Article(id=1149744591479423996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590489568247, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1673193600000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-09, revisedDate=1699200000000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050071830, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050071830, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050071830, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050071830, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149744590489568247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='145', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050071594, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780157843, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001098214068362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590489568247, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001098214068363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590489568247, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=92, endPage=98, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149744591785608191, articleId=1149744591479423996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Structure and Performance Evaluation of Prestressed Steel Strut Capable Against Tensile and Compressive Stresses, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Traditional steel struts cannot be tensioned, and the construction of concrete struts is complex and generates considerable construction waste during the demolition phase. Therefore, prestressed steel struts capable against tensile and compressive stresses have been invented. The performance evaluation results of mechanics, construction adaptability, and cost with a prestressed steel strut capable against tensile and compressive stresses show that its compression bearing capacity is the same as that of a traditional steel strut and equivalent to that of a concrete strut. Furthermore, its tensile and strut stiffness performances are equivalent to those of a concrete strut and superior to those of a traditional steel strut. Its construction convenience is equivalent to that of a traditional steel strut and 20%30% lower than that of a concrete strut. The first concrete strut replaced by a prestressed steel strut capable against tensile and compressive stresses for metro excavations can not only ensure technical performance but also result in better economic and social benefits.

, correspAuthors=Jinzhu ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jinzhu ZHANG, Jianliang ZHANG, Yanchuan LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149744606755078741, articleId=1149744591479423996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=可拉压预应力钢支撑结构及其性能评价, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对传统钢支撑不能受拉、混凝土支撑工序复杂且拆除产生大量建筑垃圾等问题,研发可拉压预应力钢支撑结构。对可拉压预应力钢支撑结构进行技术评价及造价对比,结果表明:其抗压承载力与传统钢支撑相同,与混凝土支撑相当;抗拉性能及支撑刚度与混凝土支撑相当,优于传统钢支撑;施工便捷性与传统钢支撑相当,优于混凝土支撑;造价与传统钢支撑相当,比混凝土支撑低20%~30%。在地铁基坑工程中,首道支撑采用可拉压预应力钢支撑,相比混凝土支撑,在保证支护效果的同时,能够产生更好的经济效益和社会效益。

, correspAuthors=张金柱, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=OJ3xbP9yTScFLy3C/cyrng==, magXml=r/S3Ga6DjxxNcIC41jDKEQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=IFTiDQ785UvVRoKv+JAZpg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=6SH34EqM8rJIvFcEHT+66w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张金柱,男,硕士,高级工程师,从事轨道交通设计、审查和研究工作,

