Article(id=1149744616582328518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590036583414, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.01.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1682006400000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-21, revisedDate=1696262400000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752050077814, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752050077814, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752050077814, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752050077814, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149744590036583414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, year='2024', volume='37', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752050071486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780168039, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157001141138575501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590036583414, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157001141138575502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, issueId=1149744590036583414, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=107, endPage=113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149744617043701969, articleId=1149744616582328518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, language=EN, title=Track Inspection Vehicle Routing Problem under the Urban Rail Transit Network, columnId=1152669335454658940, journalTitle=Urban Rapid Rail Transit, columnName=Academic Discussion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The subway engineering department regularly operates track inspection vehicles to detect the state of the tracks, which is crucial for residents' safe travel. The operational path of track inspection vehicles mainly relies on expert judgment, which is not only a timeconsuming practice but is also ineffective. To address the shortcomings of the current lack of systematic planning for the operational paths of track inspection vehicles, this study, set against the backdrop of the urban rail transit network, constructs a largescale subway inspection vehicle routing optimization model named Urban Track Inspection Vehicle Routing Problem (UTIVRP), under the conditions of a complex network. Considering the characteristics of subway networks, a cultural genetic algorithm with a special encoding method is designed and validated using practical examples from the Beijing subway. The computational results indicate that under the conditions of meeting the established inspection requirements, the optimization solution can not only reduce the idle mileage of vehicles by 48.88%, but also decrease the maximum deviation rate of the network's inspection interval by 93.33%.

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针对目前轨道检测车作业路径缺乏系统规划方法的弊端,以城市轨道交通线网为背景,构建成网条件下多约束地铁大型检测车辆路径优化模型(urban track inspection vehicle routing problem,UTIVRP)。针对地铁线网的特点,设计具有特殊编码方式的文化基因算法,并通过北京地铁实际算例予以验证。计算结果表明,在满足既定检测要求的情况下,优化方案不仅能够减少车辆48.88%的空走里程,而且能够将线网的检测间隔最大偏差率降低93.33%。

