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This study proposes a solution involving the use of a longitudinally induced ventilation system to solve ventilation challenges in factory buildings within a covered metro vehicle base, where natural ventilation is impractical and traditional horizontal ventilation systems are difficult to implement. We first created a threedimensional model for the longitudinally induced ventilation system, analyzed the impacts of the induced jet fan installation spacing and height on the airflow within the factory building based on numerical simulation results, and validated the proposed system against actual engineering conditions. The results indicate that the best overall and workstation ventilation effects can be achieved with installation spacings of 20 and 25 m, respectively, along with heights of 8 and 6 m, respectively, for the induced jet fans inside the factory building. The field tests agreed well with the simulation results. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of longitudinal ventilation systems in engineering applications.

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针对带上盖物业地铁车辆基地内高大厂房无法采用自然通风且传统横向通风系统设置困难的问题,本文提出采用纵向诱导通风系统的解决方案。建立纵向诱导通风系统的三维模型,根据数值模拟结果分析诱导推射风机安装间距、安装高度等对厂房内流场的影响,并结合工程实际情况进行验证。研究结果表明:运用库内诱导推射风机的安装间距为20m、安装高度为8m时,全面通风效果最佳;诱导推射风机的安装间距为25m,安装高度为6m时,岗位通风效果最佳,现场测试与模拟结果基本一致。研究结果可以为纵向诱导通风系统在工程中的应用提供理论依据。

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刘起,男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事城市轨道交通、地下空间及民用建筑等暖通空调相关设计及研究工作,

, authorsList=刘起)}, authors=[Author(id=1154040322389697144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744616745910323, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liuyanqi1985@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154040322469388926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744616745910323, authorId=1154040322389697144, language=EN, stringName=Qi LIU, firstName=Qi, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd. Wuhan 430063, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154040322536497794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744616745910323, authorId=1154040322389697144, language=CN, stringName=刘起, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 武汉 430063, bio={"content":"

刘起,男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事城市轨道交通、地下空间及民用建筑等暖通空调相关设计及研究工作,

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刘起,男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事城市轨道交通、地下空间及民用建筑等暖通空调相关设计及研究工作,

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带上盖物业地铁车辆基地高大厂房纵向诱导通风研究
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都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2024,37(2): 124-130
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都市快轨交通 | 机电工程 2024, 37(2): 124-130
带上盖物业地铁车辆基地高大厂房纵向诱导通风研究
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刘起
作者信息
  • 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 武汉 430063
  • 刘起,男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事城市轨道交通、地下空间及民用建筑等暖通空调相关设计及研究工作,

Simulation Study of a Longitudinally Induced Ventilation System in Tall and Large Factory Buildings of the Covered Metro Vehicle Base
Qi LIU
Affiliations
  • China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd. Wuhan 430063
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.018
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针对带上盖物业地铁车辆基地内高大厂房无法采用自然通风且传统横向通风系统设置困难的问题,本文提出采用纵向诱导通风系统的解决方案。建立纵向诱导通风系统的三维模型,根据数值模拟结果分析诱导推射风机安装间距、安装高度等对厂房内流场的影响,并结合工程实际情况进行验证。研究结果表明:运用库内诱导推射风机的安装间距为20m、安装高度为8m时,全面通风效果最佳;诱导推射风机的安装间距为25m,安装高度为6m时,岗位通风效果最佳,现场测试与模拟结果基本一致。研究结果可以为纵向诱导通风系统在工程中的应用提供理论依据。

轨道交通  /  上盖物业  /  车辆基地  /  高大厂房  /  数值模拟  /  纵向诱导通风

This study proposes a solution involving the use of a longitudinally induced ventilation system to solve ventilation challenges in factory buildings within a covered metro vehicle base, where natural ventilation is impractical and traditional horizontal ventilation systems are difficult to implement. We first created a threedimensional model for the longitudinally induced ventilation system, analyzed the impacts of the induced jet fan installation spacing and height on the airflow within the factory building based on numerical simulation results, and validated the proposed system against actual engineering conditions. The results indicate that the best overall and workstation ventilation effects can be achieved with installation spacings of 20 and 25 m, respectively, along with heights of 8 and 6 m, respectively, for the induced jet fans inside the factory building. The field tests agreed well with the simulation results. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of longitudinal ventilation systems in engineering applications.

