Article(id=1149744611540774944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590036583414, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.01.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1681747200000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-18, revisedDate=1697731200000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050076613, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050076613, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050076613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050076613, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149744590036583414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050071486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780168039, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001141138575501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590036583414, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001141138575502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590036583414, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=135, endPage=137, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149744612752928828, articleId=1149744611540774944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Assessing the Effects of Shallow-Buried Rectangular Pipe Jacking on Nearby Pipelines and Ground Surface Stability, columnId=1152669336394183038, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Civil Engineering Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Groundsurface deformation characteristics caused by jacked rectangular pipes differ from those caused by jacked circular pipes or shield tunnels. The groundsettlement characteristics during the construction of a shallowburied rectangular jacked pipe and its impact on the existing shield tunnel below the jacked pipe were clarified. Using the onsite monitoring results from jacked rectangular pipe construction, the deformation patterns of the ground surface during jacked rectangular pipe construction and the deformation of the existing shield tunnel below the jacked pipe were analyzed. The traditional Peck formula was applied to circular pipejacking and circular shield tunnels; the improved Peck formula was used to describe the surface deformation caused by rectangular pipejacking. The surface deformation, pipeline deformation, and settlement pattern of the submerged tunnel caused by jacked pipes were analyzed based on field monitoring. The results show that the improved Peck formula can describe surface deformation caused by jacked rectangular pipes more accurately than the traditional Peck formula. The settlement patterns of the surface and pipeline caused by jacked pipes were consistent; however, there were differences in the settlement patterns of the underlying tunnel.

, correspAuthors=Mei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhonghui HAN, Mei WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149744645816627582, articleId=1149744611540774944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=CN, title=浅埋矩形顶管施工对临近管线与地表的影响研究, columnId=1152669336603898239, journalTitle=都市快轨交通, columnName=土建技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

矩形顶管施工引起的地表变形特征与圆形顶管或盾构隧道存在显著差异。为了明确浅埋矩形顶管施工过程中的地表沉降特征以及顶管施工对下方既有盾构隧道的影响,根据现场矩形顶管施工监测结果,分析矩形顶管施工过程中地表的变形规律,以及顶管下方既有盾构隧道的变形情况。传统的Peck 公式适用于圆形顶管或圆形盾构隧道,因此采用改进的 Peck 公式来描述矩形顶管引起的地表变形特征;根据现场监测分析顶管施工引起的地表变形、管线变形和下卧隧道沉降规律。研究表明:改进的Peck 公式相比于传统的Peck公式可以准确描述矩形顶管施工引起的地表变形规律;顶管施工引起地表和上方管线的沉降规律是一致的,但与下卧隧道的变形规律存在显著差别。

, correspAuthors=王梅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王梅,女,博士,副教授,从事岩土体力学特性及地下工程施工方法研究,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=18QrlgiEjApWP45HY4Lhzg==, magXml=/6s2FBLz/x05A8aghM/cnw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=GwkBZBarakf2oIQSSAkI5Q==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=eJ/1cSPCOtaFnu5pViAZbQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

韩仲慧,男,学士,高级工程师,从事盾构隧道与顶管施工方法研究,

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韩仲慧,男,学士,高级工程师,从事盾构隧道与顶管施工方法研究,

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韩仲慧,男,学士,高级工程师,从事盾构隧道与顶管施工方法研究,

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膨润土/kg 纯碱/% CMC/% 漏斗黏度/s 黏度/MPa·s
$8 \sim {12}$ $3 \sim 6$ 1.5 ~ 2 36~42 30.5
失水量/ml 终切力/ ${10}^{-8}\;\mathrm{{kPa}}$ 比重 含矿率1% 稳定性
$9 \sim {12.5}$ 130 1.1 ~1.6 $\leq 3$ 静置 ${24}\mathrm{\;h}$ 无离析水
), ArticleFig(id=1154040130898747431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744611540774944, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=触变泥浆配方与性能指标, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
膨润土/kg 纯碱/% CMC/% 漏斗黏度/s 黏度/MPa·s
$8 \sim {12}$ $3 \sim 6$ 1.5 ~ 2 36~42 30.5
失水量/ml 终切力/ ${10}^{-8}\;\mathrm{{kPa}}$ 比重 含矿率1% 稳定性
$9 \sim {12.5}$ 130 1.1 ~1.6 $\leq 3$ 静置 ${24}\mathrm{\;h}$ 无离析水
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浅埋矩形顶管施工对临近管线与地表的影响研究
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韩仲慧 1 , 王梅 2
都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024,37(1): 135-137
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都市快轨交通 | 土建技术 2024, 37(1): 135-137
浅埋矩形顶管施工对临近管线与地表的影响研究
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韩仲慧1 , 王梅2
作者信息
  • 1 中铁十四局集团第二工程有限公司 山东泰安 271021
  • 2 太原理工大学 矿业工程学院 太原 030024
  • 韩仲慧,男,学士,高级工程师,从事盾构隧道与顶管施工方法研究,