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胡政汉,男,本科,从事铁道工程研究,

, authorsList=胡政汉)}, authors=[Author(id=1154040124607292278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744616582328518, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1980413594@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1154040124670206841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744616582328518, authorId=1154040124607292278, language=EN, stringName=Zhenghan HU, firstName=Zhenghan, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of software Huadong Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1154040124716344187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744616582328518, authorId=1154040124607292278, language=CN, stringName=胡政汉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=华东交通大学 软件学院 南昌 330013, bio={"content":"

胡政汉,男,本科,从事铁道工程研究,

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胡政汉,男,本科,从事铁道工程研究,

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figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
线名 检测频率 分配到的特定整数
I 1 1
II 2 2,3
III 2 4, 5
IV 1 6
V 1 7
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线名 检测频率 分配到的特定整数
I 1 1
II 2 2,3
III 2 4, 5
IV 1 6
V 1 7
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PZ PC PV Q TS TE α 迭代曲线 Z
30 0.87 0.13 30 100 3 0.88 曲线 1 0.151 14
40 0.85 0.15 35 98 3 0.90 曲线 2 0.140 82
75 0.88 0.12 45 100 3 0.91 曲线 3 0.140 82
80 0.80 0.20 40 99 2 0.88 曲线 4 0.140 82
85 0.87 0.13 55 98 3 0.92 曲线 5 0.151 14
90 0.85 0.18 47 98 3 0.88 曲线 6 0.148 50
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PZ PC PV Q TS TE α 迭代曲线 Z
30 0.87 0.13 30 100 3 0.88 曲线 1 0.151 14
40 0.85 0.15 35 98 3 0.90 曲线 2 0.140 82
75 0.88 0.12 45 100 3 0.91 曲线 3 0.140 82
80 0.80 0.20 40 99 2 0.88 曲线 4 0.140 82
85 0.87 0.13 55 98 3 0.92 曲线 5 0.151 14
90 0.85 0.18 47 98 3 0.88 曲线 6 0.148 50
), ArticleFig(id=1154040128109536207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123302524792850, articleId=1149744616582328518, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Calculation result of UTIVRP, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 Z1 Z2 Z3 DW/d
手工方案 603.530 0.241 5 0.348 8 43
优化方案 308.514 0.034 5 0.034 5 29
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方案 Z1 Z2 Z3 DW/d
手工方案 603.530 0.241 5 0.348 8 43
优化方案 308.514 0.034 5 0.034 5 29
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城市轨道交通线网检测车路径优化
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胡政汉
都市快轨交通 | 学术探讨 2024,37(1): 107-113
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都市快轨交通 | 学术探讨 2024, 37(1): 107-113
城市轨道交通线网检测车路径优化
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胡政汉
作者信息
  • 华东交通大学 软件学院 南昌 330013
  • 胡政汉,男,本科,从事铁道工程研究,

Track Inspection Vehicle Routing Problem under the Urban Rail Transit Network
Zhenghan HU
