Article(id=1149744609657537247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.03.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1703692800000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-28, revisedDate=1710432000000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050076163, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050076163, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050076163, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050076163, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149744594201523010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='177', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050072478, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780147518, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001054903685255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001054903685256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744594201523010, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=11, endPage=22, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149744609892418277, articleId=1149744609657537247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Development and Applicability Analysis of Medium- and Low-Volume Rail Transit Systems Worldwide, columnId=1152669340382966151, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Forum of Rapid Rail Transit, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Mediumand lowvolume rail transit, as a supplement to metro networks in super or mega megacities and as the backbone of large and mediumsized cities, is essential for solving urban traffic problems. Based on a survey of more than 2600 mediumand lowvolume rail transit operation lines in 496 cities in 65 countries, a database of mediumand lowvolume rail transit lines worldwide was constructed. Based on this database, 9 types of mediumand lowvolume rail transit systems (gear rail, tram, suspended monorail, automated people mover systems (APM), straddle monorails, linear motor systems, mediumand lowspeed maglev, electronic guidance rubbertired system, and beamguiding rubbertired system) have been obtained worldwide, with a total length of 18 744.84 km. And statistics were conducted on the distribution of mediumand lowvolume rail transit in various continents and countries. The results showed that it is mainly distributed in 32 countries in Europe, including Germany and Russia, with a total length of 13 256.0 km, accounting for 70.7%. Statistics show that the distribution of various rail transit systems in different countries/cities, with different urban characteristics and functional positioning of different lines shows that mediumand lowvolume rail transit systems mainly serve cities with a population of less than 3 million. 76.25% of tram lines, 47.82% of straddle monorail lines, and 42.11% of linear motor system lines are backbone lines, 84.62% of gear rail lines are tourist lines, and 70.73% of APM lines are airport dedicated lines. Additionally, the origin and development of each system are summarized, and the technical characteristics, parameters, and applicability of each system are analyzed. The results provide a reference for the selection of urban medium and lowvolume rail transit systems in China.
