Article(id=1149742078298603809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149742076708962589, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693670400000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-03, revisedDate=1711468800000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049472640, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049472640, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049472640, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049472640, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149742076708962589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='143', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752049472262, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780124752, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157000959420354689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149742076708962589, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157000959420354690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149742076708962589, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=55, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149742078478958883, articleId=1149742078298603809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Dynamic Loads Distribution in Subgrade of Metro Depots, columnId=1152669335454658940, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Academic Discussion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The design standards for the roadbed structure of the metro depot have not been clearly defined in the Metro design specification (2013)," and the current practice of using the main line standard results in high and unreasonable costs. This study relies on the Zhengzhou Metro Tieluxi Depot project to conduct a numerical simulation analysis of dynamic loads under different subgrade structures and to study the variation law of the dynamic load distribution. The dynamic load generated by the ballastless track at the same train speed was smaller than that generated by the ballasted track. An increase in the thickness of the subgrade surface layer has a more substantial impact on reducing the dynamic load generated by the train operation. However, an excessively thick foundation increases roadbed stiffness, which is not conducive to stress dissipation. Hence, when the foundation thickness increases to a certain extent, the effect of reducing the dynamic loads gradually becomes less significant. The numerical simulation results show that the design scheme of the metro depot subgrade can appropriately adjust the parameters on the basis of "0.3 m+0.9 m" and "0.4 m+0.7 m", ensuring that the dynamic and static stress ratio of the subgrade is strictly less than 0.2, attaining the best level of safety and economy.