rail transit  /  factory buildings of the covered  /  vehicle base  /  tall and large factory buildings  /  numerical simulation  /  longitudinal induced ventilation system
刘起. 带上盖物业地铁车辆基地高大厂房纵向诱导通风研究. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (2) : 124 -130 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.018
Qi LIU. Simulation Study of a Longitudinally Induced Ventilation System in Tall and Large Factory Buildings of the Covered Metro Vehicle Base[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (2) : 124 -130 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.018
地铁车辆基地是地铁正常运营的后勤保障基地, 包括车辆段(停车场)、综合维修中心、物资总库等部分。车辆段(场)内运用库、停车列检库等厂房较高且面积较大,一般净空均超过 $8\mathrm{\;m}$ ,单个厂房建筑面积超过 ${20000}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2}$ ,有的多线共用车辆段 (场) 单个厂房建筑面积为 ${40000}\sim {50000}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{2\left\lbrack 1\right\rbrack }$
近年来, 随着城市用地紧张以及地价的上涨, 许多城市建设地铁车辆基地时, 在满足相关功能的前提下, 对车辆基地进行上盖物业开发, 从而提高土地使用率, 提升地块价值, 增加收益。而上盖物业开发则直接影响了整个厂房的自然通风效果 [ 2 - 3 ]
为解决带上盖物业地铁车辆基地高大厂房的通风问题, 学者们对各种形式通风系统进行了研究。汪令宏等 [ 4 - 5 ] 分别在北京四惠车辆段、武汉常青车辆段和深圳前海车辆段的设计中采用横向通风系统对高大厂房进行通风换气, 且横向通风系统兼顾厂房内排烟。邰彦寰等[ 6 - 7 ]通过计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)对不同通风模式下地铁检修库内气流组织进行模拟计算, 比较了不同通风模式下的通风效果, 并对各通风方案进行动态经济分析, 认为壁式送排风机+诱导推射风机方案通风效果有一定优势。李国庆等 [ 1 ] 将纵向诱导通风系统与传统横向通风系统进行技术经济对比分析, 且对工作区平均风速、工作人员的体感最高温度、噪声以及 ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ 浓度等进行了测试, 测试结果表明纵向诱导通风系统运行能耗低, 且改善了厂房内工作环境。
上述均未研究诱导推射风机布置方案对流场特性的影响, 基于此, 本文结合实际工程, 通过对带上盖物业开发车辆基地高大厂房内的纵向诱导通风系统进行数值模拟, 研究诱导推射风机布置形式对纵向诱导通风效果的影响。
车辆基地建筑通风的主要目的是排除余热以及车辆维修等工艺过程中产生的粉尘、污浊气体等,为运营人员创造良好的工作环境 [ 1 , 6 - 8 ]
不带盖车辆基地的厂房多采用自然通风, 主要做法是在厂房屋顶设通风天窗, 侧墙设高窗, 库内辅助设置壁式风扇进行岗位送风。自然通风可以充分利用热压和风压产生的动力使厂房内形成空气对流, 以最大限度地节约能源 [ 9 ]
车辆基地进行上盖物业开发后, 由于顶部无法设置通风天窗,严重影响了盖下区域的室内环境质量, 给厂房通风设计带来很多难度和挑战 。传统的机械通风方式采用大型的离心或轴流排风机(一般兼做排烟风机),在运用库或检修库靠近盖边缘的外墙设置风机房, 垂直股道方向设置排风管道,排风量按《城市轨道交通车辆基地工程技术标准》(CJJ/T 306- 2020 ) 第 8.3.5 条确定:车辆基地内运用和检修厂房采用机械通风时,当厂房高度小于或等于 时,其排风量不宜小于按 1 次/h 换气计算所得的风量;当厂房高度大于 时,排风量可按 计算 。
运用库、检修库是地铁车辆基地典型高大厂房, 受接触网、结构梁等构件限制, 传统机械通风系统排风管一般贴梁底敷设, 安装标高较高。由于机械通风系统兼作排烟用, 为保证其排烟口位于储烟仓内, 风口距离地面更高, 故运行时, 其空气流动主要在厂房上部,而下部工作区风速非常小,空气流动性差, ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ 浓度相对较高, 人员舒适性低。
在工程设计时, 拟采用纵向诱导通风系统来解决盖下高大厂房内的通风问题。沿股道方向设置一系列诱导推射风机, 通过诱导推射风机的推射接力实现库内的排风,并通过诱导作用使工作区保持一定的风速。 与传统机械通风系统相比, 纵向诱导通风系统有以下优势:①诱导推射风机安装在库内,不必设置通风机房, 减少土建投资、节约土地; ②可以根据运营的实际需求分股道开启风机, 降低通风运行能耗; ③使用灵活, 维修方便, 对单台风机检修不影响其他股道的使用。