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中低运量轨道交通作为超大或特大城市地铁网络的加密和补充、大城市乃至中等城市的骨干线路,在解决城市交通问题方面发挥着重要作用。在对 65个国家 496 座城市的2600余条中低运量轨道交通运营线路调研的基础上,构建世界中低运量轨道交通线路数据库。基于该数据库,得到世界范围内运营的齿轨、有轨电车、悬挂式单轨、自动旅客捷运系统(automated people mover system,APM)、跨座式单轨、直线电机系统、中低速磁浮、电子导向胶轮系统和导轨式胶轮系统9种中低运量轨道交通制式,线路里程共18744.84 km;并统计中低运量轨道交通在各大洲、各国家的分布情况,结果显示其主要分布在欧洲的德国、俄罗斯等32个国家,线路里程达13 256.0 km,占比70.7%;统计各制式在不同国家/城市、不同城市特征、不同线路功能定位的分布情况,结果显示,中低运量轨道交通制式主要服务于人口小于300万的城市,76.25%的有轨电车线路、47.82%的跨座式单轨线路和42.11%的直线电机系统线路作为骨干线,84.62%的齿轨线路作为旅游线,70.73%的APM线路作为机场专线。同时,梳理总结各制式的起源与发展,并对技术特点和参数、适用性进行分析。研究成果以期为我国城市中低运量轨道交通制式的选择提供参考。
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1 School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044
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1 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院 北京 100044
2 北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司 北京 100037, bio={"content":"
贺鹏,男,教授级高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通线网规划研究和总体设计工作,512235513@qq.com
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贺鹏,男,教授级高级工程师,从事城市轨道交通线网规划研究和总体设计工作,512235513@qq.com
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Standard development axis of worldwide medium- and low-volume rail transit, figureFileSmall=HbmatvkKGi9dAWkEP3H4rA==, figureFileBig=RePHjhbgZ3ng6pvqOe8r6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285123302041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=
世界中低运量轨道交通制式发展轴, figureFileSmall=HbmatvkKGi9dAWkEP3H4rA==, figureFileBig=RePHjhbgZ3ng6pvqOe8r6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285190410906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Top 10 cities in the world for all types of standard operating miles, figureFileSmall=5CF2mkWTTwKB6S9M08n6Tg==, figureFileBig=Z+MnLNcLCEEDDZC54SrxOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285253325467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=
世界范围内各类制式运营里程排名前十的城市, figureFileSmall=5CF2mkWTTwKB6S9M08n6Tg==, figureFileBig=Z+MnLNcLCEEDDZC54SrxOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285328822940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Mount Washington toothed railroad opened in 1869, figureFileSmall=T1XquF5Z8rAyWbTWcO/7AA==, figureFileBig=6B67Jw0UiI72EoloyNELAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285379154589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=
1869 年开通的华盛顿山齿轨铁路, figureFileSmall=T1XquF5Z8rAyWbTWcO/7AA==, figureFileBig=6B67Jw0UiI72EoloyNELAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285450457758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=
First tram system opened in Berlin, Germany, in 1881, figureFileSmall=fONxWBlMMh2edNSKAJMf5w==, figureFileBig=XNO/kbqjwkQf043pdbdvVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285504983711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=
1881 年德国柏林开通的第一个有轨电车系统, figureFileSmall=fONxWBlMMh2edNSKAJMf5w==, figureFileBig=XNO/kbqjwkQf043pdbdvVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285567898272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Upatar suspension monorail, figureFileSmall=m6xFr5AlCXuD/EnpC5i26g==, figureFileBig=StzoFSy4ZUGH8OZyTJrxzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285643395745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=
乌帕塔尔悬挂式单轨, figureFileSmall=m6xFr5AlCXuD/EnpC5i26g==, figureFileBig=StzoFSy4ZUGH8OZyTJrxzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285710504610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=
APM system at Tampa International Airport, figureFileSmall=rihUQVzdWFZUT27sGSH92g==, figureFileBig=fdhWDJm/wsszlOJVLLXk1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285752447651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=
