Article(id=1149742002436227307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704988800000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-12, revisedDate=1711123200000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049454554, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049454554, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049454554, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049454554, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149741999626043609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752049453884, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780113622, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=91, endPage=98, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149742002603999472, articleId=1149742002436227307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Mechanical Method Construction Scheme for Ultra-long Connection Channels in the Composite Formation Area, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the challenges of high risk and extended construction periods associated with conventional methods for building longdistance connection channels, this study introduces a mechanical method in the composite formations of South China for the first time. Research focused on the overall project plan, selection of construction methods, equipment choices, and segment structure design, which led to the successful implementation of the project based on these findings. The following conclusions can be drawn: the mechanical method of connecting channels can solve engineering problems with long distances, large angles, and large inclinations and is applicable to composite formations in South China; it is feasible to change the assembly method of pipe segments from radial insertion to longitudinal insertion followed by radial insertion, by modifying the pipe segment design scheme.

, correspAuthors=Dongyan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xupeng WEI, Zeng FU, Peng CHENG, Peng LI, Dongyan ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149742016763970307, articleId=1149742002436227307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=复合地层超长联络通道机械法建造方案研究, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

常规工法在长距离联络通道建造过程中存在风险大、工期长等诸多负面问题,为解决此问题,拟在华南复合地层首次采用机械法联络通道建造方案,为此从整体方案、工法选择、设备设计及管片设计等方面进行研究,结果表明:机械法联络通道工法在复合地层具有适用性,可解决长距离、大夹角、大倾角的工程难题;通过修改管片设计方案,将机械法联络通道中管片拼装方式由径向插入修改为先纵向插入后径向插入是可行的。

, correspAuthors=张东彦, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张东彦,男,硕士,工程师,从事地下空间机械化建造设计与研究,
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魏旭鹏,男,硕士,高级工程师,从事地下空间机械化建造设计与研究,

