Article(id=1149744591022244856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590489568247, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693843200000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-05, revisedDate=1703088000000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050071720, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050071720, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050071720, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050071720, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149744590489568247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='145', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050071594, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780157843, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001098214068362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590489568247, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001098214068363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590489568247, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=22, endPage=28, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149744591185822714, articleId=1149744591022244856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=IFC-based BIM Component Standard Library for Rail Transit Engineering, columnId=1152669340382966151, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Forum of Rapid Rail Transit, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Considering the drawbacks of inconsistent building information modeling (BIM) methods and nonstandard information in rail transit engineering, it is difficult to effectively and uniformly use BIM model data. Therefore, the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)based BIM component standard library for rail transit engineering was studied. First, the component types, IFC expression of component information, and IFCbased extensibility mechanisms were studied according to the expression requirements of rail transit engineering components. Second, the technology framework of the BIM component standard library for rail transit engineering was proposed, including basic, technical, application, and user layers. Third, the classification and code method in the national standard was used to define the classification and code of these BIM components, and a component information template was proposed to define the component properties and their resource links. Finally, encryption and decryption methods for the BIM component model were applied to ensure the security of the BIM model data. The results showed that the proposed unified BIM component library enabled project participants to use standardized BIM component models to create a project model for rail transit engineering, ensuring the standardization of BIM models.

, correspAuthors=Minggang BAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Minggang BAI, Gang ZHOU, Huahui LAI, Yuandong YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149744595451428979, articleId=1149744591022244856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=基于IFC的轨道交通BIM构件标准库研究, columnId=1152669340680761737, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=快轨论坛, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对轨道交通工程的建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)建模方法不统一、信息不规范,导致 BIM 模型数据难以在后期有效统一应用的弊端,研究基于工业基础类(industry foundation classes,IFC)标准 的轨道交通 BIM构件标准库。首先,根据轨道交通工程各专业构件的表达需求,研究构件类型、构件信息的IFC 表达,以及适配 IFC 标准的扩展机制;其次,提出轨道交通 BIM 构件标准库技术框架,主要包括基础数据层、技 术支撑层、应用场景层、用户层;然后,采用国家标准的分类编码方法定义轨道交通各专业BIM构件的分类编 码,设计了构件信息模板,规范各专业构件的属性信息及其资源链接方式;最后,研究BIM 构件模型的加解密方 法,以保障轨道交通工程 BIM 模型数据的安全性。研究结果表明,通过搭建统一的BIM 构件标准库,能够促进 参建方采用标准化的BIM构件模型创建轨道交通 BIM项目模型,保障BIM模型的规范性。

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白明刚,男,本科,高级工程师,主要从事轨道交通项目管理和技术研究等,

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白明刚,男,本科,高级工程师,主要从事轨道交通项目管理和技术研究等,

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名称 国家 概况 构件模型格式