坦帕国际机场的 APM 系统, figureFileSmall=rihUQVzdWFZUT27sGSH92g==, figureFileBig=fdhWDJm/wsszlOJVLLXk1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285806973604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=
Mark V train at Disneyland in Anaheim, figureFileSmall=kIEDwNm6uQdtT8fNETUZRw==, figureFileBig=qhlrJbjehdRR+pm/kwi2Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285941191333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=
安纳海姆迪士尼乐园的 Mark V 型列车, figureFileSmall=kIEDwNm6uQdtT8fNETUZRw==, figureFileBig=qhlrJbjehdRR+pm/kwi2Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040285991522982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=
Toronto Scarborough Line 3 opened in 1985, figureFileSmall=vFxU/y5CVXGk9b7HJ2wX2w==, figureFileBig=u2fEr75Sg3ai2nBKocr25Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040286037660327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=图 8, caption=
1985 年开通的多伦多士嘉堡 3 号线, figureFileSmall=vFxU/y5CVXGk9b7HJ2wX2w==, figureFileBig=u2fEr75Sg3ai2nBKocr25Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040286104769192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=
Nagoya Eastern Hill line, figureFileSmall=UqqrKEHlc4nx5gfXfklKlA==, figureFileBig=/jFjQ5LdhBcFjsO2HfTVMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040286163489449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=图 9, caption=
名古屋东部丘陵线, figureFileSmall=UqqrKEHlc4nx5gfXfklKlA==, figureFileBig=/jFjQ5LdhBcFjsO2HfTVMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040286218015402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=
Train of electronic guidance rubber-tired system and its “virtual track”, figureFileSmall=e/FLfgEMY9qC0KY2COkGWw==, figureFileBig=Tj+3JuZHetKr6DtRp/otnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040286280929963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=图 10, caption=
电子导向胶轮系统列车及其 “虚拟轨道”, figureFileSmall=e/FLfgEMY9qC0KY2COkGWw==, figureFileBig=Tj+3JuZHetKr6DtRp/otnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040286360621740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Figure 11, caption=
Schematic of the lightweight design train and track beams of the beam-guiding rubber-tired system, figureFileSmall=QOHt517qosx/SrmmFRTarA==, figureFileBig=MFrghujld6zD+VRJlWfiOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040286427730605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=图 11, caption=
导轨式胶轮系统轻量化设计列车及其轨道梁示意, figureFileSmall=QOHt517qosx/SrmmFRTarA==, figureFileBig=MFrghujld6zD+VRJlWfiOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040286486450862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Figure 12, caption=
Schematic of the walking device of the beam-guiding rubber-tired system, figureFileSmall=I9Uz3LFCiyDr8GYhlWx1xw==, figureFileBig=Um4JSNmHFzytvJQmbHXVEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040286574531247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=图 12, caption=
导轨式胶轮系统走行装置示意, figureFileSmall=I9Uz3LFCiyDr8GYhlWx1xw==, figureFileBig=Um4JSNmHFzytvJQmbHXVEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040286650028720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Distribution of medium- and low-volume urban rail transit by continent, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 大洲 | 运行国家/个 | 运行城市/座 | 运行里程/km | 里程占比/% |
| 欧洲 | 32 | 301 | 13 256.0 | 70.7 |
| 亚洲 | 16 | 108 | 2 442.44 | 13.0 |
| 北美洲 | 3 | 51 | 1980.0 | 10.6 |