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Guangdong architecture civil engineering, 2016, 23(增刊1): 52-56., articleTitle=Research on mechanical and deformation behaviors of shield tunnel segment under the condition of upper-soft and lower-hard composite stratum, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1153991666231926815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742002436227307, awardId=2020-重大−10, language=CN, fundingSource=中国中铁股份有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(2020-重大−10), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1153991657272894233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742002436227307, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153991657277088538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742002436227307, companyId=1153991657272894233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co., Ltd. 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项目 里程差/m
区间起点至 1#联络通道里程差 588.411
1#联络通道至 2#联络通道里程差 572.600
2#联络通道至 3#联络通道里程差 580.449
3#联络通道至 4#联络通道里程差 471.436
4#联络通道至区间终点里程差 596.864
), ArticleFig(id=1153991665934131219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742002436227307, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=各联络通道里程关系, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 里程差/m
区间起点至 1#联络通道里程差 588.411
1#联络通道至 2#联络通道里程差 572.600
2#联络通道至 3#联络通道里程差 580.449
3#联络通道至 4#联络通道里程差 471.436
4#联络通道至区间终点里程差 596.864
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工法 掘进机实物 管片 规格 开挖直径 主机长度 设备单价
盾构法 $\phi$ 3 150/ 2 650~ 550 mm $\phi {{3290}\mathrm{\;{mm}}}$ 4 160 mm 约 1700 万
顶管法 $\phi$ 3 260/ 2 760~ 900 mm $\phi {{3290}\mathrm{\;{mm}}}$ 约 1400 万
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工法 掘进机实物 管片 规格 开挖直径 主机长度 设备单价
盾构法 $\phi$ 3 150/ 2 650~ 550 mm $\phi {{3290}\mathrm{\;{mm}}}$ 4 160 mm 约 1700 万
顶管法 $\phi$ 3 260/ 2 760~ 900 mm $\phi {{3290}\mathrm{\;{mm}}}$ 约 1400 万
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复合地层超长联络通道机械法建造方案研究
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魏旭鹏 1, 2 , 付增 1, 2 , 程鹏 3 , 李鹏 1, 2 , 张东彦 1, 2
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(6): 91-98
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(6): 91-98
复合地层超长联络通道机械法建造方案研究
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魏旭鹏1, 2 , 付增1, 2, 程鹏3, 李鹏1, 2, 张东彦1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 郑州 450016
  • 2 中铁工业制造专业研发中心 城市地下空间开发技术与装备研发分中心 郑州 450016
  • 3 杭州未来之城地下空间规划设计研究院有限公司 杭州 311215
  • 魏旭鹏,男,硕士,高级工程师,从事地下空间机械化建造设计与研究,

通讯作者:

张东彦,男,硕士,工程师,从事地下空间机械化建造设计与研究,
Mechanical Method Construction Scheme for Ultra-long Connection Channels in the Composite Formation Area
Xupeng WEI1, 2 , Zeng FU1, 2, Peng CHENG3, Peng LI1, 2, Dongyan ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou 450016