NBS National BIM Library 英国 超过 150 类构件, 近 400 个品牌, 共 1.1 万多个构件, 构件符 合 NBS BIM Object 标准的要求 Revit、Vectorworks、Bentley ArchiCAD、IFC 等
BIMobject 瑞典 包含 22 大类 10 万余个构件, 入驻品牌 2 200 多个 Revit、Allplan、IFC 等
National Object Library 澳大利亚 由制造商根据属性模板定义产品信息,考虑不同模型精细度 (level of detail, LOD)的分类等级 Revit、Rhino、ArchiCAD
住房和城乡建设产品 BIM 大型数据库 中国 划分建筑、结构、暖通、市政等类别,约 1.8 万个构件 Revit、FBX、ArchiCAD
构件坞 中国 包括建筑、结构、暖通、给排水等,共 3.2 万多个构件,构件 深度为 LOD 100 ~ LOD 500 Revit、SketchUp
族库大师 中国 基于互联网和 Revit 软件的公共/企业 BIM 云构件族分享平台 Revit
), ArticleFig(id=1154040329285133181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744591022244856, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=国内外 BIM 构件库概况, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 国家 概况 构件模型格式
NBS National BIM Library 英国 超过 150 类构件, 近 400 个品牌, 共 1.1 万多个构件, 构件符 合 NBS BIM Object 标准的要求 Revit、Vectorworks、Bentley ArchiCAD、IFC 等
BIMobject 瑞典 包含 22 大类 10 万余个构件, 入驻品牌 2 200 多个 Revit、Allplan、IFC 等
National Object Library 澳大利亚 由制造商根据属性模板定义产品信息,考虑不同模型精细度 (level of detail, LOD)的分类等级 Revit、Rhino、ArchiCAD
住房和城乡建设产品 BIM 大型数据库 中国 划分建筑、结构、暖通、市政等类别,约 1.8 万个构件 Revit、FBX、ArchiCAD
构件坞 中国 包括建筑、结构、暖通、给排水等,共 3.2 万多个构件,构件 深度为 LOD 100 ~ LOD 500 Revit、SketchUp
族库大师 中国 基于互联网和 Revit 软件的公共/企业 BIM 云构件族分享平台 Revit
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基于IFC的轨道交通BIM构件标准库研究
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白明刚 1 , 周刚 2 , 赖华辉 2 , 杨远栋 2
都市快轨交通 | 快轨论坛 2024,37(2): 22-28
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都市快轨交通 | 快轨论坛 2024, 37(2): 22-28
基于IFC的轨道交通BIM构件标准库研究
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白明刚1 , 周刚2, 赖华辉2, 杨远栋2
作者信息
  • 1 深圳铁路投资建设集团有限公司 广东深圳 518026
  • 2 深圳市市政设计研究院有限公司 广东深圳 518029
  • 白明刚,男,本科,高级工程师,主要从事轨道交通项目管理和技术研究等,

IFC-based BIM Component Standard Library for Rail Transit Engineering
Minggang BAI1 , Gang ZHOU2, Huahui LAI2, Yuandong YANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Shenzhen Railway Investment & Construction Group Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Guangdong 518026
  • 2 Shenzhen Municipal Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Guangdong 518029
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.004
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针对轨道交通工程的建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)建模方法不统一、信息不规范,导致 BIM 模型数据难以在后期有效统一应用的弊端,研究基于工业基础类(industry foundation classes,IFC)标准 的轨道交通 BIM构件标准库。首先,根据轨道交通工程各专业构件的表达需求,研究构件类型、构件信息的IFC 表达,以及适配 IFC 标准的扩展机制;其次,提出轨道交通 BIM 构件标准库技术框架,主要包括基础数据层、技 术支撑层、应用场景层、用户层;然后,采用国家标准的分类编码方法定义轨道交通各专业BIM构件的分类编 码,设计了构件信息模板,规范各专业构件的属性信息及其资源链接方式;最后,研究BIM 构件模型的加解密方 法,以保障轨道交通工程 BIM 模型数据的安全性。研究结果表明,通过搭建统一的BIM 构件标准库,能够促进 参建方采用标准化的BIM构件模型创建轨道交通 BIM项目模型,保障BIM模型的规范性。

轨道交通  /  构件库  /  建筑信息模型(BIM)  /  工业基础类(IFC)

Considering the drawbacks of inconsistent building information modeling (BIM) methods and nonstandard information in rail transit engineering, it is difficult to effectively and uniformly use BIM model data. Therefore, the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)based BIM component standard library for rail transit engineering was studied. First, the component types, IFC expression of component information, and IFCbased extensibility mechanisms were studied according to the expression requirements of rail transit engineering components. Second, the technology framework of the BIM component standard library for rail transit engineering was proposed, including basic, technical, application, and user layers. Third, the classification and code method in the national standard was used to define the classification and code of these BIM components, and a component information template was proposed to define the component properties and their resource links. Finally, encryption and decryption methods for the BIM component model were applied to ensure the security of the BIM model data. The results showed that the proposed unified BIM component library enabled project participants to use standardized BIM component models to create a project model for rail transit engineering, ensuring the standardization of BIM models.

