Article(id=1149745451282378758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149745442428203486, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701187200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-29, revisedDate=1710691200000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050276823, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050276823, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050276823, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050276823, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149745442428203486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='141', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050274711, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780137206, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001011664605316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149745442428203486, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001011664605317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149745442428203486, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=101, endPage=110, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149745451668254753, articleId=1149745451282378758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Analysis and Design of Track Panel Wells in Overlapping Subway Tunnels, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address these challenges, a pragmatic design approach for the subway track panel and the substantial opening in the panel significantly reduces plate stiffness. Under construction conditions, traditional twodimensional frame section calculations fail to meet design requirements and realworld conditions. Drawing from a specific case involving the design of a stacked subway track panel in the highwaterpressure fine particle strata east of Beijing, this paper introduces the project's envelope and main structural design concepts. It examines critical structural calculation issues, consolidates design insights, and outlines operational conditions. The study yields a practical design scheme, offering valuable insights for future subway track panel designs during construction processes.

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为选择地铁轨排井合理设计方案,解决设计过程中较大轨排洞口严重削弱板的刚度、施工工况下传统二维框架断面计算无法满足设计需求与实际情况的问题,基于北京地铁22号线管庄站——永顺站区间高水压细颗粒地层中叠摞地铁区间轨排井设计的具体案例,从工程围护、主体结构方案的设计思路等方面,分析结构计算重难点等关键问题,并建立二维、三维模型进行结构受力分析。总结设计经验与控制工况,得出合理的设计方案:针对富水地层较深叠摞轨排井,支护结构采用地连墙与内支撑,主体结构采用加大边梁结构体系抵抗水平荷载。研究成果对以后地铁建设过程中的轨排井设计可提供参考。