Affiliations
  • School of software Huadong Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.01.017
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针对目前轨道检测车作业路径缺乏系统规划方法的弊端,以城市轨道交通线网为背景,构建成网条件下多约束地铁大型检测车辆路径优化模型(urban track inspection vehicle routing problem,UTIVRP)。针对地铁线网的特点,设计具有特殊编码方式的文化基因算法,并通过北京地铁实际算例予以验证。计算结果表明,在满足既定检测要求的情况下,优化方案不仅能够减少车辆48.88%的空走里程,而且能够将线网的检测间隔最大偏差率降低93.33%。

城市轨道交通  /  检测车  /  轨道检测  /  路径优化  /  文化基因算法

The subway engineering department regularly operates track inspection vehicles to detect the state of the tracks, which is crucial for residents' safe travel. The operational path of track inspection vehicles mainly relies on expert judgment, which is not only a timeconsuming practice but is also ineffective. To address the shortcomings of the current lack of systematic planning for the operational paths of track inspection vehicles, this study, set against the backdrop of the urban rail transit network, constructs a largescale subway inspection vehicle routing optimization model named Urban Track Inspection Vehicle Routing Problem (UTIVRP), under the conditions of a complex network. Considering the characteristics of subway networks, a cultural genetic algorithm with a special encoding method is designed and validated using practical examples from the Beijing subway. The computational results indicate that under the conditions of meeting the established inspection requirements, the optimization solution can not only reduce the idle mileage of vehicles by 48.88%, but also decrease the maximum deviation rate of the network's inspection interval by 93.33%.

urban rail transit  /  inspection velaicle  /  track inspection  /  routing problem  /  memetic algorithm
胡政汉. 城市轨道交通线网检测车路径优化. 都市快轨交通, 2024 , 37 (1) : 107 -113 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.01.017
Zhenghan HU. Track Inspection Vehicle Routing Problem under the Urban Rail Transit Network[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2024 , 37 (1) : 107 -113 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.01.017
通过运行大型检测车辆, 如轨道检查车、钢轨探伤车等, 采集轨面数据进行病害分析是目前实现轨道检测的主要手段 [ 1 - 2 ] 。然而,目前手工制定的轨检车作业路径主要依靠专家的经验和知识。人工编排的大型检测车辆路径方案无论是里程还是时间均衡性都存在优化空间。如何兼顾一个编排周期内大型检测车辆的总行驶里程和线网上各条线路的时间均衡性自动编制出更优的大型检测车辆路径是目前的研究难点。
地铁轨道检测车辆路径优化问题(urban track inspection vehicle routing problem, UTIVRP)本质上属于弧路径优化问题(arc routing problem, ARP)的分支, 与目前被广泛关注的能力受限的弧路径问题(capacitated arc routing problem, CARP) [ 3 ] 较为类似。经典的 CARP 是定义在无向图上的路径优化问题, 每个弧都有非负的花费和需求, 车辆要对有非负需求的弧进行服务, 且每辆车提供的服务总量不得超过车辆的能力(能力约束)。目标是寻找最低成本且起始于某一特定车库的路径。CARP 理论已被应用于多个领域, 如城市垃圾回收 [ 4 - 5 ] 、洒水车路径规划 [ 6 ] 、邮件包裹运送 [ 7 ] 和冬季道路除雪 [ 8 ] 等。小规模的 CARP 可以通过精确求解的算法(比如分支定界法)求得最优解 [ 8 ] 。启发式算法虽不能确保求解结果一定是全局最优, 但可以在较短的时间内得到一个满意的近似解 [ 9 - 10 ] ,如遗传算法 [ 11 ] 、蚁群算法 [ 12 ] 等。目前关于 CARP 的研究大部分是单目标优化, 但是实际问题中除了最小化总路由成本以外, 还有很多其他因素需要考虑, 如最小化最长行程长度、 最小化运用车辆数等。文献[ 13 ]最早提出了多目标 CARP 模型。文献[ 14 ]针对同时降低总行驶成本和最长行程的 CARP 问题, 利用构造性启发式算法改造非支配排序的遗传算法进行求解。文献[ 15 ]研究了周期性能力受限的路径问题(periodic capacitated arc routing problem, PCARP), 将 CARP 的服务时间扩展到一段时期内(称为规划周期),用来解决服务任务具有多周期特点的弧路径问题。但是, 根据实际路网和生产需要, UTIVRP 需要另外满足检测完整性和作业时长约束。因此, UTIVRP 可视作 CARP 的变体, 也是 NP-hard 问题。
