Article(id=1149742005397402416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712505600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-08, revisedDate=1718640000000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049455259, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049455259, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049455259, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049455259, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149741999626043609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752049453884, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780113622, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=99, endPage=105, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149742005573563189, articleId=1149742005397402416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Size Effect of Deep Circular Working Shaft Excavation for Rail Transit Construction, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address issues related to the size effect of deep circular shaft excavation for rail transit, this study analyzes the stress and deformation characteristics of a circular excavation enclosure structure using the foundation pit project of the ShenzhenDaya Bay Intercity circular working shaft as a case study. The loadstructure method is employed to systematically examine these characteristics under various diameter conditions. The study compares the calculation results from both a 3D spatial structure model and a 2D elastic foundation beam model, discussing the impact of excavation size on the performance of the circular enclosure structure. The findings reveal that the circular diaphragm wall behaves as a quasicircular structure, generating a vertical bending moment due to soil and water pressure, which indicates a multidirectional stress state. It is feasible to utilize a simplified 2D equivalent model for designing a circularfoundation pitretaining structure, as its calculation results are more conservative than those of the 3D model. Furthermore, the spatial dimension significantly influences the performance of the circular enclosure structure, with noticeable circumferential effects observed when the diameter of the deep circular working shaft is less than 30 m.

, correspAuthors=Guofu YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Weijie HAN, Guofu YANG, Chengyong CAO, Xinhai LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149742016436809890, articleId=1149742005397402416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=轨道交通深圆形工作井基坑尺寸效应分析, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对轨道交通深圆形工作井基坑尺寸效应的相关问题,以深大城际圆形工作井基坑工程为依托,基于荷载结构法,系统分析不同直径条件下圆形基坑围护结构的受力变形特点,对比分析三维空间结构模型和二维弹性地基梁模型的计算结果,并讨论基坑尺寸效应对圆形围护结构工作性能的影响。研究结果表明:圆形地下连续墙实际为类圆形结构,在水土压力作用下也产生一定的竖向弯矩,处于多向受力状态;采用简化的二维等效模型进行圆形基坑围护结构设计是可行的,且该计算结果较三维模型更为保守;空间尺寸效应对圆形基坑围护结构的工作性能具有显著影响,深圆形工作井基坑直径<30m时环向效应十分明显。