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李月阳,男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地铁工程结构设计、岩土工程数值分析等方面研究,

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李月阳,男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地铁工程结构设计、岩土工程数值分析等方面研究,

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地下水 层号 稳定水位 埋深/m 初见水位 埋深/m 含水层特征
潜水(一) 9.25 ~ 9.35 10.00~ 11.00 ${}_{1}$ 黏质粉土-砂质粉土、③ ${}_{2}$ 粉细砂、④细中砂、④ ${}_{4}$ 圆砾
承压水(二) 19.05 ~ 19.30 27.50 ~ 27.60 ⑥细中砂、⑥₁黏质粉土、 ⑥ 粉砂
承压水(三) 约 26.6 约 50.0 ⑧细中砂
), ArticleFig(id=1154040241951330313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149745451282378758, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=地下水情况, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地下水 层号 稳定水位 埋深/m 初见水位 埋深/m 含水层特征
潜水(一) 9.25 ~ 9.35 10.00~ 11.00 ${}_{1}$ 黏质粉土-砂质粉土、③ ${}_{2}$ 粉细砂、④细中砂、④ ${}_{4}$ 圆砾
承压水(二) 19.05 ~ 19.30 27.50 ~ 27.60 ⑥细中砂、⑥₁黏质粉土、 ⑥ 粉砂
承压水(三) 约 26.6 约 50.0 ⑧细中砂
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叠摞地铁区间轨排井设计方案研究
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李月阳 1, 2 , 杜玉峰 1, 2 , 刘飞 3 , 王伟锋 1, 2 , 李哲 3 , 靳天睿 3
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(4): 101-110
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(4): 101-110
叠摞地铁区间轨排井设计方案研究
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李月阳1, 2 , 杜玉峰1, 2, 刘飞3, 王伟锋1, 2, 李哲3, 靳天睿3
作者信息
  • 1 北京市轨道交通设计研究院有限公司 北京 100068
  • 2 北京市轨道交通工程技术研究中心 北京 100068
  • 3 北京建筑大学 土木与交通工程学院 北京 102612
  • 李月阳,男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地铁工程结构设计、岩土工程数值分析等方面研究,

Analysis and Design of Track Panel Wells in Overlapping Subway Tunnels
Yueyang LI1, 2 , Yufeng DU1, 2, Fei LIU3, Weifeng WANG1, 2, Zhe LI3, Tianrui JIN3
Affiliations
  • 1 Beijing Rail and Transit Design & Research Institute Beijing 100068
  • 2 Beijing Rail and Transit Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing 100068
  • 3 School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 102612
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.015
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为选择地铁轨排井合理设计方案,解决设计过程中较大轨排洞口严重削弱板的刚度、施工工况下传统二维框架断面计算无法满足设计需求与实际情况的问题,基于北京地铁22号线管庄站——永顺站区间高水压细颗粒地层中叠摞地铁区间轨排井设计的具体案例,从工程围护、主体结构方案的设计思路等方面,分析结构计算重难点等关键问题,并建立二维、三维模型进行结构受力分析。总结设计经验与控制工况,得出合理的设计方案:针对富水地层较深叠摞轨排井,支护结构采用地连墙与内支撑,主体结构采用加大边梁结构体系抵抗水平荷载。研究成果对以后地铁建设过程中的轨排井设计可提供参考。

城市轨道交通  /  高水压细颗粒地层  /  叠摞地铁区间  /  轨排井设计  /  结构方案