通讯作者:

王梅,女,博士,副教授,从事岩土体力学特性及地下工程施工方法研究,
Assessing the Effects of Shallow-Buried Rectangular Pipe Jacking on Nearby Pipelines and Ground Surface Stability
Zhonghui HAN1 , Mei WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 China Railway 14th Bureau Group Second Engineering Co., Ltd. Tai'an Shandong 271021
  • 2 School of Mining Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.01.021
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矩形顶管施工引起的地表变形特征与圆形顶管或盾构隧道存在显著差异。为了明确浅埋矩形顶管施工过程中的地表沉降特征以及顶管施工对下方既有盾构隧道的影响,根据现场矩形顶管施工监测结果,分析矩形顶管施工过程中地表的变形规律,以及顶管下方既有盾构隧道的变形情况。传统的Peck 公式适用于圆形顶管或圆形盾构隧道,因此采用改进的 Peck 公式来描述矩形顶管引起的地表变形特征;根据现场监测分析顶管施工引起的地表变形、管线变形和下卧隧道沉降规律。研究表明:改进的Peck 公式相比于传统的Peck公式可以准确描述矩形顶管施工引起的地表变形规律;顶管施工引起地表和上方管线的沉降规律是一致的,但与下卧隧道的变形规律存在显著差别。

城市轨道交通  /  矩形顶管  /  地表沉降  /  既有隧道  /  改进 Peck 公式

Groundsurface deformation characteristics caused by jacked rectangular pipes differ from those caused by jacked circular pipes or shield tunnels. The groundsettlement characteristics during the construction of a shallowburied rectangular jacked pipe and its impact on the existing shield tunnel below the jacked pipe were clarified. Using the onsite monitoring results from jacked rectangular pipe construction, the deformation patterns of the ground surface during jacked rectangular pipe construction and the deformation of the existing shield tunnel below the jacked pipe were analyzed. The traditional Peck formula was applied to circular pipejacking and circular shield tunnels; the improved Peck formula was used to describe the surface deformation caused by rectangular pipejacking. The surface deformation, pipeline deformation, and settlement pattern of the submerged tunnel caused by jacked pipes were analyzed based on field monitoring. The results show that the improved Peck formula can describe surface deformation caused by jacked rectangular pipes more accurately than the traditional Peck formula. The settlement patterns of the surface and pipeline caused by jacked pipes were consistent; however, there were differences in the settlement patterns of the underlying tunnel.