, correspAuthors=Yaqiong LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yaqiong LIU, Yunqi XIE, Lei REN, Xiaohua ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149742084954964427, articleId=1149742078298603809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=地铁车辆段路基对列车振动响应数值模拟分析, columnId=1152669335668568445, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=学术探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究车辆段不同轨道型式、不同基床结构下路基对列车的振动响应特性,依托郑州地铁铁炉西车辆段工程,开展不同路基结构条件下的动荷载数值模拟分析,研究路基动荷载分布随路基结构的变化规律。结果表明:无砟轨道在列车相同速度下产生的动荷载值小于有砟轨道;基床表层厚度增加对于减小列车行驶产生的动荷载效果更加明显,但过厚的基床会提高路基刚度,不利于应力消散,因此基床厚度加到一定程度后,减小动荷载的作用逐渐不明显。数值模拟结果表明:地铁车辆段路基基床表层、底层厚度设计方案可在“0.3m+0.9m”和“0.4m+0.7m”的基础上分区,合理制定,以基底动静应力比小于0.2为准,以期道床结构安全、经济、合理。

, correspAuthors=刘亚琼, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=9/c/tI8RwoZCECgRnhf1zw==, magXml=2ow9daC5w3XO2e1beeTlpg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=L5+1+wRloBUP2QLnOFWCWQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=I/lOPPwJHyuoTxb09vGO/Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘亚琼,女,博士研究生,正高级工程师,主要从事地铁土建设计、研究、管理工作,

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刘亚琼,女,博士研究生,正高级工程师,主要从事地铁土建设计、研究、管理工作,

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刘亚琼,女,博士研究生,正高级工程师,主要从事地铁土建设计、研究、管理工作,

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figureFileSmall=v8/2wmRUzdKE+nQI20FOYQ==, figureFileBig=4Auyzk4yYeh250Hgi0xRFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154000593547944862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742078298603809, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Simulation of working conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 路基结构(基床表层厚度+ 基床底层厚度)/m 轨道 形式 速度/ (km/h) 轴重/t
1 ${0.5} + {1.5}$ 有砟 ${10} \sim {80}$ 10
2 ${0.5} + {1.5}$ 无砟
3 ${0.3} \pm {0.9}$ 有砟
4 ${0.3} + {0.9}$ 无砟
5 ${0.4} \pm {0.7}$ 有砟
6 ${0.4} + {0.7}$ 无砟
), ArticleFig(id=1154000593615053728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742078298603809, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=模拟工况, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 路基结构(基床表层厚度+ 基床底层厚度)/m 轨道 形式 速度/ (km/h) 轴重/t
1 ${0.5} + {1.5}$ 有砟 ${10} \sim {80}$ 10
2 ${0.5} + {1.5}$ 无砟
3 ${0.3} \pm {0.9}$ 有砟
4 ${0.3} + {0.9}$ 无砟
5 ${0.4} \pm {0.7}$ 有砟
6 ${0.4} + {0.7}$ 无砟
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深度/m 2 km/h 10 km/h 20 km/h 30 km/h 40 km/h 50 km/h 60 km/h 70 km/h 80 km/h
0 38.71 38.71 38.71 40.65 40.65 42.59 42.59 44.53 44.53
0.3 28.35 28.35 28.35 29.77 29.77 31.19 34.03 35.45 35.45
0.6 21.01 21.01 21.01 22.62 24.23 24.23 25.84 27.45 29.06
0.9 14.74 14.74 16.49 16.49 18.24 19.99 21.74 23.49 25.24
1.2 9.48 9.48 11.11 12.74 16.00 17.63 17.63 19.26 20.89
1.5 6.13 7.75 9.37 10.99 12.61 14.23 15.85 17.47 19.09
1.8 3.68 5.33 6.98 8.63 10.28 13.58 15.23 16.88 18.53
2.1 3.52 3.52 5.16 6.80 8.44 10.08 11.72 15.00 16.64
), ArticleFig(id=1154000593787020196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742078298603809, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=修正后的动荷载峰值 Table 2 Corrected dynamic load peak kPa, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深度/m 2 km/h 10 km/h 20 km/h 30 km/h 40 km/h 50 km/h 60 km/h 70 km/h 80 km/h
0 38.71 38.71 38.71 40.65 40.65 42.59 42.59 44.53 44.53
