Article(id=1149742003354776362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1703001600000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-20, revisedDate=1723046400000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049454773, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049454773, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049454773, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049454773, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149741999626043609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752049453884, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780113622, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000912746139777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149741999626043609, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=40, endPage=47, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149742003589657387, articleId=1149742003354776362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Travel Behavior of River-valley-type City Considering Spatial Perception Based on SEM-Logit, columnId=1152669340382966151, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Forum of Rapid Rail Transit, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the impact of travelers' subjective spatial perceptions on travel behavior in the context of distinct urban terrain, this study takes Lanzhou, a typical rivervalleytype city, as an example. It establishes an integrated model of SEMLogit and explores the impact of the spatial perception of rivervalleytype city travelers on rail transit travel mode choice based on questionnaire data. The results show the following: ① Compared with the logit model without considering travel space perception, the goodness of fit of the logit model considering travel space perception by SEM increased by 0.234, and the prediction accuracy increased by 7.75%. ② The spatial perception of travelers in rivervalleytype cities has a significant positive impact on the choice of rail transit travel intention and behavior. ③ The spatial perception of travelers in the rivervalleytype city from five aspects, including the unnecessary detour, rivers in the river-valley-type city, wasp waist blockage, convenience of inter-group travel, and degree of being affected by road slope, l significantly influences travelers in the river-valley-type city to choose rail transit. The degree of influence decreases sequentially among these factors.

, correspAuthors=Jinping QI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mengxing FAN, Jinping QI, Xiangdong ZHENG, Hongtai SHANG, Jiayun KAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149742007549080392, articleId=1149742003354776362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=基于SEM-Logit 模型及空间感知的河谷型城市出行行为研究, columnId=1152669340680761737, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=快轨论坛, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为综合探究城市特殊地形背景下出行者的出行行为,以典型的河谷型城市兰州市为例,建立 SEMLogit 的整合模型,基于问卷数据探究河谷型城市出行者的空间感知对轨道交通出行方式选择的影响。结果表明:①相较于不考虑出行空间感知的 Logit 模型,通过 SEM考虑出行空间感知的 Logit 模型拟合优度提高了 0.234,预测准确率提高了 7.75%;②河谷型城市出行者的空间感知对选择轨道交通出行意向以及出行行为均有显著的正向影响;③5个方面的河谷型城市出行者的空间感知,均会显著影响河谷型城市出行者选择轨道交通出行。

, correspAuthors=齐金平, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
齐金平,男,博士,副教授,从事轨道交通运输规划与管理研究,