, correspAuthors=杨国富, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨国富,男,硕士,工程师,主要从事地下结构及岩土工程设计工作,
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韩伟杰,男,本科,助理工程师,主要从事轨道交通设计管理工作,

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韩伟杰,男,本科,助理工程师,主要从事轨道交通设计管理工作,

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companyId=1153991646132818645, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 深圳大学 土木与交通工程学院 广东深圳 518060)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1153991651484750657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Cross section of enclosure structure, figureFileSmall=/WlGLX5B8t/kTCVzVRuHFg==, figureFileBig=OvE1sArIG6e5A43Ty2vgnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991651556053829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=围护结构横断面(单位: $\mathrm{m}$ ), figureFileSmall=/WlGLX5B8t/kTCVzVRuHFg==, figureFileBig=OvE1sArIG6e5A43Ty2vgnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991651618968393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Numerical calculation model, 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journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=不同直径地连墙竖向弯矩, figureFileSmall=PCBVzXjuPEwixvMufWuHBg==, figureFileBig=ec//CWPYeZ32FMhr4hodyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991652210365275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Circumferential bending moment of diaphragm walls with different diameters, figureFileSmall=8nVvMmbHrdPtKuRCR7FLZQ==, figureFileBig=/l3AKPDUqFirOZEe7MbgBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991652264891229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=不同直径地连墙环向弯矩, figureFileSmall=8nVvMmbHrdPtKuRCR7FLZQ==, figureFileBig=/l3AKPDUqFirOZEe7MbgBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991652327805792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Bending moment of diaphragm walls with different diameters, figureFileSmall=+pdb4snWJDo8Kqg+llUvZw==, figureFileBig=2hBW0RoygMakxENuKti7QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991652378137442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=不同直径地连墙弯矩曲线, figureFileSmall=+pdb4snWJDo8Kqg+llUvZw==, figureFileBig=2hBW0RoygMakxENuKti7QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991652453634917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Two-dimensional elastic brace model, figureFileSmall=x2eBiLs+kkRvbKMwSuGMYQ==, figureFileBig=kYg8A/atEEsB9Vd/5w/jOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991652554298215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=CN, label=图 8, caption=二维弹性支点模型, figureFileSmall=x2eBiLs+kkRvbKMwSuGMYQ==, figureFileBig=kYg8A/atEEsB9Vd/5w/jOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991652684321642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Comparison