0.3 28.35 28.35 28.35 29.77 29.77 31.19 34.03 35.45 35.45
0.6 21.01 21.01 21.01 22.62 24.23 24.23 25.84 27.45 29.06
0.9 14.74 14.74 16.49 16.49 18.24 19.99 21.74 23.49 25.24
1.2 9.48 9.48 11.11 12.74 16.00 17.63 17.63 19.26 20.89
1.5 6.13 7.75 9.37 10.99 12.61 14.23 15.85 17.47 19.09
1.8 3.68 5.33 6.98 8.63 10.28 13.58 15.23 16.88 18.53
2.1 3.52 3.52 5.16 6.80 8.44 10.08 11.72 15.00 16.64
), ArticleFig(id=1154000593862517670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742078298603809, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=The ratio of maximum dynamic and static stresses in the soil at the bottom of the bed for each working condition, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基床结构 厚度组合 0.3 m+0.9 m 0.4 m+0.7 m 0.5 m+1.5 m
轨道型式 有砟 无砟 有砟 无砟 有砟 无砟
最大动静 应力比 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.16 0.07 0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1154000593946403752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149742078298603809, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=各工况基床底部土的最大动静应力之比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基床结构 厚度组合 0.3 m+0.9 m 0.4 m+0.7 m 0.5 m+1.5 m
轨道型式 有砟 无砟 有砟 无砟 有砟 无砟
最大动静 应力比 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.16 0.07 0.06
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地铁车辆段路基对列车振动响应数值模拟分析
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刘亚琼 1 , 谢昀琦 2 , 任磊 1 , 赵晓华 3
都市快轨交通 | 学术探讨 2024,37(5): 55-60
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都市快轨交通 | 学术探讨 2024, 37(5): 55-60
地铁车辆段路基对列车振动响应数值模拟分析
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刘亚琼1 , 谢昀琦2, 任磊1, 赵晓华3
作者信息
  • 1 郑州地铁集团有限公司 郑州 450047
  • 2 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院 北京 100044
  • 3 北京城建设计发展集团有限公司 北京 100037
  • 刘亚琼,女,博士研究生,正高级工程师,主要从事地铁土建设计、研究、管理工作,

Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Dynamic Loads Distribution in Subgrade of Metro Depots
Yaqiong LIU1 , Yunqi XIE2, Lei REN1, Xiaohua ZHAO3
Affiliations
  • 1 Zhengzhou Metro Group Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou 450047
  • 2 School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044
  • 3 Beijing Urban Construction Design & Development Group Co., Ltd. Beijing 100037
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.009
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为研究车辆段不同轨道型式、不同基床结构下路基对列车的振动响应特性,依托郑州地铁铁炉西车辆段工程,开展不同路基结构条件下的动荷载数值模拟分析,研究路基动荷载分布随路基结构的变化规律。结果表明:无砟轨道在列车相同速度下产生的动荷载值小于有砟轨道;基床表层厚度增加对于减小列车行驶产生的动荷载效果更加明显,但过厚的基床会提高路基刚度,不利于应力消散,因此基床厚度加到一定程度后,减小动荷载的作用逐渐不明显。数值模拟结果表明:地铁车辆段路基基床表层、底层厚度设计方案可在“0.3m+0.9m”和“0.4m+0.7m”的基础上分区,合理制定,以基底动静应力比小于0.2为准,以期道床结构安全、经济、合理。

城市轨道交通  /  地铁车辆段  /  路基结构  /  动荷载分析  /  数值模拟