上海 9 号线金桥停车场、杭州 8 号线新湾车辆段、 杭州 7 号线盈中车辆段及江东三路停车场等均采用纵向诱导通风方案, 但由于缺少相应的设备选型及布置等设计标准及规范依据, 这些工程项目纵向诱导通风系统的设计更多是依赖于工程经验。为了解影响纵向诱导通风系统实际效果的因素, 确保设计方案的合理性, 本文结合实际工程, 通过 CFD 对带上盖物业开发车辆基地高大厂房等纵向诱导通风系统进行数值模拟, 合理确定纵向诱导通风系统的设计方案。
以某地铁车辆段为例进行方案设计说明, 车辆段总平面如 图 1 所示, 该车辆段带上盖物业开发, 其中运用库、检修库、调机工程车库、镟轮库、洗车库、动调试验间、变电所、洗车房等位于盖下,综合楼、物资总库等位于盖外落地区。由于上盖物业开发需求, 盖板上开孔较少, 盖下内部区域尤其是运用库、检修库内部与盖外距离远, 空气流动性差, 特别是梅雨季节, 空气湿度大,库内潮湿、闷热,工作环境会比较恶劣。
以该车辆段运用库为例, 通过 CFD 模拟获得不同安装间距、不同安装高度情况下库内流场情况, 通过对流场的分析, 得出理论最优布置方案。
该运用库主库总长度为 ${332}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,宽 145.8 m,沿宽度方向共计 11 跨,每跨均为两列位,库内最低点距顶板高度 ${9.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。沿股道方向在两列位之间布置诱导推射风机, 可同时兼顾两列位的通风需求, 按以下 5 种布置方式分别建模研究不同安装间距、不同安装高度时的流场特性:①安装高度 $H = 7\mathrm{\;m}$ ,沿股道方向诱导推射风机安装间距 $L$ 分别为 ${20}\mathrm{\;m}\text{、}{25}\mathrm{\;m}\text{、}{30}\mathrm{\;m}$ 三种情况(分别对应方案 1、方案 2、方案 3);②沿股道方向诱导推射风机安装间距 $L ={25}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,安装高度 $H$ 分别为 $6\mathrm{\;m}$$7\mathrm{\;m}\text{、}8\mathrm{\;m}$ 三种情况(对应方案 4、方案 2、方案 5)。
按照 1 : 1 建模并划分网格, 如 图 2 所示。为方便计算, 对该建筑几何模型进行简化, 不考虑梁、柱等凸出物的影响。由于诱导推射风机与主库相对体积较小, 在诱导推射风机局部位置进行网格加密处理, 以获得较高计算精度。
默认流体流动为定常流进行计算, 边界条件及其他参数设置如下:
1) 诱导推射风机进风口、出风口分别为速度入口、速度出口,根据工程实际条件和测试条件,设置入口流速为 $5\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,出口流速为 ${16.5}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$
2) 运用库门洞为压力入口,压力 $P = 0\mathrm{{Pa}}$ ; 边墙处轴流风机为速度出口,流速为 ${8.23}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ;其他位置均为壁面。
3) 采用 SIMPLE 算法和 $\mathrm{k}- \varepsilon$ 湍流模型,为实现计算尽快收敛, 松弛因子的动量项、湍流动能项、湍流耗散率项分别设置为 0.3、0.4、0.4,其他项采用默认值。
4) 不考虑门窗漏风以及厂房内设备发热及粉尘散发点对空气流动的影响。
按照安装高度 $H = 7\mathrm{\;m}$ ,安装间距 $L ={20}\text{、}{25}\text{、}{30}\mathrm{\;m}$ 三种情况分别进行模拟, 得出的计算结果如 图 3图 4 所示。考虑该运用库长高比(长 332 m,净高 9.5 m) 较大,沿股道方向均截取部分区域模拟图片,图中 $X$ 为相对运用库西侧外墙的距离, $Z$ 为相对运用库室内地面标高。
图 3 可知,当安装高度 $H = 7\mathrm{\;m}$ 且安装间距 $L ={20}$${25}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,上游诱导推射风机的射流到达下游诱导推射风机入口附近仍具有一定的速度。进一步选取对应股道,取距离诱导推射风机入口 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ 处平行于 ${YOZ}$ 平面的截面作为统计面, 得出其平均风速分别 0.78 、 ${0.34}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,接力效果较好。其中 $L ={20}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,下游诱导推射风机入口处气流速度较大, 其接力效果最佳。安装间距 $L ={30}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,由 图3 $\left(\mathrm{c}\right)$ 可知,部分位置的相邻诱导推射风机间出现了断流的情形, 上游诱导推射风机的射流未到达下游诱导推射风机时已衰减严重,统计面上平均风速约 ${0.07}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,最小风速 ${0.01}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,接近于 0, 与 图 4 速度矢量图所显示的情况基本一致。
