对环境及景观的影响程度, 通常以噪声、占地面积及敷设方式等要素衡量。
4)经济性。经济性包含工期长短、技术成熟度、 国产化率、综合造价及运维成本 5 类指标。其中, 国产化率指的是该系统制式车辆及关键技术设备等的国产化率占比,较低的国产化率可有效降低工程建设费用及车辆购置费用,推动中低运量轨道交通产业变革。
基于上述分析, 中低运量城轨制式选型可概括为以乘客服务满意度最大化为导向, 在满足制式技术特性及环境适应性的基础上, 追求工程总体成本最小化。因此, 构建以技术性能、客流耦合度、环境适应性及经济性为准则层, 以列车最高运行速度、运输能力、资源共享及国产化率等 16 类度量系数为指标层的城轨系统制式评价指标体系, 如图2所示。
考虑到轨道交通制式选择问题需综合考虑经济性、技术性能、客流耦合度及环境适应性等目标, 属于典型的多目标优化决策问题, 故采取多因素综合决策法为各指标赋予权重,将其无量纲化处理。鉴于轨道交通制式指标层已包含主观和客观指标, 即定量化指标代表了制式选择的客观性, 定性指标代表了制式选择的主观性, 故本文选取客观赋权法中的 CRITIC 法进行权重处理, 从而最小化人为主观性。其算法流程如下。
输入: 评价指标矩阵 ${\mathbf{X}}_{m \times n}, m$ 为系统制式种类数量, $n$ 为评价指标数量, ${x}_{ij}$ 为制式 $i$$j$ 项指标数值。
Step1: 无量纲化处理(归一化)。对于正向指标, 令 ${x}_{ij}^{\prime } = \left( {{x}_{j} - {x}_{\min }}\right) /\left( {{x}_{\max } - {x}_{\min }}\right)$ ,对于负向指标,令 ${x}_{ij}^{\prime } = \left( {{x}_{\max } - {x}_{j}}\right) /\left( {{x}_{\max } - {x}_{\min }}\right) 。$
Step2: 指标变异性计算。采用标准差 ${S}_{j}$ 表示各指标取值差异波动性,标准差越大代表该指标权重越大。
${\bar{x}}_{j} = \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{m}{x}_{ij}/m$ ,则 ${S}_{j} = \sqrt{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{m}{\left( {x}_{ij} - {\bar{x}}_{j}\right) }^{2}/\left( {m - 1}\right) }$
Step3: 指标冲突性计算。采用相关系数 ${r}_{ij}$ 表示各项指标间的关联度, 相关系数越大代表该指标权重越小, ${R}_{j} = \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{m}\left( {1 - {r}_{ij}}\right)$
Step4: 信息量计算。采用信息量 ${C}_{j}$ 表示指标 $j$ 在评价系统中的作用,信息量越大,则权重越大,
$ {C}_{j} = {S}_{j} \times \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{m}\left( {1 - {r}_{ij}}\right) = {S}_{j} \times {R}_{j}\text{。} $
输出: 各项指标 $j$ 的权重值为 ${W}_{j} = {C}_{j}/\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{j = 1}}^{n}{C}_{j}$
Step1: 初始决策矩阵构建。分析轨道交通制式 $i$ 的指标体系 $j$ ,定量指标采取赋值法,定性指标采取专家打分法,生成初始决策矩阵 $\mathbf{X} = {\left( {x}_{ij}\right) }_{m \times n}$
Step2: 矩阵正向化。将各类指标划分为统一标准, 固定其区间为 $\left\lbrack {0,1}\right\rbrack$ ,对其余数据采用线性插值法处理。
Step2.1: 极小型转化为极大型,令 ${x}_{ij}^{\prime } = {x}_{j}^{\max } - {x}_{ij}$
Step2.2: 中间型转化为极大型,令 ${x}_{ij}^{\prime } = 1 -$ $\left| {{x}_{ij} - {x}_{j}^{\text{best }}}\right| /\max \left\{ \left| {{x}_{ij} - {x}_{j}^{\text{best }}}\right| \right\}$
Step3: 矩阵标准化。消除不同量纲的影响, 令 ${\mathbf{z}}_{ij} = {x}_{ij}/\sqrt{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{m}{x}_{ij}^{2}}$
Step4: 标准化矩阵赋权。将标准化矩阵与 CRITIC 法所得权重值相乘,从而消除总体性较差等算法固有缺陷。 $Z = {\left( {z}_{ij}\right) }_{m \times n} = {\left( {x}_{ij}^{\prime } \times {w}_{ij}\right) }_{m \times n},\forall i \in m, j \in n$
Step5: 正负理想解确定。对各轨道制式指标进行评估, 从而得到最优理想矩阵, 对该矩阵规范化处理并与权重系数相乘,从而分别得到正负理想解 ${z}^{ + }$${z}^{ - }$
Step6: 理想方案距离计算。采用几何法计算, 令正距离 ${d}_{i}^{ + } = \sqrt{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{j = 1}}^{n}{\left( {z}_{ij} - {z}_{j}^{ + }\right) }^{2}}\;\forall i \in m$ ,令负距离 ${d}_{i}^{ - } = \sqrt{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{j = 1}}^{n}{\left( {z}_{ij} - {z}_{j}^{ - }\right) }^{2}}\;\forall i \in m。$