of bending moments between 3D and 2D model, figureFileSmall=HE0V+gt7A+kpmZ8AK8hHKQ==, figureFileBig=U0BXbI8/dJTK5aYc4HZHDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991652835316587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=CN, label=图 9, caption=三维空间模型和二维平面模型的墙体竖向弯矩对比, figureFileSmall=HE0V+gt7A+kpmZ8AK8hHKQ==, figureFileBig=U0BXbI8/dJTK5aYc4HZHDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991652915008366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Maximum displacement and bending moment of diaphragm walls versus diameters, figureFileSmall=QTcZoKlCLCTl/+7eYHGDaQ==, figureFileBig=SkBGPskKPLt4mdCv2VQh2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991652986311537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=CN, label=图 10, caption=地连墙最大位移及最大弯矩随基坑直径的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=QTcZoKlCLCTl/+7eYHGDaQ==, figureFileBig=SkBGPskKPLt4mdCv2VQh2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153991653049226099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=The main physical and mechanical parameters of soils and rock, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地层 代码 岩土名称 天然重度/ 黏聚力/ kPa 内摩擦 角 静止侧 压力系数
<1-5> 杂填土 18.2 8 12 0.65
<8-2> 砂质黏土 18.5 19.8 22.8 0.39
<8-1> 砾质黏土 18.4 22.0 23.2 0.38
<11-1-1> 全风化花岗岩 18.8 21.2 24.7 0.36
<11-1-2> 强风化花岗岩 (土状) 26.1 23.2 25.3 0.35
), ArticleFig(id=1153991653133112182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742005397402416, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=岩土体主要物理力学参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地层 代码 岩土名称 天然重度/ 黏聚力/ kPa 内摩擦 角 静止侧 压力系数
<1-5> 杂填土 18.2 8 12 0.65
<8-2> 砂质黏土 18.5 19.8 22.8 0.39
<8-1> 砾质黏土 18.4 22.0 23.2 0.38
<11-1-1> 全风化花岗岩 18.8 21.2 24.7 0.36
<11-1-2> 强风化花岗岩 (土状) 26.1 23.2 25.3 0.35
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地连墙直径/m 分幅数量 单幅墙体圆心角/( 相邻墙幅间夹角/( )
8 6 60 150
12 9 40 160
20 14 25.8 167
28 20 18 171
36 24 15 173
44 30 12 174
50 34 10.6 175
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地连墙直径/m 分幅数量 单幅墙体圆心角/( 相邻墙幅间夹角/( )
8 6 60 150
12 9 40 160
20 14 25.8 167
28 20 18 171
36 24 15 173
44 30 12 174
50 34 10.6 175
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轨道交通深圆形工作井基坑尺寸效应分析
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韩伟杰 1 , 杨国富 2 , 曹成勇 3 , 黎心海 2
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(6): 99-105
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(6): 99-105
轨道交通深圆形工作井基坑尺寸效应分析
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韩伟杰1 , 杨国富2 , 曹成勇3, 黎心海2
作者信息
  • 1 深圳铁路投资建设集团有限公司 广东深圳 518031
  • 2 深圳市市政设计研究院有限公司 广东深圳 518029
  • 3 深圳大学 土木与交通工程学院 广东深圳 518060
  • 韩伟杰,男,本科,助理工程师,主要从事轨道交通设计管理工作,

通讯作者:

杨国富,男,硕士,工程师,主要从事地下结构及岩土工程设计工作,
Size Effect of Deep Circular Working Shaft Excavation for Rail Transit Construction
Weijie HAN1 , Guofu YANG2 , Chengyong CAO3, Xinhai LI2