  • 2 Urban underground space development technology and equipment research and development sub-center China Railway Industrial Manufacturing Research and Development Center Zhengzhou 450016
  • 3 Hangzhou Future City Underground Space Planning and Design Research Institute Co., Ltd. Hangzhou 311215
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.013
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常规工法在长距离联络通道建造过程中存在风险大、工期长等诸多负面问题,为解决此问题,拟在华南复合地层首次采用机械法联络通道建造方案,为此从整体方案、工法选择、设备设计及管片设计等方面进行研究,结果表明:机械法联络通道工法在复合地层具有适用性,可解决长距离、大夹角、大倾角的工程难题;通过修改管片设计方案,将机械法联络通道中管片拼装方式由径向插入修改为先纵向插入后径向插入是可行的。

城市轨道交通  /  机械法联络通道  /  复合地层  /  设备设计  /  管片设计  /  拼装方式

To address the challenges of high risk and extended construction periods associated with conventional methods for building longdistance connection channels, this study introduces a mechanical method in the composite formations of South China for the first time. Research focused on the overall project plan, selection of construction methods, equipment choices, and segment structure design, which led to the successful implementation of the project based on these findings. The following conclusions can be drawn: the mechanical method of connecting channels can solve engineering problems with long distances, large angles, and large inclinations and is applicable to composite formations in South China; it is feasible to change the assembly method of pipe segments from radial insertion to longitudinal insertion followed by radial insertion, by modifying the pipe segment design scheme.

urban rail transit  /  mechanical method for cross-passages  /  composite formation  /  equipment design  /  segment structure design  /  assembly modes
魏旭鹏, 付增, 程鹏, 李鹏, 张东彦. 复合地层超长联络通道机械法建造方案研究. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (6) : 91 -98 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.013
Xupeng WEI, Zeng FU, Peng CHENG, Peng LI, Dongyan ZHANG. Mechanical Method Construction Scheme for Ultra-long Connection Channels in the Composite Formation Area[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (6) : 91 -98 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.013
作为城市轨道交通隧道重要消防疏散设施的联络通道, 随着新型基建热潮兴起其建设规模将迎来进一步的发展 [ 1 ] 。目前修建城市轨道交通区间隧道采用的机械暗挖技术已较为成熟, 其中盾构法成为城市地铁区间修建的首选工法 [ 2 ] 。然而,联络通道由于受限于既有主线隧道空间小、通道结构复杂、装备研发难度大等原因, 常规联络通道施工方法仍以浅埋暗挖法为主, 常用的土层加固方法有 “冻结加固法” 和 “注浆加固法”。其中, 冻结加固法虽然能够增强冻土帷幕的强度且止水性较好, 但在实际施工中存在施工周期长、造价高、冻胀及融沉等不足 [ 3 ] ;注浆加固法投入小, 造价低, 但通常适合土质较好的隧道工程, 且施工风险大、作业环境差、施工速度慢[ 4 ]。
为解决传统浅埋暗挖法建造联络通道存在的问题, 国内外对采用机械法建造联络通道进行了若干尝试。1997 年采用顶管法施工的德国汉堡易北河第 4 隧道联络通道项目是有记载的首条机械法联络通道, 其埋深约 ${8.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,地质条件为岩层 [ 5 ] ; 2017 年采用顶管法修建的中国香港屯门赤鱲角连接线隧道联络通道项目,其埋深约 ${45}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,地质条件为海洋沉积物等 [ 6 ] ; 2018 年采用盾构法修建的宁波轨道交通 3 号线联络通道项目,其埋深约 ${18}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,地质条件为粉质黏土层 [ 7 ] ; 后续机械法联络通道在杭州、苏州、无锡等地得到推广应用, 但项目主要集中在华东地区, 地质条件以软土为主,在复合地层地区尚无应用案例 [ 8 - 11 ]