目前, CARP 方面的相关探索更多集中在道路网方面 [ 16 ] ,鲜有与城市轨道交通线网的相关研究。本文针对城市轨道交通线网的特点, 提出双层染色体编码方式, 设计文化基因算法进行求解, 探索城市轨道交通检测车路径方案, 并通过算例对比北京地铁线网检测车路径的在用方案, 对本文所建模型与设计算法进行验证。
地铁轨道检测车作业过程如下: 编排周期伊始, 大型检测车辆从城市轨道交通线网的固定车库出发开始作业。由于地铁线网白天承担客运任务, 因此检测车只能在夜间规定的时间内执行检测作业(如 02:00 am- ${04}: {00}\mathrm{\;{am}}$ )。在规定时间结束前,检测车需要停放在车辆段中。不同线路有不同检测次数的要求, 检测车辆在完成线网上各条线路规定次数的检测后需返回到固定车库。轨道检测数据分析和管理一般以整条线为单位, 这要求大型检测车辆应尽可能在一天之内完成一个线别的检测,保证一个线别上检测数据的完整性。 与道路网情况不同, 大型检测车辆在作业过程中若要从某条线路转到另一条线路必须借助联络线。一个编排周期内大型检测车辆的行驶成本包括消耗的柴油、 检测人员的人工成本和大型检测车辆的损耗等, 即与编排周期内的总行驶里程成正比。因此本文以行驶里程来量化大型检测车辆的行驶成本, 总行驶里程主要包括检测里程和调车里程, 其中检测线路的里程是大型检测车辆所必须走行的, 不存在优化空间。由此可见,大型检测车辆的总行驶里程取决于调车里程。同一线路相邻两次检测之间的时间间隔应尽可能保持一致, 也就是大型检测车辆路径优化需要兼顾总调车里程和时间均衡性。
本文将基于两个基本假设对 UTIVRP 进行研究: 大型检测车辆以恒定的速度运行; 大型检测车辆作业过程中在联络线上的时间忽略不计。
模型中涉及的符号定义如下。
$V$ : 城市轨道交通线网中的节点集合;
$A$ : 城市轨道交通线网中的有向弧集合;
$B$ : 车库节点集合, $B \subseteq V$ ;
${\mathrm{C}}_{i, j}^{s}$ : 弧(i, j)在被第 $s$ 次检测时所在的天数;
$D$ : 完工天数,即轨检车的实际走行天数;
DP: 给定的检测周期;
DW: 检测车的纯工作天数;
depot: 轨检车整条路径的起终点;
$F$ : 车辆每天可经过的最多弧的数量;
${K}_{i, j}$ : 弧(i, j)的规定检测次数;
${l}_{i, j}$ : 弧(i, j)的长度;
$r$ : 线路编号;
${t}_{i, j}$ : 轨检车在弧(i, j)上的走行时间;
$W$ : 检测车夜间作业时长限制;
${x}_{i, j}^{d, f}= \left\{\begin{array}{ll} 1 &\text{ 轨检车在第 }d\text{ 天对第 }f\text{ 段弧 }\left({i, j}\right)\text{ 进行检测 }\\ 0 &\text{ 否则 }\end{array}\right.$ ;
${y}_{i, j}^{d, f}= \left\{\begin{array}{ll} 1 &\text{ 轨检车在第 }d\text{ 天通过第 }f\text{ 段弧 }\left({i, j}\right)\text{ 进行 }\\& \text{ 调车 }\\ 0 &\text{ 否则 }\end{array}\right.$
由于轨检车的任务 ${K}_{i, j}$ 是确定的,所以轨检车的检测里程是定值。轨检车的最短走行里程 ${Z}_{1}$ 由空走调车里程所决定。
$\min {Z}_{1}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{d = 1}}^{\mathrm{{DW}}}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{f = 1}}^{F}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{\left({i, j}\right)\in A}}{l}_{i, j}{y}_{i, j}^{d, f}- \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{\left({i, j}\right)\in A}}{K}_{i, j}{l}_{i, j}$
检测间隔平均偏差 ${Z}_{2}$ ,表示需要多次检测的线路实际检测间隔与理想检测间隔差值的平均值。偏差越小说明时间均衡性越好,反之越差。
$\min {Z}_{2}= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{\left({i, j}\right)\in A}}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{s \in \{ 1,\cdots ,\mathrm{{DW}}- 1\}}}\left|{{C}_{i, j}^{s + 1}- {C}_{i, j}^{s}- \mathrm{{DW}}/{K}_{i, j}}\right|/ $
$\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{\left({i, j}\right)\in A}}\left({{K}_{i, j}- 1}\right)$
检测间隔最大偏差 ${Z}_{3}$ ,表示需要多次检测的线路实际检测间隔与理想检测间隔差值的最大值。偏差越小说明时间均衡性越好,反之越差。
$\min {Z}_{3}= \mathop{\max }\limits_{\substack{{\forall \left({i, j}\right)\in A}\\{\forall s = 1,\cdots ,\mathrm{{DW}}- 1}}}\left|{{C}_{i, j}^{s + 1}- {C}_{i, j}^{s}- \mathrm{{DW}}/{K}_{i, j}}\right|$
复合各子目标函数。首先将各个子目标函数进行归一化处理,然后将归一化后的目标函数复合为 $Z$
$\min Z =\sqrt{{\left({Z}_{1}^{\prime }\right)}^{2}+ {\left({Z}_{2}^{\prime }\right)}^{2}+ {\left({Z}_{3}^{\prime }\right)}^{2}}$