Affiliations
  • 1 Shenzhen Railway Investment and Construction Group Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Guangdong 518031
  • 2 Shenzhen Municipal Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Guangdong 518029
  • 3 College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518060
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.014
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针对轨道交通深圆形工作井基坑尺寸效应的相关问题,以深大城际圆形工作井基坑工程为依托,基于荷载结构法,系统分析不同直径条件下圆形基坑围护结构的受力变形特点,对比分析三维空间结构模型和二维弹性地基梁模型的计算结果,并讨论基坑尺寸效应对圆形围护结构工作性能的影响。研究结果表明:圆形地下连续墙实际为类圆形结构,在水土压力作用下也产生一定的竖向弯矩,处于多向受力状态;采用简化的二维等效模型进行圆形基坑围护结构设计是可行的,且该计算结果较三维模型更为保守;空间尺寸效应对圆形基坑围护结构的工作性能具有显著影响,深圆形工作井基坑直径&lt;30m时环向效应十分明显。

城市轨道交通  /  圆形基坑  /  数值模拟  /  尺寸效应  /  环向效应

To address issues related to the size effect of deep circular shaft excavation for rail transit, this study analyzes the stress and deformation characteristics of a circular excavation enclosure structure using the foundation pit project of the ShenzhenDaya Bay Intercity circular working shaft as a case study. The loadstructure method is employed to systematically examine these characteristics under various diameter conditions. The study compares the calculation results from both a 3D spatial structure model and a 2D elastic foundation beam model, discussing the impact of excavation size on the performance of the circular enclosure structure. The findings reveal that the circular diaphragm wall behaves as a quasicircular structure, generating a vertical bending moment due to soil and water pressure, which indicates a multidirectional stress state. It is feasible to utilize a simplified 2D equivalent model for designing a circularfoundation pitretaining structure, as its calculation results are more conservative than those of the 3D model. Furthermore, the spatial dimension significantly influences the performance of the circular enclosure structure, with noticeable circumferential effects observed when the diameter of the deep circular working shaft is less than 30 m.

urban rail transit  /  circular excavations  /  numerical calculation  /  size effect  /  ring effect
韩伟杰, 杨国富, 曹成勇, 黎心海. 轨道交通深圆形工作井基坑尺寸效应分析. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (6) : 99 -105 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.014
Weijie HAN, Guofu YANG, Chengyong CAO, Xinhai LI. Size Effect of Deep Circular Working Shaft Excavation for Rail Transit Construction[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (6) : 99 -105 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.014