本文依托广州地铁 3 号线东延段番禺客运站至广州新城西站区间 4#联络通道的设计和施工, 探讨机械化联络通道的设计及施工难点以及广州复合地层对机械化联络通道设计及施工的独特影响, 以期为后续相近地层联络通道机械化建造方案提供相关参考。
广州地铁 3 号线东延段的番禺客运站至广州新城西站区间(简称 “番广区间”) 4#联络通道处主隧道线间距约 ${37.71}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,联络通道两端分别位于主隧道缓和曲线段,联络通道轴线与左线主隧道轴线夹角为 ${90}^{\circ }$ , 与右线主隧道轴线夹角为 ${84}^{\circ }$ ,如 图 1 所示。主隧道内径净空为 ${5.4}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,衬砌壁厚 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。联络通道埋深约 ${15.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,两端高差约 ${0.18}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。联络通道洞身位于 $< 5\mathrm{H}- 2 >$ 砂质黏性土地层、<6H>全风化花岗岩、<7H>强风化花岗岩、<6>全风化泥质粉砂岩等地层,如 图 2 所示。 地下常水位位于联络通道顶约 ${13}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。联络通道处断泥/ 断层破碎带为非全新世断裂。
1) 联络通道与主隧道夹角大, 从 图 1 可以看到最大夹角约为 ${6}^{\circ }$ ,采用掘进机施工时始发、接收难度大, 对施工精度要求高。
2) 从 图 2 可以看到主隧道左右线存在较大高差, 造成联络通道纵向坡度达到 5%。小直径掘进机施工姿态控制难度大。
3) 联络通道洞身处于断泥/断层破碎带, 地层复杂, 临近主隧道左线部分洞身范围内土层依次为<5H-2> 砂质黏性土地层、<6H>全风化花岗岩、<7H>强风化花岗岩,临近主隧道右线部分洞身范围内土层为<6> 全风化泥质粉砂岩。临近主隧道地层取样如 图 3 所示, 可以明显看出临近主隧道左线部分有较硬土层外露。 在上软下硬复合地层中掘进机姿态不易控制, 因刀盘切削土体存在 “欺软怕硬” 的特性, 在掘进机掘进过程中有向上层较软土层偏移的趋势。同时经刀盘切削下来的土体与地下水混合, 黏土颗粒通过刀盘碾压温度升高, 易在刀盘中心部位聚积, 形成 “泥饼”, 造成出渣困难、刀具非正常磨损,延误施工工期 [ 12 ]
针对目前 4 #联络通道线间距长约 ${37.71}\mathrm{\;m}$ 的情况, 常规冻结加固或注浆加固均存在一些困难:对于冻结加固来说, 因通道长度较长, 受冻结孔放射性布置的影响, 造成冻结孔布孔间距较密, 施工时冻结孔偏斜较难控制, 此外设备制冷量要增加, 施工风险控制难度大,冻结效果难以保障;对于注浆加固来说,因线间距较长, 造成注浆管需多次加长, 影响注浆效果, 同时由于地下水位位于联络通道顶以上约 ${13}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,如注浆效果不好势必影响工程安全。因此, 采用目前已经技术成熟的机械法是很有必要的。
但采用机械法也存在一些困难, 如项目存在通道较长、联络通道起终点位于主隧道缓和曲线段、洞身位于断泥/断层破碎带等施工不利条件, 因此考虑调整优化联络通道整体方案。调整优化原则主要考虑以下 3 点: ①联络通道尽可能短; ②联络通道两端尽可能位于主隧道直线段;③联络通道洞身位于稳定土层段。
根据线路规划设计,番广区间共有 4 条联络通道, 各联络通道里程关系如 表 1 所示。从 表 1 可以看出, 除 3 #联络通道与 4 #联络通道外,各里程差均接近 ${600}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。 3 #联络通道与 4 #联络通道里程差为 ${471}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,有一定的调整区间, $4\#$ 联络通道可向区间终点移动约 ${100}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。但从 图 1 可以看出,从现有4#联络通道位置向区间终点方向约 ${100}\mathrm{\;m}$ 范围内,主隧道线型变为圆曲线,且左右线间距越来越大, 同时断泥/断层破碎带也延伸至区间终点位置,综合以上因素,稳定了 4 #联络通道建设位置。
在复合地层及长距离、大夹角、大倾角等情况下机械法建造联络通道, 与常规软土地区相比存在以下显著不同:①联络通道掘进机顶推力要比软土地区的大, ②掘进机姿态控制难, ③管片受周边岩土体作用不均匀等。为此需要在工法选择、设备设计及管片设计等方面进一步研究。
机械法建造联络通道还可以细分为顶管法和盾构法, 两者主要区别为联络通道衬砌构筑的方法不同。 理论上, 顶管法施工时前进阻力随着顶进长度的增加而增加, 盾构法施工时前进阻力较为平稳, 与总联络通道的长度无关。
除此之外, 受限于主隧道开口率的限制, 对于顶管法和盾构法, 其主隧道预留洞门大小一致, 这样由于盾构法需采用管片拼装机及盾尾密封, 造成盾构法管片的外径比顶管法管片外径稍小;同时盾构法掘进机的长度也较顶管法的稍长。 表 2 为盾构法和顶管法的对比。