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范梦醒,女,硕士研究生,从事城市轨道交通运输规划与管理研究,

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范梦醒,女,硕士研究生,从事城市轨道交通运输规划与管理研究,

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范梦醒,女,硕士研究生,从事城市轨道交通运输规划与管理研究,

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潜变量 符号 测量变量的问题描述
安全性感知 sec sec1 人身安全
sec2 财物安全
sec3 起点至站点安全
便捷性感知 CON con 1 购票检票操作简单
con 2 站点信息表述清楚
con3 站点接驳性好、换乘方便
con4 发车间隔短、准点率高
con 5 首班车时间合理
经济性感知 eco ecol 票价形式多样
eco2 与其他换乘优惠
eco3 票价优惠活动频繁
舒适性感知 com coml 车内有座位
com2 候车感受好
com3 车内卫生状况好
空间感知 ${spa}$ spal 组团间出行更方便
spa2 出行无需不必要绕行
spa3 出行不受域内河流影响
spa4 出行不受道路坡度影响
spa5 出行不受蜂腰堵塞影响
轨道交通出行 选择意向 int intl 日常愿意优先选择轨道交通
int2 会向家人朋友推荐轨道交通
int3 愿意经常选择轨道交通出行
), ArticleFig(id=1154044458556445477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003354776362, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=观测变量的问题描述, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜变量 符号 测量变量的问题描述
安全性感知 sec sec1 人身安全
sec2 财物安全
sec3 起点至站点安全
便捷性感知 CON con 1 购票检票操作简单
con 2 站点信息表述清楚
con3 站点接驳性好、换乘方便
con4 发车间隔短、准点率高
con 5 首班车时间合理
经济性感知 eco ecol 票价形式多样
eco2 与其他换乘优惠
eco3 票价优惠活动频繁
舒适性感知 com coml 车内有座位
com2 候车感受好
com3 车内卫生状况好
空间感知 ${spa}$ spal 组团间出行更方便
spa2 出行无需不必要绕行
spa3 出行不受域内河流影响
spa4 出行不受道路坡度影响
spa5 出行不受蜂腰堵塞影响
轨道交通出行 选择意向 int intl 日常愿意优先选择轨道交通
int2 会向家人朋友推荐轨道交通
int3 愿意经常选择轨道交通出行
), ArticleFig(id=1154044458640331558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003354776362, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Descriptive statistics, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 类别 百分比/%
性别 44.57
55.43
年龄 $\lbrack {18},{40})$ 57.24
$\lbrack {40},{60})$ 37.11
$\lbrack {60}, + \infty )$ 5.65
职业 自由度高 29.36
自由度低 70.64
月收入 $\lbrack 0,5\mathrm{k})$ 33.37
$\lbrack 5\mathrm{k},{10}\mathrm{k})$ 49.69
$\lbrack {10}\mathrm{k},{15}\mathrm{k})$ 13.47
$\lbrack {15}\mathrm{k}, + \infty )$ 3.47
私家车 66.78
33.22
出行目的 弹性出行 65.90
刚性出行 34.10
出发时段 平峰期 42.61
高峰期 57.39
出行距离 [0,7.7 km) 65.83
$\lbrack {7.7}\mathrm{\;{km}}, + \infty )$ 34.17
换乘次数 0 71.66
1 26.11
1
2.23
职住距离 $\left\lbrack {0,{7.7}\mathrm{\;{km}}}\right)$ 56.53
$\lbrack {7.7}\mathrm{\;{km}}, + \infty )$ 43.47
起讫点至站点距离 $\lbrack 0,1\mathrm{\;{km}})$ 76.12
$\lbrack 1\mathrm{\;{km}}, + \infty )$ 23.88
目的地可用停车位 80.25
19.75
出发地土地利用混 合度 <0.5 75.99
0.5
24.01
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变量 类别 百分比/%
性别 44.57
55.43
年龄 $\lbrack {18},{40})$ 57.24
$\lbrack {40},{60})$ 37.11
$\lbrack {60}, + \infty )$ 5.65
职业 自由度高 29.36
自由度低 70.64
月收入 $\lbrack 0,5\mathrm{k})$ 33.37
$\lbrack 5\mathrm{k},{10}\mathrm{k})$ 49.69
$\lbrack {10}\mathrm{k},{15}\mathrm{k})$ 13.47
$\lbrack {15}\mathrm{k}, + \infty )$ 3.47
私家车 66.78
33.22
出行目的 弹性出行 65.90
刚性出行 34.10
出发时段 平峰期 42.61
高峰期 57.39
出行距离 [0,7.7 km) 65.83
$\lbrack {7.7}\mathrm{\;{km}}, + \infty )$ 34.17
换乘次数 0 71.66
1 26.11
1
2.23
职住距离 $\left\lbrack {0,{7.7}\mathrm{\;{km}}}\right)$ 56.53
$\lbrack {7.7}\mathrm{\;{km}}, + \infty )$ 43.47
起讫点至站点距离 $\lbrack 0,1\mathrm{\;{km}})$ 76.12
$\lbrack 1\mathrm{\;{km}}, + \infty )$ 23.88
目的地可用停车位 80.25
19.75
出发地土地利用混 合度 <0.5 75.99
0.5
24.01
), ArticleFig(id=1154044458787132200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003354776362, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Model index test, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜变量 Cronbach’s alpha AVE C.R. KMO Bartlett 检验 累积总方差 解释率