To address these challenges, a pragmatic design approach for the subway track panel and the substantial opening in the panel significantly reduces plate stiffness. Under construction conditions, traditional twodimensional frame section calculations fail to meet design requirements and realworld conditions. Drawing from a specific case involving the design of a stacked subway track panel in the highwaterpressure fine particle strata east of Beijing, this paper introduces the project's envelope and main structural design concepts. It examines critical structural calculation issues, consolidates design insights, and outlines operational conditions. The study yields a practical design scheme, offering valuable insights for future subway track panel designs during construction processes.

urban rail transit  /  high water pressure fine particle stratum  /  overlapping subway tunnel  /  track panel well design  /  structural scheme
李月阳, 杜玉峰, 刘飞, 王伟锋, 李哲, 靳天睿. 叠摞地铁区间轨排井设计方案研究. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (4) : 101 -110 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.015
Yueyang LI, Yufeng DU, Fei LIU, Weifeng WANG, Zhe LI, Tianrui JIN. Analysis and Design of Track Panel Wells in Overlapping Subway Tunnels[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (4) : 101 -110 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.015
在城市轨道交通工程建设过程中, 轨道需通过轨排井由地面吊入地下结构内。为满足轨道吊装要求, 需在车站、隧道上方预留轨排洞口,左、右线各设一个, 洞口的中心线一般应与线路中心线对齐, 轨道施工完成后再封堵轨排孔。钢轨每节长度一般为 ${25}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 因此单个轨排洞口尺寸长约 ${28}\sim {30}\mathrm{\;m}$ (沿线路方向), 宽约 $5\mathrm{\;m}$ (垂直线路方向)。较大的轨排洞口会削弱板的刚度;同时,由于板刚度的削弱,会影响轨排井段基坑支护结构方案的选择。国内已有一些关于地铁轨排井工程实践与研究, 梁仕杰等 [ 1 ] 以实际项目为依托, 通过有限元分析对轨排井构件进行了优化设计; 侯尚骞 [ 2 ] 对地铁车站轨排井做法进行归纳总结,分析不同做法的特点并提供选择建议; 金思维 [ 3 ] 以徐州地铁 3 号线某车站轨排井结构方案为例, 选用双柱大开孔式轨排井设计方案,对其进行数值模拟分析; 欧阳伟强等[ 4 ] 从造价、结构受力、施工难度等方面进行分析, 提出一种新的结合盾构工作井设置轨排井方案;刘春杰[ 5 ] 分别采用二维计算和三维有限元分析对轨排井结构进行计算分析, 对轨排井结构内力进行对比, 对轨排井结构设计提出建议; 吴涛 [ 6 ] 通过建立三维有限元荷载- 结构模型, 分析结构受力特性, 得出地铁轨排井更合理的布设位置及结构型式; 贾兆平 [ 7 ] 以华东地区某车站为例, 对轨排阶段围护结构和主体结构进行设计分析; 孙璕等 [ 8 ] 结合苏州 4 号线某车站,分析了轨排孔设置对土建专业的要求, 对双柱车站轨排孔设置形式进行比选, 并通过三维建模计算分析其结构受力特点, 指出了结构设计的重点。以上研究均针对常规轨排井进行分析, 对于叠摞地铁轨排井目前研究较少。本文中的案例针对北京东部叠摞地铁区间轨排井进行了分析, 该案例有以下两个特点: 一是地下水位较高, 水压较大;二是由于轨排井为叠摞型式较罕见, 轨排井布置与结构设计方面也较有特色。
本文基于北京地铁 22 号线管庄站一永顺站区间设置轨排井的工程案例, 介绍了围护、主体结构方案的比选思路及结构设计要点、相关注意事项等关键问题, 为以后地铁建设中的轨排井设计提供参考。