| 南美洲 | 5 | 12 | 430.2 | 2.3 |
| 非洲 | 7 | 17 | 329.2 | 1.8 |
| 大洋洲 | 2 | 7 | 307.0 | 1.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154040286708748978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
各大洲中低运量城市轨道交通分布情况, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 大洲 | 运行国家/个 | 运行城市/座 | 运行里程/km | 里程占比/% |
| 欧洲 | 32 | 301 | 13 256.0 | 70.7 |
| 亚洲 | 16 | 108 | 2 442.44 | 13.0 |
| 北美洲 | 3 | 51 | 1980.0 | 10.6 |
| 南美洲 | 5 | 12 | 430.2 | 2.3 |
| 非洲 | 7 | 17 | 329.2 | 1.8 |
| 大洋洲 | 2 | 7 | 307.0 | 1.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154040286805217972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Operation scale of medium- and low-volume rail transit ranks among the top 16 countries, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 国家 | 运行城市/座 | 运行里程/km | 里程占比/% |
| 1 | 德国 | 37 | 3 590.2 | 19.2 |
| 2 | 俄罗斯 | 61 | 2325.7 | 12.4 |
| 3 | 美国 | 16 | 1 732.4 | 9.2 |
| 4 | 波兰 | 15 | 1057.4 | 5.6 |
| 5 | 乌克兰 | 19 | 1037.5 | 5.5 |
| 6 | 中国 | 27 | 836.1 | 4.5 |
| 7 | 法国 | 30 | 716.2 | 3.8 |
| 8 | 日本 | 27 | 504.8 | 2.7 |
| 9 | 罗马尼亚 | 11 | 432.7 | 2.3 |
| 10 | 捷克 | 7 | 410.1 | 2.2 |
| 11 | 意大利 | 13 | 391.6 | 2.1 |
| 12 | 瑞士 | 10 | 390.6 | 2.1 |
| 13 | 比利时 | 5 | 348.9 | 1.9 |
| 14 | 奥地利 | 5 | 338.2 | 1.8 |
| 15 | 英国 | 7 | 315.4 | 1.7 |
| 16 | 澳大利亚 | 4 | 305.5 | 1.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154040286859743925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
中低运量轨道交通运行规模排名前 16 国家, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 国家 | 运行城市/座 | 运行里程/km | 里程占比/% |
| 1 | 德国 | 37 | 3 590.2 | 19.2 |
| 2 | 俄罗斯 | 61 | 2325.7 | 12.4 |
| 3 | 美国 | 16 | 1 732.4 | 9.2 |
| 4 | 波兰 | 15 | 1057.4 | 5.6 |
| 5 | 乌克兰 | 19 | 1037.5 | 5.5 |
| 6 | 中国 | 27 | 836.1 | 4.5 |
| 7 | 法国 | 30 | 716.2 | 3.8 |
| 8 | 日本 | 27 | 504.8 | 2.7 |
| 9 | 罗马尼亚 | 11 | 432.7 | 2.3 |
| 10 | 捷克 | 7 | 410.1 | 2.2 |
| 11 | 意大利 | 13 | 391.6 | 2.1 |
| 12 | 瑞士 | 10 | 390.6 | 2.1 |
| 13 | 比利时 | 5 | 348.9 | 1.9 |
| 14 | 奥地利 | 5 | 338.2 | 1.8 |
| 15 | 英国 | 7 | 315.4 | 1.7 |
| 16 | 澳大利亚 | 4 | 305.5 | 1.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154040286947824310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Each system in the global range of line mileage and proportion, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1154040286993961655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=
各制式在世界范围内线路里程及占比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1154040287090430648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
All systems in the world are located according to urban population, area, terrain characteristics, and different line functions (According to the number of lines)%, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 分类指标 | 分类标准 | 齿轨 | 有轨 电车 | 悬挂式 单轨 | APM | 跨座式 单轨 | 直线 电机系统 | 中低速 磁浮 | 电子导向 胶轮系统 | 导轨式 胶轮系统 |
| 城区人口 | <50 万 | 43.59 | 39.75 | 16.67 | 20.00 | 17.39 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 50 万~100 万 | 20.51 | 15.90 | 83.33 | 10.00 | 17.39 | 15.78 | 16.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 100 万 ~300 万 | 17.95 | 18.83 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 17.39 | 26.32 | 33.32 | 37.50 | 0.00 |
| 300 万~500 万 | 5.13 | 7.53 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 8.70 | 10.53 | 16.67 | 25.00 | 0.00 |
| 500 万 ~1 000 万 | 2.56 | 10.04 | 0.00 | 23.33 | 13.04 | 21.05 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 33.33 |
1 000 万 | 10.26 | 7.95 | 0.00 | 13.33 | 26.09 | 26.32 | 16.67 | 12.50 | 66.67 |