表 2 可以看出, 顶管机的造价稍低, 在考虑相同设备摊销情况下,盾构法较顶管法施工单价高了约 $5\mathrm{万}/\mathrm{m}$ ,此外顶管法施工步序较为简单,因此通常情况下优先选择顶管法。但本工程联络通道掘进距离较长, 顶推力要求较高, 为安全起见, 根据项目实际情况,取 $< 7\mathrm{H}>$ 强风化花岗岩的土层参数进行计算,综合摩擦阻力 $R$${16}\mathrm{{kPa}}$ ,衬砌环直径 ${D}_{1}$${3.26}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,顶进长度 $L$${37.71}- 6 ={31.71}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,掘进机开挖轮廓直径 ${D}_{2}$${3.29}\mathrm{m}$ ,水土容重 $\gamma ={19.5}\mathrm{{kN}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}, H$${15.7}\mathrm{m}$ 。根据魏纲 [ 13 ] 等的研究,代入其文中顶推力公式 (10)计算, 总顶力 $F = 7{799}\mathrm{{kN}}$ 。根据该顶推力研究其对主隧道的影响, 利用有限元软件进行建立模型, 如 图 4 所示。
模拟施工过程采用地层-结构模型, 考虑顶推油缸对主隧道始发端施加的后背靠顶力和垂直方向的预支撑力,后背靠顶力取为 ${7799}\mathrm{{kN}}$ ,将其代入模型计算, 计算结果如 图 5 所示。
由 可知,主隧道水平向变形最大值为 ,垂直向变形最大值为 ,超出《盾构隧道工程设计标准》(GB/T 51438- 2021 ) 要求的管片容许最大变形量 ,考虑施工操作等人力因素, 可能还将超出 ,故采用顶管法施工不妥。
下面研究采用盾构法时掘进机的顶推力, 根据朱合华 [ 15 ] 等的研究,并考虑土仓压力为静止土压力,则在盾构机长度为 ${4.16}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,静止土压力系数为 0.6,其他条件不变的情况下,计算得到的顶推力为 ${3762}\mathrm{{kN}}$ 。 将其代入三维模型, 计算结果如 图 6 所示。
图 6 可知,主隧道水平向变形最大值为 ${2.96}+ {3.36}=$ ${6.32}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,垂直向变形最大值为 ${9.0}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,均小于规范 [ 14 ] 容许最大变形量。同时该联络通道项目其纵轴线与主隧道存在较大夹角, 且自身纵向存在坡度, 综合考虑推荐采用盾构法施工。
联络通道掘进机待掘进地层中存在上软下硬情况, 且上部软土地层为砂质黏土等土层, 掘进过程中存在以下难题:土压不易控制、刀盘磨损较严重、盾构姿态不易控制等。同时极有可能在刀盘处产生泥饼, 泥饼的存在会造成掘进速度下降, 掘进阻力增大进而造成刀盘扭矩上升,降低开挖效率,甚至无法掘进。 为预防以上问题, 掘进机进行以下相关设计。
1) 刀盘设计。采用介于辐条式刀盘和面板式刀盘之间的辐板式刀盘, 刀盘开口率约 38%, 同时增加滚刀与贝壳撕裂刀的高差。如 图 7 所示, 刀盘中心及周边各设置 2 个泡沫喷口, 可充分对渣土进行改良, 避免渣土黏糊在刀盘中心部位, 从而有效降低刀盘结泥饼的概率。
2) 搅拌棒设计。在刀盘背面设置 4 根主动搅拌棒, 其可对土仓内渣土进行搅拌, 能够有效防止土仓中心泥饼产生。
3) 顶推油缸设计。推进系统共布置 15 根油缸, 分 4 组布置, 分别为上 3 下 6 左 3 右 3 ,可分区设置顶推力, 有助于掘进机纠偏。
机械法联络通道工法创立之初, 盾构法联络通道管片设计如 图 8 所示,分为 5 块,包括 1 块封顶块 (圆心角 ${64}^{\circ }$ )、2 块邻接块 (圆心角 ${68}^{\circ }$ )及 2 块标准块 (圆心角 ${80}^{\circ }$ )。
当封顶块中心水平放置时,对于 图 8 中的 Q-Q 断面, 容易看出封顶块的外弧面位置低于内弧面位置, 这样造成在外侧压力作用下, 封顶块有向内侧移动的趋势, 这一趋势仅靠管片连接螺栓来抵抗。原始方案这样设计是因为在主隧道内径为 ${5.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 左右时,受限于联络通道盾构机机身较长(长约 4.2 m),推进油缸行程长度仅为 ${0.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,造成此处封顶块拼装施工较难像常规盾构施工时封顶块先纵向插入, 与邻接块搭接 $2/3$ 环宽后径向推入,而是为方便施工将封顶块拼装施工设计为直接径向推入。这样的封顶块拼装方式在软土地区具有一定的可行性, 但在复合地层地区, 存在一定的安全风险, 因复合地层土层参数变化较大, 掘进过程中盾构姿态较难控制, 衬砌环走向与盾构姿态不能完全协调一致, 容易造成衬砌环受到盾尾挤压而出现径向位移, 进而可能造成直接径向推入的封顶块在此作用下挣脱螺栓的约束, 掉落进隧道内部, 造成工程事故。因此需要寻求一种新的管片拼装方式, 确保封顶块可以与邻接块先搭接后拼装。
由于盾构机单次掘进长度有限, 在保证管片封顶块与邻接块有一定搭接量的前提下, 有两种解决思路, 一种是缩减管片的环宽, 另一种是调整封顶块的圆心角、插入角及接头角。
因原始方案中管片环宽仅为 ${0.55}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,如进行环宽缩减, 会造成螺栓手孔进一步削弱管片, 同时管片拼装次数也将增多, 因此确定后续方案中环宽不再缩减, 仍采用 ${0.55}\mathrm{\;m}$ 的管片环宽,主要研究调整封顶块的圆心角、插入角及接头角。
