Article(id=1149729528282526055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524688007450, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2025.02.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718899200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-21, revisedDate=1724256000000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752046480484, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1743436800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752046480484, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752046480484, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752046480484, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149729524688007450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2025', volume='38', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='177', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752046479627, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780095764, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000837835870332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524688007450, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000837835870333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149729524688007450, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=22, endPage=30, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149729528437715305, articleId=1149729528282526055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Nonlinear Analysis of Factors Influencing Passenger Flow in Rail Transit: A Case Study of Tianjin Urban Rail Transit, columnId=1152669340382966151, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Forum of Rapid Rail Transit, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
This studyexplores the impact mechanism of population socioeconomic, land use, station characteristics, and other transportation attributes on rail transit passenger flow. Using multisource data including LandScan population grid, points of interest (POI), and automatic fare collection system (AFC), a spatiotemporal geographic weighted regression, gradient boosting regression tree, Shapley addition explanatory (GTWRGBRTSHAP) model, was developed to analyze the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and nonlinear effects of the these factors. A case study was conducted using data from Tianjin rail transit network, and the results showed that the mixed model effectively captures the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and nonlinearity between influencing factors and passenger flow. Factors such as population density, officetype land, shopping and leisure land, and betweenness have significant spatiotemporal differences in their impact of passenger flow. Factors such as residentialtype land, transportation facility land, land use entropy, and betweenness have significant complex nonlinear and threshold relationships with passenger flow. The above results provide strategic references and theoretical support for optimizing public transportationoriented urban development (TOD) planning and improving the efficiency of rail transit passenger flow.
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为探究人口社会经济、土地利用性质、车站自身特征、其他交通属性因素与城市轨道交通客流量之间的影响机理,基于 LandScan 人口栅格、兴趣点(POI)、自动售检票系统(AFC)等多源大数据,运用时空地理加权回归梯度提升回归树沙普利加法解释(GTWRGBRTSHAP)模型分析上述因素对客流量的时空异质性与非线性影响。以天津市轨道交通线网数据开展案例研究,结果表明:混合模型在捕捉影响因素与客流量的时空异质性与非线性的同时具有较好的拟合优度,人口密度、办公类型用地、购物休闲用地、介数中心性等因素对城市轨道交通客流量的影响时空差异明显,居住类型用地、交通设施用地、土地利用熵、介数中心性等因素与城市轨道交通客流量间的复杂非线性和阈值关系显著。上述结果为优化以公共交通为导向的城市发展(TOD)规划及提升城市轨道交通客流效能提供了策略参考与理论支撑。
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1 Tianjin Transportation Research Institute Tianjin 300074), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050933903319548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, companyId=1154050930652733929, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 天津市交通科学研究院 天津 300074)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154050933983011326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050933987205631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, companyId=1154050933983011326, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 Tianjin Rail Transit Network Management Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300380), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154050933995594240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, companyId=1154050933983011326, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 天津市轨道交通线网管理有限公司 天津 300380)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154050939427218067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Distribution of Tianjin rail transit lines, stations and station buffer zones, figureFileSmall=47CTLk9/HVHKRO/MHUK3yQ==, figureFileBig=Z9AhPrCQ0UH4xwYfT/Fuog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050939561435797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