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figureFileBig=psPrBDeErFvzdbEwDkb9eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040342849511542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Computation model of L-shaped baffle, figureFileSmall=Mfo/rpOsBL/65+8wA9C43w==, figureFileBig=HBhpVVDtvpyOfrAdR328MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040342904037495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=CN, label=图 9, caption=$\mathrm{\;L}$ 型挡板计算模型, figureFileSmall=Mfo/rpOsBL/65+8wA9C43w==, figureFileBig=HBhpVVDtvpyOfrAdR328MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040342954369144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=EN, label=Figure 10, caption=Length adjustment diagram, figureFileSmall=xwr+z+l+Idid3OFTMgMdcw==, figureFileBig=itS18nJVL4A35K3PFn9Ncw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040343004700793, 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articleId=1149744591479423996, language=EN, label=Figure 12, caption=Diagram of support structure layout, figureFileSmall=LrimrTqtcubOefcYRLTzMQ==, figureFileBig=DtzWX1DGX/mFx4c7Hj2n/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040343231193215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=CN, label=图 12, caption=支撑结构布置示意, figureFileSmall=LrimrTqtcubOefcYRLTzMQ==, figureFileBig=DtzWX1DGX/mFx4c7Hj2n/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154040343285719169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Model and size of main components, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 构件 型号/尺寸
1 圆钢管中间节 ${\phi 800} \times \left( {{16} \sim {20}}\right) \mathrm{{mm}}$
2 方钢管端节 ${400}\mathrm{\;{mm}} \times {500}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\left( {t = {30}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\text{,内侧加肋}}\right)$
3 钢管连接螺栓 8.8A 级 M27(24 根)
4 U 型卡槽 t=40 mm(肋板厚 10 mm)
5 预埋件预埋钢板 $t = {20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
6 锚筋、高强螺栓 ${12\phi 30}, f = {500}\mathrm{{MPa}}$
7 托架 $t = {10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
8 填充材料 微膨胀细石混凝土
9 千斤顶 超薄千斤顶,含行程总厚度不大于 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
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序号 构件 型号/尺寸
1 圆钢管中间节 ${\phi 800} \times \left( {{16} \sim {20}}\right) \mathrm{{mm}}$
2 方钢管端节 ${400}\mathrm{\;{mm}} \times {500}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\left( {t = {30}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\text{,内侧加肋}}\right)$
3 钢管连接螺栓 8.8A 级 M27(24 根)
4 U 型卡槽 t=40 mm(肋板厚 10 mm)
5 预埋件预埋钢板 $t = {20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
6 锚筋、高强螺栓 ${12\phi 30}, f = {500}\mathrm{{MPa}}$
7 托架 $t = {10}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
8 填充材料 微膨胀细石混凝土
9 千斤顶 超薄千斤顶,含行程总厚度不大于 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154040343428325509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Characteristics of strut section, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支撑 断面 截面/mm 净截面积/mm 绕弱轴惯 性矩/c 绕弱轴回转 半径/mm
端节方钢管 ${400} \times {500}\left( {t = {30}}\right)$ 50 400 162 185 155.9
中间节圆 钢管 ${\phi 800} \times {20}$ 49009 372 957 275.9
${\phi 800} \times {16}$ 39408 302 906 277.2
), ArticleFig(id=1154040343478657159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=支撑截面特性, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支撑 断面 截面/mm 净截面积/mm 绕弱轴惯 性矩/c 绕弱轴回转 半径/mm
端节方钢管 ${400} \times {500}\left( {t = {30}}\right)$ 50 400 162 185 155.9
中间节圆 钢管 ${\phi 800} \times {20}$ 49009 372 957 275.9
${\phi 800} \times {16}$ 39408 302 906 277.2
), ArticleFig(id=1154040343537377417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Comparison of compressive bearing capacity, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支撑类型 支撑 截面/mm 间距/ m 单根受压 承载力/kN 摊至基坑每延米的 受压承载力/kN
混凝土支撑 ${800} \times {1000}$ 9 7 150 794
可拉压预应 力钢支撑/ 传统钢支撑 ${\phi 800} \times {16}$ 6 4 488 748
${\phi 800} \times {20}$ 6 5 547 925
), ArticleFig(id=1154040343591903371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=受压承载力比较, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支撑类型 支撑 截面/mm 间距/ m 单根受压 承载力/kN 摊至基坑每延米的 受压承载力/kN
混凝土支撑 ${800} \times {1000}$ 9 7 150 794
可拉压预应 力钢支撑/ 传统钢支撑 ${\phi 800} \times {16}$ 6 4 488 748
${\phi 800} \times {20}$ 6 5 547 925
), ArticleFig(id=1154040343642235021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Strut stiffness comparison, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支撑类型 支撑 截面/mm 支撑 长度/m 支撑 间距/m 单根支撑 轴力/kN 单根支撑 刚度/ 单侧压缩 变形/mm 预加 轴力/kN 预压缩 变形/mm 围护顶水平 位移/mm
混凝土支撑 ${800} \times {1000}$ 20 9 2700 2 400.00 1.13 0 0 1.13