图 4 为不同安装间距的速度矢量图, 由 图 4 可知, 当 $L ={20}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,上游气流虽经过衰减,但到达下游诱导推射风机入口附近风速仍然较高, 统计面最大风速 ${2.36}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,易造成气流散乱、外溢,诱导推射风机上部也形成了一些涡流,造成一定能源浪费; 同时,在 $0 \sim$ $2\mathrm{\;m}$ 工作区域 [ 11 ] 的气流均匀性差,且存在多处涡流, 部分区域不能有效换气。而 $L ={25}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时气流则相对均匀、风速较平稳。
因此, 在诱导推射风机最大射程范围内, 安装间距越大, 工作区内气流越平稳, 诱导通风效果越好, 这与理论计算结果基本一致。诱导推射风机扰动风量的计算式为
$\frac{{Q}_{x}}{{Q}_{0}}= \frac{2X}{{1.13}\mathrm{\;K}\sqrt{{A}_{0}}}$
式中, ${Q}_{x}$ 为扰动风量, ${\mathrm{m}}^{3}/\mathrm{h};{Q}_{0}$ 为诱导推射风机出口风量, ${\mathrm{m}}^{3}/\mathrm{h};X$ 为诱导推射风机射程, $\mathrm{m};\mathrm{K}$ 为方形喷口等温轴心速度常数,一般取 6.5; ${A}_{0}$ 为诱导推射风机出风口有效面积, ${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$
根据式 (1) 可知, 扰动风量与诱导推射风机的射程成正比,与出风口有效面积成反比。本工程中, 诱导推射风机风量为 ${10000}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}/\mathrm{h}$ ,出口尺寸为 ${800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {210}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ (长×宽),按式(1)计算,在最大射程范围内, $L ={20}\text{、}{25}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时, 其扰动风量分别为 ${132866}\text{、}{166082}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}/\mathrm{h}$
在工程设计时, 诱导推射风机应首先考虑满足接力通风,同时应能在最大射程范围内尽可能加大设置间距,以提高其诱导通风量。
根据相同高度, 不同安装间距的模拟结果, 按推射诱导风机最优安装间距 $L =$ ${25}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,安装高度 $H = 6\text{、}7\text{、}8\mathrm{\;m}$ 三种情况分别进行模拟, 得出的计算结果如 图 5图 6 所示。
图 5 可知,在安装间距 $L ={25}\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,安装高度 $H = 8\mathrm{\;m}$ 的射流形状不完全对称,但上游气流可以维持一定速度到达下游风机入口,接力效果最佳; 安装高度 $H = 6$$7\mathrm{\;m}$ 的射流形状存在一定对称性,射流受出口角度及重力的影响, 射流方向整体斜向下, 接力效果差。究其原因,当安装高度 $H = 8\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,诱导推射风机更贴近于运用库顶板, 其出口气流为受限射流, 受康达效应影响, 射流对周围环境空气的卷吸存在不平衡,下部卷吸周围空气,卷吸的空气量少,因而流速大 [ 12 ] 。且随着射流进一步延伸,射流上下两侧情况出现变化,下侧因与大气相通,有充足的空气补充,始终保持大气压强, 导致上侧的压强低于大气压, 射流在上下压力差的作用下发生向上的偏转, 最后形成沿壁面向前的流动,射程比较长。 $H = 6\text{、}7\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,其射流可近似为自由射流, 气流上下部均卷吸周围空气, 射流断面流量越来越大。由此可知, 诱导推射风机出口气流在越接近壁面的情况下, 贴附效果越强, 使得气流向前传递的过程中, 在贴近壁面位置形成了类似于层流的效果, 这种情况在 图 6 中亦可明显观察到。
图 6 可知,当安装高度 $H = 8\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,顶板处气流流线较为平直,在近地面区域形成了涡流; 而当 $H = 6$$7\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,诱导推射风机入口卷吸明显,近顶板处气流较为混乱,但距离室内地面 $0 \sim 2\mathrm{\;m}$ 工作区内气流较为均匀。即诱导推射风机贴顶板安装时接力效果好, 有利于排除污浊气体。诱导推射风机近地面安装时,工作区气流平稳, 有利于改善工作区通风效果。为进一步研究不同安装高度诱导推射风机的扰动效果, 在模拟结果中统计运用库高度方向 $Z ={1.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ 平面风速情况, 当 $H = 6$ 、7、 $8\mathrm{\;m}$ 时, $Z ={1.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ 平面上的平均风速分别为 ${0.46}\text{、}{0.43}\text{、}{0.40}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,最大风速分别为 1.705、 ${1.277}\text{、}{1.135}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$