sec 0.767 0.536 0.772 0.886 0.000 71.37%
con 0.821 0.509 0.833
eco 0.782 0.567 0.795
com 0.765 0.516 0.759
tsp 0.870 0.581 0.872
int 0.853 - -
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潜变量 Cronbach’s alpha AVE C.R. KMO Bartlett 检验 累积总方差 解释率
sec 0.767 0.536 0.772 0.886 0.000 71.37%
con 0.821 0.509 0.833
eco 0.782 0.567 0.795
com 0.765 0.516 0.759
tsp 0.870 0.581 0.872
int 0.853 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1154044458908767018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003354776362, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Structural equation model path results, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径 系数 近似标准误差 S.E. 临界比率C.R. P
sec $\rightarrow$ int 0.346 0.03 5.92 ******
con $\rightarrow$ int 0.447 0.04 7.32 水水水
eco $\rightarrow$ int 0.313 0.03 5.95 ******
com $\rightarrow$ int 0.584 0.03 8.55 冰冰冰
spa $\rightarrow$ int 0.534 0.02 9.36 ******
), ArticleFig(id=1154044458984264491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003354776362, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=结构方程模型结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径 系数 近似标准误差 S.E. 临界比率C.R. P
sec $\rightarrow$ int 0.346 0.03 5.92 ******
con $\rightarrow$ int 0.447 0.04 7.32 水水水
eco $\rightarrow$ int 0.313 0.03 5.95 ******
com $\rightarrow$ int 0.584 0.03 8.55 冰冰冰
spa $\rightarrow$ int 0.534 0.02 9.36 ******
), ArticleFig(id=1154044459047179052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003354776362, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Parameter estimation, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 符号 Logit 模型 SEM-Logit 模型
系数 显著性 Sig. 优势比 Exp(B) 系数 显著性Sig. 优势比 Exp(B)
常量 cst -4.350 0.001 0.013 -13.516 0.000 0.000
性别 sex 0.020 0.062 1.020 0.009 0.520 1.009
年龄 age -0.015 0.036 0.986 -0.022 0.030 0.979
职业 occ 1.064 0.000 2.898 0.816 0.000 2.261
月收入 inc -0.419 0.000 0.658 -0.752 0.000 0.472
私家车持有 car 0.234 0.000 1.263 0.337 0.000 1.400
出行目的 aim 0.101 0.020 1.106 0.267 0.000 1.307
出发时段 dep 0.134 0.000 1.143 0.158 0.000 1.171
出行距离 dis 0.149 0.000 1.161 0.084 0.003 1.088
换乘次数 tra -0.077 0.110 0.926 -0.198 0.004 0.820
职住距离 ord 0.087 0.000 1.090 0.132 0.000 1.142
起讫点至站点距离 sta -0.249 0.000 0.779 -0.132 0.001 0.877
目的地停车可用性 npl 0.588 0.001 1.801 0.487 0.046 1.628
出发地土地利用混合度 lum -0.037 0.000 0.964 -0.031 0.000 0.969
安全性感知 sec 0.132 0.001 1.141
便捷性感知 con 1.482 0.000 4.402
经济性感知 eco 1.613 0.000 5.018
舒适性感知 com 1.060 0.001 2.887
空间感知 spa 2.058 0.000 7.826
$- 2\mathrm{{LL}}\left( \beta \right)$ 600.804 336.379
Nagelkerke ${R}^{2}$ 0.567 0.801
模型预测准确率/% 84.36 92.11
), ArticleFig(id=1154044459122676525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742003354776362, language=CN, label=表 5, caption=参数估计, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 符号 Logit 模型 SEM-Logit 模型
系数 显著性 Sig. 优势比 Exp(B) 系数 显著性Sig. 优势比 Exp(B)
常量 cst -4.350 0.001 0.013 -13.516 0.000 0.000
性别 sex 0.020 0.062 1.020 0.009 0.520 1.009
年龄 age -0.015 0.036 0.986 -0.022 0.030 0.979
职业 occ 1.064 0.000 2.898 0.816 0.000 2.261
月收入 inc -0.419 0.000 0.658 -0.752 0.000 0.472
私家车持有 car 0.234 0.000 1.263 0.337 0.000 1.400
出行目的 aim 0.101 0.020 1.106 0.267 0.000 1.307
出发时段 dep 0.134 0.000 1.143 0.158 0.000 1.171
出行距离 dis 0.149 0.000 1.161 0.084 0.003 1.088
换乘次数 tra -0.077 0.110 0.926 -0.198 0.004 0.820