钢支撑 ${\phi 800} \times {16}$ 20 6 1800 811.81 2.22 600 0.74 1.48
${\phi 800} \times {20}$ 20 6 1800 1 009.58 1.78 600 0.59 1.19
), ArticleFig(id=1154040343734509711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=支撑刚度比较, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支撑类型 支撑 截面/mm 支撑 长度/m 支撑 间距/m 单根支撑 轴力/kN 单根支撑 刚度/ 单侧压缩 变形/mm 预加 轴力/kN 预压缩 变形/mm 围护顶水平 位移/mm
混凝土支撑 ${800} \times {1000}$ 20 9 2700 2 400.00 1.13 0 0 1.13
钢支撑 ${\phi 800} \times {16}$ 20 6 1800 811.81 2.22 600 0.74 1.48
${\phi 800} \times {20}$ 20 6 1800 1 009.58 1.78 600 0.59 1.19
), ArticleFig(id=1154040343789035665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Cost comparison, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支撑类型 支撑 可回收钢结构 不可回收钢结构 钢筋混凝土/细石混凝土 单根撑 价格/元 摊至每延米基坑的 支撑价格/(元/m)
截面/m 质量/t 单价(元/t) 质量/t 单价(元/t) 体积/ 单价(含拆除)/(元/ )
混凝土支撑 ${800} \times {1000}$ - - - - 16.0 1950(含钢筋) 31 200 3467
传统钢支撑 ${\phi 800} \times {16}$ 6.9 1 800 0.31 6000 - - 14 368 2 395
${\phi 800} \times {20}$ 8.4 1 800 0.31 6000 - - 17 081 2962
可拉压预应力 钢支撑 ${\phi 800} \times {16}$ 6.8 1800 0.31 6000 0.3 600 14 291 2382
${\phi 800} \times {20}$ 8.3 1 800 0.31 6 000 0.3 600 16 964 2 827
), ArticleFig(id=1154040343847755923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591479423996, language=CN, label=表 5, caption=造价比较, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支撑类型 支撑 可回收钢结构 不可回收钢结构 钢筋混凝土/细石混凝土 单根撑 价格/元 摊至每延米基坑的 支撑价格/(元/m)
截面/m 质量/t 单价(元/t) 质量/t 单价(元/t) 体积/ 单价(含拆除)/(元/ )
混凝土支撑 ${800} \times {1000}$ - - - - 16.0 1950(含钢筋) 31 200 3467
传统钢支撑 ${\phi 800} \times {16}$ 6.9 1 800 0.31 6000 - - 14 368 2 395
${\phi 800} \times {20}$ 8.4 1 800 0.31 6000 - - 17 081 2962
可拉压预应力 钢支撑 ${\phi 800} \times {16}$ 6.8 1800 0.31 6000 0.3 600 14 291 2382
${\phi 800} \times {20}$ 8.3 1 800 0.31 6 000 0.3 600 16 964 2 827
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可拉压预应力钢支撑结构及其性能评价
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张金柱 , 张建良 , 李延川
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(2): 92-98
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(2): 92-98
可拉压预应力钢支撑结构及其性能评价
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张金柱 , 张建良, 李延川
作者信息
  • 北京城建信捷轨道交通工程咨询有限公司 北京 100045
  • 张金柱,男,硕士,高级工程师,从事轨道交通设计、审查和研究工作,

Structure and Performance Evaluation of Prestressed Steel Strut Capable Against Tensile and Compressive Stresses
Jinzhu ZHANG , Jianliang ZHANG, Yanchuan LI
Affiliations
  • Beijing Urban Construction Xinjie Rail Transit Engineering Consultation Co., Ltd. Beijing 100045
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.014
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针对传统钢支撑不能受拉、混凝土支撑工序复杂且拆除产生大量建筑垃圾等问题,研发可拉压预应力钢支撑结构。对可拉压预应力钢支撑结构进行技术评价及造价对比,结果表明:其抗压承载力与传统钢支撑相同,与混凝土支撑相当;抗拉性能及支撑刚度与混凝土支撑相当,优于传统钢支撑;施工便捷性与传统钢支撑相当,优于混凝土支撑;造价与传统钢支撑相当,比混凝土支撑低20%~30%。在地铁基坑工程中,首道支撑采用可拉压预应力钢支撑,相比混凝土支撑,在保证支护效果的同时,能够产生更好的经济效益和社会效益。

地铁  /  基坑支护  /  可拉压预应力钢支撑  /  性能评价  /  垃圾减量

Traditional steel struts cannot be tensioned, and the construction of concrete struts is complex and generates considerable construction waste during the demolition phase. Therefore, prestressed steel struts capable against tensile and compressive stresses have been invented. The performance evaluation results of mechanics, construction adaptability, and cost with a prestressed steel strut capable against tensile and compressive stresses show that its compression bearing capacity is the same as that of a traditional steel strut and equivalent to that of a concrete strut. Furthermore, its tensile and strut stiffness performances are equivalent to those of a concrete strut and superior to those of a traditional steel strut. Its construction convenience is equivalent to that of a traditional steel strut and 20%30% lower than that of a concrete strut. The first concrete strut replaced by a prestressed steel strut capable against tensile and compressive stresses for metro excavations can not only ensure technical performance but also result in better economic and social benefits.