根据国内外标准 ${}^{\left\lbrack {11},\;{13}- {14}\right\rbrack }$ 关于气流组织参数设计规定,对于工业类建筑,可取工作区风速 ${u}_{n}= {0.2}\sim {0.8}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$$Z ={1.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ 平面的风速统计结果显示, 3 种方案的最大风速相差较大, 而平均风速相差较小且均位于 ${u}_{n}$ 取值区间内,可见 3 种不同安装高度下,诱导推射系统均可以实现工作区人员的舒适需求, 且随着安装高度的增加, 风速则呈逐渐减小的趋势, 即在安装高度 $H = 6\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,诱导推射风机扰动效果最好。
以第 2 章的车辆段为例, 该车辆段运用库设计规模为: 周月检 4 列位, 停车列检 36 列位。运用库长 ${332}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,宽 145.8 m,净高 ${9.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,两列位为一跨,单跨轴间距 ${12.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。运用库共设置 112 台诱导推射风机, 布置在跨中两股道中间, 间距为 ${22}\sim {25}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,安装高度约 $7\mathrm{\;m}$ ,按每跨分组,共 11 组, 每组配置 1 个控制箱(分别控制每组的诱导推射风机)。投入使用后, 经现场测试, 工作区域距离地面 ${1.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ 高度的风速为 ${0.8}\sim {1.5}\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ ,厂房内通风效果较前期车辆段场有较大改善; 且运营初期维检车辆较少, 分股道开启设备, 降低了运行能耗, 得到运营单位的认可。
综上, 以运用库为例, 对不同安装间距、不同安装高度情况下纵向诱导通风系统的流场进行模拟计算,根据计算结果分析其流场特性,得出如下主要结论:
1) 高大厂房采用纵向诱导通风系统可实现较好的通风效果, 改善上盖物业开发车辆基地高大厂房内的工作环境, 较传统的通风方式更为简单。在诱导推射风机设计时, 存在最佳安装距离及最佳安装高度, 既可以实现库内污浊空气的接力排除, 又可以保证工作区的通风效果, 即达到了全面通风与岗位通风两种效果。
2) 纵向诱导通风系统在实现全面通风与岗位通风时存在相互制约的情况。全面通风要求在诱导推射风机最大射流长度范围内,诱导推射风机安装间距小, 安装高度尽可能贴顶板, 模拟方案最优安装间距为 $L ={20}\mathrm{m}$ ,安装高度为 $H = 8\mathrm{m}$ ; 而要维持工作区内的风速值, 实现岗位通风效果则要求诱导推射风机的安装距离大,安装高度远离顶板, 模拟方案最优安装间距 $L ={25}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,安装高度为 $H = 6\mathrm{\;m}$
3)实际工程中,厂房内存在清扫、维检等作业且梁柱等凸出物较多,有必要考虑厂房内重点设备发热、 主要污染物散发以及梁柱等凸出构件对气流的影响, 以进一步研究纵向诱导通风系统的流场特性。
  • 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司科研项目(KY2023042S)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.018
  • 接收时间:2023-10-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-14
  • 修回日期:2023-12-24
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中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司科研项目(KY2023042S)
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    中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 武汉 430063
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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