职住距离 ord 0.087 0.000 1.090 0.132 0.000 1.142
起讫点至站点距离 sta -0.249 0.000 0.779 -0.132 0.001 0.877
目的地停车可用性 npl 0.588 0.001 1.801 0.487 0.046 1.628
出发地土地利用混合度 lum -0.037 0.000 0.964 -0.031 0.000 0.969
安全性感知 sec 0.132 0.001 1.141
便捷性感知 con 1.482 0.000 4.402
经济性感知 eco 1.613 0.000 5.018
舒适性感知 com 1.060 0.001 2.887
空间感知 spa 2.058 0.000 7.826
$- 2\mathrm{{LL}}\left( \beta \right)$ 600.804 336.379
Nagelkerke ${R}^{2}$ 0.567 0.801
模型预测准确率/% 84.36 92.11
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基于SEM-Logit 模型及空间感知的河谷型城市出行行为研究
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范梦醒 1 , 齐金平 1, 2, 3 , 郑向东 4 , 尚宏泰 1 , 阚甲赟 5
都市快轨交通 | 快轨论坛 2024,37(6): 40-47
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都市快轨交通 | 快轨论坛 2024, 37(6): 40-47
基于SEM-Logit 模型及空间感知的河谷型城市出行行为研究
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范梦醒1 , 齐金平1, 2, 3 , 郑向东4, 尚宏泰1, 阚甲赟5
作者信息
  • 1 兰州交通大学 机电技术研究所 兰州 730070
  • 2 甘肃省物流及运输装备信息化工程技术研究中心 兰州 730070
  • 3 甘肃省物流与运输装备行业技术中心 兰州 730070
  • 4 兰州市轨道交通有限公司 兰州 730030
  • 5 兰州交通大学 电子与信息工程学院 兰州 730070
  • 范梦醒,女,硕士研究生,从事城市轨道交通运输规划与管理研究,

通讯作者:

齐金平,男,博士,副教授,从事轨道交通运输规划与管理研究,
Travel Behavior of River-valley-type City Considering Spatial Perception Based on SEM-Logit
Mengxing FAN1 , Jinping QI1, 2, 3 , Xiangdong ZHENG4, Hongtai SHANG1, Jiayun KAN5
Affiliations
  • 1 Mechatronics T & R Institute Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070
  • 2 Engineering Technology Centre for Information of Logistics and Transport Equipment Lanzhou 730070
  • 3 Gansu Industry Technology Center of Logistics and Transport Equipment Lanzhou 730070
  • 4 Lanzhou Rail Transit Co., Ltd. Lanzhou 730030
  • 5 School of Electronic and Information Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.006
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为综合探究城市特殊地形背景下出行者的出行行为,以典型的河谷型城市兰州市为例,建立 SEMLogit 的整合模型,基于问卷数据探究河谷型城市出行者的空间感知对轨道交通出行方式选择的影响。结果表明:①相较于不考虑出行空间感知的 Logit 模型,通过 SEM考虑出行空间感知的 Logit 模型拟合优度提高了 0.234,预测准确率提高了 7.75%;②河谷型城市出行者的空间感知对选择轨道交通出行意向以及出行行为均有显著的正向影响;③5个方面的河谷型城市出行者的空间感知,均会显著影响河谷型城市出行者选择轨道交通出行。

城市轨道交通  /  河谷型城市  /  出行行为  /  结构方程模型  /  Logit 模型  /  空间感知

To explore the impact of travelers' subjective spatial perceptions on travel behavior in the context of distinct urban terrain, this study takes Lanzhou, a typical rivervalleytype city, as an example. It establishes an integrated model of SEMLogit and explores the impact of the spatial perception of rivervalleytype city travelers on rail transit travel mode choice based on questionnaire data. The results show the following: ① Compared with the logit model without considering travel space perception, the goodness of fit of the logit model considering travel space perception by SEM increased by 0.234, and the prediction accuracy increased by 7.75%. ② The spatial perception of travelers in rivervalleytype cities has a significant positive impact on the choice of rail transit travel intention and behavior. ③ The spatial perception of travelers in the rivervalleytype city from five aspects, including the unnecessary detour, rivers in the river-valley-type city, wasp waist blockage, convenience of inter-group travel, and degree of being affected by road slope, l significantly influences travelers in the river-valley-type city to choose rail transit. The degree of influence decreases sequentially among these factors.