天津市轨道交通线路、车站与其缓冲区分布, figureFileSmall=47CTLk9/HVHKRO/MHUK3yQ==, figureFileBig=Z9AhPrCQ0UH4xwYfT/Fuog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050939620156056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Spatiotemporal distance in GTWR model, figureFileSmall=5FVYYCJXB/Q/KhM5dO1kgw==, figureFileBig=wmCGXbQPP8Tdn3WAFIWiyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050939683070619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
GTWR 模型时空距离示意, figureFileSmall=5FVYYCJXB/Q/KhM5dO1kgw==, figureFileBig=wmCGXbQPP8Tdn3WAFIWiyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050939737596575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Value selection of parameters $\tau$ in GTWR model, figureFileSmall=rK5tm2AUtS/ZgmC3Zqgkog==, figureFileBig=sq34viiJrM8cvLNU1EtBZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050939842454175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
GTWR 模型参数 $\tau$ 取值选择, figureFileSmall=rK5tm2AUtS/ZgmC3Zqgkog==, figureFileBig=sq34viiJrM8cvLNU1EtBZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050939913757347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Spatial distribution of population density impact coefficient, figureFileSmall=UVUzVPGW4qu9bz1Lnsh+VQ==, figureFileBig=X+1yFpKeuzbOxEBuf+WbJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050939972477604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
人口密度影响系数空间分布, figureFileSmall=UVUzVPGW4qu9bz1Lnsh+VQ==, figureFileBig=X+1yFpKeuzbOxEBuf+WbJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050940027003558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Spatial distribution of residential land impact coefficient, figureFileSmall=bW5WFV/oULsMPQI1Qa+2EQ==, figureFileBig=HLKBxBaIaYc/yR7t07s4CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050940089918121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
居住类型用地影响系数空间分布, figureFileSmall=bW5WFV/oULsMPQI1Qa+2EQ==, figureFileBig=HLKBxBaIaYc/yR7t07s4CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050940140249770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Spatial distribution of office land impact coefficient, figureFileSmall=BTC5QDBxHOqeoj8P4haYTQ==, figureFileBig=qxbVnyU8RYi4PaSPnV7C3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050940211552939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
办公类型用地影响系数空间分布, figureFileSmall=BTC5QDBxHOqeoj8P4haYTQ==, figureFileBig=qxbVnyU8RYi4PaSPnV7C3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050940261884590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=
Spatial distribution of shopping land impact coefficient, figureFileSmall=POgT7Fmz9XeKNlQCJUHWvg==, figureFileBig=i5rFK0SFL/Kgk/bb7HKuvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050940349964976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
购物休闲用地影响系数空间分布, figureFileSmall=POgT7Fmz9XeKNlQCJUHWvg==, figureFileBig=i5rFK0SFL/Kgk/bb7HKuvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050940618400437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=
Spatial distribution of betweenness centrality impact coefficient, figureFileSmall=MeRKluwWCUIGme91Hp9/5Q==, figureFileBig=tZAOPk1WKhGpxTD2b8TRRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050940672926392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
介数中心性影响系数空间分布, figureFileSmall=MeRKluwWCUIGme91Hp9/5Q==, figureFileBig=tZAOPk1WKhGpxTD2b8TRRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050940752618171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=
Partial dependence relationship of influencing factors and total passenger flow, figureFileSmall=dFBpQv5qhlW4+3GNyZprAA==, figureFileBig=yuPe2F7/983tLz/dXUgTaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050940811338430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
影响因素与总客流量的部分依赖关系, figureFileSmall=dFBpQv5qhlW4+3GNyZprAA==, figureFileBig=yuPe2F7/983tLz/dXUgTaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154050940870058689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Definition and descriptive statistics of independent variables, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类型 | 变量 | 描述 | 均值 | 标准差 |
| 人口 社会 经济 | 人口密度/ (人 $/{\mathrm{{km}}}^{2}$ ) | $1\mathrm{\;{km}}$ 精度下各站 缓冲区常住人口密度 | 8 792.1 | 6 966.7 |
| 房价/元 | 各站缓冲区内居民 小区平均房价 | 22 070 | 13 389 |
| 土地 利用 性质 | 居住类型用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内住宅 小区 POI 数量 | 18 | 16 |
| 办公类型用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内写字 楼、园区 POI 数量 | 5 | 6 |
| 教育设施用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内高等 教育院校 POI 数量 | 0 | 1 |