假设封顶块插入角为 ${\theta }_{l}$ 、封顶块接头角为 ${\theta }_{r}$ 、拼装间隙为 $x$ 、盾构机推进油缸行程长度为 $l$ 。则假定封顶块与邻接块相邻接触面初始状态为面①, 如 图 9 所示。将面①绕 $Z$ 轴旋转插入角 ${\theta }_{l}$ 得到面②,将面②绕面②与 ${xOy}$ 平面的交线旋转接头角 ${\theta }_{r}$ 得到面③,然后将面③沿 $x$ 轴方向移动距离 $l$ ,则此时面③与面④的距离即为拼装间隙 $x$ 。由解析几何关系可以得到拼装间隙 $x$$l\cos {\theta }_{r}\sin {\theta }_{l}$ 成正相关。
利用 MATLAB 编写相应程序, 经计算, 在圆心角为 ${72}^{\circ }$ 、插入角为 ${30}^{\circ }$ 及接头角为 ${31}^{\circ }$ 时,可以实现管片先纵向插入后径向插入拼装。封顶块与邻接块搭接长度为 ${0.45}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,拼装间隙约为 ${30}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。由此确定了将管片拼装方式由径向插入修改为先纵向插入后径向插入的管片分块方案,调整后的管片分块如 图 10 所示。
按照如 图 10 所示的分块方案进行新管片模具方案设计时,发现原有手孔设置角度存在无法脱模的情况, 为此修改了管片纵缝螺栓手孔的设置, 将纵缝螺栓弯曲半径由 ${350}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 修改为 ${310}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,从而保证手孔处混凝土脱模角度不小于 ${5}^{\circ }$ 的要求,如 图 11 所示。
在管片受力方面,目前国内外学者对管片在单一地层环境下做了较多的研究, 但在上软下硬地层中, 管片受力会有一些新的特点。雷凯 [ 16 ] 等学者用隧道断面范围内软土层的相对比例表示地层复合比, 并提出管片最大内力随着地层复合比的变化而变化。下面结合本工程地质情况对管片受力进行对比分析。根据详勘资料,软土段土体基床系数取 ${55}\mathrm{{MPa}}/\mathrm{m}$ ,硬土段土体基床系数取 ${200}\mathrm{{MPa}}/\mathrm{m}$
对纯软土段、纯硬土段及地层复合比为 0.85 的情况进行管片受力分析, 结果如 图 12 所示。由 图 12 可以看出:地层复合比为 0.85 时管片弯矩大于纯软土段、 纯硬土段的管片弯矩, 实际设计中考虑将此种情况下的管片弯矩作为管片配筋设计依据。
为了应对本工程长距离、大夹角、大倾角的难点, 在采用盾构法施工时, 管片设计考虑设置一定的楔形量满足拟合线路的需要。
本机械法联络通道项目贯通耗时约 ${20}\mathrm{\;d}$ ,日均掘进 3 环。联络通道掘进施工时, 其总推力保持在 2000 ~ ${4000}\mathrm{{kN}}$ 之间,如 图 13 所示。可以明显看出推力值随掘进土层发生变化, 初始施工时, 掘进土层主要为全风化泥质粉砂,此时推力为 ${2900}\mathrm{{kN}}$ 左右,当盾构掘进至砂质黏性土与全风化花岗岩地层时推力增至 ${3800}\mathrm{{kN}}$ 左右。
联络通道施工过程中地面沉降监测结果如 图 14 所示,在联络通道施工过程中地面沉降最大值约为 ${24}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 满足规范 [ 14 ] 要求。番广区间 4 #联络通道的成功实施, 验证了机械法建造方案的可行性, 可为后续相似项目提供借鉴和参考。
本文针对广州地铁 3 号线东延段番禺客运站至广州新城西站区间 4#联络通道采用机械法建造工程面临的工程难点, 从整体方案、工法选择、设备设计及管片设计等方面进行研究, 并结合工程实施情况, 得出如下结论:
1) 机械法联络通道工法在华南复合地层具有适用性。复合地层建造相关难题可通过在设备设计及管片设计等方面进行针对性研究进行解决。
2) 机械法联络通道工法可解决长距离(线间距约 ${37.71}\mathrm{\;m}$ )、大夹角(约 ${6}^{\circ }$ )、大倾角(约 $5\%$ )的工程难题。
3) 对于狭小空间下管片设计与管片拼装协同的问题, 通过修改管片设计方案, 将机械法联络通道中管片拼装方式由径向插入修改为先纵向插入后径向插入是可行的。
4) 机械法联络通道工法应根据项目具体长度、土层等信息综合判断顶管法及盾构法的适用性, 顶推力对主隧道管片的影响是重要因素。
5) 目前机械法联络通道管片设计受限于主隧道内净空, 对于顶管法及盾构法, 其环宽均较窄, 随着越来越多的城际铁路工程纳入筹划建设工程中来, 其较大内净空可为后续机械法联络通道管片设计的优化提供更多可能。
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.013
  • 接收时间:2024-01-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-12
  • 修回日期:2024-03-23
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中国中铁股份有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(2020-重大−10)
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    1 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 郑州 450016
    2 中铁工业制造专业研发中心 城市地下空间开发技术与装备研发分中心 郑州 450016
    3 杭州未来之城地下空间规划设计研究院有限公司 杭州 311215

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张东彦,男,硕士,工程师,从事地下空间机械化建造设计与研究,
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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