urban rail transit  /  rectangular pipe-jacking  /  ground settlement  /  existing tunnel  /  modity Peck formula
韩仲慧, 王梅. 浅埋矩形顶管施工对临近管线与地表的影响研究. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (1) : 135 -137 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.01.021
Zhonghui HAN, Mei WANG. Assessing the Effects of Shallow-Buried Rectangular Pipe Jacking on Nearby Pipelines and Ground Surface Stability[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (1) : 135 -137 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.01.021
顶管法是一种不影响地面交通的暗挖施工工艺, 通过盾构刀盘切削前方土体, 液压油缸推动顶管向前可以做到开挖与支护同步进行, 极大地降低因土方开挖对地表及地下管线的扰动。方良勇等。以北京地铁 7 号线下穿既有 10 号线双井站为工程研究背景, 采用数值模拟的方法优化了中隔壁法(CRD)开挖施工工艺, 确定了隧道开挖的预加固长度和范围; 张晓丽 [ 2 ] 以崇文门站穿越既有盾构隧道为研究背景, 提出了盾构穿越新建结构与既有结构的合理间距;郭延辉等 [ 3 ] 以楚雄一攀枝花天然气管道穿越 G5 京昆高速工程为例, 分析了顶管下穿施工引起顶管结构、管涵围岩以及高速公路路基、路面的变形规律和受力特征;王梅等 [ 4 ] 以密排圆形顶管为研究背景, 研究了密排顶管施工的地表变形规律以及相邻顶管施工的相互支挡作用, 采用了改进的 Peck 公式可以很好地描述相邻顶管支挡引起的地表变形特征;魏纲等 [ 5 ] 采用 Peck 公式来计算顶管施工引起既有管线的变形情况; 张林 [ 6 ] 以呼和浩特地铁 2 号线盾构隧道下穿人行过街通道工程为研究背景, 采用 Peck 公式拟合的方式得到圆形双线盾构引起的地表变形计算方法; 苏江川 [ 7 ] 对大断面类矩形顶管的受力及地表沉降规律进行研究,结果表明顶管掌子面前方士休合出现一定的隆起,王洪德等[ 8 ]采用有限差分软件FLAC ${}^{3\mathrm{D}}$ 分析了顶管与隧道正交工况,研究表明顶管在下方与隧道正交时对周围管线的影响较大; 李小彤等 [ 9 ] 以太原地铁 2 号线长风街站为研究背景,提出了土体弹性模量 $E$ 与黏聚力 $C$ 的反演方法, 从而提高地表沉降预测精度。
目前圆形顶管或盾构隧道引起的地表沉降可以采用 Peck 公式来计算, 但是缺乏大断面矩形顶管施工引起的地表变形计算方法。本工程顶管的埋深为 ${5.37}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 距离地表较近而与下卧隧道最小距离为 ${0.73}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。浅埋顶管施工对地表的影响以及近距离穿越既有隧道的变形规律尚不清楚。因此, 本研究以太原地铁 2 号线学府街站地下通道矩形顶管工程为研究背景, 分析大断面矩形顶管施工引起的地表变形、地下管线变形及下卧隧道的变形规律。
太原地铁 2 号线学府街站附属结构矩形通道长度为 ${38.6}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,矩形顶管顶部埋深为 ${5.37}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,属于浅埋矩形顶管。矩形通道 $4\mathrm{\;B}$ 出入口位于车站北侧,东西向布置, 通道东端设置顶管接收井, 西端设置顶管始发井, 图 1 为学府街站总平面。矩形顶管采用预制管节, 标准管节宽度为 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,接口采用 $\mathrm{F}$ 型承插,顶管顶板、 底板和侧墙厚度均为 ${0.45}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。设计通道尺寸为 ${6.9}\mathrm{\;m}\times$ ${4.9}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,通道净空为 $6\mathrm{\;m}\times 4\mathrm{\;m}$图 2 为顶管与管线的相对位置。车站所处地层自上而下分别为杂填土、黏质粉土、粉质黏土、砂土,地下水位埋深范围 5.0~6.3 m。