urban rail transit  /  river-valley-type city  /  travel behavior  /  structural equation model  /  logit model  /  spatial perception
范梦醒, 齐金平, 郑向东, 尚宏泰, 阚甲赟. 基于SEM-Logit 模型及空间感知的河谷型城市出行行为研究. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (6) : 40 -47 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.006
Mengxing FAN, Jinping QI, Xiangdong ZHENG, Hongtai SHANG, Jiayun KAN. Travel Behavior of River-valley-type City Considering Spatial Perception Based on SEM-Logit[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (6) : 40 -47 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.006
随着交通拥堵的日益严峻, 如何处理出行需求与交通供给的矛盾成为政府面对的棘手问题。河谷型城市由于受到地形限制以及域内河流割裂, 与同等规模的平原城市相比,城市空间与交通发展间的矛盾更为严重 [ 1 ] 。作为缓解城市交通问题的重要方式,城市轨道交通不仅有安全、环保、快速、运量大等优点, 还可以缩短时空距离、延伸居民的活动空间, 同时河谷型城市交通走廊轴向距离长并呈现出明显的集聚效应,这对于发展城市轨道交通非常有利 [ 2 ] 。探究影响河谷型城市居民出行方式选择的因素可更加深入、精细化地了解出行者的出行需求, 对解决河谷型城市的交通问题具有重要意义。
建成环境对居民出行方式选择的影响一直是热点问题, 学者们试图通过改善城市建成环境来促进出行结构的调整, 引导个体交通行为的转变, 从而达到缓解城市交通拥堵的目的。对城市建成环境的认识通常包括土地混合利用度、站点密度等客观建成环境因素, 以及出行者对空间的主观感知等主观建成环境因素 [ 3 ] 。PINJARI 等 [ 4 ] 发现,高土地利用混合度的地区可以改善职住平衡从而减少居民使用汽车出行。申犁帆等 [ 5 ] 研究发现,步行范围内轨道交通和公交站点数量对轨道交通通勤选择有显著影响。尹超英等 [ 6 ] 研究表明停车可用性对汽车通勤有显著的正向影响。随着研究的深入, 学者们发现仅分析客观建成环境的作用不足以解释结果, 于是开始关注出行者对建成环境的主观感知。黄晓燕等 [ 7 ] 发现出行者对建成环境的感知显著影响出行方式的选择。建成环境已被证明通过影响出行者的服务感知并最终影响出行方式的选择 [ 8 ] 。 Ding等[ 9 ]得出道路坡度咸知对机动虫行有正向影响朱敏清等 [ 10 ] 证实拥堵感知对出行路径调整有显著影响。近年来, 影响出行方式选择的指标逐渐趋于全面化。然而, 在具有特殊性的河谷型城市居民出行方面尚未有研究综合考虑主客观建成环境与出行方式选择行为间的关联性。
本文以兰州市为例, 针对河谷型城市交通特征, 构建涵盖可直接观测的显变量和不可直接观测的心理感知潜变量的出行方式选择的影响因素指标体系, 建立考虑出行者空间感知的 SEM-Logit 模型, 并基于问卷数据分析轨道交通出行方式选择的影响因素和作用机理。研究结果有助于城市交通管理者采取针对性策略提升河谷型城市出行者轨道交通出行意愿, 缓解路面交通拥堵, 并为其他河谷型城市提供借鉴。
河谷型城市是指城市主体在河流和山谷中形成和发展的城市。兰州市是典型的河谷型城市, 如 图 1 所示。就客观建成环境而言, 由于受到地形和河流的限制, 相对于同规模的一般平原城市, 河谷型城市的道路资源更加有限, 土地利用混合度低, 可用停车位更少, 城市的组团特征明显, 道路坡度较大, 职住分离度较高(7.7 km) [ 11 ]
相较于一般的平原型城市, 河谷型城市的交通发展均衡性差, 各个组团中心的交通网络和设施发展优于各个组团边缘, 导致跨组团出行和组团内部出行的便捷性存在差异; 河谷型城市的道路非直线系数较大,路网错综复杂,存在更多断头路和单行道,而且居民要实现城市两端的交流就必须经过城市中心区, 这些都导致了非必要绕行的增多; 河谷型城市域内河流贯穿城市且与城市主干道方向一致, 河谷型城市的路面交通出行者会产生比一般平原城市出行者更多的寻桥过河的绕行路程; 河谷型城市组团边缘交通发展落后、组团交界处狭窄、客流方向单一、中心区与其他组团的交流量大,以及河流和错综复杂路网导致平均绕路多等各方面因素, 使得河谷型城市的高峰时段比同规模下的一般平原城市的持续时间更长。 这些问题都使得河谷型城市出行者的出行行为受到制约 [ 12 ]