随着我国城市地下空间的深层开发, 城市中已经出现了深度达 50~60 m 甚至以上的超深基坑工程 [ 1 ] 。 与方形或长条形基坑相比, 由于圆形结构具有良好的环向受力特性, 因此圆形基坑在超深基坑工程中广泛应用 [ 2 - 4 ] 。针对深圆形基坑,已有一些学者进行了深入研究,如文献[ 5 ]提出采用三维 $\mathrm{m}$ 法分析圆形基坑支护结构的受力和变形, 并进行了工程应用, 结果表明该方法可用于指导超深圆形基坑工程的设计;文献[ 6 ] 对上海世博 ${500}\mathrm{{kV}}$ 地下变电站圆形深基坑的实测数据资料进行了详细归纳总结, 表明圆形基坑地下连续墙主要以环向受压为主、竖向受弯为辅;文献[ 7 ]和文献[ 8 ]以苗圃竖井为依托工程, 详细分析了软土地区 ${56}\mathrm{\;m}$ 超深圆形竖井基坑支护结构力学特性,并计算验证了由原逆作内衬墙方案优化为顺作环梁方案的可行性,并成功应用; 文献[ 9 ]依托上海某 ${58.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ 超深圆形竖井工程, 总结了基坑坑底土体隆起的竖向分布模式、演变规律及影响因素, 探明了坑底土体的隆起机制。对于圆形基坑设计计算方法, 目前主要为考虑等效弹性支撑系数的平面弹性地基梁法和三维弹性地基板法 [ 10 - 11 ] ,如文献[ 11 ]采用上述两种方法对 “上海中心”深大圆形基坑进行了计算分析, 经工程应用表明, 圆形基坑设计中宜结合采用该两种计算方法以确保计算结果的合理性。综上, 由于深圆形基坑尺寸对其力学特性有一定的影响, 且目前已有研究成果对该问题暂无明确定论, 因此有必要进行深入研究。基于此, 本文以深圳机场至大亚湾轨道交通(深大城际)工程某工作井基坑为依托,采用 Midas GTS/NX 有限元软件, 基于荷载-结构法, 对不同尺寸影响下圆形工作井基坑围护结构进行分析, 探讨其受力变形规律, 并与二维计算方法进行比较, 验证其合理性。此外, 进一步探讨尺寸效应对圆形基坑围护结构性能的影响, 以期为类似轨道交通圆形基坑工程提供参考。
深圳机场至大亚湾城际铁路(深大城际)某工作井内径为 ${36}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,开挖深度约为 ${50}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。围护结构采用圆形地下连续墙,混凝土等级为 $\mathrm{C}{35}$ ,墙厚 ${800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,地连墙嵌入强风化花岗岩中,嵌固深度为 $8\mathrm{\;m}$ ;除顶部冠梁外, 沿基坑深度方向在围护结构内侧共布置 8 道内衬环梁, 混凝土等级为 C30。工作井围护结构断面如 图 1 所示。
工作井围护结构为类圆形, 共有 24 幅连续墙构成, 墙幅之间采用工字钢接头,每幅地连墙圆心角为 ${15}^{\circ }$ , 相邻墙幅间夹角约为 ${173}^{\circ }$ 。工作井围护结构深度范围内地层从上到下依次为: 杂填土、砂质黏土、砾质黏土、全风化花岗岩和强风化花岗岩(土状)。地层主要物理力学参数如 表 1 所示。
采用 Midas GTS/NX 软件分别建立不同直径圆形工作井围护结构受力分析的三维空间结构模型, 基于荷载-结构模式, 分析不同基坑直径条件下圆形工作井围护结构的变形受力响应。以 图 1 工作井围护结构尺寸为基准,建立的三维基准模型如 图 2 所示。在 图 2 所示的三维空间结构计算模型中, 地下连续墙采用板单元模拟, 内环梁采用梁单元模拟, 且二者节点一致相互耦合, 结构构件采用弹性本构关系。
采用三维空间结构模型计算时, 在围护结构嵌固段内侧布置仅受压土弹簧以模拟地层抗力, 并约束地连墙底部的竖向位移。地下连续墙嵌固段地层为强风化花岗岩, 计算时该地层侧向地基反力系数取为 ${40}\mathrm{{MPa}}/\mathrm{m}$
地下连续墙槽段接头处是薄弱环节, 考虑地下连续墙实际分幅施工的接头削弱作用、真圆度影响、施工质量问题(如夹泥夹砂、不密实等)等不利因素, 地下连续墙墙体真实的刚度应小于理想的混凝土材料刚度, 根据工程经验与《港口工程地下连续墙结构设计与施工规程》(JTJ303-2003) ,计算中将刚度折减为 70%。
以实际工作井尺寸为基准, 根据实际工程可能的情况,分别建立直径(内径)分别为8、12、20、28、36、 44 和 ${50}\mathrm{\;m}$ 的类圆形工作井围护结构,其他参数设置不变。不同模型中地连墙厚度均为 ${800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,内衬环梁布置及基坑开挖情况与 图 2 所示情况一致。不同直径工作井地连墙分幅情况如 表 2 所示。
不同直径工作井围护结构整体变形特征如 图 3 所示。 图 4 给出了不同直径地连墙的径向变形曲线。
图 3 和 4 可见, 随着基坑直径的不断增大, 围护结构整体位移不断增大, 且围护结构变形模式也发生了显著的变化。在当前荷载条件下, 当基坑直径较小 $\left({D \leq {12}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$ 时,地连墙变形比较均衡,深度方向径向位移都很小, 且地连墙拐角处的变形明显小于平直段的变形; 当地连墙直径较大 $\left({D \geq {28}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$ 时,由于内环梁以下和基坑开挖面以上(深度为 34~50 m)区域内地连墙侧向刚度较小, 地连墙朝向基坑内侧的最大变形发生在此区域内, 且地连墙拐角处的变形和平直段的变形基本一致。
图 5图 6 给出了不同直径工作井地连墙的竖向弯矩(矩矢方向沿地连墙竖向)和环向弯矩(矩矢方向沿地连墙环向)分布情况。图中弯矩单位 $\mathrm{{kN}}\cdot \mathrm{m}/\mathrm{m}$ 表示单位深度的弯矩数值。 图 7 给出了不同直径工作井地连墙沿深度方向弯矩曲线。
图 5 ~ 图 7 可知: ①由于地连墙为类圆形结构, 因此在水土压力作用下也产生了一定的竖向弯矩, 使其在环向上表现为压弯受力状态;②不同直径情况下, 地连墙竖向正弯矩主要分布在地连墙平直段, 而竖向负弯矩则主要位于地连墙相邻直线段的拐角处;③在基坑直径较小时, 竖向正弯矩极值主要分布于第 8 道内衬环梁以下土体开挖面以上区域, 且随着基坑直径的不断增大, 该区域内竖向弯矩极值有逐渐增大的趋势; ④由于内衬环梁的支撑作用, 环梁区域的地连墙横向弯矩和竖向弯矩均要小于无环梁区域的弯矩。
圆形工作井地下连续墙支护结构受力不同于直线形地下连续墙, 在结构受力机理上具有明显的空间特性, 按空间结构计算是合理的。但在能较准确把握墙体、环梁或内衬墙的环向效应以及水土压力不均匀分布程度时, 按轴对称结构取单位宽度的墙体作为竖向弹性地基梁进行计算, 是一种简捷、直观的方法。《港口工程地下连续墙结构设计与施工规程》(JTJ 303-2003) [ 10 ] 规定了这种计算方法。其计算原理和方法与直线形地下连续墙基本相同, 不同之处在于圆形地下连续墙应考虑地下连续墙墙体、环梁或内衬墙的环向效应支承刚度。考虑环梁和圆形地连墙环向支撑效应的二维弹性支点模型如 图 8 所示。