顶管的基本流程是通过电机驱动带动刀盘旋转, 刀盘切削掌子面并将切削下来的泥土在泥土仓内形成可流动泥团, 通过螺旋出土器控制排土量来平衡土压力和地下水压力。 图 3 为矩形顶管施工现场, 本工程矩形顶管机刀盘采用前后组合六刀盘, 其中分为直径 ${2800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 后刀盘(中上、左下、右下)和直径 ${2400}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 前刀盘(左上、中下、右上),断面切削率为 91%。矩形顶管机外形尺寸为 ${5600}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {6920}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {4920}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ (长×宽×高)。
图 4 为顶管施工的工艺流程, 顶管施工主要分以下 4 步。
第 1 步:开挖顶管始发并与接收井。一方面为顶管机的安装与撤离场地提供足够的空间, 另一方面是始发井需要提供足够的反力以确保顶管可以顺利推进。
第 2 步:始发井与接收井周围土体加固。由于顶管始发与顶管接收会对周围环境产生较大的影响, 因此采用小导管注浆的方式对始发井与接收井附近土体进行加固。加固范围为接收井、始发井周围 $2\mathrm{\;m}$ 土体, 注浆加固土体的无侧限抗压强度为 ${0.85}\mathrm{{MPa}}$ ,加固区土体比原状土无侧限抗压强度提高 ${0.45}\mathrm{{MPa}}$
第 3 步:顶管施工。通过安装在始发井的液压系统提供足够的推力,推动管片向前推动。
第 4 步:触变泥浆减阻,顶管过程中为了降低阻力, 在顶管与周围土体的建筑间隙注入触变泥浆, 降低顶管与周围土体的摩擦力。泥浆通过注浆机经管道输送至钢管顶部的注浆孔,注入土体形成触变泥浆套。 注入浆液为膨润土、纯碱等配成浆液(具体配方与性能指标见 表 1 )。注浆前每环管片设置 10 个直径 ${25}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的注浆孔,在顶管顶进时通过注浆管路向注浆孔内注入膨润土浆液进行润滑, 以减小推进摩阻力。
学府街站 4B 通道上方有污水管线、给水管线和天然气管线, 顶管下方存在既有地铁隧道。为了确保顶管施工对临近管线和既有地铁隧道的安全, 采用天宝 DINI03 电子精密水准仪测量顶管施工过程中管线与地表的沉降,水准仪精度为 ${0.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\pm 1\mathrm{{ppm}}$图 5 为学府街站 4B 通道矩形顶管沉降监测点布置。下穿通道每个横断面布置 5 个测点, 距通道较近测点间距为 ${3.5}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,距通道较远测点间距为 $5\mathrm{\;m}$
地下管线的测量采用直接测量法,用 ${\phi 150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 取芯机在管线正上方开挖至地下管线上方, 同时在钻孔内埋设 $\phi$ 150 mm PVC 套管,并在套管内插入直径 $\phi$ 12 mm 钢筋。预留钢筋直接反映管线的变形情况, 图 6 为直接法测量管线沉降示意。
1969 年 Peck 通过统计得到地下隧道开挖引起的地表变形计算公式, Peck 公式已被众多学者证实是可行的 [ 10 - 12 ] 。圆形顶管与圆形盾构施工的影响范围可以采用公式(1) $\sim$ (3)进行计算。圆形硐室与矩形硐室开挖对上方土体的影响范围是不同的, 因此浅埋矩形硐室土方开挖引起的地表变形规律与圆形硐室存在差异, 所以浅埋矩形顶管施工引起的地表变形仍采用 Peck 公式计算则会产生较大的误差。因为在顶管宽度内土体受开挖影响扰动程度是相同的, 所以在顶管宽度范围内地表的竖向沉降数值是相同的, 基于此对 Peck 公式进行改进, 改进后的 Peck 公式(4)顶管宽度范围内取值是恒定的, 在顶管宽度范围以外地表沉降槽更宽, 这显然与浅埋矩形硐室开挖引起的地表沉降规律是一致的。
${S}_{x}= {S}_{\max }{e}^{-\frac{{x}^{2}}{2{i}^{2}}}$
${S}_{\max }= \frac{{V}_{\text{loss }}}{i\sqrt{2\pi }}$
${V}_{\text{loss }}= {\eta \pi }{R}^{2}$
${S}_{x}= {S}_{\max }{e}^{-\frac{{\left( x -\frac{D}{2}\right)}^{2}}{2{i}^{2}}}$
式中, ${S}_{x}$ 为地表沉降量, $x$ 为监测点离顶管中轴线的水平距离, $\mathrm{m};{S}_{\max }$ 为顶管中轴线上方的最大地表沉降量, $\mathrm{m};i$ 为地表沉降槽反弯点之间的距离,黏性土中 $i$ 的取值 [ 10 ] 为: $i = k\left({H +{0.5h}}\right)$$H$ 为顶管覆土厚度, $h$ 为矩形顶管高度。黏性土中 $k$ 值的取值范围 [ 11 ] ${0.37}\sim {0.66}$ ,本文中 $k$ 的取值为 0.6,通过计算得到 $i$ 的取值为 ${4.7}\mathrm{\;m}$${V}_{\text{loss }}$ 是顶管单位长度土体体积损失量, ${\mathrm{m}}^{3}/\mathrm{m}$ ; 黏性土地区 $\eta$ 取值 [ 7 ] ${1.8}\sim {2.2}\%$ 。当 $-\frac{D}{2}\leq$ $x \leq \frac{D}{2}$ 时候, $x$ 取值恒为 $\frac{D}{2}$ ,其余参数取值与圆形顶管取值相同。