由于交通特征和背景等方面的许多不同, 在河谷型城市出行方式选择行为的研究中, 不能完全参考同规模一般形态城市的指标体系。因此, 本文结合河谷型城市以上特征, 引入空间感知潜变量 “出行存在不必要绕行的占比、受河谷型城市域内河流影响的程度、 受蜂腰堵塞影响的程度、城市组团间出行的方便程度和受道路坡度影响的程度” 这 5 个方面的观测变量, 各方面的感知潜变量对应观测变量的问题描述如 表 1 所示。
系统全面地确认了河谷型城市居民轨道交通出行方式选择影响因素, 其指标评价体系如 图 2 所示。
Logit 模型是可用于处理分类因变量的离散选择法模型之一, 对出行方式选择行为研究非常适用, 但无法衡量潜在变量, 如出行者的感知、态度等对出行方式选择的影响, 忽略潜变量的影响会使模型的解释能力不足。结构方程模型是用来分析变量之间关系的一种统计方法, 可同时考虑并处理多个因变量, 还可以同时估计因子结构和关系; 然而仅使用结构方程模型同时估计显变量与潜变量间的关系会使建立的模型因变量关系过于复杂。因此, 本文在 Logit 模型的基础上引入结构方程模型(structural equation model, SEM) 来刻画河谷型城市出行者的出行空间感知对轨道交通出行决策的影响, 构建考虑空间感知的河谷型城市轨道交通出行方式选择的 SEM-Logit 整合模型 [ 13 ] ,如 图 3 所示。提出如下假设:出行者的决策过程是理性的,会选择效用函数最大的出行方式;出行方式选择肢包括为轨道交通方式和非轨道交通方式; 效用函数的误差项服从 Gumbel 分布。
结构方程模型主要由测量模型和结构模型构成: 测量模型通过对应的观测变量来描述潜变量, 结构模型利用外生潜变量来解释内生潜变量[ 14 ]。
${\eta }_{ikn}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{r}{\lambda }_{ikn}{x}_{irn}+ {\zeta }_{ikn}$
${y}_{itn}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{k}{\gamma }_{ikt}{\eta }_{ikn}+ {\xi }_{itn}$
式中, $i$ 为出行方式, $n$ 为出行者个数; ${\lambda }_{ikn},{\gamma }_{ikt}$ 为待估参数; ${\eta }_{ikn}$ 为内生潜变量; ${x}_{irn}$ 为外生潜变量; ${y}_{itn}$ 为潜变量对应的观测变量; $r$ 为显变量个数, $k$ 为潜变量个数, $t$ 为潜变量对应的观测变量个数; ${\zeta }_{ikn},{\xi }_{itn}$ 为潜变量与其对应的观测变量间的误差向量。
根据随机效用理论, 考虑到潜变量的影响从而对 Logit 模型的效用函数改进, 如式(3)所示。
${U}_{in}= {V}_{in}+ {\varepsilon }_{in}\\= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{l}{a}_{il}{s}_{iln}+ \mathop{\sum }\limits_{q}{b}_{iq}{h}_{iqn}+ \mathop{\sum }\limits_{f}{c}_{if}{w}_{ifn}+ \mathop{\sum }\limits_{g}{d}_{ig}{m}_{ign}+ {\varepsilon }_{in}$
式中, ${V}_{in}$ 为出行者 $n$ 选择方式 $i$ 的效用函数固定项; $l\text{、}q\text{、}f\text{、}g$ 分别为出行者的个人属性、出行特征属性、 建成环境、潜变量的个数; ${s}_{iln}$${h}_{iqn}$${w}_{ijn}$${m}_{ign}$ 分别为个人属性、出行特征属性、建成环境、潜变量对应的观测变量; ${a}_{il}$${b}_{iq}$${c}_{if}$${d}_{ig}$ 为待估参数; ${\varepsilon }_{in}$ 为随机误差项。
根据最大效用理论,当满足 ${U}_{in}> {U}_{jn}$$i \neq j$ 时,出行者出行选择第 $i$ 种方案。因此,在 SEM-Logit 整合模型中,出行者 $n$ 选择第 $i$ 种出行方案的概率 ${P}_{in}$ 为:
${P}_{in}= P\left\{{{U}_{in}> {U}_{jn}, i \neq j}\right\}$
假定效用函数中的随机误差项 ${\varepsilon }_{in}$ 服从 Gumbel 分布,则出行者 $n$ 选择第 $i$ 种出行方案的概率 ${P}_{in}$ 为:
${P}_{in}= \frac{\exp \left({V}_{in}\right)}{\sum \exp \left({V}_{in}\right)} $
建成环境数据主要通过高德地图识别, 出行数据的获取通过问卷调查。根据建立的指标体系从 3 个方面设计问卷, 包括: ①受访者的个人社会经济属性; ②受访者最近一次出行的出行特征属性和客观建成环境属性; ③受访者的轨道交通出行感知, 对应的观测变量均采用 Likert5 级量表法对 表 1 中的题项进行量化评价。在典型的河谷型城市兰州市发放问卷, 最终收集到有效问卷 746 份。受访者的个人社会经济属性信息描述统计见 表 2 ,问卷调查数据样本包括不同社会属性类别的出行者, 保证了样本的全面性和代表性。
结构方程模型的指标检验如 表 3 所示。通过 SPSS 软件对指标进行信效度检验, 各构面的 Cronbach’s alpha 均>0.7, KMO(Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin)值为 0.886>0.7, Bartlett 球形度检验值 <0.001 , 说明数据质量可靠 [ 15 ] 。 由于河谷型城市轨道交通出行感知属性缺少标准的测量指标, 对选取的指标进行因子分析, 指标的累积方差解释率达到 71.371%,大于 40% [ 16 ] 。组合信度(composite reliability, CR)是对潜在变量内部一致性的估计, CR 值越高表明该变量相关指标之间的相关性越强。平均方差抽取值(average variance extracted, AVE)反映了观察指标对潜在变量的解释能力。各潜变量的组合信度 $\mathrm{{CR}}$ 值均大于 0.7, AVE 均大于 0.4,说明 表 2 所提出的理论框架度量指标具有较好的信度和效度 [ 17 ]
通过 Amos 软件拟合 SEM 并对模型进行适配度检验, 标准残差均方根 SRMR 为 0.024, 拟合优度指数 GFI 为 0.923 , 比较拟合指数 CFI 为 0.975 , 规范拟合指数 NFI 为 0.941, Tucker-Lewis 指数 TLI 为 0.963, 卡方自由度比 CMIN/DF 为 1.675 , 近似误差均方根 RMSEA 为 0.048 , 表明模型整体适配度较好, 可用于后续分析[ 18 ]。 由 表 4 可知, 河谷型城市出行者的舒适性感知(0.584)、 空间感知(0.534)、便捷性感知(0.447)、安全性感知 (0.346)和经济性感知(0.313)对轨道交通出行意向均有显著影响。
表 4图 4 中的路径系数可知, 在河谷型城市出行者特殊的空间感知方面,出行无需不必要绕行(0.870)、 不受河谷型城市域内河流影响(0.858)、不受蜂腰堵塞影响(0.699)、城市组团间出行更方便(0.697)和不受道路坡度影响(0.672)这 5 个方面对河谷型城市出行者的出行空间感知均有显著影响,并且影响程度依次降低。 根据模型结果对路径系数做标准化处理并计算各潜变量的适配值 [ 19 ]
将结构方程模型中标定的轨道交通出行感知潜变量适配值与出行者的社会经济属性、出行特征属性、 建成环境一同纳入 SEM-Logit 模型中分析各方面属性对出行方式选择的影响, 选择枝包括轨道交通出行和非轨道交通出行。基于问卷数据和建成环境数据分别建立不考虑河谷型城市出行者感知的 Logit 模型和考虑出行感知的 SEM-Logit 模型, 通过 SPSS 软件对变量进行显著水平分析和效用函数的参数标定。
参数估计结果如 表 5 所示, SEM-Logit 整合模型似然比检验的显著值为 ${0.000}< {0.05}$ ,霍斯默莱梅肖 $\mathrm{H}- \mathrm{L}$ 检验值大于 0.05 , 模型的拟合优度为 0.801 , 预测准确率为 92.11%,说明模型拟合情况良好 [ 20 ] 。相较于不考虑出行感知的 Logit 模型, 负二倍的对数似然函数值 $- 2\mathrm{{LL}}\left(\beta \right)$ 减小了 264.425,拟合优度 Nagelkerke ${R}^{2}$ 提高 0.234, 预测准确率提高 7.75%, 说明考虑空感知的 SEM-Logit 整合模型比不考虑河谷型城市出行者出行空间感知的 Logit 模型更具解释力和预测力。
模型结果显示,年龄、职业、收入、有无私家车均显著影响轨道交通出行选择。
客观建成环境和主观建成环境感知方面的因素对轨道交通出行均有不同程度的影响。其中, 职住距离对轨道交通出行选择有显著的正相关关系。河谷型城市较高的职住分离度使得出行者的平均出行距离长, 路面交通面临的交通设施发展不足且不均衡、道路坡度大、组团交界处堵塞和存在不必要绕行等问题的风险更大, 出行者偏向选择轨道交通出行。出发地土地混合利用度越低, 出行者感知到附近的设施无法满足日常的需求, 就会产生长距离甚至跨组团出行, 因此更愿意选择轨道交通出行。起讫点至轨道交通站点距离越远, 出行者越不选择轨道交通出行。相对于平原城市的出行者, 河谷型城市的出行者受道路坡度和过河绕行等影响, 步行到车站会产生更多的体力消耗, 阻碍出行者选择轨道交通出行。较低的目的地停车位可用性将会促进出行者选择轨道交通出行。河谷型城市的道路资源有限, 停车位数量相对更少, 目的地无可用停车位的风险将大幅度降低驾车出行的意愿。