| 医疗服务用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内医院 POI 数量 | 4 | 4 |
| 购物休闲用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内商场、电 影院、超市等 POI 数量 | 8 | 9 |
| 旅游景点用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内旅游 景点 POI 数量 | 3 | 8 |
| 车站 自身 特征 | 度中心性 | 车站与网络中其他 车站连接数量 | 0.0118 | 0.003 8 |
| 介数中心性 | 经过该车站的路径总 数占网络中所有最短 路径总数比例 | 0.0691 | 0.063 5 |
| 出入口数/个 | 各站已开通运营的 出入口数量 | 3 | 3 |
| 其他 交通 属性 | 道路密度/ $\left( {\mathrm{{km}}/{\mathrm{{km}}}^{2}}\right)$ | 各站缓冲区内道路 长度与面积之比 | 11.8 | 5.2 |
| 交通设施用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内公交 站、长途汽车站、 火车站、机场数量 | 7 | 4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154050940932973252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
自变量定义和描述性统计, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类型 | 变量 | 描述 | 均值 | 标准差 |
| 人口 社会 经济 | 人口密度/ (人 $/{\mathrm{{km}}}^{2}$ ) | $1\mathrm{\;{km}}$ 精度下各站 缓冲区常住人口密度 | 8 792.1 | 6 966.7 |
| 房价/元 | 各站缓冲区内居民 小区平均房价 | 22 070 | 13 389 |
| 土地 利用 性质 | 居住类型用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内住宅 小区 POI 数量 | 18 | 16 |
| 办公类型用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内写字 楼、园区 POI 数量 | 5 | 6 |
| 教育设施用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内高等 教育院校 POI 数量 | 0 | 1 |
| 医疗服务用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内医院 POI 数量 | 4 | 4 |
| 购物休闲用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内商场、电 影院、超市等 POI 数量 | 8 | 9 |
| 旅游景点用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内旅游 景点 POI 数量 | 3 | 8 |
| 车站 自身 特征 | 度中心性 | 车站与网络中其他 车站连接数量 | 0.0118 | 0.003 8 |
| 介数中心性 | 经过该车站的路径总 数占网络中所有最短 路径总数比例 | 0.0691 | 0.063 5 |
| 出入口数/个 | 各站已开通运营的 出入口数量 | 3 | 3 |
| 其他 交通 属性 | 道路密度/ $\left( {\mathrm{{km}}/{\mathrm{{km}}}^{2}}\right)$ | 各站缓冲区内道路 长度与面积之比 | 11.8 | 5.2 |
| 交通设施用地/个 | 各站缓冲区内公交 站、长途汽车站、 火车站、机场数量 | 7 | 4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154050941012665030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Results of the spatial autocorrelation test and collinearity test for independent variables, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | Moran I 指数 | Z | P | VIF |
| 人口密度 | 0.551 | 19.324 | 0.000 1 | 1.797 |
| 居住类型用地 | 0.358 | 14.762 | 0.000 2 | 2.093 |
| 办公类型用地 | 0.703 | 24.691 | 0.000 1 | 1.684 |
| 教育设施用地 | 0.307 | 12.804 | 0.000 2 | 1.140 |
| 购物休闲用地 | 0.456 | 16.925 | 0.000 1 | 1.986 |
| 交通设施用地 | 0.403 | 15.994 | 0.000 1 | 1.629 |
| 土地利用混合熵 | 0.267 | 7.592 | 0.000 1 | 1.476 |
| 度中心性 | 0.132 | 1.268 | 0.329 4 | 1.833 |
| 介数中心性 | 0.379 | 15.463 | 0.000 1 | 1.320 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154050941092356808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
自变量空间自相关性与共线性检验结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | Moran I 指数 | Z | P | VIF |
| 人口密度 | 0.551 | 19.324 | 0.000 1 | 1.797 |
| 居住类型用地 | 0.358 | 14.762 | 0.000 2 | 2.093 |
| 办公类型用地 | 0.703 | 24.691 | 0.000 1 | 1.684 |
| 教育设施用地 | 0.307 | 12.804 | 0.000 2 | 1.140 |
| 购物休闲用地 | 0.456 | 16.925 | 0.000 1 | 1.986 |
| 交通设施用地 | 0.403 | 15.994 | 0.000 1 | 1.629 |
| 土地利用混合熵 | 0.267 | 7.592 | 0.000 1 | 1.476 |
| 度中心性 | 0.132 | 1.268 | 0.329 4 | 1.833 |
| 介数中心性 | 0.379 | 15.463 | 0.000 1 | 1.320 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154050941176242889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Comparison of results of GTWR-GBRT-SHAP, GTWR, GBRT, and GWR models, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 客流量类型 | | RMSE | MAPE |
| GTWR-GBRT- SHAP | 早高峰进站量 | 0.75 | 703.94 | 0.98 |
| 晚高峰进站量 | 0.80 | 650.71 | 0.85 |
| 早高峰出站量 | 0.78 | 671.45 | 0.90 |
| 晚高峰出站量 | 0.81 | 643.62 | 0.85 |
| GTWR | 早高峰进站量 | 0.70 | 755.18 | 1.02 |
| 晚高峰进站量 |
| 早高峰出站量 |
| 晚高峰出站量 |
| GBRT | 早高峰进站量 | 0.72 | 731.69 | 1.01 |
| 晚高峰进站量 | 0.76 | 692.32 | 0.95 |
| 早高峰出站量 | 0.75 | 702.84 | 0.98 |
| 晚高峰出站量 | 0.77 | 680.97 | 0.92 |
| GWR | 早高峰进站量 | 0.51 | 1 074.24 | 1.67 |
| 晚高峰进站量 | 0.63 | 677.52 | 1.05 |
| 早高峰出站量 | 0.52 | 901.2 | 1.38 |
| 晚高峰出站量 | 0.60 | 689.02 | 1.18 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154050941243351755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149729528282526055, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
GTWR-GBRT-SHAP、GTWR、GBRT、GWR 模型结果对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 客流量类型 | | RMSE | MAPE |
| GTWR-GBRT- SHAP | 早高峰进站量 | 0.75 | 703.94 | 0.98 |
| 晚高峰进站量 | 0.80 | 650.71 | 0.85 |
| 早高峰出站量 | 0.78 | 671.45 | 0.90 |
| 晚高峰出站量 | 0.81 | 643.62 | 0.85 |
| GTWR | 早高峰进站量 | 0.70 | 755.18 | 1.02 |
| 晚高峰进站量 |
| 早高峰出站量 |
| 晚高峰出站量 |
| GBRT | 早高峰进站量 | 0.72 | 731.69 | 1.01 |
| 晚高峰进站量 | 0.76 | 692.32 | 0.95 |
| 早高峰出站量 | 0.75 | 702.84 | 0.98 |
| 晚高峰出站量 | 0.77 | 680.97 | 0.92 |
| GWR | 早高峰进站量 | 0.51 | 1 074.24 | 1.67 |
| 晚高峰进站量 | 0.63 | 677.52 | 1.05 |
| 早高峰出站量 | 0.52 | 901.2 | 1.38 |
| 晚高峰出站量 | 0.60 | 689.02 | 1.18 |
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