图 7 为矩形顶管施工的地表累计沉降曲线, 顶管施工时间为 ${20}\mathrm{\;d}$ 。从 图 7 (a)中可以看出,在顶管掌子面尚未达到地表变形监测点前, 随着掌子面的不断向前推进, DB1 位置处地表不断隆起, 其中顶管中轴线 DB1-3 位置处的地表隆起值最大,达到 ${15}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 左右。 掌子面通过沉降监测点截面后, 地表沉降迅速增大, 距离顶管中轴线较远的测点 DB1-01 和 DB1-05 也出现了较大的沉降, 但距离中轴线较远测点的沉降速率远小于顶管中轴线处的沉降速率。顶管掌子面远离 DB1 测点后, 地表的沉降速率开始逐渐变小, 沉降增量也明显减小,最后在经历 ${35}\mathrm{\;d}$ 左右地表沉降速率降低为 0,顶管中轴线位置稳定后的地表沉降量为 ${30}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$图 7 (b)与 7 (c)为 DB2 和 DB3 地表变形测点, 这 2 个断面的沉降曲线也是掌子面通过前地表隆起, 掌子面通过后地表产生沉降, 最后地表沉降趋于稳定。通过 3 个地表横断面沉降测点的变形特征可以发现, 顶管施工过程中不同截面的地表变形规律是一致的。
从 3 个截面地表变形监测点累计沉降曲线可以看出, 浅埋矩形顶管施工引起的地表变形可以分为 3 个阶段。第 1 阶段是地表抬升阶段, 此阶段顶管掌子面尚未到达监测点, 顶管推进过程中与周围土体的摩擦力推动土体向前运动, 引起掌子面前方土体出现隆起现象; 第 2 阶段是地表迅速下降阶段, 在此阶段顶管掌子面已经通过监测点, 测点下方土体由于自身固结以及部分土体由于摩擦原因继续沿着顶管推进, 导致地表沉降迅速增加;第 3 阶段是沉降稳定阶段, 顶管施工已经结束, 此时的沉降完全是由于顶管周围土体固结引起的。本工程引起的最终地表沉降值为 ${30}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 地表沉降量尚未超过控制值。
根据地表变形规律可知, 在顶管掌子面通过监测点后, 地表沉降经历迅速下沉与逐渐沉降, 稳定 2 个阶段。 图 8(a) 为顶管中轴线顶管切削面通过监测点后隧道中轴线的累计沉降曲线, 采用二次函数拟合的方式可以得到矩形顶管机/盾构机通过后地表的沉降计算公式, 根据施工时间可以计算出地表沉降量, 公式 (5)为沉降量与施工时间的计算公式。 图 8(b) 为根据公式(5)计算的 DB2-03 沉降监测点的沉降曲线与现场实测的沉降曲线, 可以看到拟合的公式(5)可以准确反映盾构机掌子面掘进后的地表变形规律,在掘进后 ${25}\mathrm{\;d}$ 左右地表沉降趋于稳定, 有
$ S =- {1.45t}+ {0.012}{t}^{2}$
图 9 为顶管施工过程中 DB1 和 DB2 截面地表横向变形曲线。从图中可以看到顶管掘进面尚未到达监测位置时, 顶管上方 3 个监测点 DB1-02、DB1-03 和 DB1-04 的逐渐隆起, 其中顶管中轴线测点的隆起值最大,达到了 ${14}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,但在顶管范围以外的土体出现了一定的沉降。分析这种现象的原因是顶管向前推进过程中顶管周围土体因摩擦力的缘故导致顶管周围土体沿着顶管方向移动, 土体在掌子面前方产生了不同程度的堆积, 故在顶管机推进过程中掌子面前方产生较大的隆起。当掌子面继续向前推进后土体开始重新固结, 顶管上方的土体开始逐渐沉降。顶管横截面以外区域地表因土方开挖影响, 在掌子面推进前后都产生较大的沉降。
图 9 可知, 掌子面远离沉降监测点后, 顶管范围内的地表都出现了显著的沉降, 但在矩形顶管上方的地表沉降与圆形顶管或盾构隧道存在一定的差异。 矩形顶管正上方的地表沉降值基本一致, 这与 4.1 小节理论分析结果一致, 而圆形顶管或圆形盾构引起的地表沉降曲线呈现显著的 $\mathrm{U}$ 型。通过理论分析与现场实测数据可以说明, 采用传统的 Peck 公式计算浅埋矩形顶管引起的地表沉降存在较大误差, 因此采用改进后的 Peck 公式(4)计算地表沉降量。 图 10 为改进后的 Peck 公式与未改进的 Peck 公式实测值对比曲线。从图中可知, 未改进的计算公式在顶管宽度范围内与现场实测值存在较大差异, 在顶管宽度范围以外计算值与实测值变形趋势相同,而改进的 Peck 公式与现场实测的地表横向变形曲线吻合良好。