| 合计 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 城市面积 | $< {500}{\mathrm{\;{km}}}^{2}$ | 48.73 | 55.75 | 100.00 | 47.82 | 34.78 | 47.37 | 50.00 | 12.50 | 0.00 |
| ${500} \sim {1000}{\mathrm{\;{km}}}^{2}$ | 7.69 | 9.29 | 0.00 | 26.09 | 21.74 | 26.32 | 0.00 | 37.50 | 0.00 |
| ${1000} \sim {2000}{\mathrm{\;{km}}}^{2}$ | 2.56 | 16.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 21.74 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 12.50 | 33.34 |
| ${2000} \sim {5000}{\mathrm{\;{km}}}^{2}$ | 15.38 | 11.95 | 0.00 | 21.74 | 13.04 | 21.05 | 0.00 | 12.50 | 33.33 |
| $> {5000}{\mathrm{\;{km}}}^{2}$ | 25.64 | 6.64 | 0.00 | 4.35 | 8.70 | 5.26 | 16.67 | 25.00 | 33.33 |
| 合计 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 城市地形 特征 | 山地 | 66.67 | 15.91 | 20.00 | 80.00 | 17.39 | 26.32 | 16.67 | 12.50 | 33.34 |
| 丘陵 | 12.82 | 9.62 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 26.09 | 26.32 | 66.66 | 37.50 | 33.33 |
| 盆地 | 0.00 | 4.60 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 8.70 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 平原 | 20.51 | 69.87 | 80.00 | 0.00 | 47.82 | 47.36 | 16.67 | 50.00 | 33.33 |
| 合计 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 线路功能 定位 | 补充和延伸线 | 5.13 | 22.50 | 14.29 | 17.07 | 4.35 | 31.57 | 16.67 | 50.00 | 100.00 |
| 骨干线 | 10.25 | 76.25 | 57.13 | 10.98 | 47.82 | 42.11 | 16.67 | 50.00 | 0.00 |
| 机场专线 | 0.00 | 0.42 | 14.29 | 70.73 | 4.35 | 10.53 | 33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 旅游线路 | 84.62 | 0.83 | 14.29 | 1.22 | 43.48 | 15.79 | 33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 合计 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154040287149150905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=
世界范围内各制式按照城区人口、面积、地形特征、不同线路功能定位统计(按线路条数统计), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 分类指标 | 分类标准 | 齿轨 | 有轨 电车 | 悬挂式 单轨 | APM | 跨座式 单轨 | 直线 电机系统 | 中低速 磁浮 | 电子导向 胶轮系统 | 导轨式 胶轮系统 |
| 城区人口 | <50 万 | 43.59 | 39.75 | 16.67 | 20.00 | 17.39 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 50 万~100 万 | 20.51 | 15.90 | 83.33 | 10.00 | 17.39 | 15.78 | 16.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 100 万 ~300 万 | 17.95 | 18.83 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 17.39 | 26.32 | 33.32 | 37.50 | 0.00 |
| 300 万~500 万 | 5.13 | 7.53 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 8.70 | 10.53 | 16.67 | 25.00 | 0.00 |
| 500 万 ~1 000 万 | 2.56 | 10.04 | 0.00 | 23.33 | 13.04 | 21.05 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 33.33 |
1 000 万 | 10.26 | 7.95 | 0.00 | 13.33 | 26.09 | 26.32 | 16.67 | 12.50 | 66.67 |
| 合计 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 城市面积 | $< {500}{\mathrm{\;{km}}}^{2}$ | 48.73 | 55.75 | 100.00 | 47.82 | 34.78 | 47.37 | 50.00 | 12.50 | 0.00 |
| ${500} \sim {1000}{\mathrm{\;{km}}}^{2}$ | 7.69 | 9.29 | 0.00 | 26.09 | 21.74 | 26.32 | 0.00 | 37.50 | 0.00 |
| ${1000} \sim {2000}{\mathrm{\;{km}}}^{2}$ | 2.56 | 16.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 21.74 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 12.50 | 33.34 |
| ${2000} \sim {5000}{\mathrm{\;{km}}}^{2}$ | 15.38 | 11.95 | 0.00 | 21.74 | 13.04 | 21.05 | 0.00 | 12.50 | 33.33 |
| $> {5000}{\mathrm{\;{km}}}^{2}$ | 25.64 | 6.64 | 0.00 | 4.35 | 8.70 | 5.26 | 16.67 | 25.00 | 33.33 |
| 合计 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 城市地形 特征 | 山地 | 66.67 | 15.91 | 20.00 | 80.00 | 17.39 | 26.32 | 16.67 | 12.50 | 33.34 |
| 丘陵 | 12.82 | 9.62 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 26.09 | 26.32 | 66.66 | 37.50 | 33.33 |