The design standards for the roadbed structure of the metro depot have not been clearly defined in the Metro design specification (2013)," and the current practice of using the main line standard results in high and unreasonable costs. This study relies on the Zhengzhou Metro Tieluxi Depot project to conduct a numerical simulation analysis of dynamic loads under different subgrade structures and to study the variation law of the dynamic load distribution. The dynamic load generated by the ballastless track at the same train speed was smaller than that generated by the ballasted track. An increase in the thickness of the subgrade surface layer has a more substantial impact on reducing the dynamic load generated by the train operation. However, an excessively thick foundation increases roadbed stiffness, which is not conducive to stress dissipation. Hence, when the foundation thickness increases to a certain extent, the effect of reducing the dynamic loads gradually becomes less significant. The numerical simulation results show that the design scheme of the metro depot subgrade can appropriately adjust the parameters on the basis of "0.3 m+0.9 m" and "0.4 m+0.7 m", ensuring that the dynamic and static stress ratio of the subgrade is strictly less than 0.2, attaining the best level of safety and economy.

urban rail transit  /  metro depot  /  subgrade structure  /  dynamic load analysis  /  numerical simulation
刘亚琼, 谢昀琦, 任磊, 赵晓华. 地铁车辆段路基对列车振动响应数值模拟分析. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (5) : 55 -60 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.009
Yaqiong LIU, Yunqi XIE, Lei REN, Xiaohua ZHAO. Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Dynamic Loads Distribution in Subgrade of Metro Depots[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (5) : 55 -60 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.009
地铁车辆段是大体量单位工程, 平均用地面积为 ${25}\sim {30}{\mathrm{{hm}}}^{2}$ 规模,设计标准对其造价影响较大,需要综合考量, 以期道床结构安全、经济、合理。目前车辆段设计中,对无砟轨道、有砟轨道的路基结构及地基处理一般采用正线设计标准 [ 1 ] ,既有研究表明,道床服役寿命主要取决于道砟质量、列车轴重、列车速度和线路累计通过总质量 [ 2 ] 。因此,根据车辆段的荷载特点、速度指标等对路基进行结构设计, 详实掌握列车动应力规律, 并以此进行路基结构、地基处理设计标准的优化,是设计必经之路。
在路基设计标准中, 主要考虑的因素是路基的变形 [ 3 ] ,为了确保路基长期稳定,避免产生危及正常运行的变形, 必须深入了解路基的动力特性, 这些特性可以作为指导基床结构设计的参考依据 [ 4 ] ,而对于路基结构来说,动应力响应监测是较为常用的研究手段 [ 5 ] 。 LEFEUVE 等 [ 6 ] 利用 Fourier 变换解析求解了二维平面内的波动方程, 研究低速、高速荷载作用下地表动力响应的空间分布。蒋建群等 [ 7 ] 用数值积分的方法分析移动集中荷载作用下弹性半空间内部的响应。为了获得与实际情况更为接近的轨道/路基动力仿真结果,董亮等 [ 8 ] 尝试采用动荷载模拟等方法进行数值分析。Ishikawa [ 9 ] 等进行了 $1 : 5$ 有砟轨道模型试验和室内单元循环剪切实验, 分别运用单点激振和移动轮载两种方式模拟列车荷载。试验结果表明, 移动轮载所造成的道砟塑性变形要远大于单点激振。通过比较, 循环剪切实验的结果更适用于移动轮载下道砟的动力响应。苏谦等 [ 10 ] 填筑 1 : 1 的高铁路基模型分析级配碎石厚度对路基动力响应的影响, 该试验将高铁列车的设计轴重换算为荷载幅值, 并通过疲劳试验机将动力荷载以正弦波的形式输出。
以上在数值计算理论和高铁方面的研究思路可供借鉴, 但目前缺乏针对地铁车辆段路基的实测动应力数据和基床结构等具体分析。为研究路基对列车振动的响应规律, 本文以郑州地铁铁炉西车辆段现场测试数据为基础,采用有限单元法,基于矩阵位移法建立求解,通过数值模拟分析研究车辆段路基动力响应的分布规律。
为确保结构安全、提高乘客舒适度、延长轨道与结构寿命,地铁轨道基床的设计必须进行振动计算。 在振动计算中应考虑不同的振型(如垂直振动型、水平振动型、摇摆振动型、扭转振动型或不同的组合振动型)。地铁动荷载周期性作用于轨道, 为按一定规律变化的谐和干扰力。列车在不平顺的轨道上行驶, 竖向激振荷载可用一个激振力函数来模拟, 列车振动荷载的主要频率由 3 部分组成 [ 11 ] : 低频范围,几乎全由车体对悬吊部分的相对运动所产生; 中频范围, 由于簧下轮对质量对于钢轨的回弹作用而产生;高频范围, 由于钢轨的运动受到轮轨接触面的抵抗所产生。在三维列车振动数值模拟计算中的移动列车荷载仍采用激励函数作为振动荷载, 但要考虑列车在空间位置的变化。按照夏禾 [ 12 ] 的方法,根据列车轨道模型计算出轨道结构在某个截面的动反力, 即列车作用在土体上的动荷载, 根据列车动载时程曲线计算出每个地面网格节点上的集中荷载, 并考虑为双线列车荷载。因此, 将其施加在半对称结构上是合理的, 动荷载大小则与线路平顺度、列车运行速度等有关。