北京地铁 22 号线管庄站一永顺站区间为叠摞明挖区间, 该区间功能较多: 施工期间作为轨排井; 区间兼做车站的活塞风井;同时为满足该线快慢车混跑功能于该区间设置越行线;此外该区间兼做远期联络线与盾构接收井。因此, 该段区间为地下 3 层结构, 地下 1 层为车站的活塞风井, 地下 2 层、地下 3 层为正线及远期线的轨行区; 线路型式为双层叠摞六条线。结构型式为地下三层四跨箱形结构,结构宽 ${29.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,长 ${51.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 标准段基坑深度 ${31.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,盾构井加深段基坑深度 ${33.0}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。 线路及结构平面见 图 1 , 典型横断面见 图 2
轨排井的设置要求:应在左、右线分别设置轨排下料口(双口), 以满足双线四个工作面双向同时铺轨施工要求; 单线轨排井下料口几何尺寸(沿左、右线路中心线轨行区方向): 长度≥28m,宽度≥5m; 下料口宜与线路中心线对齐, 以提高铺轨效率。因本区间设置越行线, 且区间地下 2 层、地下 3 层为叠摞轨行区, 因此正线、越行线均需设置轨排下料口,且需分别直通地下 2 层与地下 3 层; 其中越行线(右线)的轨道需首先通过正线(右线)吊入地下 3 层,然后通过道岔折返进行铺轨。
场地范围内土层划分为人工堆积层、第四纪沉积层两大类, 共划分为 9 个大层。
1) 人工填土层(第 1 大类)。包括黏质粉土素填土 ①层及杂填土① ${}_{1}$ 层。
2) 第四纪沉积层(第 2 大类)。人工填土层以下为第四纪沉积层, 其岩性主要以黏性土、粉土、砂土、 圆砾及卵石交互层为主。包括:粉质黏土-重粉质黏土 ③层,黏质粉土-砂质粉土③₁层,粉细砂③ ${}_{2}$ 层及黏土 ${\text{③}}_{3}$ 层;细中砂④层;圆砾④ ${4}_{4}$ 层;粉质黏土⑤层,黏质粉土-砂质粉土⑤₁层,粉砂⑤₂层,黏土-重粉质黏土⑤3 层,细中砂⑥层,黏质粉土⑥₁层,粉质黏土⑥。 层,粉砂 ${⑥}_{3}$ 层,粉质黏土⑦层,黏质粉土⑦1层,细砂 ${\text{⑦}}_{2}$ 层,黏土-重粉质黏土 ${\text{⑦}}_{3}$ 层,细中砂⑧层,粉质黏土⑨层,黏质粉土⑨1层,黏土⑨3层。
场地范围内存在 3 层地下水, 分别为: 潜水(一)、 承压水(二)、承压水(三),地下水情况如 表 1 所示。场地工程地质与水文地质剖面如 图 3 所示。
明挖区间轨排井设置在公园绿地内, 南侧邻近道路及地下过街通道, 北侧为乡村供水站, 西侧为暗挖区间,西侧有 ${3000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {2000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 雨水管与 $\mathrm{D}{1350}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 污水管, 环境风险源等级为一级, 管线年代久远, 对沉降变形要求高, 东侧为明挖渡线区, 于渡线区端头设置正线盾构接收井。
本区间轨排井基坑深度达 ${31.5}\sim {33.0}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,场地存在砂层、粉土等细颗粒, 地下水位较高, 区间南侧及西侧存在重大环境风险源, 若采用锚索, 需要道数及长度较长, 同时存在涌水、涌砂以及预应力损失等风险;另根据徐凌等 [ 9 ] 、祝建勋等 [ 10 ] 的研究成果,地连墙+钢支撑(墙撑)支护型式的控制变形效果更好,且不必提前在基坑外进行降水,施工安全有保障,工程质量更好, 在北京地铁地下水丰富地区具有明显的优越性。因此支护结构采用 “地连墙+内支撑” 方案。
根据工程地质剖面图, 基坑底为细中砂⑥层, 同时基底以下存在粉质黏土⑦层可作为有效隔水层,因此地连墙可插入隔水层, 采用 “落底式帷幕+坑内疏干”方式处理地下水。计算分析后,基坑支护结构方案如下:
1) 围护体系。采用 ${1000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 厚地连墙围护兼止水,采用工字钢接头。墙顶设置 ${1600}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {1000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 冠梁兼做压顶梁,地下连续墙标准段嵌固深度为 ${12}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 盾构井加深段嵌固深度 ${13}\mathrm{\;m}$