矩形顶管上方管线密布, 其中 DN500 污水管线上方测点为 GX1, 给水管线上方测点为 GX2。DN500 污水管线埋深为 ${4.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,距离顶管上方仅有 ${0.39}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,污水管线直径为 ${700}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。给水管线埋深为 ${2.1}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,直径为 ${200}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,距离顶管上方 ${2.75}\mathrm{\;m}$ 。如 图 11 所示,管道的变形规律与地表变形规律基本一致。管线在第 1 阶段也是迅速抬升, 然后在第 2 阶段沉降迅速增加, 到第 3 阶段沉降逐渐减小, 最终沉降稳定。根据 4.2 小节可知, 顶管施工结束后顶管中轴线位置的地表沉降量最终为 ${30}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,而污水管线的最终沉降量为 ${20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 给水管线最终的沉降值为 ${18}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 。这是因为在矩形顶管施工过程中管线本身具有一定的刚度, 尤其是污水管线是采用预制混凝土管, 虽然顶管上方的土体出现了较大的沉降, 因管线的支撑作用导致污水管线与给水管线上方的沉降相对减小。
顶管下方存在既有盾构隧道,隧道外径为 ${6.2}\mathrm{\;m}$ , 顶管与左线隧道的最小埋深为 ${0.788}\mathrm{\;m}$ ,与右线隧道的最小埋深为 ${0.728}\mathrm{\;m}$图 12 为顶管施工过程中下方隧道拱顶变形监测曲线。
下方隧道先是经历较小的沉降后, 隧道整体出现抬升现象,当掌子面推进后下卧隧道的抬升趋于稳定。 顶管施工结束后下卧隧道又出现了较大的整体沉降, 最后顶管下方隧道沉降值恢复到顶管之前的状态。这是因为顶管掌子面尚未到达隧道时, 顶管下方由于土体摩擦力的作用推动土体向前, 导致掌子面前方土体挤压, 从而引起下方隧道出现了少量的沉降; 当顶管掌子面通过隧道时由于顶管开挖引起地层损失, 引起顶管下方土体向顶管方向移动, 引起顶管下方隧道出现了整体抬升,左右线隧道的抬升量约为 $1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ; 顶管掌子面通过隧道后隧道并没有出现下降的趋势, 仍保持 $1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 左右的抬升量。在顶管施工结束后下卧隧道开始出现沉降, 最终又恢复到初始位置。通过与地表沉降、管线沉降规律对比可以发现, 下卧隧道的沉降规律与地表沉降和管线沉降存在差异, 顶管掌子面通过隧道后隧道没有出现下降的趋势, 而是在顶管施工结束才呈现下降的趋势。这是因为顶管周围土体由于摩擦力的影响沿着顶管顶进方向运动, 导致顶管附近的土体在顶管推进过程中难以产生固结, 在顶管施工结束后顶管下方土体才开始固结, 所以在顶管结束后顶管下卧隧道开始产生沉降。
针对浅埋矩形顶管施工引起的地表变形特征, 通过现场监测数据分析了浅埋矩形顶管施工引起的地表横向与顶管施工阶段对临近盾构隧道的影响规律, 得到以下结论。
1) 浅埋顶管施工过程地表的变形规律可以分为地表抬升、地表迅速沉降和沉降稳定 3 个阶段。掌子面通过前仅在顶管宽度范围为内的地表出现隆起, 掌子面通过后沉降迅速增加直至最终沉降稳定。
2) 浅埋顶管施工引起的地表变形特征与圆形盾构或圆形顶管存在差异, 采用改进的 Peck 公式可以准确计算浅埋矩形顶管施工引起的地表变形值。
3)临近下卧隧道整体的沉降与地表变形存在差异, 下卧隧道在掌子面通过后隧道的抬升量保持在 $1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 左右,在顶管施工结束后因顶管周围土体重新固结, 隆起下卧隧道开始下降到初始位置。
  • 山西省自然科学基金项目(20210302123124)
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2024年第37卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.01.021
  • 接收时间:2023-04-18
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-18
  • 修回日期:2023-10-20
基金
山西省自然科学基金项目(20210302123124)
作者信息
    1 中铁十四局集团第二工程有限公司 山东泰安 271021
    2 太原理工大学 矿业工程学院 太原 030024

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王梅,女,博士,副教授,从事岩土体力学特性及地下工程施工方法研究,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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