本文以郑州地铁铁炉西车辆段现场为依托, 针对地铁车辆段不同的基床结构进行动应力实测研究。铁炉西车辆段南北宽约 ${300}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,占地约 ${30}{\mathrm{\;{hm}}}^{2}$ 。本车辆段试车线规划长度 ${1900}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,采用有砟轨道结构。基床表层厚度 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,基床底层厚度 ${0.9}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。基床底层和基床表层分别采用 B 组填料(中砂)和级配碎石作为填料。在路基施工阶段,分别在试车线 40 轴、50轴、 60 轴选择 3 个监测断面, 通过在路基内部埋设土压力盒,开展车辆段路基动应力监测。动荷载的监测采用双油腔结构形式的 WTBTY-300 型土压力传感器进行监测, 该传感器可以对列车动荷载引起的路基内部动态土压力进行测量。每个监测断面布置 8 个土压力盒, 基床表层上下方各设置 1 个测点, 基床底层内以纵向间距 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ 均匀布设,直至基床底层下边界,路基结构及测点布置见 图 1
本次采用有限元软件 Midas GTS NX 进行路基振动计算分析,目的是研究列车在不同轨道结构、不同路基厚度和不同时速运行情况下, 路基对列车振动的响应特性。将本工程定义为一个求解域, 然后将该求解集合通过一定的规则划分成若干小的元素, 同时保证划分的各个单元之间耦合。离散的每个单元经过理论计算求得该单元的位移、变形等, 通过基本力学方程和边界条件将离散的单元进行组装, 最终求解。根据车辆段线路路况, 按 图 2 进行模型建立。
地铁车辆段内一般为空车轴重,速度等级不大于 ${30}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ (试车线按正线标准设计),轨道形式主要有有砟轨道和无砟轨道 2 种。因此本文基于 2 种轨道形式和 3 种基床结构, 模拟 6 种路基情况, 在每种路基形式下模拟 8 种列车速度进行计算分析, 具体工况如 表 1 所示。基床底层和基床表层分别采用 $\mathrm{B}$ 组填料(中砂)和级配碎石。
本模型初始条件为路基填筑完成且自固结已经完成, 并且认为轨道状态良好。计算采用非线性时程分析, 将路基填方完成后的土体应力状态作为振动开始的初始应力场。
考虑列车移动过程中不同速度的振动叠加效应, 三维计算分析地层-结构模型如 图 3 所示。同时为了确保三维模型有足够的计算精度并保证计算效率, 尽可能选择结构型网格进行动力计算。模型尺寸为沿 $X$ 轴方向取 ${38.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,沿 $Y$ 轴方向 (列车前进方向) 取 ${40}\mathrm{\;m}$$Z$ 轴方向从路基向下 $5\mathrm{\;m}$
为了分析列车荷载随深度的衰减规律和随速度的变化规律, 不同路基深度和行车速度条件下动荷载实测峰值, 经过误差修正得到结果如 表 2 所示。
模型中, 地层采用实体单元模拟, 路基坡面等效为板单元, 轨道采用梁单元模拟。三维模型共划分 22933 个单元,18270 个节点。根据实测动荷载,考虑到列车的不同时速, 在模型中施加相应的动力荷载, 计算总持续时间 ${15}\mathrm{s}$ ,时间步骤 ${0.05}\mathrm{s}$ 。振动荷载的具体设置如 图 4 所示。
动力非线性计算采用隐式直接积分法, 刚度矩阵使用考虑质量和刚度影响的瑞丽阻尼。在路基面以及路基面下 ${0.3}\text{、}{0.6}\text{、}{0.9}\text{、}{1.2}\text{、}{1.5}\text{、}{1.8}$${2.1}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处测量其应力值, 量测点如 图 5 所示。
有限元计算得到的结果精度与单元划分时的方法、尺寸、形状、数量均有关系, 因而在进行有限元计算和数值模拟的过程中, 对单元网格的划分要尽可能的规则、协调, 同时网格划分的好坏也会极大影响模型的计算速度。
针对郑州地铁车辆段路基动荷载问题, 基于实测数据, 对数值模拟参数进行优化调整, 确保数值模拟结果能够有效反映动荷载变化规律 [ 1 ] 。以有砟轨道 $\left({{0.3}\mathrm{\;m}+ {0.9}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$ 、无砟轨道 $\left({{0.3}\mathrm{\;m}+ {0.9}\mathrm{\;m}}\right)$ 为例,数值模拟动荷载随深度的变化如 图 6 所示。
根据上述流程, 分别在不同轨道形式(即有砟轨道、无砟轨道)、不同路基基床结构厚度(即基床表层 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ +基床底层 ${0.9}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、基床表层 ${0.4}\mathrm{\;m}$ +基床底层 ${0.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、 基床表层 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ +基床底层 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ )不同列车速度下进行数值分析计算。
不同轨道、不同基床厚度路基内部动荷载和静荷载变化规律如 图 7 所示。
根据计算分析结果可知, 随着基床厚度的增加, 列车行驶产生的动荷载有明显的减少;其中从 “ ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}+$ ${0.9}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 和 “ ${0.4}\mathrm{\;m}+ {0.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 的对比中可以观察到,基床表层厚度增加对于列车行驶产生的动荷载减小效果更加明显。同时,通过对比 “ ${0.4}\mathrm{\;m}+ {0.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 和 “ ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}+$ ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 可以观察到,当基床厚度特别是基床表层厚度增加到一定程度后, 再继续增加基床厚度虽然也可以达到减小列车动应力的目的, 但是效果逐渐不明显, 因此可以推导出过度增加基床厚度可能会造成材料和工期的浪费。