rail transit engineering  /  component library  /  building information modeling (BIM)  /  industry foundation classes (IFC)
白明刚, 周刚, 赖华辉, 杨远栋. 基于IFC的轨道交通BIM构件标准库研究. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (2) : 22 -28 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.004
Minggang BAI, Gang ZHOU, Huahui LAI, Yuandong YANG. IFC-based BIM Component Standard Library for Rail Transit Engineering[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (2) : 22 -28 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.004
截至 2022 年底,中国大陆地区共有 55 个城市开通城市轨道交通运营线路,总长度 ${10287.45}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,在实施的建设规划线路总长6 675.57 km[1] 。作为城市建设的基础设施, 轨道交通项目涉及建筑、结构、通风空调、给排水、站台门等多个专业,为保证项目协调性, 各专业之间需高效协同作业,由于轨道交通项目沿线各种外部接口繁杂, 需做好各专业之间的数据传递。近年来,在相关政策支持下 [ 2 - 3 ] ,建筑信息模型(building information modeling, BIM)技术已广泛应用于轨道交通领域, 很多轨道交通企业均采用 BIM 技术开展全过程的应用和管理 [ 4 ] 。然而,各单位创建 BIM 模型的方式不同,数据成果不统一 [ 5 ] ,构建的 BIM 模型在外观呈现、几何表达、属性信息等方面存在较大差异,导致下游人员难以统一使用 BIM 模型数据, 降低了 BIM 应用的价值。
构件是工程项目的基本组成单元。大多数构件模型是可重复利用的 [ 6 ] ,通过 BIM 构件库可以有效降低重复的建模工作 [ 7 ] ,提高建模效率,促进 BIM 模型在全过程之间的有效传递。因此, 有必要针对轨道交通应用需求搭建标准化、参数化的 BIM 构件标准库。考虑 BIM 数据通用性, 本文研究基于工业基础类(industry foundation classes, IFC)的轨道交通 BIM 构件标准库。
为提升 BIM 建模效率, 相关企业学者针对不同工程类型的特点和要求, 研发了相关的 BIM 构件库。但晨等 [ 8 ] 提出了公路桥梁构件的参数化创建方法,依托 Revit 软件建立桥梁标准构件库。谢先当等 [ 9 ] 采用构件装配、面向对象的设计思路、参数可变等方式, 基于 Bentley 平台二次开发, 搭建铁路路基参数化构件库。 刘苗苗等 [ 10 ] 根据装配式部品部件库的分类方式,按照相关装配式构件的设计要求, 建立部品部件的 BIM 模型数据库和管理系统。同时, 国内外相关机构和软件厂商也搭建了 BIM 构件库, 并推广应用在实际项目中, 以供工程项目各参建单位使用, 相关情况如 表 1 所示。
通过国内外 BIM 构件库的调研分析, 现阶段 BIM 构件库包含的 BIM 构件模型较丰富, 并可以支持不同格式的 BIM 模型数据, 但目前仍存在一些问题。例如, 现阶段的 BIM 构件库主要针对某一款或几款软件, 构件产品数据格式缺乏通用性和开放性, 虽然已有相关学者开始探索研究基于 IFC 的 BIM 构件库 [ 11 - 12 ] ,但数量规模相对较少。此外, 目前的 BIM 构件库主要聚焦民建领域, 在轨道交通等市政基础设施领域还相对缺乏,不能覆盖轨道交通领域众多专业的 BIM 建模需求。