metro  /  retention and protection for excavations  /  prestressed steel strut capable of tensile and compressive strengths  /  performance evaluation  /  waste reduction
张金柱, 张建良, 李延川. 可拉压预应力钢支撑结构及其性能评价. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (2) : 92 -98 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.014
Jinzhu ZHANG, Jianliang ZHANG, Yanchuan LI. Structure and Performance Evaluation of Prestressed Steel Strut Capable Against Tensile and Compressive Stresses[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (2) : 92 -98 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.014
内支撑可以直接平衡两端围护结构上所受的侧压力,构造简单,受力明确,常应用于地铁车站等狭长基坑工程中。内支撑主要有钢支撑和混凝土支撑两类。 钢支撑具有施工便捷、可重复使用、可施加预加轴力等优点, 广泛用于北京等地质条件较好的城市。但钢支撑也存在不能受拉、轴力易损失等缺点, 因此, 遇到高水位、软土、环境复杂、变形控制要求高时, 首道支撑堂采用混凝土支撑,张全柱笔[ 1 ]认为,首道混凝土支撑能够避免轴力损失从而起到更好的基坑变形控制效果; 何山 [ 2 ] 根据宁波地铁车站基坑监测数据提出, 大部分软土基坑的首道支撑受到不同程度的拉力, 推荐采用具有抗拉承载能力的混凝土支撑; 刘树亚等 [ 3 ] 介绍,在深圳地铁二期工程后期,建设主管部门要求明挖基坑的首道支撑必须为混凝土支撑。
混凝土支撑在发挥重要作用的同时, 也存在一些问题。首先, 施工工序复杂, 混凝土支撑涉及测量、 绑筋、支模、浇筑、养护、拆除等工序。其次,拆除困难,绳锯切割造价高,爆破拆除环境影响大 [ 4 ] 。再次,混凝土支撑拆除会产生大量建筑垃圾。以地铁地下二层站主体基坑为例,当首道支撑采用截面 ${0.8}\mathrm{\;m}\times$ $1\mathrm{\;m}$ 、间距 $6\mathrm{\;m}$ 的混凝土支撑时,拆除产生的建筑垃圾每万平方米约 ${1600}\mathrm{t}$ ,仅此一项,便远大于《“十四五”建筑业发展规划》中提出的 2025 年建筑垃圾排放量每万平方米不高于 ${300}\mathrm{t}$ 的控制标准,显著增加了地下工程的碳排放。施仲衡等 [ 5 ] 提出,轨道交通建设过程中,装配式建造技术亟待推广;袁青云等 [ 6 ] 对混凝土支撑和 $\mathrm{H}$ 型钢支撑的碳排放量进行了对比,结果表明混凝土支撑碳排放量是钢支撑的 5 倍。最后,混凝土支撑无法施加预加轴力, 对基坑土体变形的控制是被动控制 [ 7 ] ,无法满足主动控制、进一步提升支撑效果的需求。
钢支撑与混凝土支撑的上述问题已经引起了许多学者的关注,贾収笑[ 8 ]为解决钢支撑轴力损失问题提升基坑变形控制效果, 研发了钢支撑轴力伺服系统; 张明聚等 [ 9 ] 针对钢支撑活络头整体性差等缺陷研发了一种螺栓紧固锥楔式活络头;井国庆等 [ 10 ] 为解决混凝土支撑使用不便、产生建筑垃圾等问题, 发明了装配式钢管混凝土支撑; 此外, 国内外学者还提出张弦梁式自锁预应力支撑系统 [ 11 ] 、格构式型钢内支撑结构 [ 12 ] 等。
现有研究成果主要解决了钢支撑轴力损失或混凝土支撑拆除建筑垃圾排放等问题, 而理想的内支撑应同时具备适应拉压多种工况、施工便捷、可重复使用、 可施加预加轴力、不产生建筑垃圾等特点。为此, 本文研发了可拉压预应力钢支撑[ 13 ],并对其进行技术经济评价, 期望能够作为首道支撑应用于地铁明挖基坑中, 在达到混凝土支撑效果的同时, 取得更好的经济效益和社会效益。
与传统钢支撑相比,可拉压预应力钢支撑取消了活络头,增加了方钢管端节、U型卡槽、高强螺栓、 填充材料等,结构总装图如 图 1 所示。
图 1 中端节采用方钢管, 是为了便于端板能够卡入 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽内。应变片贴于方钢管端节侧边中轴线处, 用于测量支撑轴力。其他主要构件如 图 2 所示。