当基床厚度过大且为无砟轨道后, 观测到无砟轨道 “ ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}+ {1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 的动荷载随着深度的变化发生了先在地上 ${0.3}\sim 0\mathrm{\;m}$ 增大后在地面以下减小的情况,而非如其他工况一样一直减小,同时在有砟轨道 “ ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}+ {1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 工况中发现了从地面以上 ${0.3}\sim 0\mathrm{\;m}$ 动荷载几乎无变化, 在地面以下再继续减小的情况。这种情况的产生是由于基床过厚之后, 整体刚度较之其他工况过高, 产生的变形较之其他工况大幅减小,反而造成了应力衰减较慢, 甚至出现了靠近轨道处动荷载增大的情况。
无砟轨道与有砟轨道在不同路基结构条件下,动荷载随速度的变化规律如 图 8 所示。由此可以看出, 无砟轨道在相同速度下产生的动荷载值有明显的减小, 这是因为无砟轨道由混凝土浇筑, 相较有砟轨道刚度更大, 整体稳定性更高, 产生的动荷载值相对更小。
由于车辆段列车速度较低, 动荷载并没有明显表现出随速度增加而增大的趋势。当基床表层较薄时, 随着列车行驶速度的增加, 产生的动荷载减少, 当基床表层较厚时, 列车行驶速度本身对于产生动荷载大小并无太大影响。
关于列车路基的设计方法, 现行规范中通常取土的动静应力比为 0.2 时的深度,作为基床的设计厚度。 整理各工况最大动荷载情况观察是否符合此标准, 具体如 图 5 所示。根据上述结果, 可得各工况基床底部土的最大动静应力之比如 表 3 所示。
根据 表 3 可以发现,“ ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}+ {0.9}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 组合中,有砟和无砟 2 种轨道基床底部土的最大动静应力比在 0.2 附近,但略大于 0.2 ;“ ${0.4}\mathrm{\;m}+ {0.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 组合中,有砟和无砟两种情况同样在 0.2 附近, 其结果略小于 0.2 ;“ ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}+ {1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 组合中,有砟和无砟两种情况都远小于 0.2。根据规范,“ ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}+ {0.9}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 和 “ ${0.4}\mathrm{\;m}+ {0.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 都有在 0.2 附近,前者略超过,后者略小于; 而 “ ${0.5}\mathrm{\;m}+$ ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ”则动静应力比过小,导致该方案耗材大、工期长而过于保守。
为研究地铁车辆段路基对列车的振动响应问题, 通过对郑州地铁铁炉西车辆段路基进行动荷载数值模拟计算分析,得到结论如下。
1) 随着基床厚度的增加, 列车行驶产生的动荷载有明显的减少, 但当基床厚度特别是基床表层厚度增加到一定程度后, 减小动荷载的效果反而不明显。地铁车辆段路基表层 ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、基床底层厚度 ${0.9}\mathrm{\;m}$ 可满足动应力要求, 不宜采用正线标准。
2) 无砟轨道的整体刚度大于有砟轨道, 故无砟轨道在相同速度下产生的动荷载值明显小于有砟轨道。 车辆段速度不大于 ${30}\mathrm{\;{km}}/\mathrm{h}$ ,无砟轨道基床表层、底层厚度用 “ ${0.4}\mathrm{\;m}+ {0.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 或 “ ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}+ {0.9}\mathrm{\;m}$ ”,并满足相应压实标准要求, 动静应力比约 0.2 , 即可满足动应力要求、结构合理。
3) 地铁车辆段路基基床表层和基床底层厚度设计方案可在 “ ${0.3}\mathrm{\;m}+ {0.9}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 和 “ ${0.4}\mathrm{\;m}+ {0.7}\mathrm{\;m}$ ” 的基础上分区合理制定, 根据规范基床厚度制定经验和广泛适用性, 推荐前者, 以基底动静应力比小于 0.2 为准, 以满足安全、经济、合理为原则。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(71771020)
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2024年第37卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.05.009
  • 接收时间:2023-09-03
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-03
  • 修回日期:2024-03-27
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国家自然科学基金项目(71771020)
作者信息
    1 郑州地铁集团有限公司 郑州 450047
    2 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院 北京 100044
    3 北京城建设计发展集团有限公司 北京 100037
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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