| 盆地 | 0.00 | 4.60 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 8.70 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 平原 | 20.51 | 69.87 | 80.00 | 0.00 | 47.82 | 47.36 | 16.67 | 50.00 | 33.33 |
| 合计 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 线路功能 定位 | 补充和延伸线 | 5.13 | 22.50 | 14.29 | 17.07 | 4.35 | 31.57 | 16.67 | 50.00 | 100.00 |
| 骨干线 | 10.25 | 76.25 | 57.13 | 10.98 | 47.82 | 42.11 | 16.67 | 50.00 | 0.00 |
| 机场专线 | 0.00 | 0.42 | 14.29 | 70.73 | 4.35 | 10.53 | 33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 旅游线路 | 84.62 | 0.83 | 14.29 | 1.22 | 43.48 | 15.79 | 33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 合计 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154040287216259770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Main design technical parameters of nine types of medium- and low-volume rail transit systems in the world, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 系统制式 | 运输能力/ (万人次/h) | 设计最高 速度/(km/h) | 旅行速度/ (km/h) | 工程造价/ 亿元 | 最小曲线 半径/m | 最大限制 坡度1%0 | 轮轨类型 | 敷设方式 | 振动和噪声 |
| 齿轨 | - | 120(齿轮 驱动时 30) | 15~25 | 1.9 ~ 2.7 | 25.0 | 500 | 钢轮钢轨 | 高架为主 | 大(齿轨啮合作用大) |
| 有轨电车 | 0.6 ~ 1.2 | 70 | ${18} \sim {25}$ | 0.6 ~ 1.5 | 10.5 | 60(胶轮有轨 电车可达 130) | 钢轮钢轨(胶 轮混凝土轨) | 地面为主 | 较大(轮轨作用大) |
| 悬挂式 单轨 | ${0.5} \sim {2.0}$ | 75 | 30~40 | 1.5 ~ 2.0 | 50.0 | 100 | 橡胶轮胎 钢梁轨道 | 高架为主 | 小(胶轮系统减振降噪 效果好;轮轨位于轨道 梁内部, 有隔声效果) |
| APM | 0.8 ~ 2.0 | 90 | ${30} \sim {50}$ | ${1.2} \sim {1.8}$ | 22.0 | 60 | 橡胶轮胎 混凝土轨 | 地面 高架 地下 | 小(胶轮系统减振降噪 效果好) |
| 跨座式 单轨 | ${2.0} \sim {3.0}$ | 100 | ${26} \sim {46}$ | ${2.0} \sim {3.0}$ | 25.0 | 150 | 橡胶轮胎 混凝土轨 | 高架为主 | 小(胶轮系统减振降噪 效果好) |
| 直线电机 系统 | ${1.0} \sim {3.0}$ | 110 | 30~45 | 5.0~6.0 | 70.0 | 80 | 钢轮钢轨 | 地下 地面 高架 | 较小(轮轨间作用小) |
| 中低速 磁浮 | ${1.5} \sim {3.0}$ | 120 | 50~60 | ${2.5} \sim {3.5}$ | 50.0 | 70 | 无轮、钢轨 | 高架为主 | 小(无轮轨接触) |
| 电子导向 胶轮系统 | 0.6 ~ 1.2 | 70 | 15~25 | 0.4~0.6 | 10.0 | 60 | 橡胶轮胎 混凝土路面 (虚拟轨道) | 地面为主 | 小(胶轮系统减振降噪 效果好) |
| 导轨式胶 轮系统 | 0.6 ~ 1.2 | 80 | ${20} \sim {30}$ | 1.0 ~2.0 | 15.0 | 120 | 橡胶轮胎 钢梁轨道 | 高架为主 | 小(胶轮系统减振降噪 效果好) |
), ArticleFig(id=1154040287262397115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744609657537247, language=CN, label=表 5, caption=
世界范围内 9 种中低运量轨道交通系统主要设计技术参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 系统制式 | 运输能力/ (万人次/h) | 设计最高 速度/(km/h) | 旅行速度/ (km/h) | 工程造价/ 亿元 | 最小曲线 半径/m | 最大限制 坡度1%0 | 轮轨类型 | 敷设方式 | 振动和噪声 |
| 齿轨 | - | 120(齿轮 驱动时 30) | 15~25 | 1.9 ~ 2.7 | 25.0 | 500 | 钢轮钢轨 | 高架为主 | 大(齿轨啮合作用大) |
| 有轨电车 | 0.6 ~ 1.2 | 70 | ${18} \sim {25}$ | 0.6 ~ 1.5 | 10.5 | 60(胶轮有轨 电车可达 130) | 钢轮钢轨(胶 轮混凝土轨) | 地面为主 | 较大(轮轨作用大) |
| 悬挂式 单轨 | ${0.5} \sim {2.0}$ | 75 | 30~40 | 1.5 ~ 2.0 | 50.0 | 100 | 橡胶轮胎 钢梁轨道 | 高架为主 | 小(胶轮系统减振降噪 效果好;轮轨位于轨道 梁内部, 有隔声效果) |
| APM | 0.8 ~ 2.0 | 90 | ${30} \sim {50}$ | ${1.2} \sim {1.8}$ | 22.0 | 60 | 橡胶轮胎 混凝土轨 | 地面 高架 地下 | 小(胶轮系统减振降噪 效果好) |
| 跨座式 单轨 | ${2.0} \sim {3.0}$ | 100 | ${26} \sim {46}$ | ${2.0} \sim {3.0}$ | 25.0 | 150 | 橡胶轮胎 混凝土轨 | 高架为主 | 小(胶轮系统减振降噪 效果好) |
| 直线电机 系统 | ${1.0} \sim {3.0}$ | 110 | 30~45 | 5.0~6.0 | 70.0 | 80 | 钢轮钢轨 | 地下 地面 高架 | 较小(轮轨间作用小) |
| 中低速 磁浮 | ${1.5} \sim {3.0}$ | 120 | 50~60 | ${2.5} \sim {3.5}$ | 50.0 | 70 | 无轮、钢轨 | 高架为主 | 小(无轮轨接触) |
| 电子导向 胶轮系统 | 0.6 ~ 1.2 | 70 | 15~25 | 0.4~0.6 | 10.0 | 60 | 橡胶轮胎 混凝土路面 (虚拟轨道) | 地面为主 | 小(胶轮系统减振降噪 效果好) |
| 导轨式胶 轮系统 | 0.6 ~ 1.2 | 80 | ${20} \sim {30}$ | 1.0 ~2.0 | 15.0 | 120 | 橡胶轮胎 钢梁轨道 | 高架为主 | 小(胶轮系统减振降噪 效果好) |
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