为保证 BIM 构件库的通用性, 本文提出采用 IFC 标准搭建轨道交通 BIM 构件标准库, 并根据轨道交通工程各专业特点, 采用 IFC 标准进行构件单元的数据映射与表达,实现 BIM 构件模型在轨道交通工程信息模型的参数化创建与规范化应用。
在数据格式方面, 轨道交通不仅包含车站、车辆基地等单体建筑工程类型, 还包含区间等线性工程类型。目前, 国内主要采用 Revit、Bentley 等软件创建轨道交通 BIM 模型。为保证 BIM 构件标准库的通用性, 本文采用通用数据标准 IFC 作为数据底座, 研究 BIM 构件模型数据存储与表达方法。采用 IFC 标准作为数据存储和表达格式, 不仅满足 Revit、Bentley 等软件的使用, 也支持其他可解析 IFC 标准的 BIM 建模软件。根据 buildingSMART 联盟的统计, 目前有 Revit、ArchiCAD、 Tekla Structures 等多款软件支持 IFC 数据的导入导出 [ 13 ]
在专业划分方面, 轨道交通工程专业众多, 按照不同的分类方法, 专业划分略有差异。考虑轨道交通工程 BIM 模型的最终目的是交付至运营运维使用, 即 “以终为始”,本文以运营运维的需求为导向,针对轨道交通工程特点进行专业分类, 以保证轨道交通工程各专业设施设备按照一定规则进行归类和管理。参考国家标准《城市轨道交通设施设备分类与代码》(GB/T 37486-2019) 的划分方法,将轨道交通划分为线路、 车辆、给水与排水、自动售检票系统、站内客运设备等 20 多个专业门类。
在管理流程方面, 搭建 BIM 构件标准库前, 根据 BIM 构件库的管理需求, 研究构件库管理流程, 以规范化 BIM 构件标准库的使用。各工程人员可使用不同的 BIM 软件创建 BIM 构件模型, 导出 IFC 数据格式, 并上传至 BIM 构件标准库, 经审核通过的 BIM 构件模型入库存储。经 IFC 数据解析, BIM 构件标准库根据轨道交通工程各专业分类存储 BIM 构件模型, 按照 IFC 标准关于几何尺寸、属性信息、颜色外观、空间关系等表达, 存储至数据库。用户可从 BIM 构件标准库下载 BIM 构件模型, 导入 BIM 软件后进行模型创建。具体的管理流程如 图 1 所示。
根据 图 1 的 BIM 构件标准库管理流程, 应考虑 BIM 构件模型在上传构件库、构件库管理、 项目应用等方面的需求, 因此, 研究提出轨道交通 BIM 构件标准库, 其总体框架可分为 4 个层次,如 图 2 所示。
1) 基础数据层: 主要包括各 BIM 软件导出的构件 IFC 模型数据。除 IFC 模型数据外, 为保证 BIM 构件模型在轨道交通工程全过程的应用, 将各专业构件涉及的图纸、技术手册等资料一并上传, 构建以 IFC 数据资源为核心的集成相关管理资源的构件数据集。
2) 技术支撑层: IFC 构件及其他管理资源上传至 BIM 构件标准库后, 研究实现 BIM 构件模型全过程管理的技术模块, 根据第 2.1 节的管理需求, 设置构件分类管理、构件属性管理、 流程审批管理、构件数据检索、构件资料匹配等模块。
3) 应用场景层: 轨道交通工程各参与方通过使用 BIM构件标准库中标准化的构件模型, 辅助快速建模, 推动基于统一标准的协同建模,进而开展工程量计算、 进度模拟、施工模拟、资产管理等场景应用。
4) 用户层:建设、设计、施工、设备厂商、运营等单位可在授权的条件下使用轨道交通 BIM 构件标准库。
为保证轨道交通工程各专业 BIM 构件模型在构件标准库的有效存储和使用,基于 IFC 标准研究 BIM 构件模型各类信息资源的表达, 按照数据库的形式进行分类存储。
IFC 标准的分享层和领域层包含了各专业的实体对象,最新的 IFC 标准版本为 IFC4.3.1.0 [ 15 ] ,其中,实体(Entities)共 876 个、属性集(Property Sets)共 640 个、 类型(Types)共 436 个, 基本可满足建设工程各专业构件的 IFC 表达需求。对于未定义的 IFC 对象类型, 一般采用代理实体(IfcBuildingElementProxy)表达。但轨道交通工程包含大量的专业设施设备, 需进一步研究基于 IFC 标准的扩展方法。