2) 支撑体系。基坑竖向设置 5 道支撑 +1 道换撑。 第 1 道采用 ${1000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {1000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 混凝土支撑(标准段间距 $9\mathrm{\;m}$ ),第 2 道采用 $\phi \dot{8}{00}\mathrm{\;{mm}}, t ={16}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 钢支撑(标准段间距 $3\mathrm{\;m}$ ),其余均采用 $\phi {{800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}}, t ={20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 钢支撑(标准段间距 $3\mathrm{\;m}$ );钢腰梁采用双拼 ${\mathrm{{I56}}}_{\mathrm{b}}$ 工字钢;设临时立柱,临时立柱采用 ${500}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {500}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 缀板式格构柱; 立柱底部采用 $\phi$ 1500 mm 钻孔灌注桩。
目前基坑已开挖完成, 现场实施过程监测结果反映,“地连墙+内支撑” 支护体系具有较大的刚度,支护结构自身及周边环境风险源变形均较小。支撑平面布置及剖面分别见 图 5 ~7
由于轨排井支护结构采用了支撑方案, 因而在拆撑回筑至轨排施工阶段, 需要依靠结构自身与地连墙共同抵抗侧向荷载。由于较大的轨排洞口严重削弱了顶板及中板刚度, 需对结构进行加强, 结构加强可分为 3 种方案。
通过加厚侧墙厚度, 简化为悬臂模型, 考虑侧墙及地连墙共同承担荷载。采用该种结构方案, 侧墙及底板均较厚,工程量较大。
通过建立扶壁柱或扶壁墙, 与侧墙、洞边梁、地连墙共同受力, 可以简化为井字梁或桁架模型。该种方案可优化侧墙尺寸,但扶壁柱或扶壁墙施工较繁琐, 且侵占净空, 需将扶壁结构在轨排完成后拆除或将限界加大(侧墙进行外扩)。
通过加大轨排洞口边梁的尺寸, 使边梁具有足够的承载力、刚度,与侧墙及地连墙共同抵抗侧向荷载。 传统二维模型无法分析, 因此需通过建立 “三维荷载结构模型”进行施工阶段分析, 该种结构方案优化了方案一的侧墙厚度, 简化了方案二的施工流程, 但需对结构侧墙进行外扩以满足洞边梁尺寸。
由于较大洞口对结构板刚度削弱的不利影响, 需与轨道专业配合, 尽量压缩轨排洞口。最终确定单个轨排孔尺寸为 ${28}\mathrm{\;m}\times {3.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ (线路纵向 $\times$ 线路横向),且保证轨排洞口位于区间线路正上方。
图 2 所示, 由于地下 2 层、地下 3 层为叠摞轨行区, 有一处轨排洞口需 3 层板上开洞, 使轨道可直达地下 3 层。对比分析后, 将该洞口置于中跨, 即保留较宽 “板带” 作为 “大边梁” 抵抗侧向力;另一个需在两层板上开洞的洞口置于边跨, 尽量改善结构受力,优化构件尺寸,降低施工风险。
此外, 由于为叠摞区间, 地下 2 层底板为行车板。 根据《混凝土结构设计规范》要求: 直接承受动力荷载的板,同一连接区段内纵向受力钢筋接头面积百分率不应大于 50%,结构构件(板、梁)中的钢筋应按规范要求预留: 钢筋接头错开 ${35d}$ ,并预留 I 级钢筋接驳器。因此, 地下 2 层底板轨排洞口的尺寸需考虑甩筋影响, 适当扩大轨排洞口宽度(轨排井需要的净宽+35d)。
1)永久使用阶段,主体结构墙、板计算按照平面应变假设, 采用二维荷载-结构模型进行内力分析; 地下一层梁、柱体系采用纵梁-中柱框架模型进行分析; 地下二层行车板采用容许应力法进行设计。
2) 支护结构与主体侧墙之间宜按复合结构设计。 在使用阶段, 主体结构计算应考虑支护结构的作用, 水压力应作用在主体结构上, 土压力应由支护和主体结构共同承担, 并应考虑侧墙承受最大、最小侧压力两种荷载组合, 支护结构应按 100%和 50%的刚度做包络设计。
3) 轨排施工阶段, 采用三维荷载-结构模型对结构进行施工阶段分析。
4) 地震工况, 采用二维反应位移法进行分析。
5) 人防工况, 根据以往经验一般不控制。
永久阶段轨排施工完毕, 轨排孔已封闭。该种工况与传统地下结构计算无较大差异: 应进行常水位、 抗浮水位包络设计;考虑支护结构 100%与 50%刚度包络设计;荷载组合分为基本组合与标准组合。
模型采用二维荷载结构法进行分析, 板、墙采用一维梁单元进行模拟, 土体采用仅受压弹簧单元, 围护结构与主体结构的连接为弹性连接。竖向土弹簧固定竖向位移, 水平土弹簧固定水平位移, 土弹簧刚度采用详勘报告提供的基床系数, 弹性连接的刚度采用混凝土的弹性模量。
限于篇幅, 不再罗列每种工况结果, 部分工况计算结果如 图 8 ~ 图 10 所示,分析后可知,配筋由标准组合下的裂缝验算为控制工况, 顶板配筋由常水位控制, 底板配筋由抗浮水位控制, 侧墙配筋由三维施工阶段开洞模型进行包络验算。
通过建立轨排施工阶段三维荷载-结构分析模型, 主要目的是为保证楼板轨排开洞后侧墙受力安全, 见 图 11 。顶板与地下 1 层轨排洞口 ${28}\mathrm{\;m}\times {3.5}\mathrm{\;m}\left({2\text{个}}\right)$ , 地下 2 层轨排洞口 ${28}\mathrm{\;m}\times {5.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ ;水、土压力荷载及地面超载等荷载为常规计算,此处不再赘述;板、墙采用二维板单元进行模拟, 底部及侧向边界采用仅受压弹簧模拟,侧向弹簧刚度 $3 \times {10}^{4}\mathrm{{kN}}/\mathrm{m}$ ,底部弹簧刚度 ${3.8}\times {10}^{4}\mathrm{{kN}}/\mathrm{m}$