Step 7: 各制式得分计算。采用式 ${S}_{i} = {d}_{i}^{ - }/\left( {{d}_{i}^{ + } + {d}_{i}^{ - }}\right)$ 计算得到各制式最终得分。
Step 8: 归一化处理。令 ${S}_{i}^{\prime } = {S}_{i}/\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{m}{S}_{i}$ ,并将各归一化评分排序处理,从而选择最优轨道交通制式。
本文选取某地区某条线 2035 年预测客流需求数据, 以 8 类中低运量轨道交通系统制式为备选方案, 对本文所提轨道交通制式选取模型进行验证。已知该地区为县级市单位, 常住人口为 280 万,国民生产总值为 3200 亿元, 既有轨道交通为 1 条地铁和 1 条城际铁路,运营长度分别为 ${6.2}\mathrm{\;{km}}$${18}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,要求新建线路平均运行速度为 ${45}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ ,高峰期发车频率为 $3 \sim$ $5\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,平均站间距为 ${1.8}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,与既有线路融合发展, 在满足客流的基础上尽可能降低成本, 预测该线路 2035 年的运营长度为 ${24.5}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,客运量为 23.62 万人次/d, 客流密度为 0.97 万人 $/\mathrm{{km}}$ ,平均运距 ${5.1}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,断面客流 0.68 万人次 $/\mathrm{h}$
根据给定 2035 年预测客运指标、列车定员、最大发车间隔、各制式单位工程造价、各车型费用等指标, 基于上述定量模型计算式(1)一式(9),计算得到各类系统制式输送能力、运能储备、直接工程投资等费用, 具体结果见表3
根据定量模型计算结果可知: 悬挂式单轨、有轨电车及电子导向胶轮系统 3 类轨道交通制式运能储备分别为 $- {32.81}\% , - {41.67}\%$$- {6.92}\%$ ,其运输能力均不满足该线路高峰小时断面最大客流量要求。轻轨、中低速磁浮、跨座式单轨、自导向轨道、导轨式胶轮系统运能储备分别为 24.44%, 25.68%, 20.47%, 22.90% 和 10.76%,均满足该线路最小运能储备(10%)要求,且各类制式发车间隔可根据客流实际需求灵活调整。因此, 确定轨道交通制式备选集合为轻轨系统、中低速磁浮、跨座式单轨、自导向轨道和导轨式胶轮 5 类, 构建 CRITIC 权重系数矩阵。
对 5 类轨道交通制式的 16 项评价指标进行量化, 在此基础上采用 Python 分别实现 CRITIC 权重计算法与 TOPSIS 指标评估模型, 计算得到各项指标权重系数值及各轨道交通制式指标标准化值(见表4)。根据模型计算结果, 计算得到 5 类轨道交通制式最终评分, 轻轨系统为 0.2068 ,中低速磁浮为 0.1682 ,跨座式单轨为 0.2204, 自导向轨道为 0.2210, 导轨式胶轮为 0.1836。从而确定最优轨道交通制式为自导向轨道。 值得说明的是, CRITIC 权重系数的引入有效解决了 TOPSIS 评估模型中人为主观性强的问题, 提升预测精确性。此外, 各制式最终评分与正理想解及负理想解差距如图3所示。
正理想解与负理想解分别代表各轨道交通制式与最优方案或最劣方案的接近程度, 正理想解越大且负理想解越小则最终评分越高, 反之亦成立。由图3可见, 自导向轨道正理想解最大, 则其最终评分最高, 中低速磁浮负理想解最大,则其评分最低。
结合表4图3数据对自导向轨道各项指标标准化矩阵进行分析, 发现其列车运行速度匹配性、线路适应性、最小发车间隔、工期、敷设方案匹配性及站间距匹配性等 6 项指标标准化数值均在 5 种备选轨道制式中排名第一,且该 6 项指标权重系数排名分别为1,3,6,8,9,11,即代表该 6 项指标具有较高的权重值, 对轨道交通制式选择的影响力较大, 从而验证本文所提模型及算法的正确性。
1)基于对中低运量轨道交通系统定义及各类轨道制式技术特征总结分析, 构建了 4 准则 16 评价指标的轨道制式选择评价体系。
2)基于定量和定性分析协同优化角度, 构建以系统运能、运能储备及系统造价综合最优的轨道制式选择多目标优化模型。
3)构建 “CRITIC+TOPSIS” 轨道制式综合决策模型, 采用 Python 分别实现 CRITIC 算法和 TOPSIS 算法, 计算得到各指标权重值及各制式最终评分及正负理想解, 从而计算得到最优轨道交通制式, 支持决策。
  • 甘肃省科技厅计划项目(22JR5RA379)
  • 甘肃省教育厅项目(2023A-037)
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2025年第38卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.006
  • 接收时间:2024-05-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-19
  • 修回日期:2024-08-05
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甘肃省科技厅计划项目(22JR5RA379)
甘肃省教育厅项目(2023A-037)
作者信息
    1 中车城市交通规划设计研究院有限公司 南京 211899
    2 中车智能交通工程技术有限公司 北京 100078
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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