BIM 构件模型可承载大量信息, 结合 IFC 标准关于不同信息的表达方法, IFC 标准的资源层定义了几何、拓扑、材料、成本、属性等不同资源(Resource)。 鉴于此, 依据轨道交通工程各业务场景的需求, 在 BIM 构件标准库中划分为基本信息、几何外观信息、空间位置信息、关系信息、材料信息、属性信息等,如 图 3 所示。对于专业设施设备中大量的自定义属性信息, 可通过 图 3 的属性信息 IfcPropertySet 表达, 采用 “属性名称-属性值”的结构进行定义。
轨道交通工程包含大量的专业化设施设备, 而 IFC 标准前期主要针对建筑工程, 在市政基础设施等方面的表达还比较欠缺。IFC 标准从 IFC4.1 版本开始向市政基础设施领域拓展, 在 IFC4.1 版本中新增 IfcAlignment 实体, 用于描述线性基础设施工程的路线信息;在 IFC4.2 版本中, 增加了 IfcBridge 和 IfcBridgepart 表示桥梁和桥梁部分, 更好地支持了 IFC 标准对桥梁工程的表达;IFC4.3 版本则进一步补充完善关于基础设施的表达, 新增 Rail Domain、Road Domain 等领域层, 其中, Rail Domain 设置有 IfcRail、IfcRailway、 IfcRailwayPart、IfcTrackElement 等实体。近年来, 相关学者研究了电网工程 [ 16 ] 、水利工程 [ 17 ] 等其他领域的 IFC 扩展方法。为满足轨道交通工程各专业设施设备的 IFC 表达,可在 IFC 标准的框架上扩展各专业设施设备实体。
为保证 IFC 标准架构的稳定性, 可在 IFC4.3 标准的 Rail Domain 领域层扩展新增轨道交通工程的专业设施设备, 而在通用的专业领域层中扩展一般性的设施设备。以轨道板的扩展为例, 本文将轨道板定义为 IfcTrackBoard 实体(新增实体),作为子类添加至父类 IfcTrackElement 实体。首先进行类型定义, 通过 IfcTrackBoardTypeEnum 描述不同的轨道板类型, 然后进行实体定义, 如 图 4 所示, 实体定义需提供该实体可能具备的约束关系。
ENTITY IfcTrackBoard
SUBTYPE OF (IfcTrackElement); PredefinedType
OPTIONAL IfcTrackBoardTypeEnum
 
WHERE CorrectPredefinedType: NOT(EXISTS(PredefinedType)) OR (PredefinedType <inline-formula>></inline-formula> IfcTrackBoardTypeEnum USERDEFINED) OR ((PredefinedType = IfcTrackBoardTypeEnum.USERDEFINED) AND EXISTS (SELF\\IfcObject.ObjectType)); CorrectTypeAssigned:
(SIZEOF(IsTypedBy)
图 4 扩展的 IfcTrackBoard 实体表达
Figure 4 Expression of the extended IfcTrackBoard entity
结合轨道交通工程的数据特点, 进一步研发轨道交通 BIM 构件标准库。在项目应用中为保证 BIM 构件模型的有效、安全使用, 需解决轨道交通分类编码、 加密解密和信息模板等问题。
轨道交通包含多种专业设施设备, 为保证 BIM 模型在设计、施工、运营全生命周期的统一应用, 应建立统一的分类编码标准, 并符合国家、行业现行的有关 BIM 分类编码体系要求, 以保证轨道交通 BIM 模型与建筑、道路、桥梁等其他工程 BIM 模型在编码上的有效对接。
本文按照文献[ 14 ]的构件分类方法进行类型划分, 并根据 IFC 数据语义, 配置编码映射关系。当用户上传 IFC 格式的 BIM 构件模型时, 系统根据内嵌的分类编码规则附加编码, 保证编码的唯一性、规范性。