通过三维模型的分析结果, 对结构侧墙及洞边梁进行截面、配筋设计,同时与二维模型进行包络设计,需满足承载力、裂缝、挠度等要求。三维分析结果如 图 12 ~ 图 14 所示, 由图可知, 轨排孔开洞大大增加了侧墙的弯矩, 结构侧墙大部分配筋由施工阶段分析控制。
通过建立二维反应位移法模型对结构进行抗震动力分析, 限于篇幅, 此处仅列出 E2(设防地震)工况下计算结果,如 图 15 ~ 图 17 所示。根据动力分析结果进行中柱截面及配筋设计以满足抗震轴压比要求; E2(设防地震)、E3(罕遇地震)工况下的层间位移角验算后可满足规范要求。
经过前文的分析进行结构构件截面与配筋设计, 结构型式为三层四跨箱形结构,外包尺寸为 ${51.5}\mathrm{\;m}\times {29.5}\mathrm{\;m}\times$ 27.74m(长×宽×高)。
结构构件采用 C40 钢筋混凝土, 构件尺寸为顶板厚 ${800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,中板厚 ${500}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ (行车板厚 ${800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ),底板厚 ${1300}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,侧墙厚 ${800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}/{1000}\mathrm{\;{mm}}/{1300}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ (地下 1 层/地下 2 层/地下 3 层)。
主体结构顶板平面、典型纵断面与横断面分别如 图 18 ~ 图 20 所示。
该叠摞地铁区间轨排井主体结构已于 2023 年顺利施工完成, 两年后将交付铺轨单位使用, 届时将经受高水压、大跨度、周边环境风险源复杂且变形要求高等多重考验。通过总结该轨排井的 “支护+主体结构”方案比选、设计与实施过程,得出以下结论。
1) 轨排井基坑支护结构方案选择需要结合地层、 水位、周边环境、基坑深度等因素综合考虑。富水细颗粒地层中, 由于锚索锚固体抗拔力难保证, 当基坑深度较大,较长时间使用时(如结构封顶至铺轨的 $2 \sim$ 3 年), 锚索存在预应力损失风险。此外, 施工过程中, 锚索需打穿地连墙, 处理不当易引起涌水、涌砂甚至结构抗浮等问题, 深基坑支护结构一旦出问题, 代价极大。因此, 该种情况建议支护结构采用 “地连墙+ 内支撑方案”。
2) 支护结构选择支撑方案后, 拆撑回筑直至铺轨完成, 需依靠主体结构自身与地连墙共同抵抗外部水、 土压力,因此需对结构自身进行加强处理。
3) 因轨排洞口尺寸较大严重影响结构受力, 过程中应与轨道专业配合, 尽最大努力压缩轨排孔尺寸, 改善结构受力,减小构件尺寸,降低风险。
4) 对于叠摞区间, 行车板需按照容许应力法进行设计, 同时由于该板直接承受动力荷载, 同一连接区段内纵向受力钢筋接头面积百分率不应大于 50%,因此该层板应考虑洞口甩筋影响, 适当扩大洞口尺寸, 以满足轨排孔净空要求。
5) 对于轨排开洞施工工况, 传统的二维断面计算无法满足要求, 需建立三维荷载-结构模型进行结构受力分析, 满足承载力、裂缝、挠度等要求。考虑结构施工完成至铺轨施工还有一段时间, 可在轨排洞口中跨设置临时混凝土支撑, 减小边梁跨度, 改善结构受力,铺轨施工时拆除临时支撑。
6) 对于洞边梁的验算, 传统算法是考虑边梁承担上、下半层侧墙范围内的全部侧向水、土压力, 对于深基坑、高水压地层, 边梁往往截面尺寸过大。传统算法是较保守的算法, 因为该阶段是由地连墙、主体结构侧墙、洞口边梁三者共同变形受力, 边梁承受部分荷载。因此可采用三维计算模型中的内力对边梁进行截面及配筋设计。
7) 区间结构设计过程中, 一般由标准组合进行控制;常水位控制顶板, 抗浮水位控制底板;侧墙由三维施工阶段控制; 中柱由抗震轴压比控制。
本文轨排井案例由于叠摞布置基坑较深, 且地下水位较高, 地层较差, 因此给结构设计造成了一定困难, 笔者曾针对北京新线轨排井的案例做过大量调研, 文中的围护、主体结构设计方案保证安全性的同时, 重视经济性, 符合目前 “降本增效” 趋势, 可为未来地铁轨排井的设计提供宝贵经验。
  • 北京市教委科技项目(KM201810016005)
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2024年第37卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.04.015
  • 接收时间:2023-11-29
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-29
  • 修回日期:2024-03-18
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北京市教委科技项目(KM201810016005)
作者信息
    1 北京市轨道交通设计研究院有限公司 北京 100068
    2 北京市轨道交通工程技术研究中心 北京 100068
    3 北京建筑大学 土木与交通工程学院 北京 102612
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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