采用二维弹性支点模型计算时, 内环梁和地连墙的等效支撑弹簧系数可分别按下式进行计算:
${k}_{\mathrm{R}}= \frac{{E}_{\mathrm{h}}{A}_{\mathrm{h}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{h}0}^{2}}$
${k}_{\mathrm{d}}= \alpha \frac{Ed}{{R}_{0}^{2}}$
式中, ${k}_{\mathrm{R}}$${k}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 分别为内衬环梁和单位宽度地连墙的等效弹性支撑系数; ${E}_{\mathrm{h}}$$E$ 分别为环梁和地连墙的弹性模量; ${A}_{\mathrm{h}}$ 为环梁横截面面积; $d$ 为地连墙厚度; ${R}_{\mathrm{h}0}$ 为内衬环梁中心线半径; ${R}_{0}$ 为地连墙墙体中心线半径; $\alpha$ 为修正系数,取 0.7 。
图中:1一环梁弹性支座;2一圆形地下连续墙环向效应等效支撑; 3一土体弹性支座; $h$ 一基坑开挖深度; ${l}_{\mathrm{d}}$ 一地连墙嵌固深度; ${e}_{\mathrm{{ak}}}$ 一水土压力。
图 9 对比了不同直径情况下二维弹性支点模型和三维空间结构模型得到的墙体竖向弯矩。由 图 9 可见: ①整体上,考虑环梁和地连墙空间效应的二维模型可以捕捉圆形地连墙的受力特征, 其得到的地连墙竖向弯矩沿深度方向的分布均与三维空间结构模型结果类似;②相比于三维空间结构模型, 尽管采用二维弹性支点模型计算时通过等效支撑弹簧考虑了环梁和圆形地连墙的环向支撑效应, 但其计算结果仍较三维空间结构模型计算结果偏大。
与三维空间结构模型的对比结果表明, 在围护结构外侧水土压力分布较为均匀、地连墙施工质量较好 (地连墙的垂直度和接头连接控制较好)时, 可以采用考虑环梁和地连墙环向效应的平面二维弹性地基梁模型进行圆形基坑围护结构设计, 且其计算结果更为保守。
根据 3.1、3.2 节分析结果可知, 随着基坑直径的变化,在第 8 道环梁 (埋深为 ${34}\mathrm{\;m}$ ) 以下至开挖面 (埋深为 ${50}\mathrm{\;m}$ ) 以上区域地连墙变形和内力均发生了显著的变化。由于在该区域内无环梁的支撑作用, 地连墙的力学性能基本上由其自身的环向刚度决定, 因此该区域内地连墙的受力变形特点可很好地反映其自身的尺寸效应对其环向等效支撑刚度的影响。 图 10 给出了在埋深为 ${34}\sim {50}\mathrm{\;m}$ 区域内地连墙的最大位移及最大弯矩随基坑开挖直径的变化关系。
图 10 可见: 地连墙径向位移和横向弯矩均随基坑开挖直径的增大而非线性增长; 墙体竖向弯矩和环向弯矩的变化明显, 反映了基坑尺寸效应对圆形地连墙力学性能的影响。明显地,当基坑直径小于 ${30}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时, 墙体竖向弯矩增长缓慢, 而环向弯矩仅有极小范围的波动; 而当基坑直径超过 ${30}\mathrm{\;m}$ 后,墙体竖向弯矩和环向弯矩均随基坑直径迅速增长, 这表明当基坑直径超过 ${30}\mathrm{\;m}$ 后,圆形地连墙的环向支撑效应随即减弱。由此可见,深圆形工作井基坑直径≤30 m 时环向效应十分明显。
本文基于深大城际圆形工作井基坑工程实例, 系统分析了不同直径条件下圆形基坑围护结构的受力变形特点, 对三维空间结构模型和二维弹性地基梁模型的计算结果进行了对比, 并讨论了工作井尺寸效应对圆形围护结构工作性能的影响, 所得主要结论如下:
1) 圆形基坑直径越小, 其围护结构整体刚度越大, 因此在相同荷载条件下其侧向变形和弯矩也就越小; 由于圆形地连墙实际为类圆形结构, 在水土压力作用下也产生了一定的竖向弯矩, 表明其处于多向受力状态, 因此在计算分析时考虑其实际形态是有必要的。
2) 采用考虑环梁和圆形地连墙环向支撑效应的二维弹性地基梁模型计算得到的圆形地连墙侧向变形和竖向弯矩分布规律与三维空间结构模型基本一致, 但在数值上较三维模型计算结果偏大, 表明在地连墙外侧水土压力分布较为均匀、地连墙和环梁环向效应能够准确把握时, 采用简化的二维等效模型进行圆形基坑围护结构设计是可行的, 且该计算结果较三维模型更为保守。
3) 空间尺寸效应对圆形基坑围护结构的工作性能具有显著影响。当基坑直径≤30 m 时,圆形基坑围护结构具有极为显著的环向效应, 使得其整体刚度较大,在水土压力下基坑围护结构变形和内力均较小。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52208400)
  • 深圳市市政设计研究院有限公司科研课题(KT202302)
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2024年第37卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.014
  • 接收时间:2024-04-08
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-08
  • 修回日期:2024-06-18
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国家自然科学基金(52208400)
深圳市市政设计研究院有限公司科研课题(KT202302)
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    1 深圳铁路投资建设集团有限公司 广东深圳 518031
    2 深圳市市政设计研究院有限公司 广东深圳 518029
    3 深圳大学 土木与交通工程学院 广东深圳 518060

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杨国富,男,硕士,工程师,主要从事地下结构及岩土工程设计工作,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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