轨道交通是城市建设和发展的重要基础设施, 涉及大量敏感数据。在建设、运营过程中涉及多单位、 多专业、多系统, 轨道交通工程 BIM 数据安全是实施 $\mathrm{{BIM}}$ 应用的关键。因此, BIM 构件标准库在存储、发布、应用等环节,需针对不同维度要求进行 BIM 构件模型加解密, 主要包括内容级别和文件级别的加解密。
在内容级别加密中, 可针对 BIM 构件模型的关键信息进行加密。例如, 位置信息加密、参数化几何尺寸固化、外部文档链接加密等。在文件级别加密中, 主要针对整个 BIM 构件模型文件的加密。BIM 构件模型的解密要求与加密类似, 只有经过授权的用户, 才能对加密的构件进行解密申请。同时, 在 BIM 构件标准库的日常管理中, 只有经过授权的用户, 才能够下载使用相应的 BIM 构件模型。
随着 BIM 技术的不断发展, 以及轨道交通工程全生命周期各业务应用需求的深化, BIM 构件模型所承载的信息越来越多。为保证 BIM 构件标准库的可持续应用, 在 BIM 构件标准库中配置可扩展的 BIM 构件信息资源模板。当需要增加新的信息时, 按照既定模板的规则进行扩展。根据现阶段轨道交通工程各业务应用的信息资源需求,并依据国家相关 BIM 标准 [ 18 - 19 ] 关于属性信息的定义, 信息资源模板应包括身份信息、 定位信息、技术信息等,如 图 5 所示。对于图纸、技术手册等非结构化资源, 将提供链接方式关联构件模型, 充分保障构件要素的全生命周期管理。
根据 2.1 提及的轨道交通工程 BIM 应用需求, 以及相关功能模块要求, 基于 IFC 标准研发轨道交通 BIM 构件标准库, 如 图 6 所示。当 IFC 格式的 BIM 构件模型上传至 BIM 构件标准库时, 根据构件标准库的分类体系进行分类存储, 对于未定义的 IFC 实体对象, 根据扩展机制, 映射至专项的 IFC 实体。构件标准库将根据内嵌的分类编码配置对 IFC 构件进行赋码。用户可使用授权账号进行 BIM 构件模型的查览、下载。目前构件标准库下载的构件模型数据格式为 IFC, 需在使用软件中转换为自身的软件格式进行使用。
本文采用 IFC 标准作为 BIM 构件标准库的数据底座,研发了轨道交通 BIM 构件标准库,得到如下结论:
1) 结合 BIM 构件应用需求, 提出 BIM 构件标准库总体框架, 包含基础数据层、技术支撑层、应用场景层和用户层。
2) 针对轨道交通项目特点, 分析各专业对象及其信息的 IFC 表达, 并提出 IFC 扩展方法, 解决 IFC 标准在轨道交通领域表达不足的问题。
3) 实现了 BIM 构件模型在 BIM 构件标准库中的自动分类编码、加密解密、信息模板配置。
基于通用数据标准 IFC 的 BIM 技术应用是未来的发展趋势, 下一步需深化研究 BIM 构件模型 IFC 数据的优化算法, 保证 BIM 构件模型数据表达的高效性, 以及不同 BIM 软件使用 IFC 构件模型的可实施性。
  • 住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划项目(2020-K-136)
  • 中国城市轨道交通协会科研重点专项课题(CAMET-KY-2022122)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.02.004
  • 接收时间:2023-09-05
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-05
  • 修回日期:2023-12-21
基金
住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划项目(2020-K-136)
中国城市轨道交通协会科研重点专项课题(CAMET-KY-2022122)
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    1 深圳铁路投资建设集团有限公司 广东深圳 518026
    2 深圳市市政设计研究院有限公司 广东深圳 518029
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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