U型卡槽和预埋件是钢管支撑与冠梁之间的联系构件, 与填充材料配合实现支撑受压功能, 与高强螺栓和钢楔配合实现支撑受拉功能;预埋件的预埋钢板留孔, 用于锚筋与高强螺栓接驳器连接; 高强螺栓配备内、外侧两组螺母, 内侧螺母在支撑安装施加预加轴力阶段螺栓受压时使用, 外侧螺母在使用阶段支撑受拉工况下螺栓受拉时使用。
结构辅助构件如 图 3 所示。托架作为 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽的施工平台; 侧边钢模板在填充材料浇筑时作为模板使用;千斤顶为超薄型千斤顶,临时放置于预埋件和 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽之间, 用于对支撑施加预加轴力。
可拉压预应力钢支撑的所有钢结构构件均是工厂加工、现场安装,现场安装步序如 图 4 所示。
拆除步序如 图 5 所示, 可拉压预应力钢支撑除冠梁预埋件、填充材料和侧、下部 10 根高强度螺杆外, 其余均可拆除回收再利用。
1) 可拉压预应力钢支撑的压力传递路径如 图 6 所示。围护结构和冠梁向基坑内变形时, 压力通过冠梁、填充材料和 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽传递至钢支撑端节及中间节。
2) 可拉压预应力钢支撑的拉力传递路径如 图 7 所示。围护结构和冠梁向基坑外变形时, 拉力通过冠梁和高强螺栓传递至 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽,再通过钢楔将拉力传递至钢支撑端节和中间节。
以可拉压预应力钢支撑各构件受力协调为原则, 拟定构件型号和尺寸如 表 1 所示。
1) 受力控制点分析。根据 2.2.1 节安装步序⑥, 取出千斤顶后、填充细石混凝土前, 高强螺栓受压承担预加轴力,其截面积远小于钢管支撑等其他受压构件, 因此该阶段高强螺栓受压稳定为承载力控制点。
2) 预加轴力作用下高强螺栓稳定承载能力。预加轴力由 8 根高强螺栓承受(顶部 2 根螺栓未安装, 底部 2 根螺栓未计入)。 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽与冠梁间隙最大 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 螺栓按 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 长的悬臂受压构件考虑,长细比为 28.4, 受压稳定系数为 0.941 , 8 根螺栓的受压稳定承载力为 ${2.657}\mathrm{{kN}}$
3) 评价。首道支撑间距 $6\mathrm{\;m}$ 时,预加轴力一般不大于 ${600}\mathrm{{kN}}$ ,即螺栓受压稳定承载能力为常见预加轴力 4 倍左右。
1) 受力控制点分析。可拉压预应力钢支撑的截面特性如 表 2 所示。端节方钢管截面外轮廓尺寸小于圆钢管,是变截面支撑,需分析受压稳定承载力。
2) 变截面支撑的受压稳定分析方法。可拉压应力钢支撑的受压计算长度分析方法参考《塔式起重机设计规范》(GB/T 13752- 2017 ) 附录 G,计算公式如下
${l}_{c}= {\mu }_{1}{\mu }_{2}l $
式中, ${l}_{c}$ 为可拉压预应力钢支撑 (变截面支撑) 的受压计算长度; $l$ 为支撑的几何长度; ${\mu }_{1}$ 为与构件支承方式有关的计算长度系数,钢支撑计算时可按两端铰接考虑,取 ${1.0};{\mu }_{2}$ 为变截面构件的计算长度系数,可根据圆钢管与方钢管的长度比和惯性矩比查文献[ 14 ] 表 G.5 取值。
以标准地下车站主体基坑 ${20}\mathrm{\;m}$ 长支撑为例,方钢管长度(两端)与支撑总长度比值小于 0.08 ,圆钢管与方钢管的惯性矩比值分别为2.3(圆钢管壁厚 $t ={20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ) 和 ${1.88}\left({t ={16}\mathrm{\;{mm}}}\right)$ ,查表得 ${\mu }_{2}\approx {1.0}$ ,即 ${20}\mathrm{\;m}$ 长的可拉压预应力钢支撑可等效为 ${20}\mathrm{\;m}$ 长的圆钢管支撑计算受压稳定承载力,如 图 8 所示。其他支撑长度情况下, 稳定承载力可根据上述方法进行具体计算。
确定构件受压计算长度后,可按照 《钢结构设计标准》(GB 50017- 2017 ) 中的压弯构件(考虑自重产生的弯矩)稳定性计算方法计算受压承载力。