式中, ${Z}_{1}^{\prime },{Z}_{2}^{\prime }$${Z}_{3}^{\prime }$ 分别表示归一化后的目标函数值, 计算方法为
${Z}_{i}^{\prime }= \left({{Z}_{i}- {Z}_{i}^{\min }}\right)/\left({{Z}_{i}^{\max }- {Z}_{i}^{\min }}\right),\;\forall i = 1,2,3 $
式中, ${Z}_{i}^{\min }$${Z}_{i}^{\max }$ 分别表示可行解在对应的目标函数上所能取得的最小值和最大值。
各线路的检测次数要达到工务部门的要求:
$\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{d = 1}}^{\mathrm{{DW}}}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{f = 1}}^{F}{x}_{i, j}^{d, f}\geq {K}_{i, j},\;\forall \left({i, j}\right)\in A $
轨检车每日的运行时间不得超过规定的时长限制:
$\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{f = 1}}^{F}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{\left({i, j}\right)\in A}}{t}_{i, j}{y}_{i, j}^{d, f}\leq W,\;\forall d = 1,2,\cdots ,\mathrm{{DW}}$
轨检车在规定的检测时间结束之前需要停在车库, 之后从该车库开出:
${y}_{i, j}^{d,1}= 1,\;\forall i \in B;j \in V \smallsetminus \{ i\};d = 1,2,\cdots ,\mathrm{{DW}}$
${y}_{i, j}^{d, F}= 1,\;\forall j \in B;i \in V \smallsetminus \{ j\};d = 1,2,\cdots ,\mathrm{{DW}}$
${y}_{i, j}^{d,\text{ last }}= {y}_{j, k}^{d + 1,1},\;\forall j \in B;i, k \in V \smallsetminus \{ j\}; $
$ d = 1,2,\cdots ,\mathrm{{DW}}- 1 $
轨检车从固定车库 depot 出发, 完成任务后必须回到该车库:
${y}_{\text{depot }, j}^{1,1}= 1,\;\forall j \in V $
${y}_{i,\text{ depot }}^{\mathrm{{DW}},1}= 1,\;\forall i \in V $
轨检车的实际完成天数不得超过编排期:
$\text{DW≤}D $
车辆只有在行驶过弧时才能对其执行检测操作。
${x}_{i, j}^{d, f}\leq {y}_{i, j}^{d, f},\;\forall \left({i, j}\right)\in A;d = 1,2,\cdots ,\mathrm{{DW}};$
$ f = 1,2,\cdots , F $
定义决策变量:
$\text{DW}\in {\mathrm{N}}^{+ }$
${x}_{i, j}^{d, f}\in \{ 0,1\},\forall \left({i, j}\right)\in A;d = 1,2,\cdots ,\mathrm{{DW}}\text{;}$
$ f = 1,2,\cdots , F \\{y}_{i, j}^{d, f}\in \{ 0,1\},\forall \left({i, j}\right)\in A;d = 1,2,\cdots ,\mathrm{{DW}}\text{;}\\ f = 1,2,\cdots , F $
## 2 文化基因算法
文化基因算法(memetic algorithm, MA)是元启发式算法的一种, 该算法在遗传算法(genetic algorithm, GA)的框架下融合了局部搜索和全局搜索, 在车辆路径优化问题中有着广泛的应用。该算法的具体操作过程如 图 1 所示。首先, 随机初始化种群。结合轮盘赌与精英个体选择法确定父代个体, 通过交叉变异获得子代。然后, 判断生成的解是否可行, 若可行, 则计算其适应度函数, 并利用 Metropolis 准则筛选子代; 否则, 重复选择、交叉和变异过程。当迭代满足终止条件时, 终止计算, 输出最佳解。
染色体的编码是元启发式算法的使用前提, 良好的编码方式不仅能够减少搜索空间, 而且能够有效提高搜索效率。染色体编码方式如下: 第一层为线路序列, 第二层为弧序列。线序列染色体上的一个基因代表了轨检车对某条线路的一次检测,用整数表示。弧的整数序列表示规划周期内轨检车的一条检测路径。 表 1 表示既定的检测任务, 图 2 展示了一个简化的地铁线网。在城市轨道交通线网中, 各线路之间设有联络线, 车辆经由联络线驶入另一线路, 若待检线路与车辆当前停留的线路间不存在联络线, 则车辆无法直接驶入目标线路, 而需要暂时经由其他线路寻找合适的走行路径。 图 3 给出了简化地铁线网(共计 5 条线路) 的编码示例, 其中相邻两条线路之间的路径由 Floyd-Warshall 算法确定。
根据最远里程约束和车库约束将染色体解码为每一天的轨检车行驶路径, 同时可以得到轨检车按照该检测路径完成规划周期内所有检测任务的总天数 DW, 如 图 4 所示。
综合考虑轮盘赌和精英个体选择两种方式的优缺点, 本文将这 2 种选择方式进行结合: 将父代优良个体按照一定比例直接放入子代,同时从父代的所有个体中以轮盘赌的方式选择剩余名额的个体进入子代。
MA 所采用的交叉算子如下: 随机选取 P1 染色体中的基因段复制到 $\mathrm{C}1$ 的相同位置处,再将 $\mathrm{P}2$ 染色体中与之相同的基因段删除, 之后将剩余的基因按照从左到右的顺序复制到 $\mathrm{C}1$ 中, $\mathrm{C}2$ 的染色体操作方式相同, 具体过程见 图 5
本文所采用的线染色体变异算子包括挪位和换位,如 图 6 所示。挪位是选取线序列中任意连续的 $q$ 个基因( $q$ 取小于线序列长度的随机整数)插入某位基因之前(后);换位是选取线序列中任意 $p$ 对基因 $(p$ 是不大于线序列长度的随机整数) 交换位置。
Metropolis 筛选准则为