出行者对轨道交通服务水平感知满意与选择轨道交通出行呈正相关关系。轨道交通出行空间感知的提升会促进出行者选择轨道交通出行。相较于轨道交通, 路面交通易受道路坡度大、组团交界处堵塞、单行道和过河绕行等问题的影响, 可能会进一步导致换乘次数和出行距离增加。当河谷型城市出行者的空间感知提高时, 出行者对道路交通出行的风险感知也会增加, 会更倾向选择轨道交通出行。因此, 协同提升出行者的轨道交通服务环境感知和出行空间感知是促进河谷型城市出行者选择轨道交通出行的有效途径。
河谷型城市轨道交通出行方式选择模型的效用函数如式(6)所示。
$\operatorname{Ln}\left(\frac{{P}_{i}}{1 -{P}_{i}}\right)= \begin{array}{l}- {13.516}- {0.022age}+ {0.816occ}- {0.752inc}+ \\{0.132ord}+ {0.337car}+ {0.267aim}+ {0.158dep}+ \end{array}\\\text{0.084 dis-0.198 tra-0.132 sta + 0.487 npl -}\\\text{0.031 lum + 0.132 sec + 1.482 con + 1.613 eco +}\\\text{1.060 com + 2.058 spa}$
式中, ${P}_{i}$ 为第 $i$ 个出行者选择轨道交通出行的概率。
本文构建了考虑河谷型城市出行者空间感知的 SEM-Logit 模型, 明确了影响河谷型城市居民出行方式选择的因素,并得出如下结论。
1) 相较于不考虑出行感知的 Logit 模型, 考虑空感知的 SEM-Logit 整合模型在对数据的解释力和预测力方面均有不同程度的提升,模型结果更具说服力。
2) 轨道交通出行的空间感知对轨道交通出行意向有显著的正向影响, 出行者对河谷型城市出行的空间感知越强, 选择轨道交通出行的意愿越高。5 个方面对河谷型城市出行者的轨道交通出行空间感知均有显著影响。
3) SEM-Logit 模型结果显示, 职住距离远、高峰期出行、目的地无可用停车位、出发地土地利用度低均会促进出行者选择轨道交通出行。相对同等规模的平原城市, 河谷型城市更远的职住距离、更长的高峰期、更紧缺的停车位、更低的土地混合利用度等地形空间条件更适合发展轨道交通。
加快组团内部土地混合的建设, 促进组团内职住平衡以提高轨道交通有优势的组团间出行的占比。合理规划较差的地形空间环境下轨道交通站点布局, 减少乘车前步行上坡或绕行对选择轨道交通出行的阻碍。同时可从潜变量对应的观测变量入手提升轨道交通出行的服务水平, 如提高轨道交通站点与其他方式的接驳水平以保障主轴轨道线路与组团内部行驶线路的衔接, 合理建设站点附近的步道、天桥、地下通道等设施。通过宣传在河谷型城市轨道交通出行相对于路面交通的优势, 例如受域内河流、道路坡度、绕行和组团间高峰堵塞的影响小以及组团间出行更方便等, 提升出行者的空间感知, 吸引路面交通的出行者。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(72361019)
  • 甘肃省重点研发项目(23YFGA0050)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.06.006
  • 接收时间:2023-12-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-20
  • 修回日期:2024-08-08
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(72361019)
甘肃省重点研发项目(23YFGA0050)
作者信息
    1 兰州交通大学 机电技术研究所 兰州 730070
    2 甘肃省物流及运输装备信息化工程技术研究中心 兰州 730070
    3 甘肃省物流与运输装备行业技术中心 兰州 730070
    4 兰州市轨道交通有限公司 兰州 730030
    5 兰州交通大学 电子与信息工程学院 兰州 730070

通讯作者:

齐金平,男,博士,副教授,从事轨道交通运输规划与管理研究,
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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