3) 支撑受压承载力比较。以支撑长度 ${20}\mathrm{\;m}$ 为例, 计算 $9\mathrm{\;m}$ 间距混凝土支撑和 $6\mathrm{\;m}$ 间距钢支撑的稳定承载能力,结果见 表 3 。结果显示, $\phi {800}@6\mathrm{\;m}$ 可拉压预应力钢支撑受压承载力与传统钢支撑相同,与 800 × 1000@9 m 混凝土支撑基本相当。
根据上文中的结构组成和构件型号可知, 使用阶段受拉工况, 钢支撑端头与冠梁间的高强螺栓和锚筋受拉、管节间的法兰连接螺栓受拉、钢支撑端板与 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽接触受力等 3 处是支撑受拉承载力的潜在控制点, 下面将逐一进行承载能力分析。
1) 高强螺栓、锚筋受拉承载能力。高强螺栓与锚筋材料、直径及受力承载力相同;锚筋在冠梁内锚固, 满足规范构造要求时, 抗拔承载力不小于螺栓、锚筋本体受拉承载力;螺栓、锚筋本体受拉承载力可根据直径和材料强度按钢结构计算方法得到。 12 根 $\phi$ 30 高强螺栓、锚筋本体的受拉承载力 $F ={4239}\mathrm{{kN}}$
2) 管节连接受拉承载力验算。管节间采用 24 根 ${8.8}\mathrm{\;A}$$\mathrm{M}{27}$ 高强螺栓连接,在自重和轴向拉力作用下,偏心受拉承载力为 ${3823}\mathrm{{kN}}$
3) 端板与 U 型卡槽的接触连接承载力。钢支撑端板通过钢楔与 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽接触连接抗拉时, $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽的 $\mathrm{L}$ 型挡板为受力最不利构件。在钢肋板作用下, $\mathrm{L}$ 型挡板与钢楔接触面可简化为三角形荷载作用下的悬臂板(见 图 9 ),按此计算,接触连接受拉承载力为 ${3176}\mathrm{\;{kN}}$
4) 混凝土支撑常见配筋时的受拉承载能力。混凝土支撑配筋20根 ${\phi 25}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 主筋 $+ 6$${\phi 20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 腰筋 (HRB400 级) 时, 自重和轴力作用下, 偏心受拉承载力为 ${3118}\mathrm{\;{kN}}$
相比传统钢支撑不能提供受拉承载力, 可拉压预应力钢支撑可提供受拉承载力。轴向拉力作用下, U 型卡槽 L 型挡板受弯是支撑受拉承载力的控制点, 承载能力为 ${3176}\mathrm{{kN}}$ ,与常见配筋情况下混凝土支撑受拉承载力 ${3118}\mathrm{{kN}}$ 基本相当。
1) 支撑刚度比较。轴力作用下支撑端部的位移能反映围护结构的变形, 可作为支撑刚度的评价指标。 以支撑长 ${20}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、每延米基坑产生的轴力 ${300}\mathrm{\;{kN}}$ 为例, 计算不同支撑情况下的支撑端部位移, 如 表 4 所示, 单根混凝土支撑刚度是可拉压预应力钢支撑的 2~3 倍, 但是首道支撑轴力和支撑压缩变形较小,基坑单侧支点位移仅有 $1 \sim 2\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,如采用 ${\phi 800}\times {16}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 钢支撑时,基坑单侧支点位移仅比采用混凝土支撑时大 ${1.09}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ; 考虑预加轴力后,采用可拉压预应力钢支撑时的基坑单侧支点位移与采用混凝土支撑时相比,仅大 0.06~0.35 mm。
表 4 中钢支撑为可拉压预应力钢支撑和传统钢支撑, 理论计算结果二者相同。但与传统钢支撑相比, 可拉压预应力钢支撑几乎不存在轴力损失, 支撑刚度和效果更优。
2) 评价。可拉压预应力钢支撑的刚度和对基坑变形的控制效果, 与混凝土支撑基本相当, 且不存在活络头,受压工况传力路径简单明确,初步判断可规避传统钢支撑活络头松动、预应力损失、支撑刚度降低等缺点。