$ x =\left\{\begin{array}{ll} x &\text{ 若 }f\left( x\right)\leq f\left({x}^{\prime }\right)\\ x &\text{ 若 }f\left( x\right)> f\left({x}^{\prime }\right)\text{ 且 }u \leq {e}^{-{\Delta f}/{T}_{\mathrm{S}}}\\{x}^{\prime }& \text{ 否则 }\end{array}\right.$
式中: $x$ 表示当前解, ${x}^{\prime }$ 表示 $x$ 在经过交叉变异后产生的新解; $f\left( x\right)$ 表示解 $x$ 的适应度值; ${T}_{\mathrm{S}}$ 表示初始温度, $\alpha$ 表示温度衰减系数,温度的更新方法为 ${T}_{\mathrm{S}}= \alpha \times {T}_{\mathrm{S}}$ , $\alpha \in \left({0,1}\right)$ ; 温差的计算方法为 ${\Delta f}= \left\lbrack {f\left({x}^{\prime }\right)- f\left( x\right)}\right\rbrack /$ $f\left( x\right)\times {100}, u$ 表示服从 $\left\lbrack {0,1}\right\rbrack$ 均匀分布的随机数。
以北京市地铁线网为例对轨检车的运行路径展开研究, 其地铁线网如 图 7 所示。实验环境配置为 ${2.60}\mathrm{{GHz}}\mathrm{{CPU}}\text{、}{8.00}\mathrm{{GB}}$ 内存。
求解 UTIVRP 问题首先需要在所有约束条件下确定式(15)中的 ${Z}_{1}^{\min }$${Z}_{1}^{\max }$ 。MA 参数设置如下: 种群规模 ${P}_{\mathrm{Z}}$ 取 30,交叉概率 ${P}_{\mathrm{C}}$ 取 0.83,变异概率 ${P}_{\mathrm{V}}$ 取 0.17,线-弧转换系数 $Q$ 取 30,初始温度 ${T}_{\mathrm{S}}$ 取 99,衰减参数 $\alpha$ 取 0.92,终止温度 ${T}_{\mathrm{E}}$ 取 2。迭代过程如 图 8 所示。
根据 图8 $,{Z}_{1}^{\min }$${Z}_{1}^{\max }$ 在多次计算后均收敛到固定值 ${191.958}\mathrm{\;{km}}$${1074.246}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ 。之后在相同条件下计算式(15)中的 ${Z}_{2}^{\min }$${Z}_{3}^{\min }$ ,计算结果如 图 9 所示。
由于 ${Z}_{2}$${Z}_{3}$ 都是非负数, 图 9 中的计算结果显示 ${Z}_{2}^{\min }$${Z}_{3}^{\min }$ 已经取得 0,此为最理想的检测时间间隔, 无需多次验证。
综上, 文化基因算法在处理单目标问题时, 收敛值及解的质量均能令人满意。为进一步评价文化基因算法的有效性,在计算 $Z$ 时,对文化基因算法中的各输入参数选取不同的值, 参数设置及计算结果见 表 2 , 迭代过程见 图 10
计算结果的标准差 $s ={0.0048}$ ,变异系数 $\mathrm{{cv}}= {3.299}\%$ , 分布较为集中。本节从相同参数多次运算和多种参数独立运算的两种角度对算法进行评估, 结果表明, 针对 UTIVRP 所设计的 MA 算法有较高的精度。
表 3 列举出曲线 5 对应的轨检车路径编制方案与目前在用方案的对比结果。
表 3 可以看出, 人工安排的轨检车空走调车里程为 ${603.530}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,完成所有检测任务共需要 ${43}\mathrm{\;d}$ ,检测间隔平均偏差日为 ${10.38}\mathrm{\;d}$ ,检测间隔最大偏差日为 ${14.99}\mathrm{\;d}$ 。而经过本文优化所得到的空走调车里程为 ${308.514}\mathrm{\;{km}}$ ,完成所有检测任务的纯工作时间为 ${29}\mathrm{\;d}$ , 检测间隔平均偏差日为 ${1.00}\mathrm{\;d}$ ,检测间隔最大偏差日为 ${1.00}\mathrm{\;d}$ 。调车里程降低约 ${48.88}\%$ ,检测间隔平均偏差率降低约 90.37%,最大偏差率降低约 93.33%。
本文所规划的轨检车作业路线如 图 11 所示, 其中车辆走行而不开启检测模式的路径被标记为黄色; 在两站点之间的检测路径被标记为绿色。
针对城市轨道交通线网的特点, 建立了复杂约束条件下的多目标 UTIVRP 模型, 提出了双层染色体结构及编码方式, 设计出 MA 算法。将模型应用于北京市轨道交通线网, 并将求解结果与目前北京市地铁工务部门在用的轨检车检测路径进行对比。结果表明: 相比于手工方案,优化后的检测路径降低了 48.88%的空走调车里程,减少了 14 d 的作业天数; 极大地提高了各线路的检测效果, 优化后的车辆调度计划的检测间隔平均偏差率降低约 90.37%,最大偏差率降低约 93.33%。
UTIVRP 仍存在进一步改进的空间。本文只考虑了单辆城市轨道检测车的路径优化过程。下一步将针对在城市轨道交通线网上同时优化两辆及以上大型检测车辆的路径展开讨论, 为未来城市轨道检测车路径规划的应用奠定基础。
  • 中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(N2022G028)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2024.01.017
  • 接收时间:2023-04-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-21
  • 修回日期:2023-10-03
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中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(N2022G028)
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    华东交通大学 软件学院 南昌 330013
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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