1) 对基坑宽度的适应性。可拉压预应力钢支撑长度可调节部分示意如 图 10 所示。中间节长度模数为 ${500}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,端节长度模数为 ${200}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ; 预埋件与 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽间填充材料厚度可调节长度为 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ (放千斤顶侧长度为 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 左右,另外一侧为 $0 \sim {150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ )。 经测算, 3 处调节装置共同作用下, 可适用于各种宽度基坑。
2) 对施工误差的适应性。钢管支撑、U型卡槽、 预埋件等工厂加工的钢结构构件, 其精度能够满足要求。冠梁预埋件的预埋, 考虑现场施工, 且有混凝土振捣时的振动影响, 施工精度控制难度较大。支撑与 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽之间无精确固定的竖向关系,预埋件预埋的竖向误差可通过支撑与预埋件的相对高度调节。横向误差可通过钢支撑端节端板与 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽之间的空隙及 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽端板上的长椭圆螺栓孔消化; 同时,钢支撑端节端板和 $\mathrm{U}$ 型卡槽 $\mathrm{L}$ 型挡板开口为倒梯形, 可减小支撑吊装施工时的定位难度, 如 图 11 所示。
以支撑长度 ${20}\mathrm{\;m}$ 、混凝土支撑间距 $9\mathrm{\;m}$ 、钢支撑间距 $6\mathrm{\;m}$ 为例估算,可拉压预应力钢支撑与传统钢支撑造价基本相当,比混凝土支撑低 20%~30%(材料价格变动时, 造价降低幅度会微调), 具体见 表 5
可拉压预应力钢支撑可代替首道混凝土支撑用于地铁等基坑工程中,如 图 12 所示,预期效果如下。
1) 能同时满足一般工况下的支撑受压需求和极端工况下的支撑受拉需求, 保证基坑支护达到采用首道混凝土支撑时的安全水平。
2) 可施加预加轴力, 实现对围护结构的主动支撑, 提高基坑变形控制能力。
3) 压力传递路径上无活络头等易滑移构件, 避免支撑使用过程中的轴力损失。
4) 采用装配式钢结构, 制作、安装、拆除方便, 可回收重复使用, 几乎不产生建筑垃圾。
本文研发了可拉压预应力钢支撑, 并对其进行了技术经济评价,主要研究结论如下。
1) 可拉压预应力钢支撑的抗压承载力与传统钢支撑相同,与混凝土支撑相当,且不存在支撑轴力损失;抗拉性能和支撑刚度与混凝土支撑相当,优于传统钢支撑。
2) 可拉压预应力钢支撑施工便捷性与传统钢支撑相当,优于混凝土支撑。
3) 可拉压预应力钢支撑造价与传统钢支撑相当, 比混凝土支撑低 20%~30%。
4) 可拉压预应力钢支撑可回收重复使用, 几乎不产生建筑垃圾。
5) 理论研究结果表明: 可拉压预应力钢支撑替代首道混凝土支撑应用于明挖基坑, 在保证技术性能的同时, 能产生更好的经济效益和社会效益。后续需要进一步通过试验验证和工程实践积累监测数据及施工经验。
  • 山西省重点研发计划(201703D121031)
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2024年第37卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.014
  • 接收时间:2023-01-09
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-09
  • 修回日期:2023-11-06
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山西省重点研发计划(201703D121031)
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    北京城建信捷轨道交通工程咨询有限公司 北京 100045
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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